To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Product safety.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Product safety'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Product safety.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Suhanyiova, Lucia. "Product safety culture : a new variant of safety culture?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238033.
Full text
2
Niven, Catherine. "Evaluating Australian and US consumer product safety regulatory responses to hazardous children's products." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203461/2/Catherine_Niven_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
While there is evidence that unsafe children's products enter the Australian market, no research currently examines product safety regulatory responses to identify their frequency, type and nature. This study built, and then analysed, an extensive knowledge base of Australian and US product safety regulatory responses over the period 2011-17 to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hazardous children's products. This cross-disciplinary research then applied a public health approach to this unique empirical evidence to identify the need for further child product safety research and regulatory reform in Australia.
3
Norris, Beverley. "Expectations of safety : realising ergonomics and safety in product design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11433/.
Full textAbstract:
This research considers the role of ergonomics in consumer safety. The aim was to encourage and improve the input of ergonomics, and thus safety, into the design process. The research has resulted in a series of publications targeted specifically at designers and producers of consumer goods, with the aim of encouraging their adoption of ergonomics principles, data and methods. These publications have been produced and distributed to industry by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Consumer Safety Unit: CHILDATA: The Handbook of Child Measurement and Capabilties - Data for Design Safety Designing Safety into Products: Making ergonomics evaluation a part of the design process (presented as an appendix to this thesis). The background to the research is a review of the influences on consumer safety, and the exploration of a role for ergonomics. European consumer legislation states that to be safe a product must meet the expectations of the user, hence the title of this thesis. This user-centred premise indicates the importance of product design and ergonomics in consumer safety, within the context of the other influences on safety such as safe-guarding, mitigation of accidents and education. Theoretically this places ergonomics as a central influence on safety. A review of the existing contributors to safety, such as governance, standards and education was undertaken and again design was found to be central. With the potential contribution of ergonomics to safety demonstrated, evidence of a formal relationship between ergonomics and the design process was sought from the literature. Despite many years of calls for improvements in the input of ergonomics to design, little evidence was found in the ergonomics literature of support or guidance for designers of consumer products on either of these aspects. Two main routes to improving this input of ergonomics to design were identified: the use of ergonomics data and guidelines, and the use of ergonomics evaluation methods. This research focuses on these two routes to product design safety with the hypothesis that these inputs could be improved, eventually allowing better design safety to be realised. The aims of the research were therefore to investigate and improve these inputs. The first stage of the research considered the use of ergonomics data and guidelines in design. The limitations of ergonomics data and the barriers to effective knowledge transfer were identified. Work was undertaken to address these problems, in the first instance specifically for designers of children's products. This resulted in the production of "Childata”, a handbook of ergonomics data on children, and its production and content are described. Four thousand copies of this handbook have been published and distributed free of charge to industry by the DTI. The success of Childata has resulted in sibling publications on adults (now published) and the elderly (in preparation). The next stage of the research was to consider the use of ergonomics evaluation methods by designers. A review of the literature on ergonomics methods and on guidance for their use found that there was a dearth of practical advice for designers. Also, that most guidance on evaluation methods concentrates on usability with very little reference specifically to safety. The feasibility of producing guidance for designers to encourage their use of evaluation was therefore considered. A series of four product safety evaluations were undertaken, presented here as case studies, and these form the major experimental part of the research. The aim of the case studies was to investigate the most useful and common methods for evaluating product safety and to generalise these into guidance for designers ,as well as producing formal reports and recommendations for improvements in the safety of the individual products. The products investigated were swimming pool covers, carbonated drinks bottles, all terrain bicycles and stepladders. The case studies showed however that a diversity of methods were needed to carry out the evaluations, many of which were novel methods or which drew on a mixture of ergonomics, technical and market research expertise T he only commonality found was in the sequence of stages that each evaluation followed, namely the identification of the products' users and hazards, the setting of performance criteria and selection of measurement variables, and the subsequent choice of methods. T he initial concept behind the fundamental research to producing prescriptive advice on methods was therefore rejected. Instead a framework for a generic evaluation process was developed, based on the findings from the case studies and with reference to the literature. This framework formed the basis of a guidance document for designers: ‘Designing Safety Into Products'. This was also published and distributed to industry by the DTI. The publication establishes and encourages a generic evaluation process, but also concentrates on embedding ergonomics principles into the design process by exploring the relationship between evaluation and safety and stressing the need to move past the use of ergonomics data, as well as providing methodological guidance. The research reported in this thesis has shown that the problems with the transfer of knowledge and methods from the ergonomics discipline are long standing. The reasons for this are discussed and recommendations are made to improve the link between design and ergonomics, including furthering this pragmatic approach to empowering designers by the production of similar design tools. The research programme has been a pragmatic approach to improving ergonomics and safety in design: improving the accessibility of ergonomics data for designers and promoting ergonomics evaluation methods during the product development process. The publications that have resulted from the research represent pragmatic steps which it is hoped may make some contribution to the realisation of safety.
4
Hodges, Christopher John Stratford. "Safety in European Community product regulation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/safety-in-european-community-product-regulation(e4f1a670-a5f5-41c3-8b24-87b7f4a52774).html.
Full text
5
Misner, Scottie, and Evelyn Whitmer. "Egg and Egg Product Safety and Quality." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146664.
Full textAbstract:
2 pp.Revision of 1997 title by Meer and Misner
From 1988 to 1992, 66% of all food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella enteritidis involved eggs or foods containing eggs. Contamination of eggs may occur on the inside as well as the outside of the shell. This article outlines the proper refrigeration, cooking and handling methods to prevent most egg safety problems.
6
Habli, Ibrahim. "Model-based assurance of safety-critical product lines." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516613.
Full text
7
Sunley, J. A. "Developing a model for consumer product safety evaluation." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12248/.
Full textAbstract:
Safety enforcement practitioners within Europe and marketers, designers or manufacturers of consumer products need to determine compliance with the legal test of "reasonable safety" for consumer goods, to reduce the "risks" of injury to the minimum. To enable freedom of movement of products, a method for safety appraisal is required for use as an "expert" system of hazard analysis by non-experts in safety testing of consumer goods for implementation consistently throughout Europe. Safety testing approaches and the concept of risk assessment and hazard analysis are reviewed in developing a model for appraising consumer product safety which seeks to integrate the human factors contribution of risk assessment, hazard perception, and information processing. The model develops a system of hazard identification, hazard analysis and risk assessment which can be applied to a wide range of consumer products through use of a series of systematic checklists and matrices and applies alternative numerical and graphical methods for calculating a final product safety risk assessment score. It is then applied in its pilot form by selected "volunteer" Trading Standards Departments to a sample of consumer products. A series of questionnaires is used to select participating Trading Standards Departments, to explore the contribution of potential subjective influences, to establish views regarding the usability and reliability of the model and any preferences for the risk assessment scoring system used. The outcome of the two stage hazard analysis and risk assessment process is considered to determine consistency in results of hazard analysis, final decisions regarding the safety of the sample product and to determine any correlation in the decisions made using the model and alternative scoring methods of risk assessment. The research also identifies a number of opportunities for future work, and indicates a number of areas where further work has already begun.
8
Parmeza, Ditmar. "Cost and Efforts in Product Lines for Developing Safety Critical Products - An empirical study." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28598.
Full textAbstract:
Reuse processes are considered nowadays as a very advantageous and beneficial approach that is frequently used in several industrial environments. This fact has strongly motivated practitioners to rely on Software Product Line Engineering principles. Using product lines is associated with both cost savings and reduced efforts for development in industry. Moreover, many companies and domains develop products nowadays that need to be safety certified before they can be sold to customers. In this perspective, there is industrial effort spent on addressing functional safety in product lines in industry. Different cost modeling approaches have been proposed in existing literature for providing solutions on software product line effort estimations. The main problem is that there is little evidence of cases in literature where such approaches have been applied successfully in industrial domains. In addition to that, no established product line cost model has been found in existing literature that considers functional safety efforts in its estimations. In this thesis report, an empirical study is presented which has the main focus on the investigation of cost and efforts in industrial product lines for developing safety-critical products. Besides the literature study which highlights related work and existing cost-modeling approaches for product lines, three studies are conducted in order to provide evidence and findings for identifying cost and efforts attributed to safety-critical product line development in industrial domains. In the first study, semi-structured interviews are performed with practitioners and industrial experts at Volvo Construction Equipment. The structure of the interview study is influenced and inspired by the findings from the literature study on expert effort estimations and established product line cost models as well as the effort and cost areas they attribute to the overall product line effort. The main purpose of the interview study is to derive results on safety effort estimation based on the feedback provided by industrial experts regarding functional safety application in the construction equipment domain. The second study consists in a survey study which gathers information on how other domains (except Volvo CE) deal with functional safety in their product lines and aims to investigate functional safety effort in their product line development process. Finally, a documentation analysis (third conducted study) is performed at Volvo CE in order to provide more evidence for supporting the findings from case study 1. The main contribution of this thesis work consists in the following: An overall analysis of the findings and results derived from the three conducted studies was provided in order to identify and explain the cost areas that contribute in the overall functional safety effort attested in industrial product lines. Moreover, several functional safety-related issues and challenges are identified while analyzing the three studies. Highest focus during this analysis regards their impact on cost in the functional safety perspective. Finally, we provide solutions on how to reduce this impact on cost by explaining the interdependencies between different safety-related cost areas, as well. The most important contribution of the analysis consists in the conclusions drawn from the investigation of functional safety effort estimation in product lines in industry. Previously, performing the literature study did not bring to the identification of any cost-modelling technique or estimation approach that is considering functional safety effort estimation in industry. For this reason, the results derived based on the findings in our empirical study are crucial in this perspective. In addition, we propose guidelines on proposing a new estimation approach in the future which would combine principles from both formal cost-modelling techniques as well as expert-based estimation methods which rely on the industrial expertise and human experience. We derive different components for the total functional safety effort in product lines from the findings in our empirical study. Moreover, different safety-related scenarios in industry and include safety effort estimations for each of them. The biggest contribution is however on the directions given on how to estimate in practice each of the functional safety effort components. Such directions are currently missing in existing effort estimation methods. Finally, proposals on how to improve further our analysis on product line safety effort estimation are given. Furthermore, we explain what is needed in addition in order to propose and design a relevant safety-related product line effort estimation approach in the future.
9
Despotovski, Natali, and Sonja Vuletic. "A Product Development of Safety Car Seats for Children." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37041.
Full textAbstract:
Car accidents happens daily, and it is very important to protect all involved in a carno matter the age. Persons that are old enough and can take care of themselves, usescar seat belts to be protected in traffic. A child, however, must be placed andfastened in a safety seat by a parent or another caregiver, to be fully protected. Children that are correctly secured in safety seats have a 2.7 times bigger chance tosurvive a car crash without serious injuries compared to unstrained children (Berget al., 2000; WHO,2004). Regardless tests and safety seats that are available ontoday’s market, there are still issues that needs to be eliminated. Daily users of thisproduct are a good starting point since these people want a safe seat for their childthat can be easy to install and affordable; and they can best tell what issues theyencounter. Based on several scientific articles in a combination with interviews andobservations, issues with the safety seats could be confirmed. The primary issue isthe seat belt that is attached to the safety seat. Children can develop a habit ofwriggling out of the belt in safety seats. There are belt collectors available on themarket which holds the shoulder belts in place. In this way, it is harder for thechildren to slide out of the belt and helps to keep the belt properly positioned(BeSafe, 2018). Instead of having this as an accessory, it has been considered in thebelt that have been developed. Another issue is that the belt is complicated tofastened since two straps has to be simultaneously clicked in the belt buckle. If thisis done incorrectly, the belt cannot be fastened, and it takes time to try it again. Tomake this easier, two straps and the strap between the child's leg will be fastenedseparately in a seat buckle each. In this way, parents and other caregivers will beable to fasten the belt easy and properly. They will also be sure that the child issafely fastened and will minimize injury during an accident or another situation.
10
Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong : toys and children's products safety control /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787561.
Full text
11
Catchpoole, Jesani Mitsuko. "Developing and evaluating approaches for utilising injury data to support product safety initiatives." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82805/1/Jesani%20Mitsuko_Catchpoole_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing concern about consumer product-related injuries in Australia, product safety regulators need evidence-based research to understand risks and patterns to inform their decision making. This study analysed paediatric injury data to identify and quantify product-related injuries in children to inform product safety prioritisation. This study provides information on novel techniques for interrogating health data to identify trends and patterns in product-related injuries to inform strategic directions in this growing area of concern.
12
Armstrong, Florian Traci L., and Scottie Misner. "Food Product Dating and Storage Times." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/559563.
Full textAbstract:
Revised 06/2015; Originally published: 07/20063 pp.
Nutritious food is an important part of individual health and wellness. One way to ensure food is nutritious is to check the date on packages. The date is a guideline to help consumers use food when it is at its peak quality or before spoilage begins. Proper storage conditions and times are also essential in keeping healthy food safe to consume.
13
Salikiryaki, Aleksandra, and Iliana Petrova. "Graphical Approach for Variability Management in Safety-Critical Product Lines." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28580.
Full textAbstract:
The number and complexity of the systems realizing the functionality of the machines in the automotive domain are growing. In this arises the need for a systematic way to manage their development. As the technologies advance, the vehicles introduce an increasing range of capabilities. However, they have similar functions, which have the potential to be reused. One of the widely used approaches that manages the commonality and variability of the development artifacts in a systematic manner is Product Line Engineering (PLE). Consequently, PLE reduces the time to market and the development cost. The machines, realized in the automotive domain, interact with their operators and the surrounding environment. Possible malfunctions of the machines may introduce a risk of accidents with fatal consequences. Therefore, the products should be analyzed, developed and managed in a safe manner and certified according to different relevant safety standards like ISO 15998, ISO 61508 and ISO 26262. There is a diversity of functions in a Product Line (PL). Some of them are mandatory for all machines and others are optional for some models. This gives the opportunity to combine the functions in multiple configurations. However, not all combinations are possible due to dependencies among the functions. Furthermore, the configurations should be valid from a safety perspective, and the developed products should satisfy the requirements identified during the safety analysis. The above mentioned factors emphasize the need for explicit representation of the systems' characteristics, such as commonality and variability, functional dependencies and quality attributes. The purpose of the current work is to find an efficient way to satisfy this need. The scope of our research is limited to the automotive domain. In order to gain familiarity with the state of practice, we collaborated with Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) as an industrial partner. In particular, we: conducted an informal interview study with the practitioners, analyzed the requirements management tool used in Volvo CE and studied products typical for the domain in detail, examined the deliverables defined in the related domain specific safety standards. We gained knowledge on how variability is managed in an industrial context today, which safety aspects need to be considered and how functional safety artifacts are managed with regards to variability. We synthesized the characteristics that are explicitly represented during the development and safety certification of the products in a safety-critical product line. We identified the challenges that the practitioners meet today and the areas that need to be improved. As a result, we formulated evaluation criteria for search and assessment of possible solutions. Subsequently we searched in the literature for different modeling techniques, that are able to respond to the industrial needs, and found the following to be relevant in our context: Feature modeling techniques consider the different variability types and dependencies among the features. Model-based development techniques can represent different views of the system on each level of the development process. Orthogonal modeling techniques extract the variability and dependencies in a different view. Furthermore, we evaluated the methods found during the literature study, based on the proposed criteria. We concluded that the examined techniques alone cannot represent all characteristics needed to support the development of a safety-critical product line, especially the impact of the variability on the safety and vice versa. However, each of them focuses on the presentation of certain aspect of the product line, which can help in building a more complete representation. Thus we focused on the approaches that may be extended and integrated into a complete solution. As a result, we propose a model and graphical notation for variability management in safety-critical product lines, which takes the identified industrial needs into account. The concept is depicted graphically by several model-based diagrams, which represent the different aspects of the product line, on each development level. Special attention is paid to the representation of the safety and variability aspects of the systems. The method is exemplified on an industrial example, in order to show how it achieves the defined goals.
14
Zhang, Xiaodi. "Methods for Modeling of Product Lines for Safety-critical Systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-22017.
Full textAbstract:
Software product line engineering is a proposed methodology that enables software products and software-intensive systems to be developed at lower cost, higher quality and less time to market. The structured and managed artifacts reuse among different products in development is the main target of software product line engineering. As a key-method of the product line engineering approach, the commonality and variability analysis is a technique that identifies the potential artifacts for reuse. But the reuse poses challenges for delivering safety-critical products from the product line and achieving product line functional safety. In order to analyze the product line and provide more valuable information for its safety analysis, we make use of established product line modeling techniques, which model the product line commonality and variability from different perspectives. In this report, we investigate the product line modeling techniques. The product modeling analysis process covers two aspects: 1. Study different product line modeling techniques and find the ones suitable for product line modeling. We choose the modeling techniques that can be implemented to discuss in detail. 2. We implement the industrial wheel loader product line with two modeling techniques. Comprehensive models and detailed modeling process explanation are presented. The product line functional safety analysis covers three aspects: 1. Investigate the different safety analysis techniques and choose the fault tree analysis as the main technique. 2. Extend the single system fault tree to the product line fault tree. 3. Investigate the contributions of the product line modeling techniques to the product line functional safety analysis. Specifically, we map the product line models to the product line fault tree. Furthermore, we evaluate the product line modeling techniques from their performance in domain analysis and safety analysis.
15
Stivers, Andrew Edward. "Essays on strategies of product labeling." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035984.
Full text
16
Zakaria, Zalina. "Cosmetic safety regulations : a comparative study of Europe, the USA and Malaysia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cosmetic-safety-regulationsa-comparative-studyof-europe-the-usaand-malaysia(61936734-3118-4e89-986f-147211ec82cb).html.
Full textAbstract:
The need for product safety regulation is no longer a source of debate. It should be the primary aim in any consumer protection policy. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of consumer goods that are heterogeneous and more technologically advanced that are continually being introduced to consumers. Cosmetic products are currently one of the most popular consumer products. Their increase in sales is evident globally including in developing countries. They are no longer solely associated with women but are being used by all people, of all ages. With such popularity, cosmetics producers are eager to make a profit, which sometimes has resulted in the introduction of cosmetics which are not safe and cause adverse effects. This suggests that there might be a loophole in the adequacy of the safety laws or regulations. The possibility of these safety issues occurring anywhere is generally acknowledged, which makes it a global issue. Although such cases are not as frequent as for other consumer goods such as foods or pharmaceuticals, there is a need to investigate the cosmetics safety mechanisms in order to see if consumers are adequately protected and if the safety mechanisms for cosmetics are efficient. In realising this aim, the study takes three jurisdictions to compare, namely the EU, the USA and Malaysia. Through analysis, the ideal features of cosmetics regulations based on the larger picture of safety regulation generally are also considered. This study contrasts the EU and Malaysia, that have in place government regulation of cosmetics, with the USA that has a different regime for cosmetics, more dependent on self-regulation. Out of the three, Malaysia is the newest country that has introduced a new law on cosmetic products and this has been adopted from the EU model. Although discussions on cosmetic regulations have been undertaken in Malaysia, the legal safety issues to which they give rise have not been investigated systematically in comparison with the EU and the USA. Even in these jurisdictions cosmetics safety is not discussed as much as other consumer products. This thesis also investigates why Malaysia has adopted the EU policy and not some other policy such as the American one. Once the above issues have been considered, the impact of the new emerging technology of nano-cosmetics is analysed. The thesis found that, Malaysia, as with any newly introduced system, has experienced some setbacks and encountered teething problems due to a lack of resources, structure, technical facilities and qualified personnel. However, as a developing nation, it certainly has benefited from the adoption of the EU system. Although there is still much room for improvement, this borrowing has benefited consumers, in so far as safety is concerned, because of the common and standard safety assessments and the responsibility of safety now being placed on the manufacturers. Consumers can also enjoy more products due to the elimination of trade barriers through free movement and cooperation between member states
17
Wong, Kwai-shim. "A study of corporate crime control on the supply of unsafe toys and children's products in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649518.
Full text
18
Alarcon, Ruiz Raul. "Augmented Reality for the Enhancement of Space Product Assurance and Safety." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671556.
Full textAbstract:
Un nombre creixent d’empreses de la indústria aeroespacial ja lideren projectes per desplegar la realitat augmentada (RA) per millorar el rendiment del lloc de treball, la transferència de coneixement i la productivitat de la força de treball. Paral·lelament, les agències nacionals i internacionals aeroespacials, com l'Agència Espacial Europea (ESA), estan realitzant estudis per avaluar l'aplicació de RA per millorar la qualitat i la rendibilitat de les missions espacials.Aquesta tesi presenta els resultats d’un estudi realitzat per avaluar la maduresa i el valor comercial potencial de l’AR per a la seva aplicació a les activitats de seguretat i seguretat dels productes espacials. Amb aquest propòsit, es va realitzar una enquesta en línia i entrevistes amb professionals de la seguretat i la garantia del producte. A més, proporciona una revisió detallada dels requisits de casos d’ús de la indústria espacial i del nivell de preparació per a la maduresa dels components tecnològics potencialment implicats. Les conclusions indiquen que la maduresa de molts components que permeten la RA pot no satisfer plenament els requisits de la indústria espacial, mentre que, al mateix temps, hi ha un gran potencial d’impacte i beneficis a llarg termini de la introducció de la RA.Per demostrar l’aplicació de la RA en el camp de la garantia de productes espacials, es va desenvolupar i validar un demostrador de proves de concepte implementant els principals escenaris de casos d’ús derivats de la investigació.Un número creciente de empresas de la industria aeroespacial ya están liderando proyectos para implementar la Realidad Aumentada (AR) para mejorar su desempeño en el lugar de trabajo, la transferencia de conocimientos y la productividad de la fuerza laboral. Paralelamente, las agencias nacionales e internacionales del sector aeroespacial, como la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA), están realizando estudios para evaluar la aplicación de la RA para mejorar la calidad y la rentabilidad de las misiones espaciales.Esta tesis presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado para evaluar la madurez y el valor comercial potencial de la RA para su aplicación en actividades de garantía y seguridad de productos espaciales. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta en línea y entrevistas con profesionales de garantía y seguridad del producto. Además, proporciona una revisión detallada de los requisitos de los casos de uso de la industria espacial y el nivel de madurez de los componentes tecnológicos potencialmente involucrados. Los hallazgos indican que la madurez de muchos componentes que permiten la RA puede no satisfacer completamente los requisitos de la industria espacial, mientras que, al mismo tiempo, existe un gran potencial de impacto y beneficios a largo plazo de la introducción de la RA.Para demostrar la aplicación de la RA en el campo de la garantía de productos espaciales, se desarrolló y validó un demostrador de prueba de concepto mediante la implementación de los principales escenarios de casos de uso derivados de la investigación.
A growing number of companies in the aerospace industry are already leading projects to deploy Augmented Reality (AR) to improve their workplace performance, knowledge transfer, as well as workforce productivity. In parallel, national and international agencies in aerospace, such as the European Space Agency (ESA), are running studies to evaluate the application of AR to enhance the quality and cost effectiveness of space missions. This thesis presents the results of a study performed to assess the maturity and potential business value of AR for application to space product assurance and safety activities. For this purpose, an on-line survey and interviews with product assurance and safety professionals were conducted. Moreover, it provides a detailed review of space industry use case requirements and the maturity readiness level of potentially involved technology components. Findings indicate that maturity of many components enabling AR may not fully satisfy the space industry’s requirements, while, at the same time, there is great potential for impact and long-term benefits from AR introduction. In order to demonstrate the application of AR in the field of space product assurance, a proof of concept demonstrator was developed and validated by implementing the main use case scenarios derived from the research.
19
Misner, Scottie, Carol Curtis, and Ralph Meer. "Food Product Dating and Storage Times." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146453.
Full textAbstract:
2 pp.With the exception of infant formula and baby food, product dating is not required by federal regulations. There is no uniform system used for food dating by manufacturers in the U.S. Although dating of some foods is required by more than 20 states, some states do not require any date codes. This publication is a brief guide for how to read food dating, which includes; types of dates, safety after dates expire, changing dates, dating of infant formula and baby food, can codes, dates on egg cartons, and storage times.
20
Andersson, Robin, and Robert Timalm. "Development and simulation of a safety bracket for a safety system." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Industriell produktutveckling, produktion och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49324.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis report aims to help the client developing their new product. The new product to be developed is a safety bracket for a safety system. The safety bracket connects different parts which create the safety system and it should be able to withstand impacts from moving objects. The client has a set of requirements that needs to be addressed during the product development process. One of the most important requirements that must be fulfilled is the given impact energy that the safety bracket must withstand. The methodology used during this thesis work is the product development processes (PDP). The product development process is used to find concepts that have the potential to answer the research questions and to fulfil the requirements. Some methods used in the product development process are brainstorming, brainwriting and combining working principles. The concepts were evaluated with a combination of Pugh´s matrix and weighting matrix. The three best concepts were selected for further development and tested with FEA simulation with Abaqus CAE. The impact simulation gave indications if the concepts could handle the impact energy and if they could fulfil the requirements. All three concepts could withstand the impact energy based on the simulations and most of the requirements could be fulfilled. The concepts with thinner profile walls had a reduction in stress and an increase in impact duration, where the kinetic energy is distributed throughout the impact. A protective shell helps with the reduction of stress and the energy absorption during the impact simulation.
21
Ten, Joon Yoon. "The integration of safety and health aspects in chemical product design framework." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48711/.
Full textAbstract:
Computer aided molecular design (CAMD) is a powerful technique to design molecules or chemical mixtures that fulfil a set of desirable target properties as specified by users. Molecular physical and thermodynamic properties are selected as the target properties to ensure that the designed molecules can achieve the property functionalities. However, the aspects of safety and health are not strongly emphasised as design objectives in many CAMD problems. In order to ensure that the synthesised molecule does not cause much harm and health-related risks to the consumers, it is critical to integrate both safety and health aspects as design factors in the current CAMD approaches. The main focus of this research is to develop a novel chemical product design methodology that integrates the concept of inherent safety and occupational health aspects in a CAMD framework. The generated molecules that are optimised with respect to the target properties must be evaluated in terms of their safety and health performance. The assessment is conducted by safety and health-related parameters/sub-indexes that have significant adverse impact on both aspects. This proposed approach ensures that a product that possesses the desirable properties, and at the same time meets the safety and health criteria, is produced. The next focus of this research is to generate optimal molecules with the desired functionalities and favourable safety and health attributes in a single-stage CAMD framework. Besides target properties, the concept of inherent safety and health is also considered as design objective to ensure that the synthesised molecules are simultaneously optimised with regards to both criteria. Fuzzy optimisation approach is applied to optimise these two principal design criteria in this work. As molecular properties are utilised as the parameters to examine the safety and health features of the molecules, these properties are often estimated through property prediction models. This research also focuses on the management of uncertainty resulted from properties used in the sub-indexes. The quantification of uncertainty helps to revise the safety and health measurement so that it can better reflect the inherent hazard level of the molecules. The fourth focus of this research is to address the limitations present in the current method of molecular hazard quantification. The enhancement is carried out by adopting the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach in the safety and health assessment. Two case studies on solvent design are considered to demonstrate the presented methodologies.
22
Venneti, Vikram V. "Texpert-expert system for evaluating product design for worker's safety and health." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=679.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 161 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-161).
23
Castro, Luísa Margarida Narciso Alves Tavares de. "Pharmacovigilance and the safety of veterinary medicinal products." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16693.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaPharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine has developed considerably in the recent years. The increase in legislation in the area of veterinary medicinal products, as well as the increased awareness of the veterinarian regarding the need to report the adverse events observed during the use of the medicines in the animals in his care, has led to an increase in the number of cases reported at European level. For the preparation of this master's dissertation, a review was made of the existing published references on the subject of pharmacovigilance, namely the legal framework, the requirements for the marketing authorization holder of the veterinary medicinal product as well as for the veterinarian prescribing the medicines to the animals which are under her/his responsibility and treatment. Signal management is currently considered the best way to carry out drug surveillance and it follows a specific methodology. Signal management is the pillar of the future legislation on veterinary medicinal products as well as human medicines. In this study the European pharmacovigilance systems, France, Portugal, Spain, UK, are analysed and compared because although having the same legislative frame, each one has different particularities. There is also a reflection about the underreporting of adverse events by veterinarians and some measures that can improve notification, such as use of new technologies and improvement in the feedback to reporter, among others. Whether as a clinician, as veterinarian working in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in the competent authorities, the veterinary professional is essential in the veterinary pharmacovigilance system, the continuous monitoring of veterinary medicinal products, maintaining the positive benefit-risk balance and in the protection of animal health and food safety.
RESUMO - Farmacovigilância e a segurança dos medicamentos veterinários - A farmacovigilância em medicina veterinária tem-se desenvolvido bastante nos últimos anos. O aumento de legislação na área do medicamento veterinário, bem como a maior sensibilização do médico veterinário para a necessidade de reportar os eventos adversos observados aquando da utilização do medicamento veterinário nos animais que estão a seu cuidado, têm resultado num aumento no número de casos reportados a nível europeu. Para a elaboração desta dissertação de mestrado foi feita uma revisão das publicações existentes sobre o assunto da farmacovigilância nomeadamente o enquadramento legal, os requisitos para o titular de autorização de introdução no mercado do medicamento veterinário, bem como para o médico veterinário que prescreve os medicamentos aos animais que tem sob sua responsabilidade e tratamento. Atualmente considera-se que a gestão de sinais é a melhor forma para realizar a vigilância dos medicamentos e esta segue uma metodologia específica. A gestão de sinais dos eventos adversos é o pilar da futura legislação quer do medicamento veterinário, quer do medicamento de uso humano. Neste estudo os sistemas de farmacovigilância europeus, como de Espanha, França, Portugal e Reino Unido, são analisados e comparados, pois tendo como base a mesma moldura legislativa europeia, cada um deles tem as suas particularidades. Também se faz uma reflexão sobre a subnotificação de eventos adversos por parte dos veterinários e algumas medidas que podem melhorar a notificação, como a utilização das novas tecnologias e uma melhoria nas respostas que se dão aos notificantes, entre outras. Seja como médico veterinário clínico, como médico veterinário profissional do sector farmacêutico, bem como membro nas autoridades competentes, a figura do médico veterinário é fundamental no sistema de farmacovigilância veterinária, na monitorização contínua dos medicamentos veterinários, na manutenção do benefício-risco positivo e na proteção da saúde animal e segurança alimentar.
N/A
24
Oliveira, André Luiz de. "A model-based approach to support the systematic reuse and generation of safety artefacts in safety-critical software product line engineering." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-22112016-161607/.
Full textAbstract:
Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) has been proven to reduce development and maintenance costs, improving the time-to-market, and increasing the quality of product variants developed from a product family via systematic reuse of its core assets. SPLE has been successfully used in the development of safety-critical systems, especially in automotive and aerospace domains. Safety-critical systems have to be developed according to safety standards, which demands safety analysis, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and assurance cases safety engineering artefacts. However, performing safety analysis, FTA, and assurance case construction activities from scratch and manually for each product variant is time-consuming and error-prone, whereas variability in safety engineering artefacts can be automatically managed with the support of variant management techniques. As safety is context-dependent, context and design variation directly impact in the safety properties changing hazards, their causes, the risks posed by these hazards to system safety, risk mitigation measures, and FTA results. Therefore, managing variability in safety artefacts from different levels of abstraction increases the complexity of the variability model, even with the support of variant management techniques. To achieve an effective balance between benefits and complexity in adopting an SPLE approach for safety-critical systems it is necessary to distinguish between reusable safety artefacts, whose variability should be managed, and those that should be generated from the reused safety artefacts. On the other hand, both industry and safety standards have recognized the use of model-based techniques to support safety analysis and assurance cases. Compositional safety analysis, design optimization, and model-based assurance cases are examples of techniques that have been used to support the generation of safety artefacts required to achieve safety certification. This thesis aims to propose a model-based approach that integrates model-based development, compositional safety analysis, and variant management techniques to support the systematic reuse and generation of safety artefacts in safety-critical software product line engineering. The approach contributes to reduce the effort and costs of performing safety analysis and assessment for a particular product variant, since such analysis is performed from the reused safety artefacts. Thus, variant-specific fault trees, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and assurance case artefacts required to achieve safety certification can be automatically generated with the support the model-based safety analysis and assurance case construction techniques.Engenharia de Linha de Produtos de Software (ELPS) contribui para a redução dos custos de desenvolvimento e de manutenção, a melhoria do time-to-market, e o aumento da qualidade de produtos desenvolvidos a partir de uma família de produtos por meio do reuso sistemático dos ativos principais da linha de produtos. A ELPS vem sendo utilizada com sucesso no desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados críticos, especificamente nos domínios de sistemas automotivos e aeroespaciais. Sistemas embarcados críticos devem ser desenvolvidos de acordo com os requisitos definidos em padrões de segurança, que demandam a produção de artefatos de análise de segurança, árvores de falhas e casos de segurança. Entretanto, a realização de atividades de análise de segurança, análise de árvores de falhas e construção de casos de segurança de forma manual para cada produto de uma linha de produtos é uma tarefa demorada e propensa a erros. O gerenciamento de variabilidade em artefatos de análise de segurança pode ser automatizado com o apoio de técnicas de gerenciamento de variabilidades. Em virtude de safety ser uma propriedade dependente de contexto, a variabilidade no projeto e contexto inerente uma linha de produtos software impacta na definição de propriedades de segurança do sistema, modificando as ameaças à segurança do sistema, suas causas e riscos, medidas de mitigação aplicáveis, e resultados de análise de árvore de falhas. Dessa forma, gerenciar variabilidades em artefatos relacionados à safety em diferentes níveis de abstração aumenta a complexidade do modelo de variabilidade mesmo com o apoio de técnicas de gerenciamento de variabilidades. Para alcançar o equilíbrio eficaz entre os benefícios e a complexidade da adoção de uma abordagem de ELPS para o desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados críticos é necessário fazer a distinção entre artefatos de safety reusáveis, em que a variabilidade deve ser gerenciada, e artefatos de safety que devem ser gerados a partir de artefatos reusáveis. Por outro lado, tanto a indústria quanto os padrões de segurança têm reconhecido o uso de técnicas dirigidas a modelos para apoiar a análise segurança e a construção de casos de segurança. Técnicas de análise de segurança composicional e otimização de projeto, e de construção de casos de segurança dirigido a modelos vêm sendo utilizadas para apoiar a geração de artefatos de safety requeridos para certificação. O objetivo desta tese é a proposta de uma abordagem dirigida a modelos que integra técnicas de desenvolvimento dirigido a modelos, análise de segurança composicional e otimização de projeto, e construção de casos de segurança dirigido a modelos para apoiar o reuso sistemático e a geração de artefatos de safety em engenharia de linhas de produtos de sistemas embarcados críticos. A abordagem proposta reduz o esforço e os custos de análise e avaliação de segurança para produtos de uma linha de produtos, uma vez que tal análise é realizada a partir de artefatos de safety reusados. Assim, artefatos como análises de árvores de falhas e de modos de falha e efeitos, e casos de segurança requeridos para certificação podem ser gerados automaticamente com o apoio de técnicas dirigidas a modelos.
25
Wergeland, Oscar, and Astrid Mehlberg. "The value of Health and Safety aspects in Product-Service Systems : A case study based on the manufacturing industry." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68487.
Full textAbstract:
Companies are expected to reduce the impact on society caused by its operations while at the same time, generate profit for its stakeholders. One way to satisfy both parts is by creating shared values. As the trend of servitization becomes more popular the ability of Product-Service Systems (PSS) to deliver additional value to customers arises. PSS provides an opportunity for developing a sustainable business model to benefit both the society and the stakeholders. A sustainable PSS can be based on the Triple Bottom Line dimensions, environment, economic, and social. Since the economic and environmental advantages have already been studied for PSS:s, the social aspect is yet to be studied in detail. This thesis focuses on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) theme of the social dimension, for PSS:s. Both the ability to improve the social dimension performance and the role it plays in the value proposition for PSS:s were studied. The thesis has been based on a case study on one company in a Business to Business market. It was found that customers seldom demanded or mentioned health and safety aspects for PSS:s, even when an increase of OSH was achieved by the PSS. However, it could also be concluded that all interviewed thought OSH was important for the company and the employees but there were divided opinions regarding OSH, if it would be put in the value proposition or not. By analysing the customer situation and how it operates, companies should use the customizability of PSS:s to better match their requirements and thus develop the value proposition for the PSS. Cost estimations for accidents have been done which showed that one single accident can cause very high costs. It is a good investment to prevent risks which should be communicated when selling PSS:s. Furthermore, it is important to communicate both internally within the firm, and externally to customers, about what health and safety benefits the PSS will contribute with.Företag förväntas att reducera påfrestningarna på samhället och miljön orsakade av deras verksamhet och samtidigt fortsätta generera värde till dess intressenter. Ett sätt att tillgodose båda parter är genom att skapa så kallade delade värden. Då trenden att tjänstefiera blir mer och mer populär finns det möjlighet för ett så kallat Produkt-Service System (PSS) att leverera mervärde till kunderna. PSS ger en möjlighet att utveckla en hållbar affärsmodell som gynnar både samhället och intressenterna. Ett hållbart PSS kan grundas på de tre byggstenarna för Triple Bottom Line, miljö, ekonomi och samhälle. Då de ekonomiska och miljömässiga fördelarna redan har studerats för PSS fokuserar denna studie på hur konceptet står sig för den samhälleliga aspekten. I denna rapport studeras arbetshälsa och säkerhet för PSS, både möjligheten att förbättra den samhälleliga aspekten i Triple Bottom Line samt vilken roll dessa värden spelar för en värdepropositionering för PSS. Rapporten har baserats på en fallstudie på ett företag inom marknaden för Business till Business. Det konstaterades att kunderna sällan efterfrågar eller nämner hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter i förhandlingar om PSS, även när en ökning av arbetshälsa och säkerhet uppnåddes. Hur som helst tyckte alla intervjuade att arbetshälsa och säkerhet var viktigt för företag och anställda men det var trots detta delade meningar om det borde vara en del av värdepropositioneringen eller inte. Genom att analysera kundernas situation och hur de arbetar borde företag använda anpassningsbarheten av PSS för att bättre matcha kundernas önskemål och således utveckla värdepropositioneringen för PSS. Kostnadsberäkningar för olyckor har genomförts som visar att en enskild olycka kan orsaka mycket höga kostnader. Det är en god investering att förebygga risker vilket borde kommuniceras vid försäljning av PSS:s. Det är viktigt att både kommunicera internt inom företaget samt externt till kunderna om de hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter som PSS bidrar med.
26
Shrestha, Subash. "Ensuring Microbial Safety in Food Product/Process Development: Alternative Processing of Meat Products and Pathogen Survival in Low-Salt Cheddar Cheese." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1163.
Full textAbstract:
Most outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States occur as a result of improper food-handling and preparation practices in homes or food establishments. Some food-safety recommendations that are difficult to incorporate into handling and cooking procedures have contributed to a gap between food-safety knowledge and the actual behavior. The first part (Chapter 3, 4) of this study sought to ensure microbial safety by establishing alternative processing of meat products that can be easily practiced by food-operators and consumers. In Chapter 3, a novel method was developed to thaw frozen chicken-breast by submersion in hot water at 60 °C, an appropriate temperature setting for foodservice hot-holding equipment. This method is rapid (compared to either refrigerator or cold-water thawing that also uses a significant amount of water), safe, and the final cooked-product sensory-quality was not different from refrigerator-thawed and cooked product (microwave thawing results in localized overheating). Chapter 4 developed marinade-cooking (91 °C) and holding (60 °C) procedures for hamburger-patties. Frozen patties were partially grilled and finished cooking in marinade. The moderate temperature of marinade cooking overcomes the chances of thick-patties being surface-overcooked while innermost portions remain undercooked as seen in high-temperature cooking methods (grilling and pan-frying). Consumers liked the marinade-finished cooked and held patties (up to 4 h) equally or more (holding-time dependent) compared to patties grilled and held in a hot-steam cabinet.
Reducing salt in perishable foods including cheese is microbial-safety concern especially in their distribution and storage. The second part (Chapter 5, 6) of this study sought to evaluate microbial safety of low-salt hard-type cheese. Aged Cheddar cheeses were inoculated with either Listeria monocytogenes (3.5 log CFU/g) or Salmonella spp. (4.0 log CFU/g) and their survival or growth was monitored at 4, 10, and 21°C for up to 90, 90, and 30 d, respectively. Low-salt (0.7% NaCl) Cheddar formulated at pH 5.1 or 5.7 exhibited no-growth or gradual reduction in L. monocytogenes and Salmonella counts. The results suggest that low-salt Cheddar is as safe as its full-salt counterparts (1.8% NaCl) and that salt may only be a minor food-safety hurdle regarding the post-aging contamination and growth of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella.
27
Liu, Jing. "Safety analysis of software product lines using state-based modeling and compositional model checking." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Find full text
28
Vogel, Marlene, Mathias Willner, Christian Wölfel, and Jens Krzywinski. "User Experience Design für Sicherheitstechnik: Ansatz und Methodik bei Dräger Safety." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36921.
Full textAbstract:
Bei der Produktentwicklung von B2B-Produkten erhält das Nutzererleben (User Experience – UX) eine zunehmende Bedeutung (Lu & Roto 2015, Wölfel et al. 2016, Platz et al. 2018, Zeiner et al. 2018, Wölfel & Krzywinski 2019a, b). Dies gilt auch für die Angebote des Unternehmensbereichs Sicherheitstechnik von Dräger. Das Unternehmen entwickelt u. a. Produkte für die Feuerwehr, die chemische Industrie oder den Bergbau (Abbildungen 1 und 2). Das Ziel sind sicher, effizient und zufriedenstellend zu bedienende Produkte, Software und Services. Im Rahmen der kontinuierlichen Nutzer- und Kundenevaluation stellt sich eine gute Usability und User Experience als immer wichtiger werdende Anforderungen heraus, welche es zufriedenstellend zu erfüllen gilt. Sie haben zunehmend Einfluss auf die Kaufentscheidung von Anwendern und Kunden in der Sicherheitstechnik. Die Produkte heben sich nicht mehr allein durch ihre Funktionalität vom Wettbewerb ab. Um den nutzer- und kundenorientierten Anforderungen über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus in Zukunft noch besser gerecht zu werden, wurden die aktuellen Prozesse analysiert und der Produktdesignprozess hin zu einem nutzerzentrierten UX-Design-Prozess reformiert. Dabei ist die Integration von UX Research und Design in die Produktentwicklung einer der wichtigsten Bestandteile.
29
Goliath, Venecia Patricia. "A descriptive overview of product regulation in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7784.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Commercii - MComThe private market, if left to its own devices, often fails to achieve economic and social efficiency. Some of the problems relate to the existence of externalities, the inability to provide public _..goodsand services, lack of information and failure to achieve other objectives such as greater equality, sustainable economic growth, higher levels of employment and stable. prices. It is these instances of market failure that provide the major justification for government intervention in the market.
30
Rubenking, Brian Harold. "Market forces and aircraft safety: a daily stock market return analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45178.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between market forces and product safety in the context of the commercial passenger air travel market was investigated. The analysis was based on a detailed review of the events surrounding three airline accidents, each resulting in a substantial number of fatalities, and the subsequent investigations.
The presence or absence of statistically significant market impacts of the accidents on aircraft manufacturers and airlines was determined using a combination of event analysis and the market model of modern finance theory. For a period following each accident, daily and cumulative abnormal stock market returns (i.e., returns not explained by pre-accident market trends) were calculated for the three domestic commercial aircraft manufacturers, the airline involved, and the major airline carrier industry.
The results indicated that market forces exist that provide an incentive for manufacturers and airlines to devote resources to product safety, even though it is not possible for consumers to rationally evaluate the level of safety being provided, due to the inherent complexity of the products. The calculated market impacts generally conformed to expectations, in terms of sign and significance, and varied depending on the primary cause of a particular accident. However, the results with respect to the individual airlines involved in each accident did not support the hypotheses in several cases, indicating that other market, regulatory, or judicial factors may have had an impact on the calculated abnormal stock market returns.
A description of the background theory, the methodology used, and the detailed results is included.Master of Arts
31
Kastner, Sabine. "The inoculum of the cassava product attiéké : microbiological diversity, impact on product quality and safety, and development of a controlled fermentation process /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18099.
Full text
32
Wikström, Magnus. "Safety solution for the powerlifting squat : Improving the safety for lifters and spotters in competition." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80428.
Full textAbstract:
In powerlifting the athletes compete to lift as much weight as possible in the squat, bench press and deadlift, pushing their bodies to extreme levels of strength. When lifting heavy weights, safety becomes an important concern, especially where the lifters can get injured by the barbell if a lift is unsuccessful. Today in the squat, the only safety mechanism available are the spotters, a team of officials who surround the lifter during competition. This product development project aims to improve the safety of lifters and spotters in competition. This project followed the CDIO process model, going through the four phases of conceive, design, implement, and operate. Using literature review, interviews, observations, ergonomic analysis, fault tree analysis gave insights and information, which then were comprised into a Product Design Specification. The design phase included idea generation using creative sessions, resulting a lot of ideas on how the problems could be solved. In the subsequent phases the ideas were developed using CAD, evaluated using FEM and usability testes, and narrowed down using the PDS. The result is a feasible conceptual solution that, with minimal changes on use improve the safety for lifters and spotters. The concept accomplishes this with mechanical barriers in the form of straps. The straps are mounted to steel beams that attaches to the uprights of the rack and reaches over the athlete, enclosing the barbell. The concept also includes a pair of extension legs, which attaches to the base of the rack, increasing the size of the footprint and provide additional stability. The solution is made to be retrofitted to already existing combo racks made by Eleiko. Key features of the concepts are the straps passively adjust in height when adjusting the height of the rack and the straps accommodate lifters with different grip widths when the rack is in the folded in position.I styrkelyft tävlar atleter i att lyfta så mycket vikt som möjligt i delgrenarna, knäböj, bänkpress och marklyft. Det göra att lyftarna pressar sina kroppar till extrema nivåer av styrka. När tunga vikter ska lyftas är säkerheten alltid en angelägenhet, speciellt med tanke på följderna av klämmas under en skivstång. I dagsläget finns det en säkerhetsmekanism för knäböj på en styrkelyftstävling. Klovarna, de funktionärer som omringar lyftaren på podiet har i uppgift att fånga vikten och hjälpa lyftaren tillbaka i racken om något går fel. Misslyckas dem med sin uppgift kan det ge ödesdigra konsekvenser. Målet med det här produktutvecklingsprojektet är att lösa det problemet och följaktligen att förbättra säkerheten för både lyftare och klovare på tävling. Projektet har använt processmodellen CDIO, en linjär process som består av fyra steg, conceive, design, implement och operate. Under conceive-fasen undersöktes problemet noggrannare. Med stöd av resultaten från litteraturstudier, intervjuer, observationer, ergonomisk analys och felträdsanalys upprättades en designspecifikation. Efter det genererades idéer i kreativa sessioner, vilket resulterade i ett brett spektrum av idéer och möjliga lösningar. I följande faser utvecklades idéerna till koncept med hjälp av CAD. De tidiga koncepten utvärderades sedan med FEM och användartester och skalades ner till ett slutgiltigt koncept med designspecifikationen som utgångspunkt. Resultatet av projektet är en konceptuell produktlösning, som med minimal påverkan på lyftare och klovare ökar säkerheten i knäböj. Konceptet åstadkommer det med nylonremmar som agerar mekaniska barriärer för skivstången. Remmarna sitter fast i en stålbalk som sträcker sig över lyftaren och monteras i stolparna på racket. Konceptet innehåller också ett par förlängningsben som fästs i basen av det befintliga racket. De förbättrar stabiliteten för racket genom att utöka fotavtrycket. Konceptet är tänkt att eftermonteras på befintliga styrkelyftsställningar från Eleiko. Nyckelfunktioner för konceptet är den passiva höjdjusteringen, höjden på remmarna justeras automatiskt när höjden på ställningen ställs in för lyftare av olika längd. Konceptet tillåter även att lyftare att knäböja med brett grepp om stången och infällt rack obehindrat då remmarna inte kommer i vägen för armarna.
33
Gallucci, Antonio. "Building a safety case for a small sized product line of Fuel Level Display Systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-22373.
Full textAbstract:
ISO 26262 is an international standard valid for the automotive domain. It regulates all the activities to perform for developing safety critical systems in such domain. To be compliant with ISO 26262, all the required activities have to be performed and all the required work products have to be provided. Furthermore, in addition to develop a system in a safe way, following the safety standard guidelines, the achieved safety has also to be demonstrated. This is done through a safety case, a structured argument showing that a system is acceptably safe. ISO 26262 focuses on single systems and does not contain guidelines for product lines. Product line engineering is a valid approach to systematize reuse, aimed at reducing the effort needed to develop similar systems. But, it loses its strength when dealing with safety critical systems, since it is not aligned with safety standards. Hence, when developing a safety critical product line in the automotive domain, the work products required by ISO 26262 have to be provided every time from scratch, including the safety case, for each single system of the product line. This thesis work focuses on providing an approach for building and modeling a safety case for safety critical product lines in the automotive domain. Furthermore, the considered product line engineering approach is aligned with ISO 26262, through the inclusion of safety activities in the product line development process. Giving in this way, the concrete possibility to overtake to the current limitations, reducing the effort needed to develop and certificate each single system of a safety critical product line. To illustrate the validity of the proposed approach a safety critical product line developed by Scania is used as case study.
34
Kwan, Yee-wan Elsa, and 關綺雲. "A case study of corporate crime control in Hong Kong: toys and children's products safety control." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977674.
Full text
35
Barakat, Reem K. "Shelf life, microbial ecology, and safety of a cooked modified atmosphere packaged refrigerated poultry product." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ33295.pdf.
Full text
36
McMullin, James A. "Made in China policy analysis and prescriptions to improve China's consumer product safety regulatory regime." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FMcMullin.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Weiner, Robert ; Looney, Robert. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available in print.
37
Hansen, Lans. "Desirable impact : an exploration of how design for desirability can enhance a forecast snowboarding safety product." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1328.
Full textAbstract:
With origins in skateboard and surfing culture, snowboarding has grown to become a mainstream recreational and professional sport, officially recognized in the Olympic Games. This popularity can be attributed to several factors, including the sub-culture of rebellion and self-expression it embodies and the daring, dynamic aerial maneuvers and stunts often portrayed in the media. However, the sport also exposes participants to a well-documented injury pattern, with injuries rates typically twice as frequent as those seen in skiing. While a number of studies have shown existing snowboarding safety products reduce the risk of injury, these readily available products are not widely used among participants who view them as “uncool” and “unnecessary”. Exploring how affective features and attributes can improve the desirability of a forecast snowboarding personal protective equipment (PPE) product, this thesis proposes that a primary requirement for these products must be desirability - to make attractive, to create a positive impression, to strengthen ones identity and engender appreciation. Responding to these emotional needs, this thesis presents a proposal for a product designed to enhance user-experience, challenging the current philosophy of safety products and their ‘uncool’ perceptions.
38
Li, Shu <1989>. "The Quest for Product Safety in the Context of 3D Printing: A Law and Economics Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9625/1/Shu%20Li-Thesis%20%26%20Frontespizio.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The trend of digitalisation in recent years has an increasing influence on every aspect
of our society. In the domain of production, with the adoption of 3D printing, a product
now can be directly fabricated from a CAD file. This transformation not only lowers
the threshold of production, thus enabling ordinary people to engage in production
activities, but also drives consumers to take a proactive role in directing the process of
production by serving as the coordinators between CAD file designers and object
fabricators.
The transformation that 3D printing has caused is challenging the incumbent legal
regime, which is significantly affected by traditional mass production. This research
offers a law and economics explanation for the trade-offs involving the value added
and risk generated by 3D printing. It explores the extent to which various legal
instruments could be organised to maximise social welfare considering the risk
generated by 3D printing. The thesis further provides some implications for the EU
legislative framework of the digital single market in the context of 3D printing.
One of the main instruments to deal with product risk is contractual relation. The
socially optimal outcome is achieved provided that consumers can communicate
smoothly with CAD file designers or fabricators smoothly and that they have a solid
understanding of safety information. This thesis explains that under specific business
models, contracting over product risk fails to provide contractual parties with optimal
incentives. Contracting over product risk is not an efficient instrument in the scenario
where consumers obtain a CAD file from an open-source platform and then have a
non-professional print the file. In contrast, when production is organised in a way
characterised by customisation, contractual parties will be induced to behave more
appropriately.
This thesis further shifts to examine the efficiency of tort liability in the context of 3D
printing. Tort liability targets producers in the scenario of traditional mass production.
Since producers are considered to be the party who can reduce accidents at the lowest
cost and who have the capacity to spread the losses, they are required to bear the
residual liability and are thus exposed to strict liability. In the context of 3D printing,
in a situation where digital designing and physical fabrication are accomplished by a
single entity (i.e. under the so-called “one-stop business model”), applying strict
liability might still be desirable. In contrast, for most other business models (i.e.
production organised in the so-called “separation models”), because accidents are not
unilateral - which means that CAD file designers, fabricators and even consumers may
contribute to the damage - it is difficult to define the most suitable party who can
efficiently reduce accidents and spread losses. Therefore, the analysis in this thesis
indicates that the expansion of strict liability shall not be encouraged.
Other legal instruments assessed in this thesis are regulations and platform
governance. Information regulations shall be encouraged in the context of 3D printing,
because they could reduce information asymmetry to some extent and thus improve
the decision-making of stakeholders. In comparison, due to the prohibitive
administrative cost, the use of mandatory standards and prior approval shall be
limited to specific areas, such as the medical and mechanical sectors. In addition,
platform governance as a new instrument will play an increasingly important role in
the digital age with respect to deterrence and risk-shifting. It is noted that, to promote
the governance of platforms, legal instruments shall be developed in a way of
providing platforms with additional incentives to behave appropriately.
39
COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251367.
Full text
40
COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251387.
Full text
41
COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251407.
Full text
42
Rosenlund, Felix. "Motorcykeln och dess framtid : -Ett koncept för en säkrare och miljövänligare motorcykel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53063.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on the aspects of safety for the user of a motorcycle, why and how we ride, and how one can impact the general interest in motorcycles among a younger generation in Sweden today through design and technology. Further it stands to represent my own thoughts on the matter regarding what is the key element of attraction in a motor vehicle among young people today. This paper has worked as the base for my research during my bachelors’ thesis and also includes some of my personal thoughts surrounding my design process which ultimately resulted in a motorcycle concept aimed at the younger generations.
43
Lygina, Natalya. "Educational Scientific toys for children of 5-10 years." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13584.
Full text
44
Alsup, Michael. "A Survey of the Utilization of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's Guidelines for Playgrounds in Tennessee." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2109.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's A Handbook For Public Playground Safety was published in 1981 in response to a petition to develop a mandatory set of safety standards. The National Recreation and Park Association and the National Bureau of Standards were selected to work on the project. As the study developed, the Commission realized that a set of standards was needed instead of mandatory requirements.
Because there has not been any improvement in injury statistics nation-wide to date, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree of utilization of the guidelines in Tennessee. This was seen as being important to public agencies due to the liability of operating playgrounds and the rising expense of judgments against agencies in lawsuits.
A survey instrument was developed, with the aid of a jury of experts, to serve as the data gathering tool. It was mailed to ninety-four city and county departments in Tennessee. The survey included questions concerning the possession of the Handbook, inspections and maintenance, playground design, ground surfaces, and playground equipment. It was analyzed by tabulating percentages, simple frequencies, and numerical ranking.
Surveys were completed and returned by sixty-four departments; only half responded that they had copies of Handbook. The tabulations indicated that all of those who were familiar with the Handbook reported that they believed utilizing them would reduce injuries. The majority of those responding to the survey indicated that the guidelines were being followed and that inspections and maintenance were being conducted regularly. Moreover, the tabulations indicated that the types and placement of equipment were usually within the guidelines.
The researcher, based on the findings of the study, the recommended: all departments should obtain a copy of the Handbook and use it as a guide for any aspect of their playgrounds; documentation and inspection of playgrounds should be carried out at least weekly by employees who are assigned to the task and trained; any playgrounds that do not conform to the guidelines should be renovated or removed: and ground surfaces should be used in recommended depths to aid in cushioning falls.
45
Tsui, Mabel W. "A critical analysis of pharmaceutical manufacturers' product liability claims under the Australian consumer law: Interpretation, operation and reform." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98526/4/Mabel_Tsui_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the adjudication of pharmaceutical product liability claims under the Australian Consumer Law. Recognising the seminal role that policy and principles have in the interpretation of legislation, this thesis encourages the adoption of a principled approach in the adjudication of statutory pharmaceutical product liability claims in Australia. The principles can be used to critique the current adjudication of pharmaceutical product injury claims while also guiding the determination of future claims. This thesis demonstrates a step forward in streamlining the law in this area, thus fulfilling its objective to reform product liability law in Australia.
46
Cruz, Albert Vitales. "Relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1403.
Full textAbstract:
The National Safety Council (NSC) estimated that over 35,000 people died in U.S. traffic accidents. About 3.8 million traffic crash injuries requiring medical attention occurred in 2013, and the number of deaths was about the same over the last 5 years. The NSC found that product recalls, car repairs, injuries, and deaths were due to unsafe product designs or inferior product quality. These statistics underscore the challenge of producing quality vehicles while satisfying customers. The purpose of this nonexperimental study was to examine relationships among product (vehicle) quality, product cost, product safety, and consumer satisfaction. The hypotheses inquired the extent to which relationships exist between product quality and customer satisfaction and if product cost and product safety influence this relationship. The theoretical foundation included theories on product quality and consumer satisfaction associated with the cost and safety theories such as product quality and customer satisfaction that are critical factors that can promote positive social change. Data were collected from a random sample (N = 77) of U.S. automobile users and analyzed via simple and multiple linear regression, which showed a significant statistical relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction. However, neither the product safety nor product cost helped mediate the relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction. Building high-quality cars leads to fewer injuries and deaths associated with vehicular accidents, thus promoting positive social change for both U.S. automobile buyers and sellers
47
Domke, Laura. "Understanding determinants of government and consumer behavior relative to product safety : an application of the theory of planned behavior to China and the United States /." Bergen : Norges Handelshøyskole, 2008. http://bora.nhh.no:8080/bitstream/2330/2030/1/Domke%202008.pdf.
Full text
48
Courbois, Claude-Bertrand. "PESTICIDE AVAILABILITY FOR US FOOD CROPS: UNDERSTANDING MARKET AND SAFETY FORCES IN PRODUCT ENTRY, MAINTENANCE, AND WITHDRAWAL DECISIONS." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000324-104706.
Full textAbstract:
Pesticide firms in the United States must undertake costly, crop-specific Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety tests to register their pesticides for sale to farmers of commercial crops. Firms also must pay annual registration fees and periodically undertake additional safety tests on each pesticide?s crop-specific registrations. These requirements create a market unlike others because firms may not freely enter or remain in a crop?s pesticide market. The EPA can raise and lower registration requirements to discourage or encourage registration of pesticides with certain safety characteristics on crops with particular production or consumption patterns.
Used effectively, these powers can enable the EPA to promote safety by encouraging registration of the safest pesticides in the widest number of markets, while limiting availability of unsafe pesticides. Used poorly, these powers can restrict even safe pesticides from reaching markets, especially minor ones.
This dissertation evaluates the success of the pesticide regulatory system. A model that includes the EPA?s standard-setting process and a representative pesticide firm?s registration decision-making is used to demonstrate how registrations come about. The model shows how EPA and firm behavior cause registrations to depend on the characteristics of pesticides and crops.
The study required compilation of an extensive dataset of crop and pesticide characteristics and registration data through the 1990s. The data are used in logit analysis to evaluate the relative importance of crop and chemical characteristics in determining registrations.
The results show some evidence that the system successfully encourages registration of safer pesticides. Pesticides that are less likely to cause chronic health damage are more likely to be registered. Pesticides that are safer for the eyes of farm workers are more likely to be registered.
The results also show undesirable relationships. Crops with lower national value are less likely to have registrations. After controlling for crop value, herbicides are less likely to be registered for fruits and vegetables and for crops with high per-acre value. Pesticides that are more dangerous if eaten are more likely to gain registrations. There is only limited evidence that EPA initiatives have caused safety to become a more important determinant of pesticide registrations during the 1990s.
49
Dehlinger, Joshua Jon. "Incorporating product-line engineering techniques into agent-oriented software engineering for efficiently building safety-critical, multi-agent systems." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Find full text
50
Courbois, Claude-Bertrand. "Pesticide availability for US food corps understanding market and safety forces in product entry, maintenance, and withdrawal decisions /." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-3338102421005830/etd.pdf.
Full text