Academic literature on the topic 'Production and financial leverage'

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Journal articles on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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Manuel, Timothy, and Eugene Pilotte. "PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, NONDEBT TAX SHIELDS, AND FINANCIAL LEVERAGE." Journal of Financial Research 15, no. 2 (1992): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.1992.tb00796.x.

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Aivazian, Varouj A., and Michael K. Berkowitz. "Ex Post Production Flexibility, Asset Specificity, and Financial Structure." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 13, no. 1 (1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9801300101.

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This paper examines the interaction between the firm's production and financing decisions, focusing on the specificity of its assets and on the flexibility of its production technology. The paper shows that production flexibility increases potential tax shields from debt and lowers expected bankruptcy costs and that, when asset specificity is low, operating and financial leverage tend to be complements, with the complementarity becoming stronger as ex post capacity adjustment costs increase. It also shows that an increase in the corporate tax rate induces the firm to increase capacity investme
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Saiqa, Yousaf. "Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm's Performance - A Case of Cement Production Industries of Pakistan." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 6, no. 1 (2017): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3468742.

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This study is an attempt to set up a stochastic relationship between financial leverage and firm’s performance of cement industry operating in Pakistan. For this study 23cement producing firms working out of these 18 are consolidated in the review and six years yearly information from2010 to 2015 with respect to financial leverage influence on firm’s performance for said sector were contemplated. The specimen measure for eighteen firms for a long time comprises of 106 perceptions. A Conventional Slightest Square model is connected on the information to build up a causal relationshi
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Hangline Herlistiana, Pratista, MGS Aritonang, and Tedy Herdiana. "The Effect of Production and Sales on Leverage and Profitability in The JKN Era (State-Owned and Private Pharmaceutical Companies Tbk, Period 2014–2018)." Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation 3, no. 4 (2023): 662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku1921.

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The implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) by BPJS has an impact on the pharmaceutical industry, there are an increase in demand for generic drugs, resulting in increased production, increased drug consumption in quantity, but decreased sales because pharmaceutical companies have to compete with small margins. The purpose of this study is to describe the financial performance of pharmaceutical companies in the JKN era, to analyze the factors that can affect leverage and profitability. This research was conducted at state-owned pharmaceutical companies (PT. Kimia Farma and PT. In
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Purdy, Barry M., Michael R. Langemeier, and Allen M. Featherstone. "Financial Performance, Risk, and Specialization." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 29, no. 1 (1997): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080000763x.

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AbstractA sample of Kansas farms was used to examine the impact of risk and specialization on mean financial performance. Mean financial performance was hypothesized to be influenced by risk, age of the operator, percentage of acres owned, financial efficiency, leverage, specialization, and farm size. Risk, age of operator, financial efficiency, and farm size had the largest impacts on mean financial performance. Specializing in swine, dairy, or crop production increased mean financial performance, while specializing in beef production decreased mean financial performance. Farms with both crop
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Jouffray, Jean-Baptiste, Beatrice Crona, Emmy Wassénius, Jan Bebbington, and Bert Scholtens. "Leverage points in the financial sector for seafood sustainability." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (2019): eaax3324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3324.

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Can finance contribute to seafood sustainability? This is an increasingly relevant question given the projected growth of seafood markets and the magnitude of social and environmental challenges associated with seafood production. As more capital enters the seafood industry, it becomes crucial that investments steer the sector toward improved sustainability, as opposed to fueling unsustainable working conditions and overexploitation of resources. Using a mixed-methods approach, we map where different financial mechanisms are most salient along a seafood firm’s development trajectory and identi
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Gombe, Bappayo Masu, and Mustapha Mukhtar. "Corporate Governance and Challenges of Financial Leverage of Privatised Cement Industry in Nigeria." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 6 (2024): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62024.

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The paper studies new corporate governance and the challenges of financial Leverage of privatised cement industry in Nigeria. The variables studied were leverage ratio as Performance proxy (dependent variables) and fourteen Corporate Governance proxies as independent variables. Data was collected from secondary sources, and the statistical tools employed in the Methodology were Trend Analysis and Pooled OLS regressions. Trend Analysis result suggests that;Devaluation, high cost of importation, insufficient power supply, bank strike, and deflation of global oil prices created capacity underutil
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Nantyah, Idzal Dwi. "Leverage and Real Earning Management." Ekspektra : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 3, no. 2 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ekt.v3i2.2042.

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Every firms needs capital in carrying out its business activities, this is very related to the firm's funding decisions. This funding decision raises leverage if the firms in its operations uses a source of funds that creates a fixed burden, namely debt, with the expectation of additional benefits in the form of tax savings greater than the fixed costs that must be incurred, thereby increasing firm profits. Profit becomes very important for creditors and shareholders, because profits are used as a reference used to evaluate the condition of the company. But in practice, managers take certain a
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Dufour, Dominique, Philippe Luu, and Pierre Teller. "Accruals quality and leverage adjustments." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 4 (2020): 799–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2019-0102.

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PurposeThis paper analyses the role of accounting information quality on leverage adjustments. More specifically, the authors investigate whether a better accounting information leads to a higher speed of adjustment to the target financial leverage.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a two-step method. They first estimate the target financial structure and then the influence of accruals quality on the speed of adjustment to this target. The study sample consists of French listed companies in the CAC All-Tradable index. The sample contains 210 companies and 1,713 observations.FindingsAcc
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Cristina Orbolato, Cintia, Gustavo Lineu Sartorello, and Augusto Hauber Gameiro. "Avaliação do financiamento rural sobre o custo de produção e a viabilidade financeira em sistemas de criação de bovinos de corte." Informações Econômicas 50 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56468/1678-832x.eie0319.2020.

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The objective was to compare the economic-financial feasibility of beef calves’projects, using rural credit and own capital resources. Mathematical model for calculation of production costs and cash flow statement was used to estimate economic and financial indicators. Simulations were performed for different scenarios, considering two levels of technological intensification in the production systems. The economic results were more favorable to production systems that used technology more intensely and with greater investments. The financial results indicated that, all the scenarios were viabl
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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Rayan, Kuben. "Financial leverage and firm value." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23237.

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The capital structure debate has been live for decades, with the key point of contention for many researchers being whether capital structure positively or negatively impacts firm value. Much of the literature on this question takes its departure from the seminal writings of Modigliani and Miller (1958) and their Theorem of Irrelevance. Many researchers have subsequently argued their case for and against the optimal value capital structure. The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether in a South African context an increase in financial leverage positively or negatively impacts firm valu
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Думанський, М. А. "Вексельний обіг в системі фінансових відносин". Thesis, Науково-дослідний фінансовий інститут, 2002. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51523.

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Дисертацію присвячено суті фінансової складової вексельного обігу, методів оцінки економічної природи векселя, їхнього використання в розв’язанні економічних проблем суб’єктів господарської діяльності, зокрема розв’язання кризи платежів. На основі аналізу та оцінки існуючих механізмів використання векселів визначено та обґрунтовано ступінь, зміст і значення вексельного обігу в становленні економічних ринкових відносин та сформульовані основні принципи їх ефективного застосування в розрахунках між підприємствами. В роботі запропоновано механізм проведення вексельного взаємозаліку, розроблена
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Källum, Martin, and Hampus Sturesson. "Financial leverage : The impact on Swedish companies’ financial performance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67482.

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Background: Swedish companies were negatively affected by the financial crisis between 2007 to 2009. Even if companies with a high level of financial leverage were hit harder due to the financial crisis than companies with financial leverage, the level of financial leverage about the same now as it was right before the financial crisis. Even if an increase of cash flows associated to financial leverage increase a company’s business opportunities, there are a lot of research done in the field that claim that the relation between financial leverage and financial performance is negative. Purpose:
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Lo, Chen-Chang. "Corporate hedging, financial leverage, and firm value." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522001.

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Ragland, Rhonda B. "Corporate growth, product marketing and financial leverage." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298004.

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Löwenthal, Simon, and Henry Nyman. "Do Firms Balance Their Operating and Financial Leverage? - The Relationship Between Operating and Financial Leverage in Swedish Listed Companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202220.

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Previous research on the tradeoff between operating and financial leverage has come to contradicting results, thus, there is no consensus of opinion regarding van Horne’s tradeoff theory. This study investigates whether there is support for the tradeoff theory on a sample of 347 Swedish, listed firms. Unlike previous studies, we employ a method with direct measures using guidance provided by Penman (2012), rather than using the more common degree of operating and financial leverage as proxies. During the time period 2006-2011 we find a statistically significant negative relationship of 0.214 u
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Alnamlah, Abdullah Khaled. "Corporate Leverage, Constraints, and Compliance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2660.

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The first chapter evaluates the zero-leverage effect on firms' financial constraints. Moreover, using investment- and cash-to-cash-flow sensitivities as financial constraint indicators, the results suggest that unleveraged firms are expected to face lower constraints relative to leveraged firms. Lastly, the results indicate that the zero-leverage effect on firms’ financial constraints is more likely stronger for smaller firms, zero-dividend firms, firms with lower proportions of tangible assets, and growth firms. The second chapter develops a new quantitative measure that reflects the extent t
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Danielson, Morris G. "Firm value, growth opportunities, and leverage /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8793.

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Dimova, Dilyana. "The role of consumer leverage in financial crises." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdc19fb0-183e-414e-90a6-ddac394e2ed1.

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This thesis demonstrates that consumer leverage can contribute to financial crises such as the subprime mortgage crisis characterised by increased bankruptcy prospects and tightened credit access. A recession may follow even when the leveraged sector is not a production sector and can be triggered by seeming positive events such as a technological innovation and a relaxation of borrowing conditions. The first preliminary chapter updates the Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) approach with financial frictions in the production sector to a two-sector model with consumption and housing. It sh
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Zhou, Yi. "Leverage, asset pricing and its implications." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692099801&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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A, Brander James, and Statistics Canada. Business and Labour Market Analysis Division., eds. Trade liberalization, profitability, and financial leverage. Statistics Canada, 2005.

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Lang, Larry H. P. Leverage, investment, and firm growth. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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D, Schwalberg Michael, and Financial Executives Research Foundation, eds. Leverage competencies: The key to financial leadership success. Financial Executives Research Foundation, 2000.

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D, Schwalberg Michael, ed. Leverage competencies: The key to financial leadership success. Financial Times/Prentice Hall PTR, 2002.

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Kricheff, Robert. A pragmatist's guide to leveraged finance: Credit analysis for bonds and bank debt. FT Press, 2012.

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Kettani, Othmane, and Adil Reghai. Financial Models in Production. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57496-3.

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Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch., ed. Corporate financial leverage: A Canada-U.S. comparison, 1961-1996. Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada, 1997.

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Chew, Lillian. Managing derivative risks: The use and abuse of leverage. Wiley, 1996.

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MacKay, Peter. Is there an optimal industry financial structure? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Li, Shigang. Gao gang gan de hua jie zhi dao: The way of deleveraging : Theoretical and practical solutions. She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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Whitman, David L., and Ronald E. Terry. "Financial Leverage." In Fundamentals of Engineering Economics and Decision Analysis. Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79348-6_7.

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Kulwizira Lukanima, Benedicto. "Financial Leverage Analysis." In Classroom Companion: Business. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28267-6_8.

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Dempsey, Michael. "Financial leverage and risk." In Financial Risk Management and Derivative Instruments. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003132240-5.

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Bragues, George. "Leverage and Liberal Democracy." In Lessons from the Financial Crisis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266588.ch1.

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Szepanski, Achim. "Financial Capital: Leverage Power and Financial Infrastructure." In Capitalism in the Age of Catastrophe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57754-3_5.

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Schinasi, Garry J., and R. Todd Smith. "Portfolio Diversification, Leverage, and Financial Contagion." In International Financial Contagion. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3314-3_8.

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Acharya, Viral V., and Philipp Schnabl. "How Banks Played the Leverage Game." In Restoring Financial Stability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118258163.ch2.

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Ahmad, Muhammad Ishfaq, Wang Guohui, Mudassar Hasan, Muhammad Yasir Rafiq, and Ramiz-Ur Rehman. "Financial Leverage Hits Corporate Performance." In Advances in Applied Economic Research. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48454-9_10.

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Chambers, Larry. "How to Leverage Your Articles." In The Guide to Financial Public Relations. CRC Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429271441-15.

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Lukefahr, Steven D., James I. McNitt, Peter R. Cheeke, and Nephi M. Patton. "Economics and financial management." In Rabbit production, 10th ed. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249811.0006.

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Abstract This chapter aims to ensure that prospective rabbit raisers enter the business fully aware of the financial limitations and to emphasize the procedures that might aid in attaining financial success. Sections of this chapter cover the financing, expenses, income and cash flow of rabbit enterprises.
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Conference papers on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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Ay, Mustafa, Fehmi Karasioğlu, and Derya Öztemiz. "Impact of Sourcing Usage on Firm Performance in Production Business: An Application on Stock Exchange Istanbul 100 Index." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02180.

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The best way to distinguish successful and unsuccessful businesses in free market economies, they have an important criterion is the situation in which these enterprises have the labor productivity and performance. One of the ways to determine business performance is to determine how efficient, unique and productive the resources are being used. This study aims to explain the effects of resource use in business on the firm performance. In this context, 33 companies were selected which were in operation in Istanbul Stock Exchange 100 Index and traded in the manufacturing sector between the year
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Abdul Hameed Ashour, Marwan, and Qusay H. Al-Salami. "Optimizing Natural Gas Production Predictions: A Machine Learning Approach with Recurrent Neural Networks." In The 5th International Scientific Conference on Administrative and Financial Sciences (CIC-ISCAFS'2025). Cihan University-Erbil, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24086/icafs2025/paper.1587.

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Abstract—Forecasting natural gas production poses a significant challenge due to its intricate dynamics and critical implications for energy security and market operations. This study investigates the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in predicting total gas production in the United States, emphasizing the advantages of employing advanced artificial intelligence methodologies in time series forecasting. By evaluating the performance of RNNs against traditional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, the research reveals that RNNs achieve markedly better Root Mean Square
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Babotan, Mark, Peter Juhasz, and Janos Szaz. "Investment, Production And Indebtedness In A Duopoly With Uncertain Demand." In 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0093.

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The paper builds a dynamic and stochastic simulation model to analyse how players’ behaviour changes as the number of competitors increases in the market. Our major contribution is to parallelly use the classic terms of corporate finance and microeconomic models to calculate the necessary quantities for business valuation and the effect of competition on the market. Our general results show that, for several firms, the optimal leverage ratio increases with the number of firms. This is due to the declining cash flows from operations and, in parallel, to the relatively increasing importance of t
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Laskar, Sandipan. "Smart Safety Management Systems: Leveraging Blockchain Technology for an Effective Safety System in Oil and Gas Industry." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32034-ms.

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Abstract In last decade the oil and gas industry gradually adopted new innovative technologies and began shifting towards intelligence and digitalization. Emerging Technologies such as the autonomous car, Blockchain and the Internet of Things are playing a more vital role in improving efficiency and effectiveness in many businesses around the globe. Presently blockchain technology applications are more focused around financial and data security sectors. There exists a tremendous opportunity to leverage blockchain technology and explore possible applications in oil and gas. This paper focuses o
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Fernandes, Renston Jake, Mohammad Raghib Shakeel, Ducduy Nguyen, Hong G. Im, and James W. G. Turner. "Techno-Economic Analysis of an Integrated E-Methanol Production Plant Utilizing First and Second Generation Biomass Resources." In KSAE/SAE 2025 Powertrain, Energy & Lubricants Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0182.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic assessment (TEA) of an integrated e-methanol production system building upon previously published foundational research utilizing Aspen Plus modeling for e-methanol production from sugar cane and sugar beet biomass. The established integrated system converts biomass into ethanol through fermentation and synthesizes e-methanol using both captured CO<sub>2</sub> and syngas derived from biomass residue gasification. This approach maximizes CO<sub>2</su
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Marszalek, Jakub, and Pawel Sekula. "Financial leverage - The investor's perspective." In The 6th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2010". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2010.017.

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"Financial Leverage, Growth and Investment Efficiency." In 2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Management and Humanities Science. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ecomhs.2018.005.

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Buranaj Hoxha, Bez. "Principles for Managing Reserves and Resources in Albania via Petroleum Resources Management System." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210165-ms.

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Abstract Albania has an active but challenging drilling activity that demands the most innovative technology. Although new recent drilling activity, has discovered light crude oil, the predominant crude oil quality involves medium-heavy oil reservoirs mainly contained in the largest onshore European oilfield, Patos-Marinza. Even though it has high potential, Albania’s main reservoirs are practically under-developed. In the past decade, the Albanian institutions have increasingly encouraged and supported expanding drilling activity in an effort to stimulate investments in reservoir development/
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Wahba, Khaled, and Sherif Kamel. "A Virtual Research Model to Help Academics Face the Challenges of the 21st Century." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2401.

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The academic career and the stages of promotion of teachers and field researchers at the Egyptian universities as well as at many research centers available in Egypt's 26 provinces is guided by a set of rules and regulations that mainly depend on the number of publications that the researcher is producing in a specific period of time. It is also important to note that such publications should be published in well-known and accredited journals, transactions, and conference proceedings amongst others. These publications could be produced jointly with other institutions both locally and internati
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Lin, Jang-Shee Barry. "CORPORATE LEVERAGE, FIRM CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL CRISIS." In 26th and the 27th International Academic Conference (Istanbul, Prague). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.027.025.

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Reports on the topic "Production and financial leverage"

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Bolton, Patrick, Neng Wang, and Jinqiang Yang. Leverage Dynamics and Financial Flexibility. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26802.

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Myers, Stewart, and James Read. Real Options, Taxes and Financial Leverage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18148.

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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann, and Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.

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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
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Argimón, Isabel, and Irene Roibás. Debt overhang, credit demand and financial conditions. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29530.

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The empirical literature on the debt overhang hypothesis has estimated the relationship between investment and leverage at the firm level, which does not allow to disentangle between a firm’s decision not to invest as it is highly indebted and its ability to obtain the necessary resources. Using annual Spanish credit data from the Central Credit Register and non-financial corporations’ annual accounts from the lntegrated Central Balance Sheet Data Office Survey for the period 2004-2019, we study the impact of corporate debt on non-financial firms’ demand for bank loans, as a proxy for their wi
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Kaminsky, Graciela, Leandro Medina, and Shiyi Wang. The Financial Center Leverage Cycle: Does it Spread Around the World? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26793.

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Gârleanu, Nicolae, Stavros Panageas, and Jianfeng Yu. Financial Entanglement: A Theory of Incomplete Integration, Leverage, Crashes, and Contagion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19381.

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Mendoza, Enrique. Sudden Stops, Financial Crises and Leverage: A Fisherian Deflation of Tobin's Q. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14444.

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Aoki, Kosuke, Enric Martorell, and Kalin Nikolov. Monetary policy, bank leverage and systemic risk-taking. Banco de España, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53479/39442.

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Abstract:
We examine the interplay between monetary policy, bank risk-taking, and financial stability in a quantitative macroeconomic model with endogenous risk-taking by banks and systemic crises. Banks’ access to leverage depends on their charter value, which is itself affected by movements in the real interest rate. We find that permanent shifts in the long-term real interest rate have a significant impact on banks’ leverage and on their investments in systemically risky assets, while transitory movements have a more limited impact. We show that in the presence of systemic risk-taking, the systemic c
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Schularick, Moritz, and Alan Taylor. Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises, 1870-2008. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15512.

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patmin, Su. PENGARUH FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, OPERATING LEVERAGE, DAN CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP RENTABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. INDAH KIAT PULP AND PAPER TBK DI TANGERANG). Jurnal Madani: Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Humaniora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33753/madani.v1i2.15.

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