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Andreoni, Antonio. "Manufacturing development : structural change and production capabilities dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/19242/.
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Over the last three decades the political economy debate abandoned its focus on manufacturing as the main engine of the technological dynamism and the source of the wealth of nations. However recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in manufacturing production. This has led analysts to announce and welcome a worldwide 'manufacturing renaissance' emerging in different contexts with multiple focuses. The thesis provides new analytical and empirical lenses for disentangling the dynamics of manufacturing development. We do this by showing how learning processes are the fundamental category responsible for production capabilities dynamics which in turn trigger structural change. Essay 1 'The Manufacturing Renaissance: Transforming Industrial Systems and the Wealth of Nations' presents a novel synthesis of two strands of economic research, Structural Economic Dynamics and the Economics of Capabilities. Within this framework we integrate structural change and production capabilities dynamics. The following Essays of this dissertation apply and extend this theoretical synthesis by focusing firstly on learning in production structures and cumulative (non-linear) structural change dynamics (Essays 2 and 3 respectively); secondly, in developing new diagnostics for industrial policies design (Essay 4); finally, in investigating industrial policies for manufacturing development (Essay 5). Essay 2 'Structural Learning: Embedding discoveries and the dynamics of production' extends the current framework by rembedding learning dynamics from which production capabilities are generated in the production structure itself. Essay 3 'Manufacturing Agrarian Change. Agricultural production, intermediate institutions and Intersectoral commons: Lessons from Latin America' than applies the concept of structural learning developed in Essay 2 to the intersectoral interdependencies on the interface of agriculture and manufacturing. Moreover, we show how in the context of Chile and Brazil intersectoral learning from which intersectoral commons derive was facilitated by the development of intermediate institutions. Essay 4 'Production Capability Indicators. Mapping countries' structural trajectories and the assessment of industrial skills in LDCs: The case of Tanzania' addresses the problem of capturing these learning dynamics through production capabilities indicators at the national level. Not only do we propose a new theoretically-sensitive methodology for quantifying learning dynamics but also we apply this to industrial skills assessment in Tanzania. Finally, Essay 5 'Industrial Policy for Manufacturing Development. Structural dynamics and institutional changes in a dual economy: A case of dependent industrialisation in the Italian Mezzogiorno' focuses on the development of industrial policies, the latter understood as mechanisms to trigger learning dynamics at the sectoral and intersectoral level. The Italian 'Mezzogiorno' case is presented to illustrate these dynamics in a context of dependent industrialisation.
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Storck, Joakim. "Strategic and operational capabilities in steel production : Product variety and performance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11642.
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Steel producers that employ niche market strategies are continuously seeking to reduce production cost while maintaining adiverse product mix. The business model is typically based onmarketing of high–strength special or stainless steels. However,the desire to avoid direct cost competition is over time gradually leading towards increased product variety and smaller ordervolumes (tonnes per order) for each product. This thesis analyses how production cost is linked to productvariety in steel strip production. Results are based on new modelsfor assessment of opportunities for performance improvement inhigh product–variety steel production. The need for flexible production processes increases with increasing product variety. Operational capabilities linked to processflexibility determine the extent to which steel producers caneliminate in–process inventory and accomplish close coupling between process steps. Niche market producers that invest inprocess flexibility improvements can lower production costs bothdue to reduced work–in–process and lower energy consumption.An additional benefit is reduced environmental impact. The following problems are addressed: • Development of a method to assess the influence of productvariety on performance in steel production. • Development of models of continuous casting and hotrolling that account for product variety and cost effectswith consideration of varying degrees of process flexibility. • Development of a strategy process model that focus on thestrategic value of operational capabilities related to processflexibility. Investments in operational capabilities regarding process flexibility have a strategic impact. An appreciation for the effectsof process flexibility should permeate the organisation’s daily work since the accumulated contribution of many, seemingly unimportant, incremental changes significantly influences thestrategic opportunities of the company.Stålproducenter med nischmarknadsstrategier försöker ständigt sänka sina produktionskostnader samtidigt som en varierad produktflora bibehålls. Affärsmodellen bygger i typfallet på försäljning av höghållfasta specialstål eller rostfria stål. Strävan att undvika direkt priskonkurrens leder dock med tiden gradvis till ökad produktvariation och mindre ordervolymer (ton per order)för varje produkt. Denna avhandling analyserar hur produktionskostnaden är kopplad till graden av produktvariation vid tillverkning av band.Resultaten bygger på nya modeller för utvärdering av förutsättningarnaför prestandaförbättring i stålindustri med stor produktvariation. Behovet av flexibla produktionsprocesser ökar med ökande produktvariation. Praktiska förmågor kopplade till processflexibilitet avgör till vilken grad ståltillverkare förmår att eliminera mellanlager och åstadkomma en tät koppling mellan processteg.Nischmarknadsproducenter som investerar i förbättrad flexibilitet kan sänka sina produktionskostnader både genom minskad mängd produkter i arbete och reducerad energiförbrukning. Detta medför också minskad miljöbelastning.Följande problemställningar adresseras: • Utveckling av en metod för att utvärdera inverkan av produktvariationpå prestanda vid ståltillverkning. • Utveckling av en modell för stränggjutning och varmvalsningsom tar hänsyn till produktvariation och kostnadseffekterför olika grad av processflexibilitet. • Utveckling av en strategimodell som fokuserar på det strategiskavärdet av operativa förmågor kopplade till processflexibilitet. Investeringar i operativa förmågor vad avser processflexibilitet är av strategisk betydelse. Förståelse för betydelsen av processflexibilitetbör genomsyra det dagliga arbetet eftersom det samladebidraget av många, till synes obetydliga, små förändringar haren avgörande inverkan på företagets strategiska förutsättningar
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Norouzilame, Farhad. "TOWARDS ACHIEVING NETWORK CAPABILITIES IN GLOBAL PRODUCTION NETWORK OF CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28908.
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Hallgren, Mattias. "Manufacturing Strategy, Capabilities and Performance." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8962.
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Papageorgiou, Athanasios. "Optimization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles : Expanding the Multidisciplinary Capabilities." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143672.
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Over the last decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have experienced an accelerated growth, and nowadays they are being deployed in a variety of missions that have traditionally been covered by manned aircraft. This unprecedented market expansion has created new and unforeseen challenges for the manufacturing industry which is now called to further reduce the idea-to-market times while simultaneously delivering designs of even higher performance. In this environment of uncertainty and risk, it is without a doubt crucial for the involved actors to find ways to secure their strategic advantage, and hence, implementing the latest design tools has become a critical consideration in every Product Development Process (PDP). To this end, a method that has been frequently applied in the PDP and has shown many successful results in the development of complex engineering products is Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO). In general, MDO can bring additional knowledge regarding the best-suited designs much earlier in the process, and in this respect, it can lead to significant cost and time savings by reducing the total number of refinement iterations. Nevertheless, the organizational and cultural integration of MDO has been often overlooked, while at the same time, several technical aspects of the method for UAV design are still at an elementary level. On the whole, research on MDO is showing a slow progress, and to this date, there are many limitations in both the disciplinary models and the available analysis capabilities. In light of the above, this thesis focuses on the particulars of the MDO methodology, and more specifically, on how it can be best adapted and evolved in order to enhance the development process of UAVs. The primary objective is to study the current trends and gaps of the MDO practices in UAV applications, and subsequently to build upon that and explore how these can be included in a roadmap that will be able to serve a guide for newcomers in the field. Compared to other studies, the problem is herein approached from both a technical as well as organizational perspective, and thus, this research not only aims to propose techniques that can lead to better designs but also solutions that will be meaningful to the PDP. Having established the above foundation, this work shows that the traditional MDO frameworks for UAV design have been neglecting several important features, and it elaborates on how those novel elements can be modeled in order to enable a better integration of MDO into the organizational functions. Overall, this thesis presents quantitative and qualitative data which illustrate the effectiveness of the new framework enhancements in the development process of UAVs, and concludes with discussions on the possible improvement directions towards achieving more and better MDO capabilities.
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Figueroa, Luis. "Geography, linkages and capabilities : innovation in the agricultural coffee production in Latin America." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15579/.
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The main contribution of this work is the proposal of a conceptual framework that integrates internal (to the firm) conditions with external influences at two geographical proximity levels, local and non-local, with respect to four types of innovation performance: product innovation, process innovation, managerial/organisational innovation and marketing innovation. This is quantitatively evaluated in a sample of 186 coffee farmers from Latin America. Following the Resource-Based View of the Firm (RBV), the internal conditions include two firm capabilities: technological capabilities and marketing capabilities. The external influences incorporates the evaluation of horizontal and vertical linkages with purposes of innovation at the local level (cluster geographical context) and non-local level (extra-cluster geographical context). The tests are controlled by the variable country of origin, which is not much relevant in these evaluations, as well as the variable for size, which is mostly significant although with a negative impact. The results suggest that internal conditions seem to be the most relevant factors related to innovation performance in this sample, whilst extra-cluster linkages are the external conditions with the highest relative importance in the explored models. This last outcome suggests the predominance of global value chains and its dynamics in relation to the innovative results of companies located in primary industries from developing countries. This seem to be the case even in the case of highly clustered activities within a region, such as the agricultural coffee production in Latin America.
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Nanda, Gautam, and John-Pierre Yalman. "Investigation of managerial capabilities and challenges of a core plant role." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34161.
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The competiveness within the global market has forced large manufacturing companies to reorganize their global operations. To act proficiently abroad is therefore no longer a choice but an important prerequisite. In global production networks, there are different plant roles that serve different purposes. One of the important roles within these networks is the core plant role. There are limited amount of the researches done regarding the core plant role. There is also a lack of consistency regarding the definition of the core plant role. It is also evident that there is a knowledge gap regarding the managerial aspects of this plant role both in the academia and in the industry. Managing a core plant requires certain capabilities. It is important to target this knowledge gap since global manufacturing is becoming a common norm for large enterprises and the importance of the core plant role is getting more evident. There is also a lack of understanding towards the challenges that a core plant must deal with both within the organization and globally towards the other plants within the manufacturing network. To address this knowledge gap further, two research questions were created ―What key capabilities are required in order to manage the core plant role?” (RQ1) and ―What are the main challenges in managing the core plant role?” (RQ2). Case study was chosen as the research method for this study since it is the most appropriate method when investigating a phenomenon in its own context. Interviews were the main research technique used to collect data. 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted in eight different cases. A literature review was conducted and was the foundation for the interview guide used in the interviews and for the data analysis. The results show that various capabilities are important for the management of the core plant role. Proximity to R&D and knowledge were the most emphasized factors. For the main challenges in terms of managing a core plant, the communication, cooperation and coordination where the most challenging aspects. Based upon finding, two frameworks have been proposed a concluding generalization and contribution of this research study. The study provides a generalization based upon data that has been collected from companies from different industries. These findings are a contribution towards both the large enterprises operating globally and the academia.
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Brolin, Erik. "Anthropometric diversity and consideration of human capabilities : Methods for virtual product and production development." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12248.
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Contemporary product and production development is typically carried out with the support of computer tools where the design of products and workstations are originated and evaluated within virtual environments. Ergonomics addresses factors important to consider in the product and production development process to ensure a good fit between humans and the items being designed. Digital human modelling (DHM) tools enable simulations and analyses of ergonomics in virtual environments. Anthropometry is central when using DHM tools for product and production development to ensure that the design fits the intended proportion of the targeted population from a physical perspective. Several methods have been prescribed to consider the anthropometric diversity that exists within human populations. Still many DHM based simulations in product and production development processes are done with approaches that are poor in representing anthropometric diversity. Hence, there is a need for better tools and methods that would support DHM tool users to more effectively and efficiently consider anthropometric diversity in the design process. In this thesis current methods for anthropometric diversity considerations have been reviewed and new methods and functionality have been developed and implemented in a DHM tool. Mathematical models have been developed to consider three specific parts important to the consideration of anthropometric diversity: generation of suitable test cases, prediction of missing anthropometric data and implementation of more diverse anthropometric variables such as strength and flexibility. Results show that the proposed methods are accurate and advantageous compared to approaches often used in industry today. The mathematical models for generation of suitable test cases and prediction of missing anthropometric data have been implemented in an anthropometric software module. The module has undergone usability testing with industry DHM tools users. The developed anthropometric module is shown to answer to relevant needs of DHM tool users and fit into the work processes related to DHM simulations and ergonomics analyses utilised in industry today.
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Boonpornprasert, Prach [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Rossbach. "Investigations on the Capabilities of THz Production at the PITZ Facility / Prach Boonpornprasert ; Betreuer: Jörg Rossbach." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205491473/34.
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Dalcomuni, Sonia Maria. "Dynamic capabilities for cleaner production innovation : the case of the market pulp export industry in Brazil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362209.
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Morales, Cantú Karina Marisol, and Jonsson Erik Wisalchai. "3D PRINTING FOR END PRODUCTS : A case study of the industry, its capabilities and value chain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176345.
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Our aim is to answer whether or not 3D printing is capable of achieving mass customization and mass production, since answering this might help predict a shift within manufacturing industries and the use that this technology has had the past years. Further, our aim is to give an overall view of the industry of companies offering 3D printed goods for end use through an e-commerce marketplace and its value creating activities. The overall aim is to contribute to fill the academic gap regarding research on 3D printing within the field of mass customization and provide groundwork for future research. To provide the current picture of the industry and thus analyze its capabilities regarding mass production and mass customization, we present the value chain with the involved value creating activities. We have conducted three qualitative interviews to three out of four companies within the industry complemented as well with an exhaustive research to the websites of the companies.
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Debuisson, Marion. "Les modes d'interaction pour une dynamique territoriale soutenable : un apport à l'écologie territoriale." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0029/document.
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Dans un contexte de déséquilibres écologiques et socio-économiques, des stratégies et politiques sont conçues à différentes échelles institutionnelles pour tendre vers un modèle de développement soutenable. Une étude de métabolisme permet, par la mesure de certains flux de matières et d’énergie, d’appréhender le fonctionnement d’un territoire d’un point de vue physique. Cependant, cette connaissance sur les conséquences écologiques d’un territoire est difficilement mise en lien avec les grandes questions sociétales et les jeux d’acteurs impliqués dans ces échanges. Afin de tendre vers un rééquilibrage global, il est donc question de garantir le respect des principes d’équité, de justice et de liberté dans les réponses apportées aux besoins fondamentaux des acteurs. La construction d’un intérêt collectif sur les territoires apparaît dans ce travail comme une réponse possible afin de définir et mettre en œuvre des politiques de soutenabilité forte conciliant enjeux territoriaux et globaux. Une des hypothèses est que les modes d'interaction de type coopératif favorisent des comportements propices à la construction de cet intérêt collectif. L’enjeu de ce travail est de mieux comprendre en quoi une étude de métabolisme pourrait être mobilisée afin de participer à une dynamique de construction territoriale soutenable. Cette recherche s’appuie sur le travail de terrain mené dans le cadre du projet ANR Villes Durables Confluent, ainsi que sur le système d’approvisionnement alimentaire pour illustrer notre démarcheIn the middle of an ecological and socio-economic imbalance context, strategies and policies are designed at different institutional levels. The objective is to move towards a model of sustainable development. Studying the metabolism allows us to know, partially, the way a territory works according to different flows of materials and energy. However, this knowledge about the ecological consequences of a territory, is hardly set in relation to major societal issues and different roles involved during these exchanges. Working towards a global rebalancing, is a question of ensuring compliance with the principles of fairness, justice and freedom answering the basic needs of actors. The construction of a collective interest appears as an answer to define and to implement sustainability policies, which are territorial and global issues. One of the hypothesis is that the modes of interaction of cooperative behaviors help and promote the construction of the collective interest. The purpose of this work is to try to understand how a metabolism study could be mobilized to participate in a process of territorial sustainable construction. The research is based on the work in the field accomplished all over "ANR Villes Durables Confluent Project" as well as on alimentary supply chain
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Farah, Toni E. "Review of current estimating capabilities of the 3d building information model software to support design for production/construction." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-082305-165125/.
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Brownlee, T. "An investigation into the capabilities and affecting factors of isometric mid-thigh pull force production in elite youth soccer players." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6072/.
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Elite youth soccer player’s performance depends on a multitude of factors (Stølen et al. 2005). Muscular force production capability is of likely importance due to the frequency of powerful actions that occur within match play (Faude et al. 2012). Little is known though of the training undertaken at elite youth soccer academies to increase muscular force production capabilities particularly across maturation groups. There is also little evidence around the nature, or genetic influence on this variable in these populations. Greater knowledge on these areas would be beneficial to aid an understanding of performance and to plan practical interventions. Eight weeks of training for players in the under 9 (U9) through to under 21 (U21) age groups (Chapter 3) were recorded to investigate the duration of each training type completed. The total training duration increased from U9 to U14 before reducing at U15 and then remaining unchanged through to, and including, the U21 age group. Soccer training accounted for 97 ± 4 % of session time in the U9 to U14 groups and 74 ± 3 % in the U15 to U21 groups. The remainder of training was made up of work that was not soccer based. The data in this case study suggest that training time is focussed on the technical/tactical development throughout the academy, particularly in the younger age groups. Study 2, part A (Chapter 4) provided baseline isometric maximal voluntary force (MVF) data for players and an maturation-matched non-elite control group. MVF was slightly higher in the elite compared to control cohorts during an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP, 118.29 ± 13.47 N compared to 109.69 ± 17.00 N). Such data may indicate that ability to produce force, specifically isometric MVF, may not be a crucial determinant of performance in elite youth soccer based on this sample. The purpose of study 2, part B (Chapter 4) was to establish the effect of 8 weeks typical training on elite youth soccer players’ IMTP MVF. This was also compared to a non-elite control cohort matched for maturation status and not undertaking training. Isometric MVF did not change in either group over the 8 week period (P = 0.386). These data suggest that this elite youth soccer training simply maintained current strength levels and was not sufficient to elicit increases in isometric MVF. Study 3 (Chapter 5) examined variations in four separate genes, all identified as potentially having an influence on muscular force production capabilities: PPARA rs4253778, NOS3 rs2070744, COLIA1 rs2249492 and VDR rs2228570. Allele and genotype frequency was determined along with the influence of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on isometric MVF. Only NOS3 was different in genotype distribution between cohorts with TT genotype showing 45.0 % and 30.4 % frequency in elite and control cohorts respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, no difference was seen between cohorts for isometric MVF data when comparing influence of any genotypes of any gene. These data provide novel information around genotype frequency in this population and would suggest that the gene variations examined here might not play a role in force production in these populations. Overall, these findings suggest that muscular force production may be important for elite youth soccer performance, but that current training practices to improve this characteristic should be revised. This seems especially relevant given the lack of genetic association with force production in the gene variations examined here, i.e. elite youth soccer players do not appear to be selected based on a genetic predisposition for greater isometric force production capabilities.
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Strutton, Benjamin. "Engineering Escherichia coli to improve its N-linked glycosylation capabilities and the development of a new method of quantifying production." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16492/.
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The field of recombinant glycoprotein production in Escherichia coli has advanced with an increase in the number of glycan structures that can be transferred to target proteins (Schwarz et al. 2010, Valderrama-Rincon et al. 2012, Wetter et al. 2013, Srichaisupakit et al. 2015). With various industrial and academic groups utilising a variety of the available structures, the need for a host strain of E. coli that can transfer a number of different glycans is evident. Here the bacterial oligosaccharyl transferase, pglB, known to transfer glycans of alternate content and structure, was chromosomally located creating an E. coli glycosylation host strain where the target protein, glycosyltransferases, and sugar synthesis genes could be switched to produce a glycoprotein of choice. To assess the glycoprotein producing capacity of the newly developed strain, a combined mass spectrometry and Western blot approach was developed to enable absolute quantification of target protein production. With pglB located on the chromosome glycosylation efficiency rose 85% with a 17% increase in glycoprotein production. In an attempt to further improve the efficiency of glycosylation, which is affected with the incorporation of glycosyltransferases from alternate organisms, a multitude of genes identified from previous exploratory studies were over expressed in combination. Certain combinations improved the glycosylation process with higher efficiency and a greater percentage of the desired diglycosylated product, although one gene, dxs, was found to hinder production. It is expected that the creation of the platform glycosylating strain of E. coli will enable users to more easily test and create novel recombinant glycoproteins. Alongside this the development of the combined mass spectrometry and Western approach will allow absolute quantification of the produced glycoforms, pushing towards a move away from purely Western blot analysis and relative protein production.
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Wagle, John P., Kevin M. Carroll, Aaron J. Cunanan, Christopher B. Taber, Alexander Wetmore, Garett E. Bingham, Brad H. DeWeese, Kimitake Sato, Charles A. Stuart, and Michael H. Stone. "Comparison of the Relationship between Lying and Standing Ultrasonography Measures of Muscle Morphology with Isometric and Dynamic Force Production Capabilities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4656.
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The purpose of the current study was (1) to examine the differences between standing and lying measures of vastus lateralis (VL), muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) using ultrasonography; and (2) to explore the relationships between lying and standing measures with isometric and dynamic assessments of force production—specifically peak force, rate of force development (RFD), impulse, and one-repetition maximum back squat. Fourteen resistance-trained subjects (age = 26.8 ± 4.0 years, height = 181.4 ± 6.0 cm, body mass = 89.8 ± 10.7 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.84 ± 0.34) agreed to participate. Lying and standing ultrasonography images of the right VL were collected following 48 hours of rest. Isometric squat assessments followed ultrasonography, and were performed on force platforms with data used to determine isometric peak force (IPF), as well as RFD and impulse at various time points. Forty-eight hours later, one-repetition maximum back squats were performed by each subject. Paired-samples t-tests revealed statistically significant differences between standing and lying measurements of MT (p < 0.001), PA (p < 0.001), and CSA (p ≤ 0.05), with standing values larger in all cases. Further, standing measures were correlated more strongly and abundantly to isometric and dynamic performance. These results suggest that if practitioners intend to gain insight into strength-power potential based on ultrasonography measurements, performing the measurement collection with the athlete in a standing posture may be preferred.
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Szegedi, Peter, Jordi Ferrer Riera, Joan Antoni Garcia-Espin, Markus Hidell, Peter Sjödin, Pehr Söderman, Marco Ruffini, et al. "Enabling future internet research : the FEDERICA case." KTH, Telekommunikationssystem, TSLab, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-59688.
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The Internet, undoubtedly, is the most influential technical invention of the 20th century that affects and constantly changes all aspects of our day-to-day lives nowadays. Although it is hard to predict its long-term consequences, the potential future of the Internet definitely relies on future Internet research. Prior to every development and deployment project, an extensive and comprehensive research study must be performed in order to design, model, analyze, and evaluate all impacts of the new initiative on the existing environment. Taking the ever-growing size of the Internet and the increasing complexity of novel Internet-based applications and services into account, the evaluation and validation of new ideas cannot be effectively carried out over local test beds and small experimental networks. The gap which exists between the small-scale pilots in academic and research test beds and the realize validations and actual deployments in production networks can be bridged by using virtual infrastructures. FEDERICA is one of the facilities, based on virtualization capabilities in both network and computing resources, which creates custom-made virtual environments and makes them available for Future Internet Researchers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research projects that have been using the virtual infrastructure slices of FEDERICA in order to validate their research concepts, even when they are disruptive to the test bed’s infrastructure, to obtain results in realistic network environments.© 2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. QC20120119
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Norling, Mattias. "Finding innovative capabilities and obstacles in a SME with outsourced production processes : A case study of a Swedish manufacturer of electric devices." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27590.
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Introduction and purpose: Innovation has become an increasingly important part of organizational development, both product development and process development. This due to globalization and increased competitiveness on the market. Innovation is about to develop and adapt strategies to focal organization, and to improve capabilities that is useful for current situation and circumstances. This is something that has proved to be difficult for organizations. The case organization in this thesis work perceive to find strategies for how to structure their work with innovation management, by make use of the skills and available resources. The purpose of this thesis work is to identify obstacles that prevent innovation and to suggest how a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) with outsourced production can improve their innovation capabilities to be more competitive in market. Method: This thesis work is based on information collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews with managers within a case organization. The interviews were carried out in order to create an understanding of current organization. Chosen questions concerned how the organization are working with innovation management. Results: Obstacles for innovation capabilities can be based on several different factors. For example, an obstacle in this case could be lack of internal competencies, lack of communication between the organizational departments or too extensive project. Such obstacles are commonly expressed within the organization. Even, unexpressed obstacles could be another factor. Structure and definition of the innovation work, or outsourced production processes which results in limited possibility for impact, are examples for unexpressed obstacles. Both types have a significant impact on innovation capabilities, but it may be different to encode. Conclusion: Through this thesis work, several obstacles that prevent innovation in organization have been identified. These obstacles regarding to structure and develop an internal functioning work with innovation, were all concerned parts promotes for an innovative organization. Increased market knowledge and external collaborations are also important strategies for SME organizations with outsourced production processes to consider, in order to improve their innovation capabilities. Keywords: Innovation Management, Innovation with outsourced production, Innovative culture, Be innovative with existing resources, Increase innovation capabilities.
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Muhammed, Idris Zehrudin [Verfasser], Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Kühnle, and Arndt [Akademischer Betreuer] Lüder. "Advanced production systems : developing context-oriented method and adaptation capabilities for enhanced supply network / Idris Zehrudin Muhammed. Betreuer: Hermann Kühnle ; Arndt Lüder." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054638675/34.
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Borbon, Galvez Yari. "Capabilities meet regulation : the compliance processes of Mexican food supply chains with United States biosecurity regulations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45518/.
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This thesis explores how Mexican fresh produce supply chains have responded to US bio-security regulations designed to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of imported food. It explores the compliance processes, which are theorised using a framework drawn from the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Supply Chain Governance (SCG) literatures. The constructs developed herein regarding capabilities and supply chain ‘governance structures' complement previous Regulation Studies (RS) explaining compliance behaviour. The thesis analysed 12 case studies, and tested causal conditions of compliance using a multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA) method. The main results show: 1) the pathways to meet the regulatory requirements; 2) the limited diversity of capabilities associated with higher levels of compliance; and 3) the importance of tight supply chain coordination to source and exchange knowledge for compliance, regardless of how or who governs the supply chain. The thesis contributes to various academic debates. It removes the RVB assumptions that resources and capabilities are intrinsically valuable and complementary, and therefore contributes towards making the theory less tautological. It shows how SCG benefits when the effects of supply chain integration and coordination are examined independently. It differentiates between firms lacking willingness and firms lacking capabilities to comply, making it possible to define suitable regulatory strategies for each type of firm. The thesis makes a methodological contribution as it is one of the first studies applying the mvQCA in Science, Technology and Innovations Studies (STIs). The new methodology is used here to test the causal conditions of compliance, but can also be applied to innovative performance more generally. The thesis concludes by showing how US regulations were effective in achieving their regulatory aims without significant negative consequences, and suggesting that STI regulatory policies can be used to increase business engagement to prevent the intentional and accidental contamination of the food chain.
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Nordin, Evelina, and Dervisevic Sebila. "Company-specific production systems’ effect on continuous improvement work and organizational learning : A case study on Volvo Group Trucks Operations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36526.
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Learning organizations in combination with quality management practices and continuous improvement are well known and have throughout the decades seen many successful implementations. Implying that there are assorted collections of tools, strategies and implementation techniques which are accessible for organizations today. However, what has been seen as a strong and contemporary inclination across many manufacturing industries is to develop and deploy company-specific production system (XPS) in order to obtain a competitive advantage in today’s global and changing business domain. The purpose of this explorative and qualitative study aims therefore to inspect and explore the occurrence of how a tailored company-specific production system (XPS) attempts to assist as an improvement program to contribute to the continuous improvement work and organizational learning in a multinational organization. The study includes a case study conducted at Volvo Group Truck located in Skövde and their tailored XPS called VPS (Volvo Production System). A review of previous literature was conducted and therefore included in order to provide an understanding of the topic as well as the empirical findings for further grasping of how a tailored specific XPS has benefited the company towards an enhanced improvement work thus becoming a learning organization. Interviews and documentation as well as observations from a previous internship at the plant in Skövde were conducted and utilized in order to obtain the employee's perspective on the contribution towards the continuous improvement work and organizational learning. Further on, in order to get a wide-ranging perspective on this matter, interviews were also held with persons with different positions within the plant. Findings from the analysis indicated that the difference with implementing a tailored company specific production strategy in comparison to other systems is that it aids the organization towards developing an organizational culture, which will further assist in enhancing the continues improvement work and organisational learning. Empirical findings also suggested that supporting functions together with XPS makes the transition towards the changes happening in an organization much easier. It also appears that the infrastructure of support with the tools and structures that VPS brings, is an important aspect in how the VPS assists in fostering continuous improvement work. Furthermore these tools, methods and structures are developed and designed to support and encourage every employee to think outside the box in a more creative and innovative way which foster employees learning process. The conclusion is that supportive functions together with a tailored XPS contributes to a joined organisational culture where improving and learning is a natural activity therefore fostering continuous improvement work and becoming a learning organization.
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Westin, Johan. "How We Tr(eat) Animals : A political analysis of the problems faced with implementing the capabilities approach." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106485.
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The purpose of this study is to display and analyse the barriers of problems that makes it hard to implement the capabilities approach created by Amartya Sen and further developed by Martha C. Nussbaum. The latter is used in this essay. With the help from normative analysis the three barriers and the solutions will be discussed. The barriers are: Human resistance against equality, meat-masculinity and the paradox of eating meat. The solutions put forward to these barriers are: Animal citizenship and animal rights, in vitro meat production and categorization of meat. The barriers and solutions are discussed with the fact that violence and wars are declining in the world and reason and intelligence is increasing, but there are still problems for implementing the capabilities approach. The conclusions of the essay are that there are problems in our society which makes it harder for the capabilities approach to be implemented. There are also solutions to these problems, which are all long term consequences and changes. The conclusions highlights some of the problems in our society and tries to give a guide to how we can solve them.
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Harper, Sara. "Supply network configuration for small series, high-cost production : Exploring the European textile and apparel industry context." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23206.
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The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of supply network configuration (SNC) for small series production in high-cost contexts in relation to the textile/apparel industry. SNC encompasses strategic structural and infrastructural decisions at the supply chain level, motivated by capabilities/priorities. The key configuration decisions addressed concern textile/apparel production in Europe, with associated context-specific advantages and challenges. The thesis takes a particular focus on how practitioners consider these configurations and motivations. The thesis begins with identification of motivations for locating textile/apparel production in high-cost contexts, to capture the driving priorities. Thereafter, the thesis extends the focus beyond location motivations to identify the key SNC aspects and characteristics for small series production in high-cost contexts. These configuration-related aspects and capabilities are elaborated upon and modelled to understand how they are interrelated in textile/apparel industry contexts. The empirical work uses mixed-methods and seeks to bring together the relevant topics using a SNC and capabilities approach. The specific methods, Delphi study and interpretive structural modeling, are focused on sensitivity practitioner perspectives. Findings show multiple key motivations/capabilities for high-cost textile/apparel production, specifically small series production (customization); which is closely linked with several other priorities, including quality and flexibility/delivery. Expanding the view to the SNC aspects, the findings confirm and extend the literature regarding complexities, multi-level characteristics, synergies and trade-offs, and industry/location contingencies. Regarding this European textile/apparel context, several interrelated considerations create challenges with respect to balancing configuration, capabilities and location; in particular related to multiple priorities such as flexibility/delivery, quality, innovation/sustainability, and the level of product variety/customization. Several relational characteristics are also crucial, including focus on trust and information sharing, although, with a few significant exceptions, limited supplier integration levels are found. These findings indicate the need to build upon existing relationships to develop end-to-end digital connections. The thesis approaches issues at the intersection of theory and practice, regarding configuring supply networks for small series production in high-cost contexts. Practically, it develops an approach to evaluate and model decision aspects, demonstrating how this can be used with a variety of textile/apparel companies. Several extensions are required to support current and future state mapping, including developments related to the method and the addition of performance considerations. The thesis contributes to theory by broadening the focus on high-cost locations to include small series production and the SNC perspective. Thus, the research confirms multiple priorities including innovation and sustainability; additionally finding several challenges associated with small series textile/apparel production in high-cost contexts. Further research should extend the focus to understand (re)configuration processes, and implications on priorities like sustainable innovation.
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Eibich, Wiebke, and Marten Hein. "Global Sustainable Production : A case study of manufacturing units in differently industrialized countries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27041.
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Introduction: Producing on a global scale is attractive for multinational corporations (MNCs) due to production cost savings and the proximity as well as simplified access to new high growth markets. In order to be successful in foreign markets it is vital for MNCs to understand the local market conditions. In particular stakeholders, also referred to institutions, and their diverse demands are likely to vary among differently industrialized country markets. Additionally, sustainability has emerged as an inevitable topic for businesses and countries alike. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze different institutions and their demands in differently industrialized countries. Moreover, the aim is to describe and analyze capabilities that manufacturing companies can use to respond to these institutional demands in order to achieve a more sustainable production. Methodology: The research method employed is a single embedded case study consisting of one Scandinavian multinational machinery and construction equipment manufacturer with three production units located in Sweden, Bulgaria and China. Semi-structured interviews with managers, a supplementary questionnaire and a literature review on institutional and capability theory serve as sources for primary and secondary data collection. Findings: There are differences between institutional demands among differently industrialized countries. The research found that manufacturing units in developed and ECMs can respond to these institutional demands through different capabilities. Next to institutional demands there are certain institutional influences that are beyond the control of the MNC and can only be absorbed. By having a diverse set of economic-, natural- and social capabilities which are difficult to copy and that are corresponding to various institutional efficiency and legitimacy demands as well as influences manufacturing companies can create a more sustainable business. Research and practical implications: Future qualitative research could seek to explore whether the results of this study are congruent for companies operating in other industries and other countries. Next, future research could seek to explore whether there are more evident natural and social based capabilities existing in the field.Within praxis, it is critical for managers to be aware that each country has its distinctive context and that it is necessary to locally adapt in order to satisfy the prevailing market conditions. Besides it is essential not only to satisfy the customer demands but also to identify and respond to other institutional demands to create a more sustainable production. Keywords: Capabilities, institutions, efficiency and legitimacy demands as well as influences, differently industrialized country markets, sustainability, economic-, social- and natural value, imitability, manufacturing, MNC, global sustainable production
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Pozzi, Giulia. "Justice distributive, justice productive : l'approche par les capabilités entre fondation et application." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040203.
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Depuis Aristote, l’idée de justice est assimilée à celle de distribution. Or, à quelle démarche pourrait correspondre la réalisation de la justice capabilitaire, définie comme égale possibilité, pour chacun(e), de poursuivre sa « liberté réelle » ? Certains écrits de Sen suggèrent, selon une perspective qui pourrait être qualifiée de « post-marxiste », qu’il s’agirait de pouvoir subvenir aux besoins des personnes ; et ce, aux échelles sociale et globale. Je propose deux concepts pour préciser une telle formule : celle de « besoins-libertés », indiquant les besoins dont dépend l’accomplissement de la liberté réelle, et celle d’« empêchements », désignant ce qui fait obstacle à cette même liberté. La justice en ressort liée à l’idée de production d’au moins trois façons : les limitations de liberté sont toujours produites par des facteurs structurels, dont certains mécanismes de la production globale ; les revendications des personnes et des groupes constituent des indicateurs importants de ces mêmes limitations, et contribuent à produire un développement humain « par le bas ». J’applique ce cadre théorique à la structure socio-économique de la région frontalière entre le Mexique et les États-Unis, en montrant qu’il repose sur la privation de liberté qu’il inflige tout particulièrement aux femmes. Les dynamiques responsables d’une telle « qualité de vie », y compris celles qui relèvent de la sphère économique, tombent donc de plein droit sous la critique philosophico-politiqueEver since Aristotle, the idea of justice has been subsumed into the concept of distribution. Yet, what practice would correspond, from the point of view of capabilities, to the realization of justice, defined as the equal possibility, for all men and women, to pursue « real liberty » ? Certain of Sen’s writings would suggest, via a perspective that could be dubbed « post-Marxist », that it is essential to meet the needs of people, both at social and global levels. Specifying this notion, I propose two ideas : that of « needs-liberties », which reflects the needs that come about according to real liberty; and that of « impediments », representing that which poses obstacles to such liberty. Justice then comes to be relied to the idea of production in at least three ways : limitations to liberty are produced by structural factors, such as certain mechanisms of global production; the demands of people and groups constitute important indicators of these very limitations, and play a role in producing human development « from below » as it were. I apply this theoretical framework to the socioeconomic context of the border region between Mexico and the United States, demonstrating how it rely upon the deprivation of liberty, as it is particularly inflicted upon women. The dynamics responsible for such a « quality of life » including those relevant to the economic sphere, are logically placed under a politico-philosophic critique
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Rubertsson, Kim. "Food for thought: The meat industry - a threat to food security - Do consumers hold a moral responsibility to reduce meat consumption?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21417.
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Food security exist when every human being is able to obtain adequate food and be free from hunger. This thesis sets out to explore the moral responsibility of individuals to enhance food security in the world by their consumer choices. More specifically, this research will investigate the negative impact of the meat industry on food security in the world and whether this impact entails a moral responsibility upon individuals to reduce their meat consumption in order to enhance food security. With the capabilities approach and utilitarianism as the theoretical tools, based on the evidence and the method of argumentation, this thesis finds that consumers hold a responsibility to reduce meat consumption as it is highly detrimental to global food security, not only on a moral basis but as a matter of social justice in the world. The emphasis of reduced meat consumption should ideally be of industrially produced sources, as they have the largest impact on both food security and environmental degradation.
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Ascic, Ivana, and Josip Ascic. "Competitive manufacturing in a high cost environment." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40735.
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Background: The movement of production to low cost countries has been a prominent trend during recent decades. The offshoring trend has primarily been cost motivated and has had a negative impact on domestic economic growth. Manufacturing firms operating in a high cost environment must strive to develop core capabilities to enhance competitiveness. In this study, the focus is on operations capabilities and improvement areas in a specific context (i.e. high cost environment). Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate critical operations capabilities and improvement areas for competitive manufacturing in a high cost environment. Method: The research process is based on the evaluation of an existing framework of operations capabilities in a high cost environment. The study adopts a multiple case study approach in which three Swedish manufacturing firms are evaluated. The data collection was conducted through a quantitative part (i.e. questionnaire) and a qualitative part (i.e. workshop discussion). Findings: The findings revealed that 16 operations capabilities and ten improvement areas were considered critical in a high cost environment. Four critical capabilities (i.e. total cost, productivity, conformance and customization flexibility) are more prominent and appear in all three cases. Two critical improvement areas, total cost and dependability, are more prominent and have a higher occurrence. Implications: The practical implication of the study provides firms with an overview and better understanding of critical operations capabilities and potential improvement areas in a high cost environment. The theoretical implication of the study is that firm characteristics (e.g. size and position in the supply chain) influence the importance of each capability.
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Garrab, Mehdi. "L'apport des ressources, capacités et capacités dynamiques à la performance." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020075.
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Dans cette thèse nous avons tenté d’expliquer la performance des entreprises en se basant sur l’approche basée sur les ressources (RBV) et l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques (DCV),deux approches relevant de la théorie des ressources qui gagneraient à être intégrées. Pour aborder la problématique, nous avons développé deux axes de recherche : « La détention des ressources/capacités et la Performance » et « La gestion des ressources/capacités et la Performance ». Le premier modèle conceptuel a présenté les relations liant les différentes capacités opérationnelles à la performance. Le modèle conceptuel global a traité de la relation « Capacités opérationnelles – Environnement -Stratégie de diversification - Capacités dynamiques- Performance ». Notre posture épistémologique dans cette recherche se voulait positiviste. Au niveau des choix méthodologiques nous avons opté pour une démarche hypothético-déductive avec une approche quantitative basée sur des données secondaires collectées de la base de données française DIANE et des statistiques de l’INSEE, et pour évaluer les capacités nous avons eu recours à la méthode DEA. La première étude empirique a testé la relation capacités opérationnelles-performance sur quatre échantillons mono-sectoriels représentatifs de l’industrie manufacturière française : le secteur pharmaceutique, le secteur automobile, le secteur de la chimie et le secteur de l’habillement. La seconde étude empirique a testé le modèle mettant en relation les capacités opérationnelles, les capacités dynamiques, l’environnement et la diversification,sur la base d’un échantillon plurisectoriel regroupant les quatre secteurs. Les résultats ont permis de découvrir en premier lieu, l’importance de la capacité financière pour tous les secteurs, en deuxième lieu, le rôle modérateur de l’environnement et de la diversification et en troisième lieu l‘importance des capacités dynamiques d’apprentissage (d’absorption) et adaptative dans l’explication de la performance. Ces résultats peuvent servir les décisions managériales et l'action publiqueIn this thesis we have tried to explain business performance based on the resource-based View (RBV) and the Dynamic capabilities View (DCV), two approaches within the resource-based theory (RBT)that benefits from being integrated. To address the problem, we have developed two main stream of research: "The detention of resources / capabilities and performance" and "The management of resources / capabilities and performance." The first conceptual model presented the relations linking the various operational capabilities to performance. The global conceptual model has focused the relation “Ordinary capabilities – Environment – Diversification strategy- Dynamic capabilities –Performance”. Our epistemological position in this research wished to be positivist. At the methodological level we opted for a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative approach based on secondary data collected from the French database DIANE and INSEE statistics, and to evaluate capabilities we used the DEA method. The first empirical study that aims on “ordinary capabilities – performance” link, is based on four industries samples representing the French manufacturing industry: the pharmaceutical industry, the automotive industry, the chemical industry and the clothing industry. The second study tested the empirical model linking ordinary capabilities,dynamic capabilities, environment and diversification, based on a multisectorial sample comprising the four sectors. The results revealed first the importance of financial capability for all sectors, second the moderating role of the environment and the diversification and thirdly the magnitudes of dynamic learning (absorption) and adaptive capabilities in explaining performance. These results could serve managerial decisions and public policy
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Kalkan, Almina, and Johanna Wiss. "Alleviating poverty with new technology? : A field study of the implications of a new agriculture production methodin Zambia and the factors affecting its adoption." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Economics and Economic History, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54685.
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New technology and new innovations have for long been considered as a spring for growth. Conservation farming (CF) is a new production method introduced in rural Zambia and previous research shows that it increases yields and improves soil fertility. Even though the method is proven more efficient than conventional agriculture, only approximately 10 % of Zambia’s farmers have adopted the method. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the introduction of CF on the capabilities of farmers and on economic growth. Furthermore, the study aims to explore why CF, which is proven to be more economically efficient than the conventional method, is not adopted to a larger extent in Zambia.
A qualitative study of 25 farmers, farming with either CF or conventional methods, was performed in the region of Mumbwa, Zambia. The results were divided depending on whether the farmers were using the new method or not. To analyze the selected material theories were chosen that regard economic growth and technological change, the adoption process of new innovations, incentive creation and the expansion of capabilities.
The two groups showed differences in age, the size of their land, how many crops they grew and to what extent they were working for others or hiring labor. The conclusion from the small sample of farmers is that the farmers using CF had been able to expand their capabilities in different ways. They had food for all the year, the new method allowed them to plan their time better and it was more environmentally sustainable than the old method. The negative aspect of CF is that it is not compatible with the old method in terms of social norms. CF leads to a more efficient use of capital and labor and therefore it can increase the economic growth. In terms of a new innovation, CF seems to have a relative advantage over the old method but it must be spread to a larger group of farmers to reach a breakthrough. To create a higher adoption rate of the method the farmers’ perception must be taken into account.
Minor Field Study (Sida)
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Bahri, Armand Mohammadmahdi. "Apports des théories de la firme à l'étude des décisions d'internalisation de la production de la formation professionnelle." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090073.
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Malgré les enjeux stratégiques de l’organisation de la production de la formation professionnelle, très peu d’études empiriques ont été effectuées sur ce sujet. Cette lacune est particulièrement visible sur les choix de gouvernance, qui concernent la mobilisation des ressources et compétences internes ou le recours à des prestataires externes pour assurer les différentes étapes de conception et d’animation d’une action de formation. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les facteurs qui influent sur la décision d’internalisation ou d’externalisation de la production de la formation, à l’aide d’un modèle théorique issu des principales théories de la firme, à savoir la théorie des coûts de transaction et la (les) théorie(s) des ressources et compétences. Il me en évidence le lien entre les caractéristiques d’une action de formation (spécificité transactionnelle, spécificité foncière, récurrence, incertitude environnementale et interdépendance) et la décision d’internalisation. Cette relation est expliquée par un certain nombre de variables médiatrices liées à la perception des décideurs quant aux risques d’opportunisme et aux aptitudes de production et de coordination dont ils disposent en comparaison avec les prestataires externes. Le modèle théorique est mis à l’épreuve des faits à travers une étude de cas sur la direction de la formation du groupe Veolia. Nous avons mené dans un premier temps une étude qualitative pour mieux comprendre la façon dont les concepts du modèle émergent, prennent forme et influent sur la décision des praticiens dans le contexte de la production de la formation. Pour vérifier la validité des hypothèses avancées, nous avons ensuite conduit une démarche quantitative centrée sur un échantillon de 140 actions de formation, en mobilisant la méthode d’équations structurelle PLS (PLS-SEM). Les résultats obtenus apportent un éclairage significatif à l’analyse des décisions de gouvernance en matière de production de la formation professionnelle continue, et permettent également de souligner un certain nombre de lacunes sur les théories mobiliséesThe aim of this research is to study the factors that impact the decision to insource or outsource the production of vocational training programs, by using a theoretical model from the main theories of the firm, namely Transaction Cost Theory and Resources and Capabilities Theory. In doing so, we link the characteristics of a training program (transactional specificity, firm specificity, frequency, environmental uncertainty and interdependence) and insourcing decision. This relationship is explained by some mediating variables related to the perception of decision makers about the risks of opportunism and their productive and coordinative capabilities in comparison with external training providers. The theoretical model was tested through a case study on the training direction of Veolia group. We first performed a qualitative study to better understand how the concepts of our model, emerge, take shape and influence the decision of practitioners in the context of training production. Then, in order to test the validity of our hypothesis, we conducted a quantitative study based on a sample of 140 training programs, by using the method of structural equations modeling. The results provide both a detailed analysis of training production governance and a critical assessment of the theories of the firm
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Rech, Carlos Henrique Benevenuto. "Avaliação das capacidades organizacional e operacional de um banco para a coprodução de serviços de telecomunicações de dados." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4569.
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Este trabalho analisou as capacidades organizacionais e operacionais de um banco para a coprodução de serviços de telecomunicações de dados. Nele, o construto capacidade para coprodução de serviços de telecomunicação foi operacionalizado através da mensuração de oito dimensões formadoras das capacidades organizacionais e operacionais de coprodução de serviços, desenvolvidas em estudo exploratório anterior de Teixeira (2010) e ampliado através de estudo posterior desenvolvido por Przyczynski (2013). Buscando ampliar os estudos desenvolvidos por esses autores, foi selecionada uma grande instituição financeira no Brasil para aplicação de pesquisa que contou com uma amostra final de 299 agências. Os resultados estatísticos demonstraram que 6 construtos são responsáveis por 27,8% da percepção de falhas. Também sugeriu que os construtos Capacitação Funcional, Gerenciamento de Instalações e Gerenciamento de Equipamentos exercem maior influência sobre Percepção de Falhas, seguidos de Planejamento Estratégico e, por fim, Segurança. Quanto à significância, Capacitação Funcional foi altamente significativa, seguida de Gerenciamento de Equipamentos e Gerenciamento de Instalações.
This work analyzed the organizational and operational capabilities of a bank for co-production of data telecommunications services. The construct ability to co-produce telecommunication services has been operationalized through the measurement of eight dimensions forming organizational and operational capabilities of service co-production, developed in previous exploratory study of Teixeira (2010) and expanded later by study developed by Przyczynski (2013). Seeking to expand the studies developed by the authors, a large financial institution in Brazil has been selected in order to apply the survey instrument to a final sample of 299 branches. Statistical results show that 6 constructs are responsible for 27.8% of service failure. Results also suggest that the constructs Functional Training, Facilities Management and Equipment Management exerts greater influence on Perception of Failure, followed by Strategic Planning and, finally, Security. As for significance, Functional Training was highly significant, followed by Equipment Management and Equipment Facilities.
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Kuan, Ming Leong. "Manufacturing productive capabilities : industrial policy and structural transformation in Singapore." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709412.
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Eriksson, Anders, and Anes Music. "Organizational readiness for the implementation of robots in collaborative environments: a case study." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54516.
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The concept Industry 4.0 brings several technologies that could be useful for the factories and manufacturers to become more competitive. One of these technologies is the robots in collaborative environments which operate fenceless together with the operators. The interest of these robots in the manufacturing sector has been getting more attention in recent years. These implementation types require the organizations to determine their readiness levels to have success with the robot. Currently, the successful implantations of the robots in collaborative environments in industry are few, and the success factors must be mapped. Therefore, investigating the potential barriers, enablers and establishing a road map for a case company could be useful to fill this gap and assist the organizations with what is necessary to accomplish a successful implementation. A case study was conducted at a manufacturing company in Sweden, which allowed for insights into how an actual organization approaches the situation. The case company organization was in the process of acquiring a robot in a collaborative environment, hence, the data from the case company was relevant to answer the research questions. Furthermore, the data was collected using interviews, observations, and documents at the case company. A literature review was performed to provide information regarding the common factors within a RCE implementation, which also was a base for the interview guide. The data was analysed by comparing the theoretical framework and with the empirical findings to bring forth a conclusion and to establish a road map for the case company. A road map was created with sets of questions to address the identified barriers and enablers found in both literature and at the case company. The constructed road map contains questions concerning the areas of knowledge about the robot in collaborative environments, communication & information, organizational aspects, and resistance towards the change. By addressing the questions developed in the framework, the organization could get an advantage when considering the implementation of the robot. For the case company, as they are further along in the process, the road map could indicate how well they have performed in current projects. Furthermore, it could generate a more successful project the next time.
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Kiste, Ricardo Patricio. "Proposta de um método de avaliação e gestão da base de fornecedores da cadeia têxtil com foco nas competências operacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-20072016-091158/.
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Este trabalho se propõe a desenvolver um método de avaliação da base de fornecedores da cadeia de suprimentos têxtil com foco na realização de uma auditoria das competências operacionais que avalie as práticas da organização auditada em relação aos objetivos de desempenho em qualidade, custo e entrega (QCE). O método proposto deve apoiar as etapas de qualificação, de tomada de decisão e de monitoramento no processo de avaliação da base de fornecedores. A abordagem proposta para a elaboração do método foi a de adotar as práticas promovidas pelo pensamento enxuto, devido às necessidades do setor têxtil no contexto atual. O método foi elaborado a partir de modelos de avaliação sistemática de competências sob a perspectiva do pensamento enxuto. O primeiro objetivo buscado neste trabalho foi verificar se a abordagem de verificar a adoção das práticas promovidas pelo pensamento enxuto pode ser estendida para o processo de avaliação das competências operacionais dos fornecedores em relação aos objetivos de QCE no contexto da cadeia têxtil. O segundo objetivo foi elaborar e testar um método de avaliação das competências operacionais dos fornecedores em relação aos objetivos de QCE baseado na abordagem do pensamento enxuto. O terceiro objetivo foi de explorar como o método proposto para avaliação de fornecedores pode ser utilizado para enriquecer as etapas de tomada de decisão e de monitoramento no processo de avaliação da base de fornecedores em uma organização. Para buscar estes objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em organizações da cadeia têxtil brasileira. Os métodos de pesquisa aplicados foram a observação participante, que foi aplicado pelo pesquisador em 10 em organizações enquanto registrava as observações e levantava os dados necessários, a pesquisa quase-experimental e a aplicação do método proposto no direcionamento do monitoramento de fornecedores, ambos aplicados em 6 organizações onde o pesquisador realizou observações e entrevistas para coleta de dados. Também foram coletados dados referentes a estas 6 organizações numa organização compradora que é cliente das mesmas. Os dados coletados serviram para verificar a aderência desses fornecedores às práticas de produção enxuta, bem como a relação entre estas práticas e o desempenho histórico dos fornecedores. Da análise desses dados, resultaram recomendações para apoiar a tomada de decisão sobre a forma de tratar cada fornecedor a qual foi comparada com a que a organização compradora havia decidido. Os dados também foram utilizados para analisar cada fornecedor por meio de uma matriz que relaciona suas competências operacionais em termos de QCE com a importância que a organização compradora atribui a cada um desses objetivos. A conclusão da pesquisa é de que o método proposto é adequado para avaliar fornecedores na cadeia têxtil, porém revelou ter limitações para ser usado na avaliação de fornecedores posicionados em determinadas partes da cadeia. Também é mostrado que o método proposto pode ajudar a organização compradora a evitar decisões equivocadas na tomada de decisão e que pode ainda ajudar a refinar o monitoramento da base de fornecedores.This study aims to develop a method of evaluation of the textile supply chain supplier base focusing the realization of an audit of operational capabilities to assess the practices of the audited organization in relation to performance goals in quality, cost and delivery (QCD). The proposed method should support the steps of qualification, decision-making and monitoring in the evaluation of the supply base. The approach proposed for the development of the method was to adopt the practices promoted by lean thinking, in face of the needs of the textile sector in the current context. The method was developed based on models of systematic evaluation of capabilities from the lean thinking perspective. The first objective pursued in this work was to examine whether the approach to verify the adoption of practices promoted by lean thinking can be extended to the process of evaluating the suppliers\' operational capabilities regarding QCD goals in the context of the textile chain. The second objective was to develop and test a method for assessing the suppliers\' operational capabilities regarding QCD goals based on the lean thinking approach. The third objective was to explore how the proposed method for supplier assessment can be used to enrich the steps of decision-making and monitoring in the evaluation of supplier base in an organization. To pursue these objectives a field research was conducted in organizations of the Brazilian textile chain. The applied research methods were participant observation, which was applied by the author in 10 organizations while he registered observations and raised the required data, quasi-experimental research and the application of the proposed method in guidance of supplier monitoring, both applied in 6 organizations where the author conducted observations and interviews to collect data. Data on these 6 organizations were also collected in an organization which is their client. The collected data served to examine the adherence of these suppliers to lean manufacturing practices and the relationship between these practices and the suppliers\' historical performance. The analysis of these data rendered recommendations to support decision making as for how to deal with each supplier which was compared to the decision the client-organization had taken. The data were also used to analyze each supplier through a matrix that relates their operational skills in QCD with the importance given by the client-organization to each of these goals. The conclusion of the research is that the proposed method is suitable for evaluating suppliers in the textile chain, but revealed limitations to be used in the assessment of vendors placed in certain parts of the chain. It is also shown that the proposed method can assist the client organization to avoid wrong decisions in decision making and can also be helpful to refine the monitoring of the supplier base.
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Dolisy, Dominique. "En quête d’un dispositif de prises pour une démocratie nucléaire. La centrale de Nogent-sur-Seine saisie dans son milieu." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH057.
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Depuis la catastrophe de Fukushima, un accident nucléaire est devenu davantage ima- ginable, puisqu’il est dit « être possible » selon les autorités, voire inéluctable, en Europe, selon certains experts. En France, la majorité habite à moins de 200 km d’une centrale nucléaire (plus de 9 millions autour de la Centrale de Nogent/Seine à moins de 100 km). C’est pourquoi les autorités en France se sont penchées sur le problème du post-accidentel bien avant cet accident (Doctrine). Cependant, afin de pouvoir se faire une idée du monde qui pourrait en résulter, il est nécessaire -avant- d’avoir une certaine prise sur ce qui se passe au niveau des rejets et prélèvements dans l’environnement, en temps de routine(points de rejets ou de prélèvements, mesures, contrôles, effets cumulés). L’optique choisie n’est pas celle d’une accusation d’un manque de transparence (le mythe de la transparence étant d’ailleurs dénoncé), mais celle de se donner les moyens de raisonnement pour avoir cette « vigilance » tant mise en avant dans les Textes ou Discours, mais qui est rarement assortie d’éléments concrets concernant la vie des gens.Notre thèse repose sur le fait qu’une forte croyance dans l’absence de risque en France fondée sur la confiance n’est pas la solution et qu’il faut rechercher des éléments de prise reliant la personne avec son environnement, celle-ci se trouvant déconnectée de son milieu. A partir d’une enquête ethnologique en tant que membre d’une commission locale d’information et en nous appuyant, d’une part, sur la mésologie (La poétique de la Terre d’Augustin Berque) et, d’autre part, sur la Théorie de la prise et la Balistique sociologique de Francis Chateauraynaud, nous proposons une démarche, première ébauche d’un guide, à partir de questions-objet-de-la-prise qui nous concernent tous. .Since the catastrophe of Fukushima, a nuclear accident has become more imaginable since it is said to be “possible” according to the authorities, or even inevitable, in Europe, according to some experts. In France, the majority of people lives within 200 km of a nuclear power plant (more than 9 million around the Nogent/Seine Nuclear Plant within 100 km). This is why the authorities in France have been studying the post-accident problem well before this accident (Doctrine). However, in order to be able to get an idea of the world that could result from it, it is necessary -before- to have a certain information on what is going on about the pollutant releases and the taking of water, in the environment, in routine time (including the cumulative effects). The chosen perspective is not that of an accusation of a lack of transparency (the myth of transparency is also denounced), but that of giving oneself the means of reasoning to have this “vigilance” so much pushed forward in Texts or Speeches, but which is rarely accompanied by positive elements concerning people’s lives.Our thesis is based on the fact that a strong belief in the absence of risk in France based on trust is not the solution and that it is necessary to look for gripping elements on our environment, because we are disconnected from our milieu. Based on an ethnological survey as a member of a local information commission and, on the one hand, on the Mesology(The Poetics of the Earth by Augustin Berque) and, on the other hand, on the Theory of the Empowerment and the Sociological Balistics of Francis Chateauraynaud, we propose an approach, first draft of a guide, from questions-object-of-the-control-over-our-environment which concern all of us
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Guillard, Charlotte. "Rethinking economic growth and structural change : the role of boundaries and linkages between industries." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB022.
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Le développement économique est associé à des changements des structures de production et d'exportation. Chaque pays maîtrise un ensemble de capacités, c'est-à-dire un ensemble de tâches et de connaissances nécessaires à la réalisation de certains produits. La maîtrise de capacités supplémentaires permet aux pays de produire des produits ou des technologies plus complexes. Comprendre le développement économique implique de comprendre comment les pays peuvent ajouter de nouveaux produits à leur panier de production et d'exportation et développer des industries particulières. Chaque industrie a des caractéristiques spécifiques en termes de capacités,de technologies et de connaissances et en termes de nature de leur production. Dans cette thèse, je fournis des évidences empiriques de l'importance des frontières et des liens entre les industries pour comprendre le changement structurel et la dynamique de la croissance économique. Le chapitre 2 propose une nouvelle méthodologie pour identifier les patrons d'organisation des industries et leur évolution dans le temps. Pour ce faire, j'analyse la structure de cluster du réseau de produits construit à partir de données d'exportation. Les résultats montrent que les produits se regroupent selon différents facteurs : leur complexité et leurs domaines technologiques, l'abondance de main-d’œuvre peu qualifiée ou des ressources naturelles dont ils ont besoin, ainsi que les chaînes de valeur mondiales et l'intégration verticale de leur processus de production. De plus, les résultats montrent que les domaines technologiques et les frontières entre les industries ne sont pas toujours clairs et peuvent évoluer avec le temps.Dans le chapitre 3, j'étudie la dynamique de la croissance économique en examinant les caractéristiques et les déterminants des transitions entre les différents régimes de croissance à moyen terme (croissance rapide, croissance lente et récession) en utilisant un modèle semi-markovien. Les résultats indiquent que l'effet du secteur manufacturier sur la croissance économique est loin d'être uniforme et que la mesure de la structure économique importe également. De plus, les clusters de produits ayant une intensité technologique similaire jouent un rôle différent dans la dynamique de la croissance, et les chaînes de valeur mondiales (CVM) peuvent expliquer certaines de ces différences. En outre, bien que l'industrie textile soit souvent considérée comme un tremplin vers l'industrialisation, dans cette étude, l'effet de ce cluster est négatif dans de nombreux cas. Enfin, cette analyse met en évidence la présence de «pièges de récession», largement induits par une plus grande spécialisation des clusters manufacturiers basés sur les ressources naturelles. Les différences entre les industries affectent non seulement le processus de croissance du fait d’écarts de productivité, mais aussi à travers la stimulation qu'elles fournissent au reste de l’économie par le biais de liens en amont et en aval. Le chapitre 4 examine l'impact des interconnexions entre les industries sur les performances économiques, en se concentrant sur la dynamique de la demande (c'est-à-dire les liens en amont). L’assouplissement de deux hypothèses fortes associées au calcul traditionnel du multiplicateur de production permet d'estimer le degré de réponse aux chocs de demande des industries fournisseurs. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe des différences significatives entre les industries et les pays. Les industries manufacturières, et en particulier les biens de consommation finale, ont tendance à être moins sensibles aux chocs de la demande par rapport aux services. Des différences importantes sont également observées entre les pays, car les industries manufacturières des pays développés ont tendance à être moins sensibles aux chocs de la demande que dans les pays en développementEconomic development is associated with changes in production and export structures. Each country masters a set of capabilities, i.e. a set of tasks and knowledge necessary for the realization of some products. Mastering additional capabilities allows countries to produce more complex products or technologies. Understanding economic development involves understanding how countries can add new products to their production and export basket and develop particular industries. Each industry has specific characteristics in terms of capabilities, technologies and knowledge and in terms of the nature of their production. In this thesis, I provide empirical evidence of the importance of both boundaries and linkages between industries to understand structural change and the dynamics of economic growth. Chapter 2 proposes a new methodology for identifying patterns of organization of industries and their evolution over time. To do this, I analyze the cluster structure of the product network built from export data. Results show that products cluster according to different factors: their complexity and technological domains, the abundance of low-skilled labor or of natural resources they require, as well as global value chains and vertical integration of their production process. Moreover, I find that technological domains and boundaries between industries are not always clear-cut and can evolve over time. In chapter 3, I study the dynamics of economic growth by examining the characteristics and determinants of transitions between different medium-term growth regimes (rapid growth, slow growth and recession) using a semi-Markov framework. Results indicate that the effect of the manufacturing sector on economic growth is far from uniform and that the measure of economic structure also matters. In addition, clusters with similar technological intensity play a different role in the dynamics of growth, and, global value chains (GVCs) may explain some of these differences. Furthermore, although the textile industry is often seen as a steppingstone to industrialization, in this study the effect of this cluster is negative in many cases. Finally, this analysis highlights the presence of “recession traps”, which are largely driven by a greater specialization natural resources-based manufacturing clusters. Differences between industries affect not only the growth process through productivity gaps, but also the stimulation they provide to the rest of the economy through upstream and downstream linkages. Chapter 4 examines the impact of inter-industry interconnections on economic performance,focusing on demand dynamics (i.e. backward linkages). I relax two strong assumptions associated with the traditional calculation of the output multiplier, which makes it possible to estimate the degree of response to demand shocks from the supplying industries. Results show that there are significant differences across industries and countries. Manufacturing industries, and in particular final consumer goods ones, tend to be less responsive to shocks in demand relative to services. Significant differences are also observed between countries since manufacturing industries in developed countries tend to be less sensitive to demand shocks than in developing countries
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Percher, Camille. "Le concept de travail décent à l'épreuve du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2110.
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Le concept de travail décent a été présenté par le Directeur général du Bureau international du travail, en 1999, comme l’objectif prioritaire de l’Organisation internationale du travail permettant à chaque femme et chaque homme d’exercer une activité dans des conditions de liberté, d’équité, de sécurité et de dignité. Il regroupe quatre piliers interdépendants que sont l’emploi, la protection sociale, le dialogue social et la promotion des droits au travail. De manière inédite, l’OIT impose un cadre d’action pour tous les États membres. Evoluant en fonction des conditions socio-économiques de chaque État membre, le concept de travail décent est susceptible d’être défini localement tout en ayant un contour universel. La traduction du concept est facilitée par le biais des programmes par pays de travail décent (PPTD), relevant de la coopération technique du BIT, et des indicateurs mesurant le travail décent. Le concept apparaît alors comme un objectif de portée universelle et non comme une norme juridique. Si la coopération technique de l’OIT facilite la réalisation du travail décent, son action normative est également essentielle. L’action normative doit aussi s’orienter vers le concept de travail décent, comme le montrent la Convention du travail maritime adoptée par la Conférence internationale du travail en 2006 et la Convention n°189 concernant le travail décent des travailleurs domestiques adoptée en 2011. Toutefois, perçu comme un slogan politique pour redonner une visibilité à l’OIT, fragilisée par le contexte de la mondialisation, le concept de travail décent a été critiqué pour son caractère minimaliste et ignoré au sein de l’UE. La confrontation entre le concept de travail décent et le droit de l’Union révèle alors un paradoxe entre l’accroissement des conditions de vie et de travail indécentes au profit d’un renforcement du droit du marché du travail ainsi que du droit du marché intérieur et l’engagement de tous les États membres de l’UE d’être liés à la Déclaration de l’OIT de 1998. Pourtant, la situation économique et sociale actuelle au sein de l’Union européenne interroge sur la nécessité et la possibilité d’intégrer le concept de travail décent, qui révèle une approche particulière du travail, en droit de l’Union européenne. En effet, la réflexion sur un régime de travail réellement humain centrée sur les valeurs de justice sociale et de dignité humaine trouve tout son sens dans le contexte actuel de la gouvernance économique au sein de l’Union européenne et des mesures d’austérité envisageant le travail sous l’angle du marché et des échanges. La justice sociale dans le sens que lui a donné la Déclaration de Philadelphie de 1944 puis le concept de travail décent, c’est-à-dire celui de l’action, est aujourd’hui indispensable pour la protection des personnes et de l’environnement. La situation actuelle au sein de l’UE constitue donc un enjeu pour l’OIT dans sa capacité à imposer la traduction du concept de travail décent en droit social européen et pour l’UE elle-même. Le concept de travail décent propose des solutions pour l’action normative, il implique des exigences pour le législateur et le juge de l’UE. A l’instar de l’OIT, l’UE doit orienter son action normative vers le concept de travail décent pour renforcer la place des droits sociaux fondamentaux face aux libertés économiques. Cette nouvelle orientation nécessite alors pour l’UE de prendre appui sur les instruments de l’OIT, en particulier sur ses conventions et déclarations ainsi que sur la coopération technique prenant en compte ses spécificitésThe concept of decent work has been presented by the Director-General of the International Labour Office, in 1999, as an International Labour Organisation’s priority objective enabling every woman and man to exercise an activity in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. This concept brings together four independent pillars that are employment, social protection, social dialogue, respecting, promoting and realizing the fundamental principles and rights at work. In a new way, the ILO imposes a framework of action for all Member States. Depending on the socio-economic conditions in each Member State, the concept of decent work is likely to be defined locally while having a universal outline. The translation of the concept is facilitated through Decent Work Country Programs (DWCPs) under ILO technical cooperation, and indicators measuring decent work. The concept of decent work therefore appears as an objectif of universal scope and not as a legal norm. If ILO’s technical cooperation facilitates the achievement of decent work, its normative action is also essential. Normative action must also be directed towards the concept of decent work, as reflected in the Maritime Labour Convention adopted, in 2006, by the International Labour Conference and in the Convention n° 189 concerning decent work for domestic workers adopted in 2011. The concept of decent work, seen as a political slogan to give visibility to the ILO, weakened by the contexte of globalization, was criticized for its minimalist nature and ignored within the European Union. The confrontation between the concept of decent work and the law of the European Union reveals a paradox between the increase in indecent living and working conditions in favor of a strengthening of labor market law and market law and the commitment of all EU member states to be linked to the ILO Declaration of 1998. Yet, the current economic and social situation in the European Union raises the question of the need and possibility of integrating the concept of decent work, which reveals a particular approach to work, in European Union law. Reflection on humane conditions of labour centered on the values of social justice and human dignity makes sense in the current context of economic governance in the European Union and the austerity measures considering the work from the perspective of the market and trade. Social justice in the sense given to it by the Declaration of Philadelphia of 1944 and then the concept of decent work, that is to say the principle of action, is today indispensable for the protection of people and the environment. The current situation in the EU is therefore an issue for the ILO in its own ability to impose the translation of the concept of decent work into European social law and for the EU itself. The concept of decent work proposes solutions for normative action and thus it implies requirements for the legislator and the judge of the EU. Like the ILO, the EU must direct its normative action towards the concept of decent work to strengthen the place of fundamental social rights in the face of economic freedoms. This new approach requires the EU to build on ILO’ instruments, in particular on its conventions and declarations and on technical cooperation taking into account its specificities
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Guidez, Ludovic. "Conception de cartes de contrôle assistée par ordinateur et calculs de capabilités appliqués aux processus non gaussiens : application à la production d'embrayages." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1068.
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La MSP (Maîtrise Statistique des Processus), fournit à l'opérateur une information immédiate et objective sur la performance du procédé qu'il pilote. L'opérateur peut alors agir rapidement sur son procédé pour éviter qu'une non conformité apparaisse. C'est l'un des objectifs majeurs recherché par les politiques qualité des organisations industrielles actuelles. Nos recherches ont contribué chez Valeo Embrayages à Amiens à modifier la philosophie MSP de Shewhart [She, 1932] et de Ford [For, 1991] aux exigences des processus de fabrication d'embrayages. Trois domaines ont été améliorés : I/ Une assistance informatique et visuelle a été mise en place pour proposer à l'opérateur des solutions correctives adaptées aux anomalies détectées par les cartes de contrôle. II/ Les nouvelles cartes de contrôle de type Shewhart ont été mises en place sur des processus série. Ces cartes tiennent compte des tolérances pour calculer les limites de contrôle. Les risques statistiques α et β sont choisis. La taille d'échantillon n est calculée. Elles sont appropriées pour mettre sous contrôle les procédés avec usure progressive des outils. Un outil informatique d'aide a la décision pour concevoir des cartes de contrôle de type shewhart a été développé. L'apport de cet outil présente deux avantages majeurs. D'une part le développement de ce système permet l'élaboration d'un mode de traduction des objectifs de l'industriel en caractéristiques statistiques d'une carte de contrôle. D'autre part, l'outil peut être utilisé par des non spécialistes de la MSP. III/ Dans l'industrie automobile, les indicateurs de capabilité classiques ont une importance contractuelle (client/fournisseur) et décisionnelle majeure. Suite à l'article de Günter [Gun, 89] dénonçant l'impact de la non normalité sur les résultats de capabilité, nous avons défini des formules de calcul adaptées aux processus non gaussiens. Nous proposons des solutions pour calculer des capabilités avec des lois unimodales dissymétriques ou des lois multimodales.
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Bergeron, David. "Personne en situation de handicap, soutien à domicile et intervention psychosociale dans le cadre du programme Déficience physique à l'intérieur de deux Centres de santé et de services sociaux du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5651.
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Au Québec, la pratique d'intervention psychosociale en soutien à domicile auprès des personnes ayant des déficiences physiques est étroitement liée à l'offre de services de première ligne définie par le Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS).Au cours des trente dernières années, cette pratique s'est transformée sous l'effet des nombreuses réformes qui ont modifié l'organisation des services et l'approche d'intervention dans ce secteur. La pratique psychosociale, qui est héritière de la discipline du travail social, a également subi l'influence des politiques sociales. Or, ces politiques, qui mettent l'accent sur l'égalisation des chances et qui valorisent le domicile, ont été façonnées par les pressions en provenance du mouvement des personnes handicapées, mais aussi par les travaux de révision de la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps (CIDIH). Toutefois, en dépit des changements introduits par ces réformes et du développement des connaissances dans le champ du handicap, les pratiques d'intervention auprès des personnes présentant des déficiences physiques demeurent un sujet peu documenté. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons décidé de mener une recherche qualitative, de nature descriptive et à visée exploratoire, afin de mieux cerner comment se pose l'intervention psychosociale dans le secteur du soutien à domicile. Notre question de recherche était la suivante: Comment les personnes ayant des incapacités en lien avec une déficience physique et les intervenants sociaux qui les accompagnent, expérimentent-ils l'intervention psychosociale en soutien à domicile dans le programme Déficience physique (DP) des Centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS) au Québec? Ce questionnement prend appui sur la politique À part entière (OPHQ, 2009), qui prône la participation sociale des personnes handicapées. Dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous avons exploré l'intervention psychosociale auprès de deux types d'acteurs, en l'occurrence les personnes-usagères du programme DP recevant des services de soutien à domicile d'un CSSS et les intervenants psychosociaux travaillant dans ce secteur. La posture critique que nous avons adoptée dans notre recherche s'inscrit dans une volonté de favoriser la participation sociale des personnes marginalisées, notamment celles expérimentant des situations de handicap. Pour ce faire, nous avons ancré notre questionnement dans une source théorique principale, en l'occurrence le Processus de production du handicap (PPH), qui fournit les assises de la politique À part entière . De façon complémentaire, nous avons emprunté des éléments à l'approche par les capabilités (AC) et à celle axée sur le développement du pouvoir d'agir des personnes et des collectivités (DPA). L' approche par les capabilités (AC) nous a ainsi permis de poser la question du sujet dans le processus de production du handicap. De l'approche du pouvoir d'agir, nous avons retenu la dimension structurelle des problèmes sociaux et la prise en compte du point de vue des personnes concernées dans la définition du problème et des solutions envisageables, lesquelles constituent dans le processus de production du handicap autant de préalables à la participation sociale. Les, résultats de notre analyse nous ont permis de mettre en évidence les points de vue des personnes-usagères et des intervenants psychosociaux. Aussi, le contexte particulier de l'intervention à domicile, le visage pluriel de l'intervention psychosociale à domicile et, enfin, l'influence exercée par les instruments d'évaluation standardisés sur le processus d'intervention ont aussi émergé avec force. Nos résultats de recherche nous permettent de faire ressortir l'unicité des situations de handicap et du vécu subjectif relié à ces situations, l'importance de la relation de confiance unissant la personne-usagère et l'intervenant psychosocial et, enfin, l'étendue d'une intervention psychosociale qui tantôt se limite au domicile de la personne recevant des services du programme DP, tantôt s'inscrit dans une vision plus vaste de la communauté.
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Meurier, Marie. "Les capacités dynamiques et leurs facteurs d'influence dans des contextes réticulaires : une étude exploratoire dans des réseaux territorialisés de la région PACA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2021.
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La capacité dynamique d'une organisation est son aptitude à constamment modifier et faire évoluer ses ressources, ses compétences et ses processus afin de répondre aux exigences de son environnement, et d'être proactive vis-à-vis de celui-ci. Cependant, il est constaté que le lien entre capacités dynamiques et relations inter-organisationnelles reste peu développé dans la littérature. Pour cette raison, notre questionnement est de savoir si l'environnement réticulaire, de par ses caractéristiques structurelles et contextuelles, est propice au déploiement et à la création des capacités dynamiques. Il s'agit de s'interroger sur les processus qui permettent le déploiement, la détection et la création de capacités dynamiques, de voir si elles opèrent individuellement ou en combinaison, et comprendre comment elles évoluent. Aussi, nous nous interrogeons sur le caractère inter-organisationnel des capacités dynamiques. Peuvent-elles être construites ou émerger de l'interaction ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi de mener notre étude dans des réseaux territorialisés dans la région PACA. Les entretiens menés montrent la nécessité de prendre en compte les actions collectives initiées par ces réseaux d'organisations et le rôle de la proximité (au sens large) comme leviers à la mise en oeuvre des capacités dynamiques des entreprises adhérentes ou d'émergence des « capacités dynamiques réticulaires ». Les résultats de recherche nous permettent d'affirmer le rôle des facteurs structurels et contextuels des réseaux sur le déploiement et la création des CD et de caractériser celles-ci dans ce contexte de réseau territorialiséThe dynamic capability of an organization is its ability to constantly change and develop its resources, skills and processes to meet the needs of, and act upon its changing environment. However, the link between dynamic capabilities (DC) and inter-organizational relationships is rarely developed in the literature. Therefore, our dissertation deals with whether the network environment, through its structural and contextual characteristics, is suitable for the deployment and the development of DC. We question the processes that enable the deployment, detection and the creation of DC to understand whether DCs operate individually or in combination, and try to understand which DCs operate. Also, we question the inter-organizational nature of dynamic capabilities in territorial networks. Can DC be built or emerge from interactions in these networks? To answer these questions, we chose to conduct in-depth interviews in different territorial networks in the PACA region in France. Results of this empirical study show the need to take into account collective actions initiated by these networks of organizations, underline the role of proximity (broadly defined) as a means to deploy dynamic capabilities, and indicate the emergence of "network dynamic capabilities". Research results allow us to confirm the role of structural and contextual characteristics of territorial networks on the deployment and the creation of these capabilities and allow us to identify them in these contexts
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Cautha, Sarat Chandra. "Model Based Design of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Platform Strain with Improved Tyrosine Production Capabilities." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33358.
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Large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites is of interest because of their application in production of many valuable products. Recent advances in the area of DNA recombinant technology has made it possible to produce these valuable compounds using microbial routes. The objective of this work was, to design a platform strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved intracellular tyrosine pools using computational modeling. This engineered yeast could be used as a host for producing important plant secondary metabolites on an industrial-scale. In this study, a combination of steady-state and dynamic modeling methods were used for strain design. Initial strain design was performed using steady-state modeling, and the predictions from steady-state modeling were prioritized for experimental validation using dynamic modeling. The final strategy proposed included deletion of PDC1, ZWF1, ARO10; over-expression of ALD6, and alleviation of tyrosine feedback resistance in shikimate pathway. Initial experiments for validation of this strategy showed promising results.
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HSIA, HSIN, and 夏新. "Supplier relationship management, IoT in Production management application capabilities and Manufacturing performance：An Empirical Study." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u5h97f.
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碩士國立臺北商業大學
企業管理系研究所
107
The concept of Internet of Thing (IoT) has flourished in recent years. Governments and enterprises in many countries around the world are actively promoting the related applications of the Internet of Things. The application of the Internet of Things has clearly become the trend today. Therefore, this study uses Taiwanese manufacturing as an empirical research object, aiming to provide more reference for the improvement of manufacturing performance by exploring the relationship between supplier relationship, IoT 's production management application capability and manufacturing performance.
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Birkie, Seyoum Eshetu. "Be lean to be resilient : Setting capabilities for turbulent times." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176084.
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Businesses globally are challenged to innovate their operations strategies and practices towards tighter delivery times, better quality and cheaper prices to remain profitable in addition to managing unpredictable circumstances well in today’s turbulent business environment. They often have to deal with the apparent paradox of advancing efficiency-fostering approaches such as lean production, and enhancing operational resilience against unanticipated disruptions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and how practices in seemingly contradicting paradigms in operations management can be utilised to attain a better competitive position in the face of uncertainties. This thesis is comprised of ‘modules’ of studies designed to systematically address the three research questions. This was necessary due to the different maturity level of the concepts brought together. Predominantly qualitative mixed-method approach was used for the overall research with some quantitative analysis included. The critical incident technique, case study and Bayesian inference were used in the different studies (papers). Operational resilience is characterised in terms of five core functions: sense, build, reconfigure, re-enhance, and sustain (RQ1). Resilience is also operationalised using routine practices that are bundled into internal/external, proactive/reactive dimensions of capabilities that positively influence performance upon recovery from disruption. An analysis showing that lean practice bundles lead to better operational performance under high uncertainty context is also done in this thesis (RQ2). Finally, operational resilience (based on routine practices that form the core functions) was found to have stronger synergies than trade-off with lean (based on practice bundles) in times of turbulence (RQ3). This thesis extends the resource-based view to high uncertainty contexts through empirical evidence and shows that resilience (dynamic) capabilities can be built from practices that firms normally employ; the capabilities are sources of better performance and competitive advantages in turbulent business environments. The thesis contributes to the discussion on the paradox of lean and operational resilience based approaches in the same context; lean practices bundles lend themselves to synergy with resilience capabilities, and leverage competitive gains in turbulent times. Practically, findings of this thesis suggest that companies need not abandon their lean implementation to become more resilient. In fact, it shows that lean implementation should be extended to address value chain processes beyond the shop floor for integrative removal of wastes, while being able to flexibly mitigate disruptions.La sfida della competitività nei mercati globali dipende in larga parte dalla capacità delle imprese di innovare le loro operations per ottenere termini di consegna sempre più stretti, maggior qualità a prezzi sempre più competitivi; tutto questo in un contesto industriale e socio-economico sempre più incerto e turbolento. Oggi le imprese sono chiamate a prendere decisioni e ad adottare dei modelli di business dagli effetti contrastanti, come ad esempio l’adozione di pratiche che enfatizzano risultati di efficienza produttiva (i.e. lean production) a fianco di strategie e soluzioni che mirano ad accrescere la capacità del sistema di adattarsi dinamicamente ad eventi perturbanti (resilienza), esterni o interni all’organizzazione. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di investigare se e come l'adozione di pratiche potenzialmente contrastanti nell'ambito della gestione delle operations, possono essere utilizzate per mantenere e migliorare la propria posizione competitiva in contesti di forte incertezza e turbolenza dei mercati. La ricerca si compone di una serie di "moduli", ovvero di singoli studi progettati per affrontare sistematicamente e organicamente le tre domande di ricerca fondamentali, la cui risposta conduce alla proposta di tesi. Questa impostazione si è rivelata necessaria a causa del diverso livello di maturità dei concetti studiati e sviluppati nella tesi. Anche la metodologia di ricerca rispecchia le diverse esigenze e peculiarità dei vari aspetti studiati e per questo è stata definita seguendo un approccio misto, in cui metodi di tipo qualitativo sono affiancati da analisi quantitative che implementano tecniche statistiche. In particolare, nei diversi “moduli” (paper) si utilizzano: la critical incident technique, diverse metodiche di studi di caso, e inferenza Bayesiana. La resilienza operativa è stata caratterizzata secondo cinque funzioni principali (core functions): sense, build, reconfigure, re-enhance, e sustain (RQ1). Ciascuna di queste è tradotta a livello operativo attraverso procedure e pratiche stabili (routine) - interne/esterne, proattive/reattive - che sono in grado di influenzare positivamente le prestazioni a seguito di un evento perturbante. Attraverso la ricerca, viene analizzato l’effetto positivo che differenti pratiche lean (lean practice bundles) inducono sulle prestazioni operative in condizioni di incertezza (RQ2). Infine, un’analisi bayesiana sui parametri tipici di un campione selezionato di eventi incidentali a carico di organizzazioni e supply chain globali ha rivelato che tra resilienza operativa (implementata attraverso specifiche routine) e lean production (implementata attraverso specifiche lean practice bundles) esistono fenomeni sinergici più forti dei meccanismi di trade-off, quando valutati in contesti turbolenti (RQ3). I risultati della tesi contribuiscono ad ampliare e rafforzare un approccio teorico contingent resource-based view all’analisi delle organizzazioni che operano in regimi di forte incertezza (complessità e dinamicità); il contributo originale si concentra in particolar modo nel fornire evidenza empirica che le capacità di resilienza di una organizzazione (dynamic capabilities) possono essere costruite su processi e routine normalmente eseguite dalle imprese. Ove disponibili, queste capacità sono usate come fonte di miglioramento prestazionale e per l’ottenimento di un vantaggio competitivo in contesti turbolenti. Ulteriori evidenze supportano la tesi che un’ampia gamma di lean practices possono essere usate in maniera sinergica per un ulteriore rafforzamento della resilienza operativa. Dal punto di vista pratico e in contrasto con parte della letteratura esistente, la tesi offre ai manager industriali solidi argomenti per non abbandonare la propria strategia lean o limitare i propri obiettivi di efficienza allo scopo di conseguire una maggiore resilienza operativa. Si dimostra infatti che quando l’adozione di partiche lean viene estesa ad una porzione sempre più ampia della value chain, alla conseguente riduzione degli sprechi si associa anche una maggior flessibilità nella gestione di eventi perturbanti o distruttivi.
I dagens turbulenta affärsklimat står företag världen över inför utmaningen att på ett effektivt sätt hantera oförutsägbara händelser och samtidigt förnya sina verksamheter med syfte att uppnå kortare leveranstider, bättre kvalitet och ökad lönsamhet. I dessa ansträngningar möter företagen ofta det skenbara dilemmat av att vissa arbetssätt såsom lean produktion ställs i kontrast mot aktiviteter syftande till att skapa återhämtningsförmåga, dvs angreppssätt och rutiner för att hantera oväntade störningar (operational resilience). Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka om och hur dessa två olika arbetssätt, med till synes motstridiga paradigm, kan användas för att uppnå ökad konkurrenskraft för företag verksamma under osäkra marknadsförhållanden. Avhandlingen består av fem artiklar och syftar till att, på ett systematiskt sätt, avhandla tre övergripande forskningsfrågor. Uppdelningen i artiklar motiveras av olikheter i mognadsgrad hos de båda grundbegreppen. En kombination av forskningsmetoder har använts. Den övergripande forskningsstrategin har varit kvalitativ och fallstudiebaserad. Även kritiska händelse metoden, (Critical Incident Technique, CIT) och kvantitativa metoder såsom statistisk analys och Bayesiansk inferens har använts som komplement i några av artiklarna. Resultaten visar att operativ återhämtningsförmåga kan beskrivas i termer av fem kärnfunktioner: uppfatta, formera, konfigurera, återförbättra och bibehålla (RQ1). Resultaten visar även att återhämtningsförmågan kan operationaliseras såsom kombinationer av sammansatta organisatoriska rutiner (practice bundles) vilka kan karaktäriseras i termer av interna/externa och proaktiva/reaktiva dimensioner. Kombinationer av dessa sammansatta organisatoriska rutiner har identifierats vilka både samverkar och förstärker varandra i situationer av störning och efterföljande återhämtning. Vidare visas att implementering av lean rutiner leder till ökad effektivitet i situationer karakteriserade av hög osäkerhet (RQ2). Avslutningsvis visar resultaten att återhämtningsförmåga och lean, operationaliserade som kärnfunktioner respektive sammansatta organisatoriska rutiner, har stark samverkan då det gäller att hantera störningar. Några sammansatta organisatoriska rutiner har dock en trade-off relation till vissa kärnfunktioner (RQ3) Ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv utökar avhandlingen det resursbaserade synsättet till att även inkludera företag som verkar under osäkra marknadsförhållanden. Resultaten visar att (dynamisk) återhämtningsförmåga kan byggas med hjälp av metoder som företagen normalt använder idag (sammansatta organisatoriska rutiner). Genom att omkonfigurera existerande förmågor och rutiner skapas en källa till ökad produktivitet och ökad konkurrenskraft. Således bidrar avhandlingen till diskussionen om det skenbara dilemmat av att en samtidig användning av strategier baserade på lean production och strategier fokuserande på återhämtningsförmåga (operational resilience) samverkar och förstärker varandra snarare än motverkar varandra. Avhandlingens praktiska implikation är att företag inte behöver överge sitt lean arbetssätt för att öka sin återhämtningsförmåga (operational resilience). I själva verket, bör företag utgå ifrån existerande lean arbetssätt och utvidga dessa till att även omfatta processer utanför den direkta tillverkningen.
This thesis is produced as part of the EMJD Programme European Doctorate in Industrial Management (EDIM) funded by the European Commission, Erasmus Mundus Action 1.
EDIM is run by a consortium consisting of the industrial management departments of three institutions.
•KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
•Politecnico de Milano, POLIMI, Milan, Italy
•Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain
QC 20151105
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Velana, Nadia, and 倪愛念. "Production of ß-glucosidase from Aureobasidium pullulans NCH-218 and its application for aroma enhancing capabilities in cold-brewed green tea." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87739173715224197814.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
105
There are more than 600 volatile tea aroma compounds available, which are generated from four main precursors such as carotenoids, lipids, glycosides, and maillard reaction. Glycoside precursors can be hydrolyzed by endogenous enzyme such as β-D-glycosidase to release the free aroma compounds. However, tea plant glycosidases are often destroyed by thermal deactivation during tea manufacturing process, thus there are many bound aroma compounds left in tea product. Additional β-glucosidase has been widely used in aroma enhancement due to its roles in releasing the aroma compounds. Hence, this study focus on the aroma enhancing capabilities by β-glucosidase from Aureobasidium pullulan NCH-218 in green tea. The study starts with production of the enzyme under optimal condition based on the previous study: 5% wheat bran (w/v), 2.5% lactose (w/v), initial pH at 6.25-6.27, after that 1% (v/v) A. pullulans NCH-218 was inoculated and cultured at 30°C and 150 rpm for 4 days. Moreover, the produced crude enzyme was centrifuged and filtered then proceed further by using ultrafiltration which could obtain 136.8 U/ml of enzyme activity. At first, preliminary study was conducted to decide which beverage is the most suitable for the enzyme application. The result demonstrated that enzymatic treatment was resulted in higher amount of glucose content in all of the beverages, especially in green tea with the highest increasing rate for about 14% and also highest preference score (aroma profile) for the sensory evaluation test compare to other beverages. Furthermore, GC-MS chromatogram of enzyme-treated green tea indicated the highest increase of methyl salicylate (glycoside-based) and another increase was also detected in the amount of linalool. The highest amount methyl salicylate and linalool was obtained after mixing 10% of 350 U/ mL of β-glucosidase to 20% (w/v) cold-brewed green tea and was reacted for 3 hours at 50°C. The enzymatic treatment was resulted in the highest concentration of 16.23 ppm methyl salicylate and 1.14 ppm linalool, respectively. Some antioxidant activity assays as well as catechin and caffeine content determination was also conducted in order to examine the enzymatic treatment effect towards the composition and antioxidant properties of the green tea. Overall, there wasn’t any remarkable changes in the antioxidant properties and the composition of catechin and caffeine after the enzymatic treatment with β-glucosidase. Therefore, this enzymatic treatment by β-glucosidase from A. pullulans NCH-218 was proved to not only offer a promising aroma enhancement effect but also did not give any negative impact on the antioxidant properties as well as the composition of the green tea.
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CHAN, HSUN-TUNG, and 詹勳統. "The Study of the Construction Process for Organizational Sustainable Innovation and Dynamic Capabilities: Evidence from the Corrugated Box Printing Machine Production Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jn3mqb.
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碩士銘傳大學
管理學院高階經理碩士學程
107
For years, management scholars continuely keep trace and explore how companies build up their sustained competitive advantages in turbulent environments. Since external environments are keep changing, sources or capabilities for firms should also be changed or fine-tuned in order to support firm’s positional benefits. Therefore, the pursuit for higher degree of dynamic capabilities, aligning with advanced information technology development, brings great implications not only for academic scholars, but for practitioners as well. However, studies and understandings pertaining to how dynamic capabilities are generated, and where to build up these capabilities, are still scant. Therefore, the objectives of this study is to explore the process of the construction of dynamic capabilities through case study, and SR company, the top one company for corrugated box printing machine manufacturer, is chosen for the study. Through the research design and the SR company case, external and internal environmental changes, how company administrators to cope with and face these changes, and what kind of continuous innovative results and dynamic capabilities are generated can be understood accordingly. The findings of this study concludes that three important factors are crucial for the generation of dynamic capabilities in SR company’s continuous innovation process: (1)proactive and innovative vision for company administration, (2)the puisuit for continous innovation, and (3)the thinking and integration for smart technologies. Furthermore, in proactive and innovative vision for company administration section, (a)continous innovation enhance and fulfill more values for innovation and organizational capabilities, (b)bring higher brand image for customers, and (c)keep explore potential talents through various organizational activities are three core mechanisms. And for the puisuit for continous innovation section, (a)total quality improvement as the core vision for SR company, (b)totally R&D independence, and (c)members for innovation triggering are three core mechanisms. Lastly, for the thinking and integration for smart technologies section, SR Company not only provide better managenet and services for their customers, but they devote to higher end and advanced printing machine R&D and a creative business model as well for now. Through these critical elements and process, this study shed insightful implications for the understanding about the process and key points in the creation of dynamic capabilities, thereby achieving the sustained advantages and value co-creation for SR company and their partners.
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Martin, Marie-Claude. "Ressources individuelles et collectives et la santé des femmes au Maroc." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17760.
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Arnet, Johan Peter Lundevall. "BW offshore : riding the storm." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29214.
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The modern company exists within an environment of constant change, brought on by economic interconnectedness and rapid technological progress. In this state of uncertainty, companies must actively create new value on a continuous basis in their pursuit for competitive advantage. In light of this precarious state of firm realities, two literature streams have been developed. Strategic Change theories focus on antecedents, processes and consequences of a major shift in an organisation’s goals and scope. The Dynamic Capabilities framework aims to explicate the capabilities within a firm that allows it to continuously recreate competitive advantages. To illustrate the application of these theories this dissertation employs a teaching case recounting the crisis and rebound of BW Offshore, an oil technology lessor. The case starts in late 2015 when the company was experiencing the aggregate impact of an untenable business model, market recession, and industrial accident. Next, the case recounts the subsequent firm survival and launch of a disruptive new business model. The case demonstrates the internal and external factors that led to a strategic change within the company. Moreover, it shows that the use of dynamic capabilities can be instrumental in the creation of surprising value within the context of a recessionary market.A empresa moderna vive num ambiente em constante mudança, causado pela instabilidade económica e pelo rápido progresso tecnológico. Nesse estado de incerteza, as empresas precisam de criar valor de forma contínua, em busca de manterem uma vantagem competitiva. À luz da realidade atual, foram desenvolvidas duas correntes de literatura. As teorias da mudança estratégica têm o seu enfoque nos antecedentes, processos e consequências de uma grande mudança nos objetivos e âmbito de uma organização. A framework das Dynamic Capabilities visa explicar as quatro dimensões que permitem recriar continuamente as vantagens competitivas. Para ilustrar a aplicação dessas teorias, esta dissertação apresenta um caso de estudo sobre uma situação de crise e a sua repercussão na BW Offshore, uma empresa no sector do Petróleo e Gás. O caso começa no final de 2015, quando a empresa apresentava um modelo de negócios insustentável, em resultado da recessão de mercado e de um acidente industrial. Em seguida, caso foca em como o lançamento de um modelo de negócios disruptivo permitiu a subsequente sobrevivência da empresa. O caso demonstra ainda quais os fatores internos e externos que levaram a uma mudança estratégica dentro da empresa. Além disso, mostra que o uso das dynamic capabilities pode ser instrumental na criação de valor no contexto de um mercado recessivo.
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Sobral, Suse Carla Pereira. "Geometria e arte." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/11097.
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Este estudo aborda a problemática da transversalidade entre dois domínios do saber – Geometria e Arte – tendo como principal objetivo descrever e analisar o modo como os alunos apreciam e produzem obras de arte e desenvolvem conceitos geométricos a partir dessa apreciação e produção. Com o intuito de refletir sobre esta problemática, foram formuladas as seguintes questões orientadoras (i) como é que os alunos do 2.º ano apreciam obras de arte e identificam elementos geométricos nessa obra? e (ii) como é que alunos do 2.º ano produzem e descrevem “obras de arte” envolvendo elementos geométricos?
A fundamentação teórica organiza-se em torno dos seguintes tópicos: Educação pela Arte; Artes e Matemática: uma perspetiva socio-histórica; a aprendizagem da Matemática nos primeiros anos; a aprendizagem da Geometria nos primeiros anos; Geometria e o currículo; sentido espacial; e, por último, a teoria de Van Hiele na aprendizagem da Geometria.
No que concerne à metodologia adotada, este estudo segue uma abordagem qualitativa e insere-se no paradigma interpretativo. Nele participaram vinte e três alunos de uma turma de 2.º ano de escolaridade, tendo sido selecionados três alunos para uma análise mais aprofundada das suas produções artísticas.
A recolha de dados decorreu durante três semanas no período de estágio e duas semanas após a sua conclusão. Foi conseguida através da observação participante, de entrevistas e da recolha documental. A proposta pedagógica englobou quatro tarefas (criadas por mim), tendo subjacentes situações exploratórias que envolviam a identificação de figuras geométricas e exploração de simetrias de reflexão. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas algumas obras de arte de artistas plásticos.
As conclusões deste estudo evidenciam que (i) os alunos apreciam elementos isolados nas obras, identificam corretamente figuras geométricas e apresentam algumas dificuldades em identificar simetrias de reflexão; (ii) produzem “obras de arte” utilizando corretamente as técnicas de expressão plástica, desenham figuras geométricas em posições habituais, criam simetrias de reflexão e procedem à descrição das suas “obras de arte” selecionando elementos geométricos e refletindo sobre as suas características.This study broach the issue of transversality between two fields of knowledge – Geometry and Art – having as main purpose describing and analysing how students value and reproduce works of art and develop geometrical concepts from that value and reproduction. Keeping this in mind, there were expressed two main questions (i) how 2nd year students look at works of art and identify geometrical elements in that work? and (ii) how 2nd year students reproduce and describe “work of art” regarding geometrical elements? Theoretical grounds presents the following subjects: Education through Art; Arts and Mathematic: a socio-historical perspective; learning Mathematics in the early years; learning Geometry in the early years; Geometry and curriculum; spatial thinking; and, finally, Van Hiele theory (1999). Concerning the embraced method,this study follows a qualitative approach and it’s based in a interpretative pattern. Twenty three 2nd year students took part in this study, having three of them being chosen to a deeper analysis of their work. The information acquired took three weeks during the traineeship and two weeks after, and it was obtained through the participating observation, interviews and acquired documents. The educational purposal embraced four tasks (created by myself), having subjacent exploring situations envolving the identification of geometrical figures and the exploration of reflection symmetry. Plastic artists works of art were used for the learning of these concepts associated to the Geometry. The results of the study revealed that: (i) pupils appreciate isolated elements in works of art, correctly identify geometric figures and have some difficulties in identifying symmetries of reflection; (ii) pupils produce "works of art" correctly using plastic expression techniques, draw geometric figures in usual positions, create reflection symmetries and proceed to the description of their "works of art" by selecting geometric elements and reflecting on their characteristics.
Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal