Journal articles: 'Production Cost Theory'

1

Dierkes, Stefan, and David Siepelmeyer. "Production and cost theory-based material flow cost accounting." Journal of Cleaner Production 235 (October 2019): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.212.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Carrington, Samantha. "An Integration of Learning, Production and Cost Theory." Engineering Economist 34, no. 3 (1989): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137918908902988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lestari, Dini Maulana. "Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach." El-Jizya : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 2 (2020): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ej.v8i2.4241.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal). 

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Baye, Michael R., Mary E. Deily, and Dennis W. Jansen. "Marginal and total production cost indices: Theory and applications." Journal of Productivity Analysis 2, no. 2 (1991): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00156340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Torres, César, and Antonio Valero. "The Exergy Cost Theory Revisited." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061594.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reviews the fundamentals of the Exergy Cost Theory, an energy cost accounting methodology to evaluate the physical costs of products of energy systems and their associated waste. Besides, a mathematical and computationally approach is presented, which will allow the practitioner to carry out studies on production systems regardless of their structural complexity. The exergy cost theory was proposed in 1986 by Valero et al. in their “General theory of exergy savings”. It has been recognized as a powerful tool in the analysis of energy systems and has been applied to the evaluation of energy saving alternatives, local optimisation, thermoeconomic diagnosis, or industrial symbiosis. The waste cost formation process is presented from a thermodynamic perspective rather than the economist’s approach. It is proposed to consider waste as external irreversibilities occurring in plant processes. A new concept, called irreversibility carrier, is introduced, which will allow the identification of the origin, transfer, partial recovery, and disposal of waste.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Larson, Bruce. "A Dilemma in the Theory of Short-Run Production and Cost." Southern Economic Journal 58, no. 2 (1991): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060188.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Eatwell, John. "‘COST OF PRODUCTION’ AND THE THEORY OF THE RATE OF PROFIT." Contributions to Political Economy 38, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/bzz013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

SALVADORI, NERI, and IAN STEEDMAN. "COST FUNCTIONS AND PRODUCED MEANS OF PRODUCTION: DUALITY AND CAPITAL THEORY*." Contributions to Political Economy 4, no. 1 (1985): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cpe.a035692.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

He, Juan, Xiaoyong Zheng, Roderick Rejesus, and Jose Yorobe. "Input use under cost‐of‐production crop insurance: Theory and evidence." Agricultural Economics 51, no. 3 (2020): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Xu, Xin Wei, Le Fang, and Xian Li Zhu. "The Study of MTA Production Model and Production Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 2062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.2062.

Full text

Abstract:

MTA ( the availability of production ) is a new production model proposed by Dr. Goldratt . This paper which is based on fuzzy theory and inventory cost theory is to study the strategy of dynamic adjustment of buffer stock by means of establishing membership function of the real stock and the consumption model which is based on membership. Enterprise have to adjust the buffer stock immediately when the membership of the real stock which worked out from the model is higher or lower than a particular numerical and then enterprise can get the products production processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Gulo, John Fisher, Kamil Mustafa, and Ninny Siregar. "Analisis Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Pada PT. Mutifa Medan." JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURE ENGINEERING 2, no. 1 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jime.v2i1.2425.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>The cost of production is needed to determine the cost of production of a product. Costs incurred to produce the product must be clear, so that the determination of the cost of production would be appropriate. Imprecision in calculating the cost of production will be misleading in making management decisions. Data collection methods used in this study include: Documentation, Interview, Observation. This study analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis comparing the theory with actual results of the company. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production using the full costing method. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production, all costs incurred are treated as production costs, both the cost of major raw materials, cost of auxiliary materials, packaging materials costs and production overhead. Classification of production costs in accordance with the theory that exists is composed of material costs, labor costs and production overhead costs. Total production cost per month of each element calculation the average monthly cost is Rp. 73.111.118,260,- and the average number of finished products Paracetamol tablet 500 mg tablet is as much 566,666.67 per month. Based on data on average production costs in 2009, then the production cost per tablet is .Rp. 129,019.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Miller, Richard A. "Ten Cheaper Spades: Production Theory and Cost Curves in the Short Run." Journal of Economic Education 31, no. 2 (2000): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220480009596769.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Miller, Richard A. "Ten Cheaper Spades: Production Theory and Cost Curves in the Short Run." Journal of Economic Education 31, no. 2 (2000): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1183184.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Chao, Xiuli, Yifan Xu, and Baimei Yang. "OPTIMAL POLICY FOR A PRODUCTION–INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SETUP COST AND AVERAGE COST CRITERION." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 26, no. 4 (2012): 457–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964812000149.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most fundamental results in inventory theory is the optimality of (s, S) policy for inventory systems with setup cost. This result is established under a key assumption of infinite ordering/production capacity. Several studies have shown that, when the ordering/production capacity is finite, the optimal policy for the inventory system with setup cost is very complicated and indeed, only partial characterization for the optimal policy is possible. In this paper, we consider a continuous review production/inventory system with finite capacity and setup cost. The demand follows a Poisson process and a demand that cannot be satisfied upon arrival is backlogged. We show that the optimal control policy has a very simple structure when the holding/shortage cost rate is quasi-convex. We also develop efficient algorithms to compute the optimal control parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hogan, Dakotah, John Elshaw, Clay Koschnick, Jonathan Ritschel, Adedeji Badiru, and Shawn Valentine. "Cost Estimating Using a New Learning Curve Theory for Non-Constant Production Rates." Forecasting 2, no. 4 (2020): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast2040023.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional learning curve theory assumes a constant learning rate regardless of the number of units produced. However, a collection of theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that learning rates decrease as more units are produced in some cases. These diminishing learning rates cause traditional learning curves to underestimate required resources, potentially resulting in cost overruns. A diminishing learning rate model, namely Boone’s learning curve, was recently developed to model this phenomenon. This research confirms that Boone’s learning curve systematically reduced error in modeling observed learning curves using production data from 169 Department of Defense end-items. However, high amounts of variability in error reduction precluded concluding the degree to which Boone’s learning curve reduced error on average. This research further justifies the necessity of a diminishing learning rate forecasting model and assesses a potential solution to model diminishing learning rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

ZHANG, GUOCHANG. "Private Information Production, Public Disclosure, and the Cost of Capital: Theory and Implications." Contemporary Accounting Research 18, no. 2 (2001): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1506/n6g3-rwx7-y15l-bwpv.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Safonova, M. F., and N. V. Mamushkina. "Procedures for auditing the cost of dairy production." International Accounting 23, no. 12 (2020): 1316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.12.1316.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the audit procedures required for auditing, taking into account the specifics of production technology and production costs. Objectives. The article aims to unify the audit procedures for cost accounting and cost calculation, taking into account the specifics of the production process, which directly affect the verification methodology and technology of the audit job. The article also aims to formulate specific audit procedures for accounting for the cost of dairy production, taking into account the specifics of the process of obtaining finished products. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and information classification and consolidation techniques. Results. The article presents audit procedures for the production of dairy cattle products, which are carried out taking into account the specifics of the production technology and business process, the specifics of the organization and accounting of costs and the formation of reporting of the audited economic entity. Conclusions and Relevance. The application of audit procedures is due to the peculiarities of accounting and consists in the consistency of these procedures and the use of sources of information. Audit procedures carried out during the audit of the costs of dairy production contribute to the identification of accounting and reporting errors and misstatements. They are a source of audit evidence to form the auditor's opinion. The results of the study can be used in audit theory and in the practical activities of auditors and audit organizations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Palmer, Karen, Wallace E. Oates, and Paul R. Portney. "Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 4 (1995): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.119.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper takes issue with the Porter-van der Linde claim that traditional benefit-cost analysis is a fundamental misrepresentation of the environmental problem. They contend that stringent environmental measures induce innovative efforts leading to improvements in abatement and production technologies that offset the costs of the regulations. Drawing both on basic economic theory and existing data on control costs, the authors argue that such offsets are special cases. The data indicate offsets are minuscule relative to control costs. There is no free lunch here: environmental programs must justify their costs by the benefits that improved environmental quality provides to society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Liu, Sha, and Pei Hong Wang. "Calculation Model of Exergy Cost Based on Thermoeconomics Structure Theory and Thermoeconomics Accounting Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1148.

Full text

Abstract:

Thermoeconomics combines the thermodynamic analysis and economics evaluation, and simultaneously considers the thermodynamics and economics effect of the process of energy conversion in power plant. It becomes the focus of research. This paper mainly discusses the establishment method of the exergy cost equation in thermoeconomics structure theory, at the same time this method also combines with thermoeconomics accounting theory. Through the research, this paper presents a clear, simple, utility exergy cost equation established method. Compared with the chain differential principle, this method has the advantages of a simple form of expression and faster calculation speed. The method is applied to an actual 600MW power plant, established exergy cost equation and obtained the exergy cost for each component.The exergy cost concept is used to evaluate the production performance of the major equipment, to find the reason of production cost growing and direct the thermal power systems exergy optimization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

El-Kassaby, Yousry A., and Hugh J. Barclay. "Cost of reproduction in Douglas-fir." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 7 (1992): 1429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-179.

Full text

Abstract:

The balance between allocating energy resources to reproduction or growth has considerable theoretical interest. Conflicting ecological requirements and evolutionary pressures often necessitate a trade-off in energy allocation. We obtained measurements on seed-cone production and annual ring width of 365 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees from 29 open-pollinated families for 8 years. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were computed for seed-cone production and ring width for each year. Five of the eight environmental correlations were negative (range −0.077 to −0.305), reflecting the reality of the trade-off in physiological terms. Six of the eight genetic correlations were negative (range −0.199 to −0.776), indicating that a trade-off exists at the genetic level between energy allocation to reproduction and to somatic growth. These findings agree with the current theory of life-history evolution. Key words: Pseudotsuga menziesii, cone production, annual ring width, genetic correlation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lumowa, Cindy Shelly, Jantje J. Tinangon, and Anneke Wangkar. "ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DALAM MENETAPKAN HARGA JUAL PADA HOLLAND BAKERY BOULEVARD MANADO." GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI 15, no. 1 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/gc.15.1.27835.2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Calculation of the cost of production is something that needs to be considered in determining the selling price of the product. Calculation of the cost of production that is right and accurate is something that needs to be done by every company, without a precise and accurate calculation of the cost of production, the manufacturing company concerned will experience in setting the selling price of a product. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost classification applied by Holland Bakery Boulevard Manado in calculating the cost of production, to find out the calculation of the cost of production of Holland Bakery Boulevard Manado in setting selling price and find out the determination of product selling price applied by Holland Bakery Boulevard Manado. Data analysis method used for this research is descriptive analysis method. The collection of cost of goods manufactured is the process cost method, while the method of determining the cost of production uses the full costing approach. There is a difference in the selling price per packet of bread between Holland Bakery Boulevard Manado with a theory caused by differences in the allocation of costs and determination of mark up between companies and theories. The company's selling price is lower than the theory that the difference for chocolate bread is Rp. 1.589, then for cheese bread Rp. 1.910, and for srikaya bread Rp. 2.449.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Grossman, Gene M., and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg. "Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring." American Economic Review 98, no. 5 (2008): 1978–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.5.1978.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose a theory of the global production process that focuses on tradeable tasks, and use it to study how falling costs of offshoring affect factor prices in the source country. We identify a productivity effect of task trade that benefits the factor whose tasks are more easily moved offshore. In the light of this effect, reductions in the cost of trading tasks can generate shared gains for all domestic factors, in contrast to the distributional conflict that typically results from reductions in the cost of trading goods. (JEL F11, F16)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mance, Davor, Nenad Vretenar, and Jana Katunar. "Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets." Central European Public Administration Review 13, no. 1 (2015): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2015.1.06.

Full text

Abstract:

Sixty years ago, Samuelson’s “Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” expounded the classification of goods, and Bain’s “Economies of Scale, Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries” expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. To the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classify goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify market structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospective sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costs themselves induce subadditivities, specialization and convexity of the marginal rate of technical substitution. Opportunity costs in consumption are determined by the marginal costs of replacement. In light of the recent Nobel price award to Jean Tirole, we revisit some of the forgotten discussions and clarify some of the terminology under a more economic framework of opportunity costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Nickel, A. "Simultaneous asset/liability management. A consideration in the language of production and cost theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 22, no. 2 (1998): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(98)80053-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Marques, A., and A. BrandÃo. "Is exit a firm failure? Facts and theory." Acta Oeconomica 60, no. 4 (2010): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.60.2010.4.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Literature on firms’ entry and exit decisions provides empirical evidence that industries with many exits also have many entries. We present a paper that merges some different approaches to the entry and exit of firms and which proposes a new method for looking at the entrepreneurial decision. Our model theoretically supports what empirical evidence has shown and holds; that databases are not yet developed enough to understand the whole exit process. We demonstrate that the possibility of recovering some share of investment costs makes entry more than just a production decision. Within a defined time horizon, a firm can enter the market despite making a loss from production output since the firm’s return consists of both sales and investment cost recovery. Entry may be the optimal strategy even when the unit cost is higher than the market price.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Krieg, Eric J. "Hazardous Sites and Local Taxes: An Application of Social Cost Theory." Journal of Applied Sociology os-20, no. 1 (2003): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19367244032000105.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies overwhelmingly conclude that ecological hazards disproportionately impact low income and people of color communities. This article analyzes the association between commercial and industrial taxes and hazardous sites. A statewide analysis using census data, municipal tax data, and hazardous site data shows a bias against lower income communities. The analysis shows that lower income communities receive less compensation per hazardous site. The results indicate that the production of ecological hazards is a political economic process in which compensation for pollution varies by income.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

K, Manjuntha, and Bheemanagouda Patil. "Examination of suitability of factor endowment theory with the reflection on transportation cost in international business." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (2013): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.61.

Full text

Abstract:

International Business is a device which provides a support of convenience of exchanging goods or services or both between two or more countries. More prominently in a condition, one good is available abundant in one country and in the identical point of time there is a dearth and much demand from another country for the same or similar goods. During 18th and 19th century a number of international trade theories came into force with the aim of identifying course of action for smooth carrying of business by countries through export and import. Factor Endowment Theory is one of international trade theories focuses on effective international business with the optimum utilization of factors of production. The Factor Endowment theory was contributed by the Swedish Economists Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. It focuses on smoothening of international business in terms of exports and imports by using abundant factors of production and attaches the restraint on trade in order to get comparative advantage. One country must produce those products associated with such country‘s abundant factor of production and import those products which are difficult to produce or the production leads to high product cost on account of lack of associated factor of production. This argument is justified on the premise that the exporting country is capable of producing the product with relatively low cost by effectivelyexploiting the associated abundant factor of production. Factor Endowment Theory holds valid only within the framework of assumptions. This paper examines the relationship between availability of abundant factors of production and international business with the profound connection with the transportation cost and essentially focuses on suitability of factor endowment theory with current trend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zichner, R., and R. R. Baumann. "Printed antennas: from theory to praxis, challenges and applications." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-271-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Miniaturized, highly integrated wireless communication systems are used in many fields like logistics and mobile communications. Often multiple antenna structures are integrated in a single product. To achieve such a high level of integration the antenna structures are manufactured e.g. from flexible boards or via LDS (laser direct structuring) which allows the production of complex monopole or dipole antennas with three-dimensionally curved shapes. Main drawbacks are the sophisticated production process steps and their costs. The additive deposition of metallic inks or pastes by a printing process is an alternative manufacturing method with reduced cost. To implement such printed antennas we investigated in the fields of antenna design, simulation, printing technology and characterization. The chosen example of use was a customized dipole antenna for a Radio Frequency Identification application. The results prove the intended functionality of the printed dipole in regard to a highly cost efficient printing manufacturing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Coenenberg, A. G., and H. M. W. Schoenfeld. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING IN GERMANY: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS." Accounting Historians Journal 17, no. 2 (1990): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.17.2.95.

Full text

Abstract:

During the second half of the nineteenth century, managerial accounting development in Germany was based on micro-economic theory. In the twentieth century, the emphasis shifted to techniques and later to determination of “true cost”, resulting in a highly developed system that had a major impact on other European countries. The major difference between the German developments and those in the USA is the separation of cost (consumption/utilization of physical resources) from expenses. After WWII, interest centered on cost theory based on limitational rather than substitutional production functions. Gutenberg demonstrated various cost adaptation patterns as managements responded to output changes and created a sophisticated theory using indirect rather than direct output/cost relationships. This theory is little know in the USA and might stimulate theory research, particularly in the area of activity costing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Аверина and Tatyana Averina. "Production and Sales’ Volume Planning Based on Marginal Data Analysis." Economics 3, no. 1 (2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7813.

Full text

Abstract:

Logical and convenient methods of economic theory often remain unclaimed in the area of management accounting and analysis. For example an obstacle to the use of marginal revenue and marginal cost comparison method may be difficulties associated with the assembly of these indicators’ equations. This paper contains an example of using regression analysis for separation the cost related to constant and variable components, for assembly of marginal data equations in order to determine the optimum volume of output.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Morelli, Nathan, and Matthew Hoch. "A Proposed Postural Control Theory Synthesizing Optimal Feedback Control Theory, Postural Motor Learning, and Cerebellar Supervision Learning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 6 (2020): 1118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520930868.

Full text

Abstract:

Multiple theories regarding motor learning and postural control development aim to explain how the central nervous system (CNS) acquires, adjusts, and learns postural behaviors. However, few theories of postural motor development and learning propose possible neurophysiologic correlates to support their assumptions. Evidence from behavioral and computational models support the cerebellum’s role in supervising motor learning through the production of forward internal models, corrected by sensory prediction errors. Optimal Feedback Control Theory (OFCT) states that the CNS learns new behaviors by minimizing the cost of multi-joint movements that attain a task goal. By synthesizing principles of the OFCT, postural sway characteristics, and cerebellar anatomy and its internal models, we propose an integrated learning model in which cerebellar supervision of postural control is governed by movement cost functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kojic, Vedran, Zrinka Lukac, and Krunoslav Puljic. "On the uniqueness of the solution of the cost minimization problem with generalized Sato production function." Croatian Operational Research Review 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2021.0004.

Full text

Abstract:

Whenever a firm is maximizing its profit, it necessarily has to minimize its cost. Thus, the cost minimization problem is one of the central problems in the theory of the firm. When presenting this problem, the majority of microeconomic textbooks use very well-known production functions, such as Leontief, Cobb-Douglas, or other CES production functions. The goal of this paper is to analyze the cost minimization problem with the generalized Sato production function. The generalized Sato production function is one of the non-standard production functions with variable elasticity of substitution. First, we show that the generalized Sato production function is continuous, strictly monotone, strictly quasiconcave and that a positive amount of output requires positive amounts of some of the inputs. Next, by using mathematical programming we show that the cost minimization problem with generalized Sato production function has a unique solution. This result is very important since it implies the existence of the corresponding cost function and conditional input demands.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Prestamburgo, Sonia, and Mario Prestamburgo. "Agricultural Business Strategy: Theory and Methods for Cost-Effectiveness Investment Analysis in Agro-Energy Production." Energies 9, no. 4 (2016): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9040273.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Molnar, Viktor, and Abel Tumik. "Making Unit Cost in Production Process More Accurate – the Role of Queueing." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11899.

Full text

Abstract:

Queueing is a general phenomenon in the life of almost every organization. Not only people but also processes connecting to manufacturing, machine maintenance, food delivery etc. can be modeled by queueing theory. Queueing always contains waiting waste and the latest management approaches endeavor to eliminate all wastes from the system. This paper introduces and demonstrates a solution based on Activity-Based Costing that aids in the more accurate identification of wastes and therefore in more accurate costing. An experiment was conducted in which queueing of products in a warehouse was analyzed. The queueing as waiting time was built in the ABC costing model. The paper highlights that the model supports thorough business-as-usual decision-making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sun, Xi Yang, and Dong Mei Li. "The Research Development of Basic Theory in Micro-Forming." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.192.

Full text

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for high efficiency, low cost and the bulk, so the production of micro-forming has a very important significance. Firstly, the introduction of micro-forming is introduced in this paper. Then, its basic theory, including size effects and temperature effects, is presented. At last, a future research direction is highlighted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Chen, Wenfang. "Optimization of Production Equipment Layout Based on Fuzzy Decision and Evolutionary Algorithm." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 11, no. 3 (2019): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2019070102.

Full text

Abstract:

A method of optimizing equipment layout is proposed in production equipment layout of a complex manufacturing system, using fuzzy decisions combined with evolutionary algorithms. First, the optimization model is improved, the total cost is minimized, while the requirements of adjacent equipment and the space utilization are maximized; the material handling cost, the resetting cost, the loss of production costs are considered in the total cost objective. Second, this method takes into account the ambiguity of the satisfaction and priority of users such as cost, utilization and proximity requirements, based on the fuzzy decision theory, the multi-objective optimization model is fuzzified, and the fuzzy fitness function is designed to evaluate the pareto solution set according to the user's priority relation. Based on the characteristics of the solution model, the chromosomal coding method of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and the genetic operation mode are improved, and the practicability and efficiency of the model is improved. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is proved by the optimization of the practical case.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Barron, Yonit. "A threshold policy in a Markov-modulated production system with server vacation: the case of continuous and batch supplies." Advances in Applied Probability 50, no. 4 (2018): 1246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2018.59.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe consider a Markov-modulated fluid flow production model under theD-policy, that is, as soon as the storage reaches level 0, the machine becomes idle until the total storage exceeds a predetermined thresholdD. Thus, the production process alternates between a busy and an idle machine. During the busy period, the storage decreases linearly due to continuous production and increases due to supply; during the idle period, no production is rendered by the machine and the storage level increases by only supply arrivals. We consider two types of model with different supply process patterns: continuous inflows with linear rates (fluid type), and batch inflows, where the supplies arrive according to a Markov additive process (MAP) and their sizes are independent and have phase-type distributions depending on the type of arrival (MAP type). Four types of cost are considered: a setup cost, a production cost, a penalty cost for an idle machine, and a storage cost. Using tools from multidimensional martingale and hitting time theory, we derive explicit formulae for these cost functionals in the discounted case. Numerical examples, a sensitivity analysis, and insights are provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Zhang, Qing Yuan, and Fu Jin Zhang. "Digital Products Pricing in Network Expansion - Based on Network Economic Theory." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 3600–3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3600.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the characteristics of the network economy is the emergence of digital products. Digital products, the core of the network products, the pricing issue has drawn increasing attention. Precisely because of the network externalities demand-side economies of scale, positive feedback and increasing marginal returns and other features of the network economy, as well as the characteristics of high initial investment costs and low marginal costs of the digital products, digital products cannot be simply priced by traditional economic pricing method. Monopolist does not like the traditional monopolist which limits production and raises prices to earn high profits. Of course, the manufacturers will not simply rely on the demand and supply in accordance with the marginal revenue and marginal cost pricing. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the digital products itself, cost of production, network market environment and the characteristics of the analysis of the consumers’ behaviors, proceeding from the point of view of the network expansion, then the theory of groups pricing based pricing strategy is put forward.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lipman, Timothy E., and Daniel Sperling. "Forecasting Cost Path of Electric Vehicle Drive System: Monte Carlo Experience Curve Simulation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (1997): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-03.

Full text

Abstract:

The future costs of electric-drive vehicles, like those of any new technology, are uncertain. One method for forecasting cost reductions uses the concept of the experience curve. Experience curves take into account scale economies, technological improvements in production processes, improvements in product design, and improved efficiency of workers and production management. The future manufacturing cost of an innovative new technology—the synchronous, brushless permanent magnet electric vehicle drivetrain—is analyzed using experience curves and a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Based on experience curve theory and the assumptions used in the analysis, a drop in manufacturing cost is predicted—from today’s $12,000 (with low-volume, hand-built production) to a cost of about $1,200 to $1,700 when full-scale economies and manufacturing experience have been realized. This cost range implies eventual high-volume prices of $1,500 to $2,100 once corporate profit and warranty costs are included. In an ongoing study at the University of California, Davis, experience curve analyses are being integrated with a detailed vehicle cost model to develop short- and long-term cost forecasts for complete electric vehicles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ursino, Giovanni. "Supply Chain Control: A Theory of Vertical Integration." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (2015): 1831–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0099.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Improving a company’s bargaining position is often cited as a chief motivation to vertically integrate with suppliers. This paper expands on that view in building a new theory of vertical integration. In my model firms integrate to gain bargaining power against other suppliers in the production process. The cost of integration is a loss of flexibility in choosing the most suitable suppliers for a particular final product. I show that the firms who make the most specific investments in the production process have the greatest incentive to integrate. The theory provides novel insights into the understanding of numerous stylized facts such as the effect of financial development on the vertical structure of firms, the observed pattern from FDI to outsourcing in international trade, and the effect of technological obsolescence on organizations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Guo, Jun, De Qing Gan, Jing Tan, and Xu Long Yao. "Based on OLAP Realize Real-Time Integrated Analysis of the Underground Metal Mines Cost Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.809.

Full text

Abstract:

Through OLAP technology study and solve the data issues during the real-time integrated of cost information process. Using OLAP technology does classified and sequenced analyses on mines production cost multi-dimensionally and multi-angle computationally. It is carried the deep study that the application of OLAP theory and technology in underground metal mines cost analysis field, and meanwhile the relative OLAP modeling is put forward.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Xue, Feng Wei, and Ji Ping Zhou. "Simulation Analysis and Structure Optimum Design of the High Speed Conveying Manipulator Based on ADAMS." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.121.

Full text

Abstract:

The conveying manipulator is an indispensable transmission system of JM31-160 automatic stamping production line, and structural characteristics of the manipulator directly affect the productivity of auto stamping production line. Using virtual prototyping technology, basing on the Multi-body dynamics theory, explored the technical line of dynamic design theory to apply on the transmission system. Reaching a conclusion the function of optimized structure is improved, and manufacturing cost brings down.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

VALENTINOV, VLADISLAV. "Why are cooperatives important in agriculture? An organizational economics perspective." Journal of Institutional Economics 3, no. 1 (2007): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137406000555.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract:This paper develops an organizational economics explanation for agricultural cooperatives by building upon the transaction cost theory of family farms. According to this theory, the importance of family farms in Western agriculture is a result of the low feasibility of hierarchical organization in agricultural production due to supervision and monitoring difficulties. This paper argues that the transaction cost-economizing effect of family farms has a price in the form of their limited ability to realize economies of scale and to develop market power comparable to that of their up- and downstream trading partners. The role of agricultural cooperatives is shown to help overcome these limitations in order to take advantage of the transaction-cost economizing properties of family farms. This explanation of agricultural cooperatives is sector-specific in the sense that it traces the benefits of cooperative organization back to the organizational attributes of agricultural production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Nuraddin, Yusifov Samad. "PECULIARITIES OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGROTECHSERVICE ENTERPRISE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (2021): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-14.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the article is to improve the production and technical exploitation of the machine-tractor fleet and the efficient use of machinery in the service area with the use of application of resuscitation techniques. The methodology and methods used are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research work of our country and foreign scientists on the technical maintenance of agricultural production, the organization and effective functioning of the institutions implementing it. Here a number of methods of analysis of mass service theory and graph theory are used. The main scientific novelty of the results is the use of integrated indicators to mechanize technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production, to increase the operating level of the machine-tractor fleet. The production and technical exploitation depends on the level of technical maintenance of the process. The results of the research are joint review of “production and technical exploitation” and resuscitation techniques in ensuring the mechanization of technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production; the use of a comprehensive indicator for assessing the operational level of the machine-tractor fleet; development of the model of production and technical exploitation of the fleet based on four groups that characterize the usefulness of organizational, technical and technological measures, as well as methods of increasing the level of technical service of various economic entities to ensure the quality of the machine-tractor fleet operation: – Existing forms of technical and technological classification of mechanization of production processes in agriculture and increasing the intensity of use of machines in established engineering service facilities; – Improvement of production and technical exploitation of machine-tractor fleet of service enterprises operating in economic climatic conditions and improvement of use of machines with application of resuscitation techniques; – Ensure that labor costs and maintenance and repair in the manufacturing process are lower than the cost of 15 manat per conventional ha etalon; – Ensure the performance of the whole complex of mechanized work with the effective use of the machine-tractor fleet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zhao, Daozhi, and Hongshuai Han. "Decisions and Coordination in a Capacity Sharing Supply Chain considering Production Cost Misreporting." Complexity 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1926035.

Full text

Abstract:

In the manufacturing capacity sharing platform, considering the manufacturing capacity provider’s cost misreporting behavior and the collusion behavior of the platform operator, this paper built a supply chain consisting of a platform operator, a capacity provider with surplus capacity, and a manufacturer with insufficient capacity. This paper studied the influence of the cost misreporting behavior on the supply chain members’ decisions and profits. By use of the game theory, in the scenarios including the supplier misreporting to other supply chain members and the supplier colluding with the platform, the paper analyzed the optimal pricing decision, misreporting coefficient decision, and platform’s service fee decision and further compared the profits of the supply chain and its members. The results show that the capacity provider tends to overstate the production cost for gaining more profits, which exerts negative effects on profits of other members and the supply chain. Compared with the case of misreporting to both the manufacturer with insufficient capacity and the platform, the case of colluding with platform is more favorable to the profits of the manufacturer, the platform, and the supply chain, while the supplier prefers to choose the former situation. When the sales revenue-sharing proportion, cost-sharing proportion, and service fee satisfy certain conditions, the sales revenue-sharing and cost-sharing contract can avoid the capacity provider’s cost misreporting behavior and coordinate the supply chain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Guo, Xiao Yu, Zhao Hui Xiang, Jun Zhang, and Shu Han Zhang. "To Eliminate Vibration's Hazard of Chemical Enterprises Production Equipments by Absorber." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1059.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Unwanted vibration produced by production process of chemical enterprises is controlled by the vibration absorber. This design is low-cost, easy installation and monitoring. The control algorithm builds a dynamic absorber model to analyze attributes of damping characteristics, and completes detailed experimental work in simulated factory environment. The investigation results demonstrate the good performance of absorber, and experiment results are able to prove the theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Van Volsem, Sofie. "A method for determining cost-efficient inspection strategies in multistage production systems." 4OR 5, no. 4 (2007): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10288-006-0030-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Schmitz, Andrew, and Troy G. Schmitz. "Benefit-Cost Analysis: Distributional Considerations under Producer Quota Buyouts." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 1, no. 1 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1002.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBenefit-cost (B/C) analysis must take into account the distributional effects from a policy or program change. To highlight this, we focus on the theory of production quota buyouts within a B/C framework. As an empirical application, we provide evidence on the distributional effects of the U.S. government buyout of the peanut program in 2002, where production quotas were key ingredients. Two approaches to producer compensation under the buyout are discussed: (1) value of quota approach and (2) gains from quota approach. In the peanut quota program buyout, the U.S. government chose the value of quota approach. Both consumers and producers were made better off as a result of the buyout, and there was a net gain in efficiency. If the government had chosen the gains from quota approach instead, government expenditures and producer gains would have been lower, and consumer benefits would have remained unchanged. Under either approach, the B/C ratios calculated for the government quota buyout are almost identical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

TKACHENKO, Serhii, Olena POTYSHNIAK, and Yevheniia POLIAKOVA. "Mechanism of the quality cost administration system." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5/2 (May 26, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.5(2).4.

Full text

Abstract:

Strengthening the impact of the production and economic mechanism on increasing the economic efficiency of the production process and the quality of work is possible on the basis of choosing the most effective ways to achieve high end results of the national economic system of the country. One of these ways is the inclusion in the system of controlled parameters of the economic parameters of quality cost management, the use of which guarantees the quality coordination system to reach a given economically justified state. Adjustment of quality costs consists in maintaining the established proportions between the costs of quality assurance (quality) and the mismatch of work quality indicators, which is achieved by controlling the level of defects, maintaining certain conditions, rules and norms corresponding to the optimal mode of work on quality assurance and the optimal value costs. The quality assurance process is based on a classification represented by a range of activities aimed at ensuring the quality of tools, objects of labour, living labour and information data at all stages of the production process. The costing methodology is based on the selection of the costing object and costing units. Representation of work on quality assurance as an object of calculation, and hours of work or total amount of work as calculation units allows at the right time to present in value terms both the quality assurance process as a whole and the cost of quality for the product. The recommended mechanism of the cost management system in general is focused on a wide range of enterprises and associations, and its use allows to obtain the effect of minimizing the cost of quality, as well as improve the quality of work to ensure product quality, ice directly contribute to production efficiency and quality. Increase of economic benefit at the expense of cost control system solutions of the problem in the future is possible if its implementation on the basis of the theory of functional management development, conversion of static model into a dynamic coordination costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zhang, Dali, and Joseph Buongiorno. "Capacity changes in the United States paper and paperboard industries: q theory and empirical models." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (1993): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-012.

Full text

Abstract:

A parsimonious model of capacity expansion is proposed for the United States paper and paperboard industries. The work grows out of Tobin's q theory, which suggested that the ratio between market value and replacement cost of capital is crucial in investment decision making. The model assumes that firms in the two industries are price takers, with a marginal cost of production equal to the average cost. The q values for the paper and paperboard industries were calculated as the ratios of the shadow price of existing capacity to the cost of new capacity. Annual data from 1958 to 1988 were used for estimation, with static and dynamic models of capacity changes. The results showed that a single dynamic equation using the q ratios alone explained most of the gross changes in capacity in both the paper and paperboard industries of the United States during the period considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Production Cost Theory'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles