Relevant bibliographies by topics / Production expenses

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Production expenses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Production expenses"

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Hutajulu, Dual Saper, and Khomsiyah Khomsiyah. "The Influence of Salaries, Production Costs and Tax Costs on Transfer Pricing in Companies Registered at Bureau Van Dijk-Osiris In 2022." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 4, no. 09 (2023): 948–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v4i09.892.

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This study aims to determine the influence of Salary Expenses, Production Costs and Tax Expenses partially and simultaneously on Transfer Pricing, while the object of this study is a multinational company (Tbk) which is listed on the Van Dijk-Osiris Bureau 2022. Salary has a positive relationship to Transfer Pricing, so Salary Expense has no effect on Transfer Pricing which illustrates that when Salary Expense increases then Transfer Pricing practice decreases. This study aims to determine the influence of Salary Expenses, Production Costs and Tax Expenses partially and simultaneously on Trans
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Grytsay, O., M. Pankiv, D. Kut, and G. Wojtan. "Analysis of the enterprise operating expenses and ways of improvement of their accounting." Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management 8, no. 1 (2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/eem2021.01.043.

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Activities of industrial enterprises are associated with continuous consumption of certain types of resources, so expense accounting plays a crucial role in determining the enterprise efficiency. Accounting procedures occupy a key place in information support system of any enterprise, since the original information on the enterprise activities in the form of financial statements and internal documentation (source documents, journals and ledgers) is essential in order to meet the needs of internal and external users. It is particularly important to account for operating expenses, which forms in
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Elina, Ade, and Susi Handayani. "PENGARUH BEBAN PROMOSI, BIAYA PRODUKSI DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP LABA PERUSAHAAN." Equilibrium: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan dan Ekonomi 18, no. 02 (2021): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/equi.v18i2.4187.

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This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of promotional costs, production costs and sales growth on company profits in manufacture companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. Profit is the result of the difference between the income from the resource or income with the expenditure of the resource or expense for its existence. Companies need to reduce any costs incurred to get a profit, one of which is promotional expenses. Promotional expenses, namely promotional budget expenditures to acquire customers for products that have been issued by the
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Seidi, Masoud, and Mehdi Jamshidnia. "Modelling the Production Planning in the case of Production and Asset Constraint Considering the Rejected and Recycled Product keeping Centres (Case Study: Water Pump Producer)." Ciência e Natura 37 (December 21, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20839.

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This study aims to provide a general modelling for production planning and the supply chain control in a large scale, in which the asset constraint and places for recycling and junking are added to the issues of production and capacity limitations of the company. Accordingly this study includes the optimization of production process besides the supply chain control proposes and the feasibility of recycle centres in order to decrease the production expense and having more profitability, which finally lead to the customer satisfaction and production system efficiency. The objective function of t
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Shagaliev, F. M., I. Z. Khusnutdinov, and F. A. Gafarov. "DECREASING FODDER EXPENSES ON MILK PRODUCTION." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 46, no. 2 (2018): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2018-46-2-90-93.

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РАЗУМОВСКИЙ, Н. "Optimizing forage expenses for milk production." Животноводство России, no. 4 (April 2, 2024): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25701/zzr.2024.02.006.

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Minaiev, Dmytro, and Yuriy Radelytskyy. "Classification of agricultural activities costs in accounting and control in the conditions of using geo- information technologies." Herald of Economics, no. 3 (November 7, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2023.03.097.

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Introduction. Activities in the agribusiness sector are characterized by significant variability of costs, which can be explained by the specific organizational and technological features of agricultural production. Among such industry-specific characteristics of the agricultural sphere, in the context of the digitization of socio-economic processes, the impact of geo-information technologies (GIS technologies) is pertinent. For the purpose of effective agribusiness management utilizing modern geo-information technologies, the identification and systematization of costs from the perspective of
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Ometsinska, Iryna. "Features of formation of overall costs for goods (works and services) in managerial accounting for pricing purposes." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4(90) (December 12, 2018): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.04.120.

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The article examines the economic substance and structure of technological, production and overall costs for goods (works and services). It is found that technological costs include direct expenses of enterprises, whereas production costs also include variable production overhead costs and constant apportioned production overhead costs. In managerial accounting for pricing purposes, overall costs are viewed as production costs for goods (works and services) plus administrative expenses, sales expenses and other expenses of operating activities. The article argues that expenses of other operati
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ROMANOVA, Olga, and Svetlana REPINA. "PRIMARY ACCOUNTING OF BUSINESS EXPENSES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 298, no. 5 Part 1 (2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-298-5(1)-15.

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The article analyzes the process of documenting the costs of enterprises ‘ activities. In the process of activity, enterprises bear a variety of costs in the production of necessary products for the functioning of production and non-production systems in the state, but the continuity of this process depends on the well-coordinated work of the energy complex, since energy consumers are all areas of the state economy that are set when forming GDP. Therefore, the importance of analyzing the composition of costs, production, financial, operational, and other types at energy enterprises is importan
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Subramanian, Shalini, and Seyedmorteza Latifi. "Energy Consumption Optimization of Cold Strip Rolling Lubricated in Mixed Regime." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 10, no. 01 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.10.1.1.

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Cold rolling is one of the most popular metal forming methods. Due to mass production of companies which have cold rolling unites, it is essential to make the process optimum to reduce undesirable expense of production. One of the main production expenses is the power which is generally spends in the form of electricity. In the present study, power consumption of rolling is investigated with oil as lubricant
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Production expenses"

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Mamchuk, I. V., and D. S. Lyamets. "Account of nature-protective expenses on ecologically harmful production." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8282.

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Abón, Palomino Norma. "Implementación de un sistema de costos por orden de producción y su incidencia en los estados financieros de la Empresa Textil S.A.C. de Lima Metropolitana, año 2015-2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1435.

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El objetivo de esta propuesta no solo es brindarle a la empresa una herramienta que le permita cumplir con sus obligaciones tributarias, sino también poder comparar los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación con los estados financieros del periodo 2015 y poder analizar si los costos fijos y variables con los que se estimaron los precios de venta para el periodo 2016 son los adecuados, como también medir el grado de eficiencia en que la empresa se encuentra. The objective of this proposal is not only to provide the company with a tool that allows it to comply with its tax obligations, bu
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Жулавський, Аркадій Юрійович, Аркадий Юрьевич Жулавский, Arkadii Yuriiovych Zhulavskyi та Д. В. Мирошниченко. "Управління витратами промислового підприємства в ринкових умовах господарювання". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33151.

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В умовах ринкової економіки розвиток сучасного підприємства в більшій мірі залежить від величини витрат на виготовлення продукції. Так як умови зовнішнього середовища весь час змінюються, то в період погіршення кон’юнктури ринку перед управлінцями постає питання як ефективно керувати витратами. Під час стабільного розвитку економіки вони мають визначити оптимальне співвідношення між фондом споживання і фондом накопичення. Саме формування ефективної системи управління витратами сприяє вирішенню цих задач. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456
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Думенко, В. В. "Організація і методика обліку і аудиту загальновиробничих витрат на сільськогосподарському підприємстві". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68786.

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У роботі досліджено економічну сутність витрат, їх класифікацію та нормативно-правове забезпечення. Проведений аналіз фінансово-господарської діяльності господарства та розглянуто загальні аспекти обліку та контролю витрат на виробництво продукції рослинництва. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендації щодо удосконалення обліку і контролю витрат на виробництво продукції рослинництва<br>В работе исследована экономическая сущность затрат, их классификация и нормативно-правовое обеспечение. Проведен анализ финансово-хозяйственной деятельности хозяйства и рассмотрены общие аспекты у
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Fourie, Willem Cornelius Jacobus. "Inkomstebelasting van veeboere : 'n vergelykende analise in geselekteerde lande / W.C.J. Fourie." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4597.

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The current South African tax system offers livestock farmers a variety of forms of relief. There are also certain aspects that do not make it so advantageous to be regarded as a farmer by the tax collector. A large number of farmers emigrate to other countries without knowing how the tax systems of those countries function or how much tax they will have to pay. With these factors in mind the question arises concerning how other countries tax their livestock farmers and what relief is provided to them. The objective of this research is to examine and compare the theoretical tax legislation of
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Козлова, Марія Олександрівна. "Система оцінки ефективності фінансових витрат у виробництві з використанням системного підходу". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25813.

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Магістерська дисертація: 91 с., 29 рис., 24 табл., 2 додатки і 19 джерел. Об’єкт дослідження – виробничі лініі на виробництві, витрати які виникають у процесі виробництва. Предмет дослідження – моделі регресійного та дисперсійного аналізів та методи інтелектуального аналізу даних для кількісного та якісного оцінювання показників. Мета роботи – розробка моделей та методів моделювання розподілення фінансових витрат та їх порівняння із існуючими загальноприйнятими. Методи дослідження – моделі регресійного аналізу, дисперсійного аналізу, побудова байесовських мереж. У цій роботі наведені рез
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Lahký, Martin. "Návrh nové výroby polotovarů pro termobloky plynových kotlů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217643.

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Translated work is concerned with issue of reduction of production expenses and planning of production process in company for assembly operations of thermoblocks and aquablocks for gas kettles.In this work is wrote about planning of production and bid for a system of observing process of production cycle.
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Mogrovejo, Chauca Marcos Piero. "La deducción de los gastos por responsabilidad social vinculados a la prevención de conflictos sociales en la minería a fin de determinar el impuesto a la renta empresarial." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1367.

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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el análisis al controversial tema de las consideraciones tributarias de los gastos por responsabilidad social empresarial que realizan las empresas mineras en el Perú, buscando la aprobación de la deducibilidad de estos desembolsos para efectos del Impuesto a la Renta, con la finalidad de evitar conflictos sociales y mantener su fuente de productiva. Asimismo, se busca establecer una solución jurídica para conseguir el beneficio conjunto y sostenible de todos los actores involucrados. La metodología empleada en este trabajo, contempla la investig
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Castillo, Palacios Miguel Angel. "Determinacion de la carga microbiologica de los principales productos carnicos que se expenden en los mercados de Riobamba /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1999. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4186.

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Risco, León Janet Esperanza. "Determinación de triclosán en productos de higiene personal (jabón líquido y gel antibacterial) de diferentes marcas que se expenden en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8603.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Se determina la concentración de triclosán en 32 muestras de jabón líquido y gel antibacterial provenientes de 8 marcas diferentes comercializadas en los principales supermercados de Lima Metropolitana. La presencia y concentración de triclosán se determina por el método de Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC) debido a que es el método de elección según bibliografías actuales. Como resultados se obtiene que de las 8 marcas evaluadas, el 53% presenta concentraciones de triclosán en un rango que oscila de 0.178% a 0.531%; del
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Books on the topic "Production expenses"

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B, Ali Mir, and United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, eds. Specialized U.S. fruit and tree nut farm production expenses. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2009.

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M, Seeley Ralph, Tucker Charlotte K, Economic Research Service, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture, eds. The Food and Agricultural Policy Simulator: Estimation of farm production expenses. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1992.

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Mon, Ya-Feng. Film Production and Consumption in Contemporary Taiwan. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648884.

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This book uses the potent case study of contemporary Taiwanese queer romance films to address the question of how capitalism in Taiwan has privileged the film industry at the expense of the audience's freedom to choose and respond to culture on its own terms. Interweaving in-depth interviews with filmmakers, producers, marketers, and spectators, Ya-Fong Mon takes a biopolitical approach to the question, showing how the industry uses investments in techno-science, ancillary marketing, and media convergence to seduce and control the sensory experience of the audience-yet that control only extend
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Additional petroleum production tax incentives are of questionable merit : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1990.

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Playner, Chelsea. Cattle Farmer Record Book: Livestock Management Tool, Track Cattle AI, Breeding, Income and Expenses, Calving Calendar, Cow Production, Immunizations. Humble Hillside Press, 2024.

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3 Years Chicken Record Keeping Log Book: Keep Track of a Vital Info Like Expenses, Egg Production, Medication etc Farm Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.

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Taylor, L. M. Crazy Chicken Lady Log Book: Track Your Basic Flock Info, Egg Production, Expenses, Coop Maintenance, Health Records, and More with this Chicken Keeping Journal. LM Taylor Publishing, 2023.

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Taylor, L. M. Crazy Chicken Lady Log Book: Track Your Basic Flock Info, Egg Production, Expenses, Coop Maintenance, Health Records, and More with This Chicken Keeping Journal. LM Taylor Publishing, 2023.

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Brien, Linwood. Chicken Keeping Log Book: Chicken Keeping Journal for Farm Management, Egg Production, Health Record, Food History, and EXPENSES / INCOME , 3 Years Chicken Record Keeping Book. Independently Published, 2021.

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Books, Holly. Chicken Keeping Journal: For Your Homestead Farm, Backyard Chicken Log Book, Chicken Egg Records Tracker Log Book, Monthly Planner, Production, Expenses, Notes, Incomes, Health Issues! Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Production expenses"

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Lukefahr, Steven D., James I. McNitt, Peter R. Cheeke, and Nephi M. Patton. "Economics and financial management." In Rabbit production, 10th ed. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249811.0006.

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Abstract This chapter aims to ensure that prospective rabbit raisers enter the business fully aware of the financial limitations and to emphasize the procedures that might aid in attaining financial success. Sections of this chapter cover the financing, expenses, income and cash flow of rabbit enterprises.
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Zeng, Juying. "What Determines the Medical Expenses in China?–Evidence from Outpatients Case." In Innovative Management in Information and Production. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4857-0_37.

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Gupta, Saurabh, and Manju Sharma. "Minimize various expenses arising during production-distribution planning under imprecise demands and production quantity by using fuzzy optimization approach." In Mathematical Sciences and Applications. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003451808-20.

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Pühringer, Andrea. "Frankfurt’s Book and Art Market in the 17th Century." In From Press to Readers. Éditions et Presses universitaires de Reims, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/13fws.

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Frankfurt as the centre of book production is the focus of the study. Due to the poor state of the sources and especially due to the effects of the Thirty Years’ War, which affected Frankfurt in the long term, statements on the organisation of the book and art market in the 17th century can only be made conditionally. The connections between the book market and the art market are an important aspect of the presentation. The increase in illustrations, initially woodcuts, later increasingly copper engravings, not only accelerated book prices, but also production costs. At the same time, they mad
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Voekler, Sascha, and Ulrich Berger. "From Market Research to Manufacturing: A Conjoint Analysis and Reconfigurable Manufacturing System Framework for Product-Line Optimization." In ARENA2036. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88831-1_17.

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Abstract In an era characterized by the rapid evolution of consumer preferences and diminishing product life cycles, the significance of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) has surged. For businesses, swiftly adapting to these fluctuating demands is imperative. Conjoint analysis has emerged as a prevalent method for capturing consumer preferences within market research. Subsequently, to delineate an optimal product-line that aligns with these preferences, product-line optimization strategies, such as profit maximization models, are employed. These models comprehensively consider various
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James, O’Connor. "Social Expenses Of Production." In The Fiscal Crisis of the State. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315132044-7.

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"Marketing Pharmaceuticals." In Pharmaceutical Economics And Policy, edited by Stuart O. Schweitzer. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300956.003.0005.

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Abstract The pharmaceutical industry produces a great number of new products each year, and it is crucial that prescribers be informed about the innovations on a continuing basis. This activity is marketing. According to a report by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) (2002a, 2002b), formerly the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, pharmaceutical companies employed nearly 225,000 people in 2000, with 39% of these employees being involved in marketing, with 22% in research and development (R&amp;D), and 26% in production. The size of the marketing effort in te
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Demchenko, Tetyana. "PRICING POLICY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE ENTERPRISE AND ITS PRODUCTION RESOURCES." In Financial resourcing at micro-, meso-, and macrolevels: Social, security, and fiscal dimensions. OKTAN PRINT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/frammam-24-01-02.

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The efficiency of the economic activity of an enterprise, regardless of its form of ownership, organizational and legal form, industry specifics, scale of activity, largely depends on the efficiency of organizing accounting and debugging information flows in order to meet the needs of internal and external users. This requires constant improvement of financial and management accounting, including accounting for income, expenses of the enterprise, and performance results.
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Avcı, Ali. "Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry." In Farklı Mühendislik Yaklaşımlarıyla Kompozit Malzemeler IV. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub390.c1605.

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The market for materials derived from renewable resources has grown in recent years, driven by factors such as the need to decrease carbon emissions, lower fuel expenses in the automobile sector, address environmental contamination, and mitigate the risk of oil depletion. In the automotive sector, utilising components derived from sustainable sources not only mitigates emissions, but also decreases expenses, conserves fuel, and enhances vehicle weight efficiency. The automotive sector is a globally competitive industry. Continuously, fresh marketplaces and diverse designs are arising with the
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"Oil and Gas Forecast." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0959-0.ch002.

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Initial Oil and Gas Forecast Model With Uncertainty makes forecasts of production-revenues-expenses for a multi-year period in the face of much uncertainty. It creates forecasts for 10 years, with all of the input required. The NPV of about $10.4 million is a best guess, but with all the uncertainty that exists. Oil and Gas Forecast Basic @RISK Model introduces essential improvements. Each of the input cells is modeled with a specific probability distribution. The values are generated once and then used each year. The decline in oil and gas production is constant from year to year. The model a
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Conference papers on the topic "Production expenses"

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Rhim, Jungsoo, and Zoltan Nagy. "Technoeconomic and Sustainability Analysis of Batch and Continuous Crystallization for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.107722.

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Continuous manufacturing in pharmaceutical industries has shown great promise to achieve process intensification. To better understand and justify such changes to the current status quo, a technoeconomic analysis of a continuous production must be conducted to serve as a predictive decision-making tool for manufacturers. This paper uses PharmaPy, a custom-made Python-based library developed for pharmaceutical flowsheet analysis, to simulate an annual production cycle for a given active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of varying production volumes for a batch crystallization system and a contin
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Florescu, Mihaela Cecilia, Ionel Dănuț Savu, Damjan Klobcar, Ines Pires, and Robert Florescu. "Integration of Robots in the Digital and Green Welding Processes." In Advances in Engineering and Management. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-i3kmbl.

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Robot welding is the utilization of industrial robots to automate and execute welding tasks. The robots are outfitted with specialized welding tools and equipment that allow them to manage the welding flame and produce welds with accuracy and uniformity. Robot welding has several benefits, such as enhanced efficiency, superior weld quality, and decreased labor expenses. It is extensively utilized in diverse industries such as automobile production, aerospace, fabrication, and others. The paper deals with the change that will occur at the production level in the field of welding engineering.
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Giridhar, Nishant V., Debangsu Bhattacharyya, Douglas A. Allan, Stephen E. Zitney, Mingrui Li, and Lorenz T. Biegler. "Optimization of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Systems Accounting for Long-Term Performance and Health Degradation." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.177040.

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This study focuses on optimizing solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) systems for efficient and durable long-term hydrogen (H2) production. While the elevated operating temperatures of SOECs offer advantages in terms of efficiency, they also lead to chemical degradation, which shortens cell lifespan. To address this challenge, dynamic degradation models are coupled with a steady-state, two-dimensional, non-isothermal SOEC model and steady-state auxiliary balance of plant equipment models, within the IDAES modeling and optimization framework. A quasi-steady state approach is presented to reduce
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Rangel, Gustavo P., Marcelino L. Fernandes, Hugo R. Matias, and Belmira Neto. "Enhancing Jet Fuel Production: Cutting Costs and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions of Power-to-Liquid Technology." In 2024 10th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction & 2024 5th International Conference on Building Science, Technology and Sustainability. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-h0dl2d.

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This work minimises the operational costs of synthetic jet fuel production (C8 – C16 hydrocarbon range) by manipulating five operating parameters of the power-to-liquid (PtL) process. Conservative estimates for variable expenses (90th percentiles of historical costs) and revenues (10th percentiles of prices for revenues) were assumed for optimisation of the simulation in Aspen PlusTM software. The distributions of costs under parametric uncertainty were obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm. Two optimisation scenarios for cost minimisation were developed. They differ on the assumption that
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Fioravante, Igor F., Riann de Q. N�brega, Rubens Maciel Filho, and Jean F. Leal Silva. "Design and Cost Analysis of a Reactive Distillation Column to Produce Ethyl Levulinate Using Excess Levulinic Acid." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.198461.

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Despite the potential of electrification in transportation, diesel will remain one of the main fuels for decades. The replacement of diesel with biodiesel is one of the solutions to decrease the net emissions of diesel engines. However, biodiesel has limited performance in cold weather and requires fuel additives. In this context, choosing additives from non-edible, inexpensive, renewable sources is important. Ethyl levulinate, an ester derived from levulinic acid that can be produced from sugarcane, is a promising option because it improves the cold-flow properties of fuels and reduces soot e
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Vaskova, Hana, and Karel Kolomaznik. "Mathematical model of expenses for collagen hydrolyzate production." In 2017 18th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2017.7970446.

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Baron, V. S., A. C. Dick, and A. Ohama. "Swath Grazing: Feeding “Hay” Without the Production Expenses." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0252.

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Popov, Vladimir. "HYDROPONICS IS A NEW PARADIGM AND A WAY OF FODDER PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-134-144.

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Hydroponics is a way of intensification and a new paradigm of fodder production: from adaptive plant growing to operated cultivation of green mass of the set property. In a review the precondition of introduction of the alternative high-quality green foods "know-how" in completely controllable conditions are presented. Terms and definitions of the general concept and separate parts of hydroponic forage are given. Hydroponics makes for every day providing animals with the adequate quantity of high-quality forage. The hydroponics of forages allows to cultivate ecologically pure and organic produ
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Borovska, Taisa. "Optimal aggregation models for the problem of minimizing the total expenses of multiproduct production." In 2016 XIth International Scientific and Technical Conference “Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stc-csit.2016.7589889.

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Maheshwari, Nitin, Sultan Lobari, and Ali Awadh Saary. "Production Optimization and Reservoir Monitoring Through Virtual Flow Metering." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211233-ms.

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Abstract Development of marginal oil fields having limited production rate are typically very challenging, especially for the fields where reservoir behavior could be very sensitive to the operating envelop. Also, minimizing the operational expenses is the key for economic development of such marginal fields. Bu Haseer is one of the marginal fields in offshore concession area of Al Yasat Petroleum Operations Company. Al Yasat has implemented hybrid virtual flow meter solution in Bu Haseer field, to enhance the reservoir management plan while minimizing the operational expenses. Hybrid virtual
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Reports on the topic "Production expenses"

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Author, Not Given. Historical plant cost and annual production expenses for selected electric plants 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6264463.

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Vasilov, Camelia, Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, and Mats Hoppenbrouwers. Is Poverty Underestimated Because Males and Females Report Food Security and Food Expenses Differently? Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/basic.2025.003.

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Does the gender of household survey respondents affect the accuracy of reported food consumption? Findings from a randomisation-based survey of beneficiary households in the Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia suggest that it might – with implications for the targeting of such programmes. Females reported greater food insecurity and males reported higher food expenditures. Such striking gender differences raise the possibility that poor households may be classified as non-poor, or less poor than they actually are. Survey design and respondent selection should therefore aim to minimise
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ROTH, Vathana, Socheat KEO, and Sokcheng SIM. Profitability and Technical Efficiency of Chilli Farms in Cambodia. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.144.202406.

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In this study, we examine the revenue, costs, profits and technical efficiency of chilli farms in Cambodia. We employ a representative sample of 542 chilli farming households from Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Cham, Tboung Khmum and Kandal. The sample was randomly selected using a two-stage stratified sampling design, where villages were chosen in the first stage as the primary sampling unit and households engaged in chilli production were selected in the second stage as the secondary sampling units. The selection of primary sampling units was proportional to the numbe
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Batt, Rosemary, Eileen Applebaum, and Tamar Katz. The Role of Public REITs in Financialization and Industry Restructuring. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp189.

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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are important but little studied financial actors that control over $3.5 trillion in gross assets and over 500,000 properties in the U.S. Yet they have been largely ignored because tax rules define them as ‘passive investors.’ The evidence in this report shows that they are actually financial actors that aggressively buy up property assets and manage them to extract wealth at taxpayers’ expense. This study identifies the powerful impact that REITs, as owners of the real estate that houses productive enterprises, have had on operating companies and on the U
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. face of interaction of anti-insect selective toxins with receptor site-3 on voltage-gated sodium channels as a platform for design of novel selective insecticides. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699857.bard.

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Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play a pivotal role in excitability and are a prime target of insecticides like pyrethroids. Yet, these insecticides are non-specific due to conservation of Navs in animals, raising risks to the environment and humans. Moreover, insecticide overuse leads to resistance buildup among insect pests, which increases misuse and risks. This sad reality demands novel, more selective, insect killers whose alternative use would avoid or reduce this pressure. As highly selective insect toxins exist in venomous animals, why not exploit this gift of nature and harness t
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Langner. L51646 Collapse of Offshore Pipelines Seminar Proceedings. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010214.

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The feasibility of laying offshore pipelines in deep waters, to 3000 feet and beyond, has been established by theoretical studies by a number of different individuals and organizations over the past several years. These various theoretical studies are now being tested and refined as pipelines and production facilities are being installed in ever-deeper waters. A pipeline failure in these great depths would be intolerable, among other reasons because of the great difficulty and exorbitant expense of performing a deepwater repair. A thorough understanding of the buckling and collapse behavior of
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, et al. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner.
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Steffens, John, Eithan Harel, and Alfred Mayer. Coding, Expression, Targeting, Import and Processing of Distinct Polyphenoloxidases in Tissues of Higher Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7613008.bard.

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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones at the expense of O2. PPOs are ubiquitous in higer plants, and their role in oxidative browning of plant tissues causes large annual losses to food production. Despite the importance of PPOs to agriculture, the function(s) of PPOs in higher plants are not understood. Among other roles, PPOs have been proposed to participate in aspects of chloroplast metabolism, based on their occurrence in plastids and high Km for O2. Due to the ability of PPO to catalyze formation of highly reactive quinones, PPOs have also been proposed
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Bondarenko, Olga V. The didactic potential of virtual information educational environment as a tool of geography students training. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3761.

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The article clarifies the concept of “virtual information educational environment” (VIEE) and examines the researchers’ views on its meaning exposed in the scientific literature. The article determines the didactic potential of the virtual information educational environment for the geography students training based on the analysis of the authors’ experience of blended learning by means of the Google Classroom. It also specifies the features (immersion, interactivity, and dynamism, sense of presence, continuity, and causality). The authors highlighted the advantages of virtual information educ
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Guevara-Castañeda, Diego Alejandro, Leonardo Villar-Gómez, Olga Lucía Acosta-Navarro, et al. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia, February 2025. Banco de la República, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.01-2025.

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In 2024, the macroeconomic adjustment process continued, characterized by a sustained reduction in inflation that began in 2023 and a decline in the current account deficit of the balance of payments. This adjustment took place in the context of a contractionary monetary policy, with a gradual reduction in the monetary policy interest rate. GDP grew by 1.7%, driven by investment and consumption, while employment increased by 2.2%. Foreign reserves remained at adequate levels, and Banco de la República recorded a profit of COP 10,041 billion, benefiting from the returns on foreign reserves. Mac
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