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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Product safety

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Academic literature on the topic 'Product safety'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Product safety"

1

Bisenius, Bill. "Let's Talk Product Safety [Product Safety]." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 5, no. 3 (July 2016): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2016.2562144.

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Bisenius, Bill. "Let's Talk Product Safety [Product Safety Perspectives]." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2016.2590241.

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Johnson, Howard. "PRODUCT SAFETY." Managerial Law 38, no. 5 (May 1996): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022470.

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Berger, Mitchell. "Blood product safety." Nature Climate Change 3, no. 7 (June 25, 2013): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1928.

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McNamara, Sherrie. "NONPRESCRIPTION PRODUCT SAFETY." Gastroenterology Nursing 36, no. 5 (2013): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sga.0b013e3182a6e07c.

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Arata, Fumiko. "Product Safety Administration." Proceedings of the JSME Symposium on Welfare Engineering 2005 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmewes.2005.11.

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Putri, Widaninggar Rahma. "BLOOD PRODUCT SAFETY." Journal of Medical Laboratory and Science 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/medlabscience.v2i2.1357.

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Background: Blood transfusion services are attempted to utilize human blood as a basic element for humanitarian purposes. Both blood and blood products are playing a crucial role in health services. Blood transfusion is a medical procedure that contains risks due to the possible risk of Blood-transfusion related infectious disease. Each blood product is requisite to be screened for blood-transfusion related infectious disease at least in 4 parameter such as Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), HIV 1/ HIV 2 Antibody, Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) and Syphilis. Blood-transfusion related Infectious disease can be detected through antibody or antigen detection by various methods such as Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (CLIA). Methods: This paper is a literature review, Results: CLIA has been developed in various field including clinical diagnosis of various disease due to its selective, sensitive, speedy and short time analysis time consuming. Conventional immunoassay methods requires longer incubation time, longer turnaround time and shorter detection range. Conclusion:CLIA can be used to reduce examination time while increasing its sensitivity and spesificity.

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Bisenius, Bill. "Product Safety of the Internet of Things [Product Safety Perspectives]." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 6, no. 3 (July 2017): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2017.2685018.

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Chizek, Martin. "How Safe is Safe Enough? Acceptable Safety Criteria From an Engineering and Legal Perspective." Journal of System Safety 53, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v53i3.108.

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Manufacturers have a vested interest in the safety of their customers, and in protecting their reputation for producing safe products. An additional incentive to produce safe products is avoiding liability when their product is involved in an accident or mishap that results in personal injury and/or property damage. While it is often said that one must never compromise on safety, the fact remains that any product must necessarily be a balance between the level of safety desired and the cost and performance impact of achieving that level of safety. The product manufacturer must make a determination: Is this product (or technology) acceptably safe within the context of current consumer expectations as well as the legal/regulatory framework? Is the residual risk tolerable? This paper presents a methodology to address those questions by reviewing the publicly available information of a recent automotive product liability case, and evaluating whether the product design met current legal and safety engineering best practices.

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Bayhozhaeva, B. U., and А. А. Abenova. "Product conformity conﬁrmations - product safety guarantee." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 128, no. 3 (2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2019-128-3-8-14.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Product safety"

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Suhanyiova, Lucia. "Product safety culture : a new variant of safety culture?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238033.

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Niven, Catherine. "Evaluating Australian and US consumer product safety regulatory responses to hazardous children's products." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203461/2/Catherine_Niven_Thesis.pdf.

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While there is evidence that unsafe children's products enter the Australian market, no research currently examines product safety regulatory responses to identify their frequency, type and nature. This study built, and then analysed, an extensive knowledge base of Australian and US product safety regulatory responses over the period 2011-17 to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hazardous children's products. This cross-disciplinary research then applied a public health approach to this unique empirical evidence to identify the need for further child product safety research and regulatory reform in Australia.

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Norris, Beverley. "Expectations of safety : realising ergonomics and safety in product design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11433/.

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This research considers the role of ergonomics in consumer safety. The aim was to encourage and improve the input of ergonomics, and thus safety, into the design process. The research has resulted in a series of publications targeted specifically at designers and producers of consumer goods, with the aim of encouraging their adoption of ergonomics principles, data and methods. These publications have been produced and distributed to industry by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Consumer Safety Unit: CHILDATA: The Handbook of Child Measurement and Capabilties - Data for Design Safety Designing Safety into Products: Making ergonomics evaluation a part of the design process (presented as an appendix to this thesis). The background to the research is a review of the influences on consumer safety, and the exploration of a role for ergonomics. European consumer legislation states that to be safe a product must meet the expectations of the user, hence the title of this thesis. This user-centred premise indicates the importance of product design and ergonomics in consumer safety, within the context of the other influences on safety such as safe-guarding, mitigation of accidents and education. Theoretically this places ergonomics as a central influence on safety. A review of the existing contributors to safety, such as governance, standards and education was undertaken and again design was found to be central. With the potential contribution of ergonomics to safety demonstrated, evidence of a formal relationship between ergonomics and the design process was sought from the literature. Despite many years of calls for improvements in the input of ergonomics to design, little evidence was found in the ergonomics literature of support or guidance for designers of consumer products on either of these aspects. Two main routes to improving this input of ergonomics to design were identified: the use of ergonomics data and guidelines, and the use of ergonomics evaluation methods. This research focuses on these two routes to product design safety with the hypothesis that these inputs could be improved, eventually allowing better design safety to be realised. The aims of the research were therefore to investigate and improve these inputs. The first stage of the research considered the use of ergonomics data and guidelines in design. The limitations of ergonomics data and the barriers to effective knowledge transfer were identified. Work was undertaken to address these problems, in the first instance specifically for designers of children's products. This resulted in the production of "Childata”, a handbook of ergonomics data on children, and its production and content are described. Four thousand copies of this handbook have been published and distributed free of charge to industry by the DTI. The success of Childata has resulted in sibling publications on adults (now published) and the elderly (in preparation). The next stage of the research was to consider the use of ergonomics evaluation methods by designers. A review of the literature on ergonomics methods and on guidance for their use found that there was a dearth of practical advice for designers. Also, that most guidance on evaluation methods concentrates on usability with very little reference specifically to safety. The feasibility of producing guidance for designers to encourage their use of evaluation was therefore considered. A series of four product safety evaluations were undertaken, presented here as case studies, and these form the major experimental part of the research. The aim of the case studies was to investigate the most useful and common methods for evaluating product safety and to generalise these into guidance for designers ,as well as producing formal reports and recommendations for improvements in the safety of the individual products. The products investigated were swimming pool covers, carbonated drinks bottles, all terrain bicycles and stepladders. The case studies showed however that a diversity of methods were needed to carry out the evaluations, many of which were novel methods or which drew on a mixture of ergonomics, technical and market research expertise T he only commonality found was in the sequence of stages that each evaluation followed, namely the identification of the products' users and hazards, the setting of performance criteria and selection of measurement variables, and the subsequent choice of methods. T he initial concept behind the fundamental research to producing prescriptive advice on methods was therefore rejected. Instead a framework for a generic evaluation process was developed, based on the findings from the case studies and with reference to the literature. This framework formed the basis of a guidance document for designers: ‘Designing Safety Into Products'. This was also published and distributed to industry by the DTI. The publication establishes and encourages a generic evaluation process, but also concentrates on embedding ergonomics principles into the design process by exploring the relationship between evaluation and safety and stressing the need to move past the use of ergonomics data, as well as providing methodological guidance. The research reported in this thesis has shown that the problems with the transfer of knowledge and methods from the ergonomics discipline are long standing. The reasons for this are discussed and recommendations are made to improve the link between design and ergonomics, including furthering this pragmatic approach to empowering designers by the production of similar design tools. The research programme has been a pragmatic approach to improving ergonomics and safety in design: improving the accessibility of ergonomics data for designers and promoting ergonomics evaluation methods during the product development process. The publications that have resulted from the research represent pragmatic steps which it is hoped may make some contribution to the realisation of safety.

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Hodges, Christopher John Stratford. "Safety in European Community product regulation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/safety-in-european-community-product-regulation(e4f1a670-a5f5-41c3-8b24-87b7f4a52774).html.

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Misner, Scottie, and Evelyn Whitmer. "Egg and Egg Product Safety and Quality." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146664.

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2 pp.
Revision of 1997 title by Meer and Misner
From 1988 to 1992, 66% of all food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella enteritidis involved eggs or foods containing eggs. Contamination of eggs may occur on the inside as well as the outside of the shell. This article outlines the proper refrigeration, cooking and handling methods to prevent most egg safety problems.

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Habli, Ibrahim. "Model-based assurance of safety-critical product lines." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516613.

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Sunley, J. A. "Developing a model for consumer product safety evaluation." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12248/.

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Safety enforcement practitioners within Europe and marketers, designers or manufacturers of consumer products need to determine compliance with the legal test of "reasonable safety" for consumer goods, to reduce the "risks" of injury to the minimum. To enable freedom of movement of products, a method for safety appraisal is required for use as an "expert" system of hazard analysis by non-experts in safety testing of consumer goods for implementation consistently throughout Europe. Safety testing approaches and the concept of risk assessment and hazard analysis are reviewed in developing a model for appraising consumer product safety which seeks to integrate the human factors contribution of risk assessment, hazard perception, and information processing. The model develops a system of hazard identification, hazard analysis and risk assessment which can be applied to a wide range of consumer products through use of a series of systematic checklists and matrices and applies alternative numerical and graphical methods for calculating a final product safety risk assessment score. It is then applied in its pilot form by selected "volunteer" Trading Standards Departments to a sample of consumer products. A series of questionnaires is used to select participating Trading Standards Departments, to explore the contribution of potential subjective influences, to establish views regarding the usability and reliability of the model and any preferences for the risk assessment scoring system used. The outcome of the two stage hazard analysis and risk assessment process is considered to determine consistency in results of hazard analysis, final decisions regarding the safety of the sample product and to determine any correlation in the decisions made using the model and alternative scoring methods of risk assessment. The research also identifies a number of opportunities for future work, and indicates a number of areas where further work has already begun.

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Parmeza, Ditmar. "Cost and Efforts in Product Lines for Developing Safety Critical Products - An empirical study." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28598.

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Reuse processes are considered nowadays as a very advantageous and beneficial approach that is frequently used in several industrial environments. This fact has strongly motivated practitioners to rely on Software Product Line Engineering principles. Using product lines is associated with both cost savings and reduced efforts for development in industry. Moreover, many companies and domains develop products nowadays that need to be safety certified before they can be sold to customers. In this perspective, there is industrial effort spent on addressing functional safety in product lines in industry. Different cost modeling approaches have been proposed in existing literature for providing solutions on software product line effort estimations. The main problem is that there is little evidence of cases in literature where such approaches have been applied successfully in industrial domains. In addition to that, no established product line cost model has been found in existing literature that considers functional safety efforts in its estimations. In this thesis report, an empirical study is presented which has the main focus on the investigation of cost and efforts in industrial product lines for developing safety-critical products. Besides the literature study which highlights related work and existing cost-modeling approaches for product lines, three studies are conducted in order to provide evidence and findings for identifying cost and efforts attributed to safety-critical product line development in industrial domains. In the first study, semi-structured interviews are performed with practitioners and industrial experts at Volvo Construction Equipment. The structure of the interview study is influenced and inspired by the findings from the literature study on expert effort estimations and established product line cost models as well as the effort and cost areas they attribute to the overall product line effort. The main purpose of the interview study is to derive results on safety effort estimation based on the feedback provided by industrial experts regarding functional safety application in the construction equipment domain. The second study consists in a survey study which gathers information on how other domains (except Volvo CE) deal with functional safety in their product lines and aims to investigate functional safety effort in their product line development process. Finally, a documentation analysis (third conducted study) is performed at Volvo CE in order to provide more evidence for supporting the findings from case study 1. The main contribution of this thesis work consists in the following: An overall analysis of the findings and results derived from the three conducted studies was provided in order to identify and explain the cost areas that contribute in the overall functional safety effort attested in industrial product lines. Moreover, several functional safety-related issues and challenges are identified while analyzing the three studies. Highest focus during this analysis regards their impact on cost in the functional safety perspective. Finally, we provide solutions on how to reduce this impact on cost by explaining the interdependencies between different safety-related cost areas, as well. The most important contribution of the analysis consists in the conclusions drawn from the investigation of functional safety effort estimation in product lines in industry. Previously, performing the literature study did not bring to the identification of any cost-modelling technique or estimation approach that is considering functional safety effort estimation in industry. For this reason, the results derived based on the findings in our empirical study are crucial in this perspective. In addition, we propose guidelines on proposing a new estimation approach in the future which would combine principles from both formal cost-modelling techniques as well as expert-based estimation methods which rely on the industrial expertise and human experience. We derive different components for the total functional safety effort in product lines from the findings in our empirical study. Moreover, different safety-related scenarios in industry and include safety effort estimations for each of them. The biggest contribution is however on the directions given on how to estimate in practice each of the functional safety effort components. Such directions are currently missing in existing effort estimation methods. Finally, proposals on how to improve further our analysis on product line safety effort estimation are given. Furthermore, we explain what is needed in addition in order to propose and design a relevant safety-related product line effort estimation approach in the future.

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Despotovski, Natali, and Sonja Vuletic. "A Product Development of Safety Car Seats for Children." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37041.

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Car accidents happens daily, and it is very important to protect all involved in a carno matter the age. Persons that are old enough and can take care of themselves, usescar seat belts to be protected in traffic. A child, however, must be placed andfastened in a safety seat by a parent or another caregiver, to be fully protected. Children that are correctly secured in safety seats have a 2.7 times bigger chance tosurvive a car crash without serious injuries compared to unstrained children (Berget al., 2000; WHO,2004). Regardless tests and safety seats that are available ontoday’s market, there are still issues that needs to be eliminated. Daily users of thisproduct are a good starting point since these people want a safe seat for their childthat can be easy to install and affordable; and they can best tell what issues theyencounter. Based on several scientific articles in a combination with interviews andobservations, issues with the safety seats could be confirmed. The primary issue isthe seat belt that is attached to the safety seat. Children can develop a habit ofwriggling out of the belt in safety seats. There are belt collectors available on themarket which holds the shoulder belts in place. In this way, it is harder for thechildren to slide out of the belt and helps to keep the belt properly positioned(BeSafe, 2018). Instead of having this as an accessory, it has been considered in thebelt that have been developed. Another issue is that the belt is complicated tofastened since two straps has to be simultaneously clicked in the belt buckle. If thisis done incorrectly, the belt cannot be fastened, and it takes time to try it again. Tomake this easier, two straps and the strap between the child's leg will be fastenedseparately in a seat buckle each. In this way, parents and other caregivers will beable to fasten the belt easy and properly. They will also be sure that the child issafely fastened and will minimize injury during an accident or another situation.

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Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong : toys and children's products safety control /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787561.

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Books on the topic "Product safety"

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S, Hodges Christopher J., Tyler Mark, and Abbott Howard, eds. Product safety. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1996.

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Frost & Sullivan., ed. U.S. safety product markets: Personal protection safety products. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.

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US GOVERNMENT. Consumer Product Safety Act. Washington, D.C: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1992.

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1948-, Gad Shayne C., ed. Product safety evaluation handbook. New York: Dekker, 1988.

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U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Office of the General Counsel. Consumer Product Safety Act. Washington, D.C: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1995.

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Miller, C. J. Product liability & safety encyclopaedia. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths, 1991.

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(Firm), Shell UK Oil. Product safety data sheet. London: Shell UK oil, 1985.

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Miller, C. J. Product liability & safety encyclopaedia. London: Butterworths, 1988.

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National Safety Council. Product Safety Committee. Product safety management guidelines. 2nd ed. [Itasca, IL]: The Council, 1997.

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A, Varga Péter, and Pintér Máté D, eds. Consumer product safety issues. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Product safety"

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Vesley, Donald. "Consumer Product Safety." In Human Health and the Environment, 113–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5434-6_11.

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Robinson, Patricia A. "Integrated Product Safety." In Writing and Designing Manuals and Warnings, 289–304. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429025372-11.

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McEntire, Jennifer, and Tejas Bhatt. "Product Tracing Systems." In Practical Food Safety, 63–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474563.ch5.

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Bauman, Howard E. "Safety and Regulatory Aspects." In Food Product Development, 133–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0675-7_6.

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Serksnis, Tony. "Safety by Design." In Designing Electronic Product Enclosures, 181–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69395-8_10.

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Suhanyiova, L., R. Flin, and A. Irwin. "Safety systems in product safety culture." In Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice, 1803–8. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374987-273.

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McEntire, Jennifer. "Food Product Tracing." In Improving Import Food Safety, 235–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118464298.ch11.

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Surdam, David George. "Anxiety Over Product Safety." In Business Ethics from the 19th Century to Today, 253–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37169-2_9.

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Webb, Jennifer, Rahul Shah, and Naomi Luban. "Blood Product Administration Safety." In Patient Safety and Quality in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, 225–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53790-0_13.

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Gad, Shayne C. "Human Pharmaceutical Product Safety." In Regulatory Toxicology, 11–65. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429464737-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Product safety"

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Bogett, William R., and Leticia Rodriguez. "Assessing a Product's Safety: A Product Litigation and Safety Team's Approach." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921710.

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Altkorn, R., S. Milkovich, and G. Rider. "Light emitting diode safety and safety standards." In 2005 IEEE Symposium on Product Safety Engineering. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pses.2005.1529515.

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Davis, D. "Notes on product liability and product safety." In IET Professional Development Course on Railway Signalling and Control Systems (RSCS 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080360.

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Li, C. H., and H. K. Lau. "Toy Product Safety Enhancement Using Smart Product Development." In 2018 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering - Asia (ISPCE-CN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispce-cn.2018.8805755.

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Baker, L. D., and R. A. Aherin. "Product Safety-A New Direction." In 39th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/880804.

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Burdette, Stephen D. "Simplistic Approach to Product Safety." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2838.

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Tsvetkov, Anita, and Scott Phillips. "PW 0157 WA consumer product advocacy network – reducing the risk of childhood injuries related to consumer products." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.346.

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Peckham, Geoffrey. "Choosing the right product safety label formats: A critical decision for product safety engineers." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering (PSES). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pses.2010.5637824.

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Schulze, Michael, Jan Mauersberger, and Danilo Beuche. "Functional safety and variability." In the 17th International Software Product Line Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2491627.2491654.

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Piotrowski, Nicholas. "Future trends of electrical safety testing — Production electrical safety testing." In 2016 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering (ISPCE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispce.2016.7492840.

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Reports on the topic "Product safety"

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Freeman, Douglas S. Product Oriented Safety and Health Management. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada451972.

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Harriss, Lydia, and Erin Johnson. Fire Safety of Construction Products. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn575.

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Fires at Grenfell Tower in 2017, Lakanal House in 2009, and other residential tower blocks have raised questions about how construction products affect the severity and spread of fires. This briefing considers how the fire safety of construction products is regulated; how products are tested and classified; and challenges for product testing and the building regulations more widely.

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Burnside, M. E. Safety evaluation for packaging (onsite) product removal can containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362541.

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Boettger, J. S. Safety evaluation for packaging (onsite) product removal can containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/16908.

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Dols, W. Stuart. Ventilation characterization of the Consumer Product Safety Commission combustion test chamber facility. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4415.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy, and Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.

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Matthews, T. G. Modeling and testing of formaldehyde emission characteristics of pressed-wood products: Report XVIII to the US Consumer Product Safety Commission 1985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6991561.

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UK, Ipsos. Potential Divergence of Food Safety Regulations Within the UK. Food Standards Agency, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nct227.

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This report summarises the findings from qualitative research exploring public attitudes towards regulatory divergence related to food products. The research was conducted with 78 participants from England, Wales and Northern Ireland, who took part in four online workshops between 26 January and 7 February 2023. Each workshop lasted three hours. Previous research for the Food Standards Agency (FSA) captured general consumer views towards regulatory divergence in the meat industry. Attitudes were influenced by three key factors including the scale of the change, perceptions of whether an erosion of standards could increase the risk of food becoming unsafe and the perceived motivations behind making changes. This study was designed to explore whether findings were applicable across other food sectors, product types, and regulated activities, and to understand what factors influence consumer views of regulatory divergence. Reflecting the complexity of the subject matter, our methodology was designed to introduce the public to the context for change and the concept of regulatory divergence, provide them with an opportunity to ask the FSA questions and used hypothetical scenarios to draw out views on regulatory divergence in practice.

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Boring, Matt. PR-186-214508-R01 In-Service Welding onto Ethylene Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012253.

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Welding onto an operating pipeline, or in-service welding, for modification and repair has been used safely by pipeline operating companies for many years. The two primary concerns when welding onto carbon steel pipelines are the safety of the repair crew and the integrity of the pipeline after the in-service welds have been completed. However in-service welding has been limited for some products that could react at the pipeline operating pressure if they reach a sufficient temperature that can occur during in-service welding. Even with this additional risk mitigation approach, some companies have historically been extremely cautious or have not allowed welding onto pipelines that contained some products. One such product is ethylene. Welding onto ethylene pipelines has been performed in the past but has more recently been considered a product for which in-service welding should not be undertaken due to the potential of an ethylene decomposition reaction that is exothermic and could result in a pipeline failure. The weld trials performed during this project were to test the hypothesis that an ethylene decomposition reaction that could result in a pipeline failure would not be produced as a result of in-service welding onto an ethylene pipeline. This was based on the background literature search and industry survey that showed in-service welding onto ethylene pipelines has been performed safely but generally there has been no detailed reporting of how those in-service welds were deposited. If an ethylene decomposition reaction does not result in a pipeline failure, then this work will be used to develop a relationship between welding heat inputs, pipeline wall thickness, and pipeline operating pressure under which in-service welds could safely be deposited onto an ethylene pipeline.

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Poppendieck, Dustin, Mengyan Gong, and Steven Emmerich. Characterization of emissions from spray polyurethane foam - final report to U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1921.

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