Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Production – Gestion – Aspect de l'environnement'
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Ameknassi, Lhoussaine. "Stratégie de mise en œuvre de l'éco-conception : aspects techniques & organisationnels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23404.
Full textFournel, Sébastien. "Étude comparative des émissions de gaz et d'odeurs issues de différents systèmes de gestion des déjections en production d'oeufs de consommation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28491/28491.pdf.
Full textN'Kounkou, Urbain Anselme. "Gestion territoriale des ordures ménagères franciliennes : le gisement des ordures ménagères, leurs espaces de production : vers une minimisation du flux résiduel." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA3004.pdf.
Full textAlliaume, Véronique. "Intégration de l'environnement dans la stratégie d'entreprise : cas d'application EDF." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0038.
Full textImpacts, the preservation of nature, the safety and security of products, and chemical or nuclear installations,. . . The dynamics of this standardisation process (the definition of technical and legal standards) the development and internationalisation of environmental policies (setting up of appropriate regulatory bodies) has resulted, at least in part, in an internationalisation by those responsible for the pollution of the social costs related to the environmental damage caused. Indeed, these dispositions have mostly been lobbied by the numerous associations or environmental and or ecological movements, with the assistance of the lawyers, the support of science and economics professors, and the back up of the media, to the extent that public opinion still today is significant in shaping environmental action, and plays a crucial role for those companies accused of misdemeanours. As a result, Electricite de France, one of the largest electricity companies in the world and one of the last state monopolies, has had to adapt on three fronts : internal, national and international. At each of these three levels, the environment is one of the major factors that EDF is required to consider in order to deal with its development and future. Such environmental problems that EDF must face are obviously related to the activities of the company which generates almost all the electric energy of France, as well as supplying and distributing it to each customer's home. Furthermore, through its undertakings abroad : direct sales of electricity in Europe, export and operations of electricity generating systems, technical and financial engineering, or its "diplomatic" activity through its participation in E7, EDF is required to meet a global challenge : that of sustainable development. Hence, the environment plays a significant role with implications across the board of EDF's activities and strategy, whether in technical choices for generation or marketing of…
Weiss, Karine. "Gestion des relations interpersonnelles en milieu confiné." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H028.
Full textIsolation and confinement are linked to a complex interaction between many factors, and especially physical and social ones. Subjects have to cope with social and physical isolation from their usual world. In the same time, they must face the promiscuity through the continue presence of others. Consequently, relational behaviours can reveal adaptation reactions in this kind of situation. A systematic observation has been made in two confined environments in order to identify these affiliative effects: on one hand during an antarctic wintering over, and on the other hand during an ESA/CNES experiment of weightlessness simulation. In this last one, eight subjects had to stay during 42 days in bed, in a head-down tilt position. In the two cases, the observation of interpersonal behaviours has been completed by verbal indicators of the situation's perception by the subjects (diary, questionnaires). The first situation allowed to study the construction of affiliative groups and their evolution during the isolation period. With the second research, in which dyads were artificially constituted before the beginning of the experiment, the importance of social relationships can be seen with an interpersonal regulation through an effect of "behavioural contagion", expressed by a common behavioural style in each dyad. This contagion, as well as a "relative evaluation" of the situation show the importance of the emotional or goal-oriented social comparison. In the two cases, it was possible to define on one hand a learning stage during which subjects could cope with the unusual situation, and on the other hand a negative stage corresponding to the "third-quarter phenomenon"
Llerena, Daniel. "L'internalisation de l'environnement et apprentissages dans les organisations." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC11.
Full textThis dissertation focusses on the dynamic of integration of the environmental issues in the activities of industrial organizations. The development of environmental knowledge is based on double-loop learning inside the firm in order to create new theories of actions which integrate the environmental dimension. In the first part of the dissertation, the analysis of individual learning processes allows us to characterize the formation of beliefs when the agents are confronted with radical uncertainty and, thus, to precise the concept of contextual rationality. In the second part, the creation of organizational knowledge is analysed. The introduction of a cooperative structure inside the firm is central to our analysis of emergence of collective knowledge. The efficiency of the firm depends on the evolution of individual knowledge and know-how, but also on the evolution of the capabilities of the members to bring together and to combine their skills in order to create new competences in the organization. Organizational learning is then analysed in terms of cognitive cooperations between the members of the firm
Personne, Marion. "Contribution à la méthodologie d'intégration de l'environnement dans les PME-PMI : évaluations des performances environnementales." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0110/these.pdf.
Full textWe have studied electro-optical properties of both wurtzite and zinc-blende gallium nitride (GaN), which is, presently, the most promising material for blue light emitting diodes applications. Samples characterized in this study are epitaxial layers deposited on different substrates with large mismatch of lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient. First, the intrinsic-optical material properties are studied by photoluminescence and photoreflectance. The evolution of excitonic recombination energies with both residual strain and temperature is observed. Moreover, the effect of a high doping level on band edge transitions is shown. Particularly, we evidenced an auto-compensation phenomenon in highly silicon-doped layers. In a second part, we studied defect-related photoluminescence transitions, which are correlated with sample growth conditions or doping. In undoped or magnesium doped layers, similarities between deep luminescence bands in zinc-blende and in wurtzite GaN are shown. Using these results, we analyse p-n GaN junction electroluminescence of both polytypes. The third part is devoted to electrical studies of hexagonal phase GaN Shottky diodes and p-n junctions. We analyse current-conduction mechanisms, and evidence several deep levels in GaN bandgap, which may be involved in radiative recombination mechanism. Our results allow a better understanding of electrical conduction and radiative recombination mechanisms in GaN-based optoelectronic devices, and a forecast of the influence of material growth conditions on the device performance
Bara, Poloumbodje Sylvie. "Droit de propriété, genre et gestion de l'environnement." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIME005/document.
Full textThe thesis on "Property Rights, Gender and Environmental Management" is the product of a long research conducted to obtain the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences-Human and Society Sciences at University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne in France. The purpose of this research is to inform readers about the difficulties faced by states, international institutions, academics (economists and jurists) and stakeholders to define a mechanism for environmental management that can reconcile discussions between economists and jurists in property rights, considers the interests and collective rights of vulnerable groups, and promote access and control populations men and women to resources (land, income, culture, etc.). Note that the environment is a public good whose owner is the state, men, women and indigenous peoples have access to the control of the public good if the state grants them the right to property. What mechanism in environmental governance that can remove these limits in private, collective, and public property rights and also human rights? This is the question that the research seeks to answer.The empirical data collection is preferred. Thus, field surveys and studies involving groups of people and those directly involved have been undertaken in various Sub Saharan African countries. Analysis of economic theories and legal rights in private property, common and global public as well as comparative analysis were made. Research on causal sex / gender and its influence on the governance of the environment are also performed. The approach is reinforced by case studies and testimonials in various target countries.The conclusion does not address a successful outcome but formulate a proposal model of environmental governance based on the harmonization of economic theories and legal national and international policies which is based on Human Rights. Keywords: Ownership gender environment governance heritage property natural resources climate change sustainable development discrimination society
Rondeau, Frederic. "Gestion des eaux usées urbaines en temps de pluie : comportement d'un réservoir de rétention." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20659.
Full textPham, Do Dieu Thu. "Managing green recruitment to attract pro-environmental job seekers : the combined effect of green organizational process and green organizational distinctiveness of «Handicap» principle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68754.
Full textThe pursuit for environmental sustainability of business firms and the active participation of not-for-rofit organisations worldwide in proactive deal with environmental problems in recent decade have contributed a great effort to the environmental movement. One reason is related to the environmental degeneration in some regions and the increase in individual environmental footprint that urges the societal change in socio- cological responsibility. The other reason is the recognition of green rewards that environmental performance brings to a firm, including both intrinsic outcomes and extrinsic outcomes ensuring sustainable development goals. This thesis envisions an eco-living future of clean, safe, and healthy toward which the participating organisations' environmental orientations need to comply to corporate ethics of green mission in terms of reducing social inequality and preventing environmental crisis. This requires the appropriate enablement of corporate environmental performance of no below standard and no extremism from both green and nongreen actors. In corporate green mission, employees are accountable for their participation in environmental practices. Their pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviours determine their corporate environmental performance, which is conceptualized to encompass environmental management and environmental operation practices. To both the pioneers and the newcomers in this green field, forging a pro-environmental workforce of talented managers and fully skilled workers is vital to the organisational survival and success provided they have ecological value congruence and are willing to engage in focus environmental orientation, meaning organisational pro-environmental behaviours. Therefore, attracting the fit pro-environmental individuals should be executed in a consistent manner to recruit and maintain their environmental performance as well as to remove their intention to leave early. Since green recruitment and selection is the foremost in the green organisational life cycle to guarantee pro-environmental workforce in quality, green candidate attraction is worth doing in a proactive manner in order to recruit, attract, identify and select the right type of pro-environmental talents. However, in the context of blooming Marketing and greenwashing or in case where there is dishonesty on environmental characteristics of both recruiters and applicants, how the organisational attraction should be conducted in a pro-environmental and corporate ethic manner to generate early the job seekers' positive perceptions of organisational attractiveness for environment in the one part and detect the fit ones in the other? Likewise, due to recent decades' rapid changing life of manipulation and deception, particularly in an « arms race », what key signalling factor is to make the pro-environmental talents and potentials recognise a true pro-environmentalemployer who is compatible with them? Which pro-environmental signal is hard-to-fake? From the tenet of signalling theory and from a knowledge-based view, this thesis responds to these emerging issues by researching into the insight of management of green organisational capacity and green recruitment to attract existing and future employees, which are happening now. The overall findings indicate a stabilized environmental movement which is comprised of green organisational processes in conformity with optimal heterogeneity of green organizational distinctiveness representing the organizational ecological value to sustain an organisational hard-to-fake character. A model of « Handicap » principle conveying the ethics of pro-environmental attraction and practical implications for defining, recruiting, detecting and selecting the right type of pro-environmental talents with a focus environmental orientation of the employing organisation are recommended.
Lafontaine, Jean-Philippe. "Adoption et assimilation des outils de gestion : le cas des outils de contrôle de gestion environnemental dans les organismes certifiés ISO 14001." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4004.
Full textThis thesis concerns the environmental performance by firms. An empirical study was carried out among ISO 14001 certified firms. We identify four important points. ISO 14001 norms help firms to implement a strategy and an organization adapted to a context concerned by environment, and firms are forced to adopt environmental management control tools like green performance indicators and environmental budgets (1). The assimilation of these tools can generate differences in perception between players and there are less problems concerning green performance indicators than about environmental budgets (2). Environmental performance is carried out by environmental managers (3). It is necessary that accounting, control and audit professions move to give an account of environmental management performance to firms managers (4)
Tchuikoua, Louis Bernard. "Gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Douala au Cameroun : opportunité ou menace pour l'environnement et la population ?" Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30006.
Full textSince the Seventies, the vast spreading out of Douala, amplified by a running demography, involved an imbalance of its urban organization. Consequently, disparities increased between the districts, complicating the social and spatial structure and the functioning of the whole area. The construction of the city was and continues to be settled by logics and actions who bring about the amplification of an urban disorder. In this context, the problems which this research approaches are that of the environmental and medical threats related to the bad management of domestic solid waste in Douala, whereas the latter abounds in socio-economic and energy opportunities which could be developed, reducing at the same time ecological hazards. Armed with this knowledge, we introduced the following assumption : « The bad management of domestic solid waste in Douala shows that for the time being it constitutes primarily a threat. The emergence of the popular practices in this management, and the ever-present environmental-medical risks that are related to these practices, testify truly to the existence of the threat. However, since domestic solid waste, beyond the activities of salvage, can also be transformed into “clean manure” or into biomass usable within the framework of renewable energies, we will be able to declare that domestic solid waste is an opportunity in the sustainable development, even if such opportunities are less developed or not in the town of Douala. From the observations on the field, the investigations with urban dwellers and some social and institutional actors, the readings in the libraries, the space locations (cartography, ground level and aerial photography), and our empirical knowledge, we can make certain that since the Seventies, the city of Douala undergoes a spectacular space growth. Thus the unconstructible areas (steeply sloping zones, marshes and mangrove) were widely colonized by dwellings, without any plan of preliminary installation. Consequently, the majority of these areas, moreover isolated, which we called territories of middle salubrity and unsanitary territories, hardly provide the effective strategies of modern management. As for the actions implemented by HYSACAM, which is in charge of the modern waste management, they are inadequate. These failures caused the emergence in this management of some popular practices that proved to be unsuitable in the urban milieu, and carrying environmental risks. In addition, economic and energetic opportunities in the field of domestic waste are almost unknown for the majority as well as for the local government. Therefore we proposed some ways out and ideas about domestic waste which could minimize the threats, while developing related opportunities. Namely : rigorous help observance of the current regulation, installation of a municipal police force of environment, popularization campaigns about the environment and the sustainable development, formal gathering of the NGO that already take part in pre-collection and optimization of refuse, promotion of individual composting, closing of the sole (and harmful) rubbish dump that currently works in Douala, setting-up of a project of biomethanation of waste, and creation of a local ecotax in Cameroon
Duclos, Denis. "Le risque industriel : de l'identité institutionnelle au sujet civil : les acteurs sociaux face aux impacts des activités techniques et industrielles sur l'environnement naturel et humain." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0014.
Full textThe author analyses, from a sociological point of view, how institutional actors react to technical and industrial hazards, taking examples in developped countries, and especially in France and the United States. He reviews the existing litterature about the experts facing risks, (scientists, safety engineers, economists), the industrial and business behaviour insafety issues, political and administrative attitudes, environmental movements and trade unions dealing with both occupational and environmental risks. The author undertakes the similarities between various institutions: there is a general "cultural bias" which can be characterized as a strong tendency to "euphemize" dangers coming from one's own activity, and, reversedly, to "emphasize" hazards to be attributed to other instances. More generally, social actors tend to perceive risk only within the limits of a "dramatic" construction of reality in which dangers which are not symbolised are simply "non existing". The author tries to sustain this statement by exploring the relationships emerging between the individual and the institution, when they are confronting industrial hazards. The main empirical results (including interviews in American and French situations - in chemical plants) lead the author to the conclusion that reciprocal "implication" (Individual vs. Institution) explains the cultural bias in risk perception. According to this, as far as they tend to become "closed worlds", institutions may develop risk perception systems which are more and more severed from reality. On the contrary, individuals, who deal with different social worlds at the same time, may be "risk reducing factors"
Olive, Thierry. "Economie de la production de textes : gestion des ressources attentionnelles et mode d'activaton des processus rédactionnels." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10021.
Full textLoulidi, Souad. "Les barrages et l'environnement au Maroc : aspects juridiques." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020130.
Full textDams in Morocco are a privileged means for water management. They are also an instrument of development securing several benefits through the domestication and the management of a valuable resource. However, their impact on the environment cannot be neglected. Despite a recent preoccupation, its importance is nevertheless a major one because it conditions the accomplishment of the objectives and even the benefit of these works. In which judicial and institutional frames has the building of dams been undertaken? What are the judicial aspects and their repercussions on the environment, and what could be the role of the law in preventing this impact and controlling a posteriori the damages they cause? These are the questions to which the present study intends to provide an answer. The first part analyses the normative plurality, which characterises water law and retraces its evolution, which has been preliminary to the building of dams (chapter1). It also presents the role of the competent administrations in matters of construction and their action in the exploitation of these works (chapter 2). The second part examines the repercussions of dams on the environment and their judicial consideration. It highlights, on the one hand, the disturbances, which these works might cause in the sites to which they are attached (chapter 1). On the other hand, it describes the gaps in the Moroccan environmental law as far as prevention and reparation are concerned, indicating the perspectives for the expansion of this law (chapter 2)
Nkwocha, Edmund E. "Aspects géographiques de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Nigéria : politiques, techniques et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10053.
Full textParé-Bourque, Marie. "Gestion des eaux pluviales : qualité des eaux et contrôle en temps réel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20657.
Full textPersais, Eric. "La prise en compte des paramètres écologiques par l'entreprise industrielle : approche contingente." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT4001.
Full textWelch-Devine, Meredith. "Co-gestion des milieux naturels dans les Pyrénées : Natura 2000 et la gestion des propriétés collectives Basques (exemple du pays de Soule)." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU1012.
Full textThe Basque province of Soule (department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France) contains more than 14,000 hectares of common-pool land. This land provides numerous resources, most notably summer pasturage, to the animal raisers of the province who, for centuries, have collectively managed that land under a common property regime. At the same time, biodiversity conservation has arisen as a chief concern of the international community and of European policy-makers. In 1992, the European Commission passed the Habitats Directive, which, together with the Birds Directive, creates a pan-European network of areas to be managed for social, economic, and ecological sustainability. This network, called Natura 2000, is made up of conservation sites on both public and private lands, and the common lands of Soule are covered almost in their entirety by Natura 2000 sites. The implementation of Natura 2000 is pushing the current system toward one of co-management between resource users, state agencies, and other stakeholders yet to be identified. This dissertation research examines the co-management process that is slowly emerging and compares it to the existing management regime. I discuss how relations between Basques and the French state combine with features of the implementation process to create resistance. I then examine the major themes of resistance and their origins, and explore the particularities that must be considered when moving from common property to co-management
Doiron, Martin. "Réduire la pollution ou réduire la production ? Allocation des réductions d'émissions en présence d'effet d'apprentissage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24354/24354.pdf.
Full textOumnia, Sandrine. "Proposition d'une démarche d'accompagnement à la mise en œuvre de systèmes de management de l'environnement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL060N.
Full textMettoux, Anne-Paule. "Associations et changement social : le cas d'Eau et Rivières de Bretagne, association de défense de l'environnement." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100084.
Full textFor more than a century, the right of association has been legitimated in France. It concerns all sectors of economic and social life. Associations reflect democraty that inspired their creation. During the previous centuries, indeed, the association movement was built at the same time as the settlement of democratic system. Wether idealised or critised, an association leaves no one indifferent. With the advent of consumerism, urbanisation and working time reduction, associations have been blooming in all sectors of activity. As they are sensitive to conjuctural and structural changes, they do contribute to social changes through integration of civil society concerns within their own evolution.
Dje, Aya Georgette. "Gouvernance et gestion des déchets ménagers urbains à Abidjan : cas des communes de Cocody, Yopougon et Abobo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28996/28996.pdf.
Full textDomergue, Magali. "Donner une valeur monétaire à l'environnement, une aide pour la décision publique ? : le cas de la gestion des déchets et du solaire photovoltaïque à Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0128.
Full textThis thesis aims to explore the monetization potential of non-market values in the environmental sector, for public decisions, through the analysis of two examples : renewable energy produced by photovoltaic solar panels and household waste management. Thus, it was necessary to create a valuation weighting factors reference base, so as to convert the impact of quantitative flows (tons of C02 , kg of nitrogen oxide emissions. . . ) into monetized value (euro per C02, euro per kgNOx. . . ). The economic and environmental assessments of the installation of photovoltaic panels on municipal buildings in Paris show a resulting social cost. Concerning domestic waste management in Paris in 2007, monetized data brought forth several interesting facts : environmental benefit of recycling, environmental performance of the SYCTOM incinerators. . . The analysis was undertaken by pursuing a 30 year projection. This analysis served as a reference to study the effectiveness of actions to improve the future environmental performance thus highlighting another benefit of monetization, which is the possibility to develop and analyze scenarios under budget constraint. The results based on WF coming from different studies and settings are weak but preferable to the lack of data which may lead to potentially arbitrary decisions and therefore contrary to environmental interest (secondary effects not taken into account, mobilizing budget for limited effects. . . ). These verifiable results with ranges of uncertainty represent support of discussion around a single aggregate indicator easier to handle and more comprehensible than multiple physical flows of impacts. A wide set of referenced WF accompanied by rules of use and rules of evolution would allow developing interest in monetization in France and thus generating decision tools
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textLarroque, Claire. "Une éthique de la gestion des déchets : du modèle technocratique au modèle démocratique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29752.
Full textCette thèse examine les questions éthiques, sociales et politiques posées par la gestion des déchets mise en place par les sociétés industrielles. La réflexion prend son point de départ dans le constat qu’en philosophie l’analyse de la gestion des déchets se limite à une approche symbolique des rapports que nous entretenons avec eux. Il s’agit de montrer qu’une telle approche occulte l’arrière-plan politique et social du problème et qu’elle ne fait pas de la gestion des déchets l’objet d’un questionnement sur le rapport entre l’homme et la nature, reléguant l’enjeu environnemental posé par les déchets au domaine technique. Ce travail propose de dépasser la logique dualiste selon laquelle il reviendrait aux techniciens de prendre en charge le traitement physique des déchets et aux philosophes de s’occuper de l’examen d’une signification symbolique (intrasociale). Il s’agit de démontrer que loin d’être circonscrite à la sphère technico-économique, la gestion des déchets par les sociétés industrielles est en interaction permanente avec le monde social et soulève des problèmes de justice. Dans cette perspective, le problème environnemental soulevé par les déchets ne peut être saisi que si l’on adopte une conception de la nature comme communauté : les déchets en atteignant (de façon inégale) l'environnement des populations affectent également celles-ci parce qu'elles entretiennent avec lui une relation d’interdépendance. Afin de déterminer les principes normatifs d’une justice détritique et de penser une juste gestion des déchets, la thèse soutient alors une conception culturelle des inégalités environnementales.
This thesis aims at examining the ethical, social and political issues raised by waste management of industrialized societies. Philosophical analyses of waste management generally adopt a symbolic approach that tends, in one hand, to ignore political and social issues and, on the other hand, to disregard the human-nature relation since environmental issues of waste management are limited to technical sphere. Yet, I suggest that this dual approach must be criticized and question the idea that technicians should deal with the waste treatment while philosophers (or sociologists) should only considerer the symbolic significance. This work argues that waste management of industrialized societies is not only a technical issue since its continuously in relation with the social sphere and among other things raises issues of justice. In this regard, I support that the environmental issue caused by waste management can only be grasped if we assume a conception of nature as community: when wastes affect (unevenly) the environment in which people live, wastes also have an impact on the populations because people nurture interdependent relationship with their environment. Once this has been established, I demonstrate that a cultural vision of environmental inequalities should be defended in order to identify and determine normative principles of waste justice.
Luce, Myriam. "Contrôle et distribution de la production bactérienne de ciméthylsulfure dans l'Artique canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21133.
Full textLizotte, Martine. "Influence de la structure des communautés planctoniques sur la variabilité temporelle et spatiale de la production marine du diméthylsulfure (DMS)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27136/27136.pdf.
Full textDimethylsulfide (DMS) is a sulfur-containing gas that exerts a cooling effect on climate by dispersing solar radiation and contributing to cloud formation in the atmosphere. DMS stems from the degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a compound synthesized by many phytoplankton species in the oceans. A fraction of the oceanic production of DMS results from the direct conversion of DMSP into DMS by certain phytoplankton species and another fraction results from an indirect transformation pathway, via the release of phytoplanktonic DMSP into the water column and its conversion into DMS by the bacterial community. On average, close to 10 % of the DMSP consumed by bacteria is converted into DMS, the rest being assimilated. While the global distribution of oceanic DMS is relatively well established, significant gaps still remain in our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate its production within the marine food web. In this study, the daily and seasonal variations of the production of DMS and the environmental factors that participate in its regulation have been studied in relation to the development of phytoplankton blooms in many biogeochemical provinces of the northwest (NW) Atlantic and the NW Pacific Ocean. A first seasonal study in the NW Atlantic reveals a striking difference in the factors that influence the distribution of DMS and its precursor DMSP. Concentrations of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) are highly correlated with the abundance of DMSPp-rich phytoplankton groups such as dinoflagellates and prymnesiophytes. The microbial dynamics of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), that is its consumption and conversion into DMS by bacteria, are affected by the availability of the substrate. Furthermore, the relative contribution of bacteria to total net DMS production varies greatly among seasons, from 4 to 100 % at different stations. However, at many stations and particularly at those exhibiting high production rates of DMS, a large fraction (as much as 96 %) of the production of DMS results from non-bacterial processes. This suggests that the relative contribution of phytoplankton to the direct conversion of DMSP into DMS is high at these stations. Finally, results from this study suggest that on the latitudinal and seasonal scales considered, concentrations of DMS are highly correlated with environmental forcings, and particularly with doses of solar radiation reaching the planktonic food web. A second study specifically aimed at investigating the fate of DMSP during the decline of the spring diatom bloom in the NW Atlantic shows that despite the important phytoplankton biomass, production rates of DMS remained relatively low during the decline of the phytoplankton bloom in the SML because DMSP was principally utilized as a source of sulfur by the developing bacterial community. A third study focused on the fate of DMSP during an iron-induced bloom in the NW Pacific reveals that the addition of iron in this region resulted in a reduction of the bacterial conversion of DMSPd into DMS within the SML. During the iron-induced bloom, the increase in sulfur demand by the bacterial community lead to an increase in the proportion of consumed DMSPd being assimilated as a sulfur source. This result suggests that the addition of iron in the NW Pacific may diminish the oceanic production of DMS and its ventilation to the atmosphere. Overall, the results presented shed light on the importance of the coupling between the structure and dynamics of the plankton community, the production and composition of dissolved organic matter, which includes DMSPd, and environmental forcing in the cycling of DMS at different temporal scales.
Leconte, Arnaud. "Combler l'écart entre la gestion de l'information et du risque social : : le marché européen du carbone, un modèle pour un marché global du carbone?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0012.
Full textThe development of a new emerging market of carbon emission rights, the EU ETS (European Trading Scheme), since 2005 represents the first empirical attempt to capture new information (the carbon price) in climate risk management. A future global and efficent carbon price set by the market system assumes the existence of financial and technological transfer mechanisms to developing countries under the equity principle. The fair distribution of resources and risks is critical in the carbon market, and issues of equity are central to securing a global action programme to deal with climate change. Most economic studies consider that the carbon market is superior to other instruments (such as the carbon tax) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Formal modelisation in economics focuses on neo-classical models where perfect information is assumed. However, even a small amount of information imperfection has a profound effect on the nature of the equilibrium. The loss of confidence in the market mechanism observed in the current crisis leads to propose a new way of analysing financial markets. Under a framework of interactions between imperfect information and speculative flows, the new model developed in the present thesis, called PRISME, identifies and addresses the six key functions of financial markets: Price, Risk, Incentives, Social, Multiplier and Effectiveness. .
Bascourret, Jean-Marc. "L'intégration de la protection de l'environnement dans la gestion de l'entreprise : analyses et répercussions stratégiques : étude sur le secteur des fabricants de peintures et vernis en France." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11011.
Full textIntegration of environment preservation in firm management is enrolled in a double analytical view : either by the "external" way, that is to by learning on environmental rules setting, or by the "internal" way, integrating ecological requirement in its strategic reflexion. Our research deals with strategic repercussions of these two ways for the firm. "External" integration, built on taxation-subvention mechanisms (which come from internalization of environment externalities) and on overstepping procedures of simple reglementary conformity, is managed by public authorities for a specific aim : to orient firm management toward more environmental integration. Then, we lay down this problem : may be, the firm does a specific strategic reading about environmental rules. "Internal" integration is done at the stratégic reflexion level of the firm. It lays on environmental information system and more or less planned strategic reflexion process. The aim of these tools is to allow the development of ecologic behavior in firm. To this point, we found necessary to ask what is reality, and how firm reacts towards available tools. To answer these question, an empirical ananlysis was realiezd : a study on 65 french paint and varnish manufacturers and three post-test lead to two conclusions. First, in a "external"integration way, firms do have an indirect strategic reading of environmental rules. Second, in an "internal" integration way, strategic reflexion does not lean on planned systems, but however, they are not rejected. Firms retain reactive and preactive behaviors, wich are strategic orientations they want to find in reflexion processes
Laliberté, Jean-Philippe. "Utilisation des méthodes multicritères d'aide à la décision pour le choix d'un meilleur scénario de gestion des sédiments contaminés : cas du lac Saint-Augustin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29425/29425.pdf.
Full textRemediation actions scoped on the contaminated sediments of Lake Saint-Augustin are essential to control the main internal phosphorus intake that accelerates the eutrophication of the lake. Several restoration scenarios combining hydraulic and mechanical dredging, phosphorus inactivation with alum treatment and active capping using limestone are developed on the most heavily contaminated areas of the lake. The use of multicriteria methods for decision support helps to assess the best restoration scenario on the basis of technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. The inactivation of phosphorus by alum followed by the application of a limestone cap on the most heavily contaminated areas of the lake as well as the hydraulic dredging of these areas with polymerisation and filtration of pumped sediments through a filter bag appear to be the two most efficient scenarios to implement at Lake Saint-Augustin on a large scale. Mechanical dredging scenarios come last, even behind the do-nothing option.
Maxim, Laura. "Mobilisation d'un outil multimédia d'aide à la délibération pour l'analyse socio-économique des changements de la biodiversité : réflexions autour de trois études de cas, à l'échelle régionale (Ile de France), nationale (France) et continentale (Europe)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS005S.
Full textThis thesis aims at bringing arguments for and testing a method for the socio-economic analysis of changes in biodiversity, through the use of a deliberation support tool. We propose an approach in terms of knowledge quality assurance, along three dimensions: substantive, contextual and procedural. Based on three case studies (chemical risks for biodiversity in Europe, the risks of the insecticide Gaucho® for honeybees and the changes in the Île-de-France biodiversity), this work shows that the method proposed and the deliberation support tool KerAlarm are efficient supports for highlighting the problems of biodiversity governance and for identifying solutions for them
Da, Silva Paulo R. Guimarães. "La lagune du Abaeté ou pouvoir et environnement : pratiques, demandes et perceptions sociales à Salvador de Bahia, Brésil." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030032.
Full textThis texte will evoke successively : the outburst of environment as a social mobilisation factor leading to action a variety of social actors as well as stressing the concept of territoriality against the macrologic imposed by the metropolitain shape; its incorparation into urban planning and city management related to various interventors+ its basis and the factors which incitates to the environmental defense; the politi cal and institutional effects of such group actions either confrontating or interacting with the state and its procedures to respond to these social demands. The city of salvador, precisely the itapua neighbourhood, is our observation field. From our point of view, itapua incorporates both concrete effects associasted to the increasing differentiation and segregation experienced by the city through its modernisation process, and on the other hand, other symbolic lections which vaunt diferent processes of appropriation and meanings to the space. Since 1984, cultural, historical and ecological values make it out a real example of collective action to defend the environment : the abaete lagoon defense mouvement
Baret, Pierre. "La propriété commune comme instrument de gestion des espaces valorisant leur patrimoine naturel." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21047.
Full textDarvish, Maryam. "Supply chain optimization : location, production, inventory and distribution." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28185.
Full textToday’s challenging and competitive global business environment forces companies to place a premium upon the performance of their supply chains. The key to success lies in understanding and managing several contradicting performance metrics. Companies are compelled to keep their supply chain costs low and to maintain the service level high. In this regard, integrated planning of important supply chain decisions such as location, procurement, production, inventory, and distribution has proved to be valuable in gaining efficiency and responsiveness. Two fundamental operations in supply chain management are production and distribution planning. Traditionally, mainly due to the high complexity and difficulty of these operations, they have been treated separately. This hierarchical or sequential decision making approach imposes high inventory holding cost, as in the traditional approach inventory plays an important role in timely satisfying the demand. However, in the era of supply chain cost reduction, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the interrelations between different decisions, and especially production and distribution decisions, can no longer be neglected. Although the research interest in the integrated supply chain planning has been recently growing, there is still much room to further improve and make the existing models more realistic. Throughout this research, we investigate different rich integrated problems. The richness of the models stems from real-world features such as delivery time windows, flexible network designs, and incorporation of environmental concerns. Our purpose is to highlight the values of integration, in terms of cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction. First, we describe, model, and solve a plant-customer, single product setting in which production and inventory are capacitated and inter-plant transshipment is allowed. The problem is flexible in terms of delivery due dates to customers, as we define a delivery time window. Using a large real dataset inspired from an industrial partner, we compare the integrated approach with several current practice scenarios. We use an exact method to find the solution of each scenario and study the trade-offs between cost and service level in a detailed sensitivity analysis. Our results indicate how the use of a synchronized and holistic approach to decision making provides abundant opportunities for logistics systems in general. We further extend our study by considering a multi-product and multi-echelon setting. In this problem, products are shipped to customers through a set of distribution centers, and the producer has control over their locations. In this study our network design is flexible since it may change over time. As the problem gets richer and more realistic, it also becomes more complex and difficult to solve. Better solutions from the integrated approach are obtained at the expense of higher implementation complexity and execution time. We describe and model the problem, and solve it with both integrated and sequential decision making approaches to indicate when the use of a more complex approach is beneficial. Our work provides insights on the value of the integrated approach compared to the sequential one. To highlight how the two types of flexibility, from the network design and from the delivery time windows, lead to economic savings, we describe, model, and solve an integrated flexible two-echelon location routing problem. In this problem a supplier delivers a commodity to the customers through a two-echelon supply network. Here, we also consider a penalty for each demand that is not satisfied within the pre-specified time window. The problem is studied in a richer setting, as the distribution is conducted via vehicle routing. The fourth part of this thesis addresses the environmental impacts of logistic decisions. Traditionally, supply chain optimization has merely concentrated on costs or the economic aspects of sustainability, neglecting its environmental and social aspects. Aiming to compare the effect of operational decisions not only on costs but also on greenhouse gas emissions, we reassess some well-known logistic optimization problems under new objectives. We study two integrated systems dealing with production, inventory, and routing decisions, in which a commodity produced at the plant is shipped to the retailers over a finite time horizon. We provide elaborated sensitivity analyses allowing us to gain useful managerial implications on the costs and emissions in integrated supply chains, besides important insights on the cost of being environmentally friendly. In this thesis, we aim not only to better understand the integrated logistics as a whole but also to provide useful operational tools for its exploitation. We propose new business models capable of enhancing supply chain performance while at the same time developing mathematical and technical implementation for its effective and efficient use. Keywords: Integrated optimization; Dynamic lot-sizing; Delivery time window; Location analysis; Distribution
Royer, Sarah-Jeanne. "Production biologique du diméthylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) et du diméthylsulfure (DMS) en fonction d'un gradient naturel en fer dans le pacifique subarctique nord-est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26042/26042.pdf.
Full textPaegelow, Martin. "Systeme d'information geographique et gestion de l'environnement application a l'etude des sols et de la pollution par les nitrates d'origine agricole en bassin-versant experimental." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20021.
Full textNitrogen pollution in agriculture is studied in the scope of an hydrological basin (330 ha, gers, france) which is caracterized by an intensive agriculture and very diversified heavy molassic soils. A localized database (physical-geographic and agronomic parameters) and a custom software developped in the scope of geographic information systems handling the database are created. On this bases, a geostatistic method generates representative areas where pedological prospection takes place. Besides the caracterization of the principal soil facets, variography optimizes distances between soil sampling points and pedological observations are extrapolated to the whole basin. The study about nitrogen dynamics is taken up at three scale: at the scale of the entire basin, at the scale of elementary basins (comparative analysis) and finally at the scale of sensitive areas where measurement series by porous ceramic cups confirm the supposition achieved from the comparative analysis of the elementary basins that the level of nitrogen pollution is related to the agronomic or landscape features. High risk areas are identified and a package of simple localized antipollution measures are suggested and in part applied
Kanouni, Hassani Rams, and Hassani Rams Kanouni. "Impact de l'incertitude sur la gestion de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles : une analyse en temps continu par la programmation dynamique et les options réelles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18709.
Full textCette thèse utilise la mathématique et la théorie de l'économie financière pour étudier la gestion de la pollution, la valeur d'une centrale électrique thermique et le prix d'une ressource naturelle non renouvelable. Elle est composée de trois essais. Le premier essai analyse la décision d'investir afin de réduire les émissions d'un polluant de type stock sous deux types d'incertitude : économique (ce qui rend les émissions stochastiques car elles sont une conséquence de l’activité économique) et environnementale (ce qui affecte directement le stock de polluant). La littérature économique récente semble indiquer qu'en présence d'incertitude et de coûts irréversibles, l'action d’investir devrait être retardée. Nous utilisons des concepts de la théorie des options réelles et formulons ce problème de planificateur central comme un problème d'arrêt optimal en temps continu. Nous dérivons la règle d'arrêt correspondante et montrons que lorsque l'incertitude environnementale ou économique est suffisamment élevée, il est optimal d'investir immédiatement pour réduire les émissions. Ces résultats ont des implications sur la gestion des stocks de polluant stock, notamment pour la gestion des gaz à effet de serre. Le second essai s’appuie sur la théorie des options réelles pour évaluer la valeur d’une centrale électrique dans un marché déréglementé. Ce travail est motivé par la vague de déréglementation qui a sévi récemment dans le secteur de l'électricité. La littérature existante cherche plutôt à trouver la valeur d'option de vente d'une certaine quantité d'électricité à un moment donné dans le futur ou modélise la décision d'opérer une centrale électrique par simulation. Notre formulation considère qu'une usine de production d'électricité peut être dans deux états (à l'arrêt ou en fonctionnement); dans chaque état, la firme possède une option « call américaine » sur l'autre état et le passage d'un état à l'autre est coûteux. Nous supposons que le « spark spread » suit un processus de retour à la moyenne avec changements de régime et nous utilisons des données du marché californien pour notre application empirique. Nous montrons qu'avec la prise en compte des coûts de suspension et de génération d'électricité, il y a un effet d'hystérésis: les seuils de spark spread pour les décisions de produire et d'arrêter la production diffèrent. Nous utilisons ensuite ces règles de fonctionnement à court terme dans une méthodologie basée sur des simulations Monte Carlo pour estimer la valeur de la centrale. Le troisième essai rend plus générale la formulation du modèle de Gaudet et Khadr (1991) en considérant une fonction d'utilité non espérée afin de dériver une généralisation de la règle d'Hotelling. Alors que dans le cadre de l'utilité espérée la différence entre le taux de rendement espéré de l'actif risqué (la ressource non renouvelable) et celui d'un actif certain égale une prime de risque qui ne dépend que du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque et de la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de l'actif risqué, cela n'est plus vrai avec notre fonction d'utilité plus générale. Nous montrons que la prime de risque dépend alors aussi de l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle (qui n'est plus nécessairement égale à l'inverse du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque), de l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte et de l'incertitude de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. La prise en compte de ces paramètres additionnels peut avoir des conséquences importantes. Supposons en effet que l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle soit suffisamment élevée et que l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte soit suffisamment faible relativement à celle de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. Alors, même si le consommateur est riscophobe et si la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de la ressource non renouvelable est positive, il est possible que le consommateur exige une prime pour détenir l'actif risqué. Le taux de rendement espéré de ce dernier est inférieur au taux de rendement certain. Ce résultat est bien entendu exclu dans le cas de l'utilité espérée.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Hédouin, Laetitia. "Caractérisation d'espèces bioindicatrices pour la surveillance des activités minières et la gestion de l'environnement en milieu récifal et lagonaire : application au lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS161.
Full textMining activities constitute the major economic resource of New Caledonia. This doctoral research was realized in order to develop a programme for biomonitoring mining contamination in the New Caledonia coastal waters using marine organisms as “bioindicators”: the brown alga Lobophora variegata, the oysters Malleus regula and Isognomon isognomon and the clam Gafrarium tumidum. In this context, the bioindicative value of these four organisms for Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn has been investigated through both laboratory and field experiments. Laboratory investigations of the bioaccumulation behaviour of the four organisms using radiotracer techniques demonstrated their high bioaccumulation and retention capacities for the contaminants tested. Moreover, the organisms respond to the most relevant criteria of a bioindicator species: the contaminant concentrations in organisms actually reflect those occurring in the environment. Field experiments showed that the analysis of contaminant concentrations in resident populations of clams, oysters and algae allowed discriminating sites according to their degree of contamination. In addition, transplantations of organisms between clean and contaminated sites indicated that the species displayed efficient bioaccumulation capacities for the contaminants in situ, and consequently, they can be used to monitor sites where the species were not naturally present. Overall, it is concluded that L. Variegata, G. Tumidum and I. Isognomon are efficient and reliable bioindicator species that may be used for active and passive biomonitoring of mining contamination in the lagoon of New Caledonia
Diagne, Youssou. "Ajustement structurel, systèmes de production et filières rizicoles : cas du Delta du fleuve Sénégal." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE013.
Full textThis research program assesses the agricultural structural adjustement program (pasa) implementation impacts (micro and macroeconomic) of the Senegal river delta production systems. The adopted methodology is based on elaborating the typology of the delta's production systems. On this basis, the systems functioning has been studied from comprehensive monographs. This microeconomic analysis has been completed with a modeling program which simulated the system's functioning before and after the implementation measures which are either directly (liberalisation) or indirectly (devaluation) linked to the PASA
Charlier-Kerbiguet, Muriel. "Vague d'experts en mer d'Iroise : logiques d'action, communauté de métier, mobilisation et production scientifiques des acteurs de l'environnement." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS022S.
Full textBy the observation of the sociological analysis of a process of construction of a protected marine space, research presented here make it possible to objectify the logics of action developed by the scientific community mobilized by the project. The scientific actors take part indeed in working of the territory for several reasons. After having recalled the historic bonds binding the scientific community and the nature conservancy in Brittany, we define the scientific actors implied in as well "as experts-militants of the natural environment". We regard the device of construction of the national park of Iroise as the place where institutional logics of action and territorial logics of action meet. We insist on the role of the scientific actors, through the groupings which they constitute, but especially via the intermediate objects that they produce. From the historical reconstitution of the process and social identification of the implied scientists, we deduce several forms of expertises, comparison with various stakes related to the investment
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Full textMétivier, Virginie. "Méthode d'application d'un système de management de l'environnement, de la sécurité et de la santé : cas du site industriel de production pharmaceutique Abbott." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE1045.
Full textThe purpose of this report is to promote the implementation of a general method in respect of the environmental, safety and management systems for the pharmaceutical industry and more specifically for the industrial site for the Abbott laboratory. After giving an outline of the already existing environment, safety and hygiene management systems, we would develop the method and tools chosen to implement the management system for the Abbott site. Based on numerous examples we would also evaluate the results achieved by the new system. Eventually, we would analyse all sociological constraints and limits that held back the implementation of this environment, safety and hygiene management system that was chosen for the industrial site
Briec, Louise. "La place de l'environnement dans l'économie : une analyse régulationniste du cas du Brésil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12010.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the place of the environment in a national socio-economic system, the Brazilian one. The first part of the thesis is theoretical. We show that, contrary to the orthodox environmental economics and to the ecological economics, an extended regulationnist approach may offer an original perspective for questioning environmental issues that takes the historical and social context of nature into account, by adding to the standard regulationnist framework a sixth institutional form dedicated to the environment: the Social Relationship with Nature (SRN). The second part of the thesis is empirical. Through this extended regulationnist analytical framework, we first develop an historical analysis of the successive accumulation regimes in Brazil from 1930 to 2013 through the joint study of the six institutional forms. We also develop an analysis of the contemporary institutionalization process of the SRN in the state of Pará (North Amazon) by realizing a case study of the forest management practices. Our results are threefold. First, they show the utility of an extended regulationnist analytical framework for studying environmental issues. Second, they highlight the place of the environment in Brazil through the institutional complementarity that is established between the six institutional forms within the accumulation regimes. Third, they indicate that some factors impede the actualization of environmental rules in the state of Pará
Déverin, Yveline. "Le corps de la terre : Moose de la région de Ouagadougou : représentations et gestion de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010652.
Full textThis doctor's thesis principally uses the methods of ethnoscience. The social and human sciences (philosophy, ethnology, anthropology and sociology), when based on ethnolinguistics and applied from a geographical perspective, help us understand the relations between people and their environment. The mossi see the world as being in their likeness and at their service. The world comprises not only "nature" but also space and time, which are defined and measured with regard to mankind. This anthropomorphic and anthropocentric conception enables the geographer to understand certain practices having to do with the management of the environment. It also helps him explain the way the mossi are seen by their non-mossi neighbors. This geographical approach sheds light on the homogeneity and coherence of an original way of thinking that structurally unites the conception of mankind and the conception of the world. In fact, it unites them so closely that image cannot be distinguished from object. In ougadougou but also in rural areas, major changes are occurring in the values governing behaviors. Tradition is adapting to these new exigencies. However the mossi logic is still functional, because it is tied to fundamental representations of the bonds that unite people both among themselves and to their environment. This dualism helps explain several reactions: what is a priori. .
Cazes-Duvat, Virginie. "Les littoraux des îles Seychelles (Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, Desroches) : de l'étude des processus dynamiques à la gestion des côtes sédimentaires." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_10_Cazes-Duvat.pdf.
Full textThis is a study of the coastal dynamics of four islands of the Seychelles archipelago, both mountainous (Mahe, Praslin, La Digue, granitic group) and coralline (Desroches, amirantes group). The aim of the first part of this work is to improve the understanding of the coastal processes including the impact of man. History of coasts and management are often referred to because they help understanding the present situation. On another hand, this study is practical; it was made at the scale of coastal sites so as to propose management tools. The cultural and political facts are taken into account at national and supranational levels. A method of beach rating and an assessment of the sensibility of coastal sites are proposed in order to contribute to the policy of sustainable development of the republic of Seychelles. They must be used for preventive and integrated coastal management and they can be applied to the coasts of other tropical islands
Zhang, Mingqian. "Assessing strategies for reducing carbon emissions associated with wood products transportation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27746.
Full textWith the ratification of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction agreements by Canada, various levels of government implemented policies to reduce transport-related and other industrial emissions. Since 2013, Québec, together with California and Ontario, has established a carbon market to encourage firms to reduce their emissions. The forest industry could benefit from this scheme in terms of improving efficiency and lessening the environmental impact of wood product transport. This study aims to assess the potential of carbon emission reduction strategies and to provide recommendations on improving the logistics of transporting wood-based materials. There are four main strategies considered in this paper; namely low-speed driving, eco-driving, intermodal transportation, and optimizing loading pattern. By combining these strategies, optimization models are developed with the objective of cost minimization under the constraints of emissions. These models involve the distribution planning of supply chain management and routing problems. Microsoft Excel, OpenSolver, Gurobi, and LocalSolver are mainly used for modeling and optimization. Pareto Front is also used to illustrate the relationship between transportation cost and carbon emission. To demonstrate the methodologies, a case study is exhibited using real world data. It is found that eco-driving has considerable potential in reducing emissions under a feasible range of price increases. The selection of strategies is based on the decision makers’ preferences and the difficulty of strategy implementation.
Tayo, Tene Christian Valery. "Impacts d'ISO 14001 sur la preformance organisationnelle : une revue systématique de la littérature." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25723.
Full textDespite the rapid growth of studies on ISO 14001 and the number of certified organizations in the world, the impacts of environmental management system remain controversial. The goal of the study is to provide a systematic review of empirical research available on the impact of ISO 14001 published between 1996 and 2013. The results show that several studies focus more on the potential benefits and positive impacts and less emphasis on the problems and negative aspects. In addition, similarities in the objectives, approaches and methods tend to produce predictable and optimistic results. This study highlights the need to adopt more critical and diverse approaches that challenge the dominant and optimistic discourse about the impact of this standard. This work also highlights the practical implications of the impacts of ISO 14001 for leaders and management professionals. Key words: ISO 14001, certification, Impacts, Organizational efficiency, Systematic review, Environment Management System.
Vaucelle, Sandrine. "La gestion de l'eau facturée à Bordeaux et en Gironde : production, consommation et épuration d'un bien disputé." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30073.
Full textThe public service of invoiced water (drinkable water supply and purification) meets the demand of the consumers who want to be able to get high quality water continuously and profusely. A technical system was gradually organised in Bordeaux from the second half of the 19th century. First a water supply network was built. Later the town had to install a draining system and then a purification system for the urban effluents that kept increasing as new European sanitary conditions were voted. Invoiced water is now nearly exclusively managed by the state organisation for water supply. A lot of contracts are signed between la Lyonnaise des Eaux and towns or public companies common to several towns (EPCI). La Lyonnaise des Eaux has been established in the suburbs of Bordeaux since 1906. A hundred years later, as the leading operator in the area (département), the firm sells water to a million people in the Gironde (three inhabitants out of four, a town out of two). However this public- private partnership lead to a few excessive situations. From 1990 consumers as well as the 'Chambre Régionale des Comptes' started taking issue over the soaring prices and urged public authorities to have a better control over their proxies and to renegotiate some signed contracts. There is also an environmental issue concerning ground waters that are too much used and are likely to be 'salinized'. That's why a joint management , gathering all the users of this resource, is being organised in Bordeaux according to a development and management plan (SAGE), imposing limits to public supply
Barouch, Gilles. "La décision au fil de l'eau : systèmes de pensée et d'action à l'œuvre dans la gestion des milieux naturels en France." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987pa090074.
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