Journal articles: 'Production of concrete blocks'

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Afonso, Mayara, Reginaldo Ferreira, Lubienska Cristina L. J. Ribeiro, Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz, Luísa Andréia Gachet-Barbosa, and Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires. "Building Blocks Production with Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.860.

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The conventional water treatment generates a residue - sludge - which must be properly disposed. There are many ways residue disposal, with for example, landfilling, incineration and reuse of sludge in construction. A advantage of the use of sludge in construction is the decreased consumption of cement and aggregates reduction of environmental impact, considering that the extraction of materials such as sand and gravel. Several studies have been developed using sludge in exchange for raw materials used in proportions that do not alter the properties of concrete. This study evaluates the incorporation of sludge in concrete used to manufacture concrete blocks. Were studied three compositions for the manufacture of concrete blocks such as: Trace 1 (reference),dash 2: by replacing 10% of the mass of cement by the dry sludge and dash 3: by replacing 20% of the mass of cement by the dry sludge. The results indicate that for traces 1, 2 and 3, the blocks are classified with a structural function, for use in masonry elements above ground level, according to the Brazilian standard.

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da Silva, Fabiane Leocádia, Fernando Gabriel da Silva Araújo, Camila Gonçalves Castro, and Fernando Leopoldo von Krüger. "Results of the Leaching, Water Absorption and Mold Release for Concrete Blocks with the Addition of the Concentration Tailings of Iron Ore." Materials Science Forum 820 (June 2015): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.549.

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Tailings from the concentration of iron ore can be substituted in part for the production of concrete blocks due to the ability of encapsulation or enveloping the concrete. Many tests were conducted to recycle Concentration Tailings of Iron Ore for the Production of Concrete Block, replacing the silica sand. The Concentration Tailings of Iron Ore showed to be viable materials for the replacement of coarse and fine aggregate concrete blocks (pavers), with regard to mechanical strength after 28 days cure. Specifically, the simple substitution of hail for coarse tailings concentration of iron ore has the potential to increase the compression resistance of the concrete blocks. It was also verified that the addition of fine tailings with magnetic concentration may complicate demolding.The water absorption of the concrete block was obtained in accordance with the standards, and some blocks were within the required standards. And through the leaching test was observed that the addition of the tailings concrete blocks poses no risk to the environment when exposed to weather.

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Nasser, I. F., W. I. Khalil, and WA Abbas. "Production of Lightweight Geometries Geopolymer Concrete Blocks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 745 (March 21, 2020): 012139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/745/1/012139.

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Petrillo, Antonella, Raffaele Cioffi, Claudio Ferone, Francesco Colangelo, and Claudia Borrelli. "Eco-sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Blocks Production Process." Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 8 (2016): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.037.

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Pirogov, Yu A., L. A. Babkina, L. N. Nikulina, V. I. Neelova, E. I. Bulatnikov, and V. N. Devyatko. "Corundum concrete for production of burner blocks." Refractories 30, no. 7-8 (July 1989): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01280674.

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Hunyak, Oleksii, Khrystyna Sobol, Taras Markiv, and Volodymyr Bidos. "The effect of natural pozzolans on properties of vibropressed interlocking concrete blocks in different curing conditions." Production Engineering Archives 22, no. 22 (March 1, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.22.01.

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Abstract Concrete block pavements have become an attractive engineering and economical alternative to both flexible and rigid pavements because of it’s high strength and durability. The influence of pozzolanic mineral additions – natural zeolite and expanded perlite powder on the properties of concrete interlocking blocks in different curing conditions has been studied. The use of zeolite as a substitute for cement in the production of concrete blocks increased the water demand but decreased the water absorption of the blocks. Obtained results show, that concrete blocks with 10% substitution of cement with zeolitic tuff is characterized by higher strength, lower mass loss and absence of efflorescence.

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Silva Junior, Vasni Oliveira da, Victor Mateus Pavão, André Camacho Pontremolez, Bruno de Medeiros Costa, Gerson Cendes Saragosa, and Paulo Sérgio Bardella. "Estudo da produção de pavers para pisos intertravados utilizando resíduos de blocos de concreto." Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 42, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2021v42n1p21.

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This work presents part of a study whose main objective is to observe the behavior of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials (raw material) and of products made for the civil construction from the precast concrete industry, such as concrete blocks and pavers for interlocking floors. Through the investigation, was identified the potential of using the concrete blocks waste of the production as aggregates added to the concretes utilized to produce pavers. Thus, it is expected that this work contributes as a basis for obtaining scientific and technical knowledge regarding the materials and procedures that must be adopted for the manufacture of pavers, allowing their production for commercialization.

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Tataranni, Piergiorgio. "Recycled Waste Powders for Alkali-Activated Paving Blocks for Urban Pavements: A Full Laboratory Characterization." Infrastructures 4, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4040073.

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Paving blocks are today a popular paving solution for urban surfaces. Considering the wide variety of products currently on the market, it is possible to build pavements that differ in terms of functionality, bearing capacity, skid resistance, visual impact, and aesthetic integration with the surrounding landscape. Interlocking concrete paving block is the most common construction technology considering its low cost and its easy installation. Different wastes and second-hand materials have recently been tested in order to completely or partially replace the raw materials used for the production of paving blocks. In this paper, a waste basalt powder is used for the production of alternative paving blocks through the alkali-activation process. Two different synthetic blocks were produced, with and without aggregates. Taking into account the EN 1338 standard for concrete paving blocks, a complete laboratory characterization is proposed for the two experimental blocks. Tests highlighted positive results and downsides that need to be optimized in order to convert the laboratory production to an industrial scale.

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Girskas, Giedrius, Džigita Nagrockienė, and Gintautas Skripkiūnas. "The effect of synthetic zeolite admixture on the durability of concrete paving blocks." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.25.

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Concrete paving blocks that were started to be used in the last century have become very popular. They became an alternative to the natural stone. Concrete paving blocks are used for the paving of pedestrian and vehicle zones. Durability is one of the main characteristics in the production of high-quality concrete paving blocks in the Baltic region climate zone. The article describes tests with concrete paving blocks, the top layer of which contains 5% of synthetic zeolite admixture obtained by means of low temperature synthesis in laboratory conditions. This zeolite admixture is obtained from aluminium fluoride production waste. The durability of concrete paving blocks was tested according to abrasion resistance, tensile splitting strength, absorption and frost resistance. The test results revealed that 5% of zeolite admixture added to the top layer of concrete paving blocks reduce the absorption, increase the tensile splitting strength by more than 10%, and decrease abrasion by 6.5%. The zeolite admixture used in concrete paving blocks reduces the scaling about 4 times after 28 freeze-thaw cycles when 3% NaCl is used as the freezing solution. The tests revealed that synthetic zeolite admixture can be used in concrete elements production by means of vibropressing (pavement elements) to increase their durability.

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Girskas, Giedrius. "Zeolite Influence of Vibropressing Concrete Durability." Materials Science Forum 908 (October 2017): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.908.71.

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Durability is one of the main characteristics in the production of high-quality concrete paving blocks in the Baltic region climate zone. Concrete paving blocks are produced by means of vi bropressing , dimensions: 198×98×80 mm . The article describes tests with concrete paving blocks, the top layer of which contains 5% of zeolite admixture obtained from waste of aluminum fluoride production by low-temperature synthesis. The durability of concrete paving blocks was tested according to abrasion resistance, tensile splitting strength, absorption and frost resistance. The test results revealed that 5% of zeolite admixture added to the top layer of concrete paving blocks reduce the absorption, increase the tensile splitting strength and decrease abrasion. The zeolite admixture used in concrete paving blocks reduces the scaling about 4 times after 28 freeze-thaw cycles when 3% NaCl is used as the freezing solution. The test results proved that synthetic zeolite obtained from aluminum fluoride by means of low temperature synthesis can be used as a supplementary cementitious material to increase the durability of concrete pavement elements.

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Sun, Yan Qiong, Yu Liu, and Su Ping Cui. "CO₂ Emission Analysis of Light Aggregate Concrete Block in China." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1963.

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The development and application of light aggregate concrete blocks are considered as one of the key issue that promote the energy saving and emission reduction in construction and building materials industries. In this paper, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of light aggregate concrete blocks during the whole life cycle were analyzed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results demonstrated that the amount of GHG emissions of the light aggregate concrete block was 174 kg/m3 in the system boundary of ‘from cradle to gate’. The direct GHG emissions was 51.31 kg/m3 accounting for 28.46% of the aggregate emission, while the indirect GHG emissions was 124 kg/m3. The cement production and the concrete block production were the main contributors to the total emissions. According to the sensitivity analysis, the GHG emissions amount was quite sensitive to the amount of cement and ceramsite consumption.

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Camargo, Marília Martinês de, Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz, Luisa Andréia Gachet-Barbosa, and Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires. "Production of Concrete Blocks with Residues for Civil Construction." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.865.

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The Construction is recognized as one of the most important activities for the economic and social development, and on the other hand, behaves also as a major generator of environmental impacts, either by consumption of natural resources, the modification of the landscape or the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW). Investing in an implementation of managed clean and healthy in the area of CDW is essential for the environment and for the economy of the cities, who are spending less resources on the collection, cleaning of drains and treatment of diseases. Nowadays, the amount of waste generated is considered large, occupying much space in landfills, and its transportation, depending on the volume and weight, is quite expensive. Recycling and reuse of these wastes are extremely important to control and mitigate environmental problems, as well as produce various materials value-added. Over 90% of waste can be recycled, reused and transformed into aggregates with characteristics very similar to the original product, thus creating environmentally friendly products such as sand, gravel, pebbles. This research concerns the study of the properties of concrete containing CDW, aiming its use in the manufacture of concrete blocks to seal without structural function. Blocks have been molded with partial replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates and later were performed tests of compressive strength in accordance with the standards to prove the technical feasibility of the material for the trait studied.

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DAVIDYUK, A. A., E. S. FISKIND, O. A. GUSAR, and V. V. BALAKIREVA. "Advantages in Production and Application of Cellular Concrete Blocks." Stroitel'nye Materialy 766, no. 12 (2018): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2018-766-12-41-43.

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de Korte, A. C. J., and H. J. H. Brouwers. "Production of non-constructive concrete blocks using contaminated soil." Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 12 (December 2009): 3564–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.022.

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DA SILVA, Deoclécio Junior Cardoso, Nattan Roberto CAETANO, Antonio Vanderlei DOS SANTOS, Leoni Pentiado GODOY, and Marcos Antônio KLUNK. "REUSE RESIDUAL SAND CASTING FOR PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE BLOCKS." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 28, no. 29 (December 20, 2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v28.n29.2020.07_dasilva_pgs_55_65.pdf.

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The ore beneficiation process uses little technology, but mining companies have high economic performance. As an energy source, firewood plays a fundamental role due to its simple storage, low cost, great availability of forests, and lack of processing. Thus, the present work aims to analyze the consumption of firewood as fuel and possible improvements in the process for the production of lime in terms of harnessing raw materials and costs. Calcium oxide is obtained from the thermal decomposition of calcium and magnesium carbonates obtained from dolomitic deposits of limestone (CaCO3 : CaMgCO3). After CaO extraction, it is subjected to a calcination process, removing carbon dioxide (CO2) in ovens that work at temperatures between 900 and 1200°C. The source of energy applied to the calcination furnaces in the analyzed area is wood. The wood has a calorific value between 2,250 and 2,700 Kcal/Kg, but the moisture content responsible for the thermal variation must be considered. The firewood burning process was carried out in a ravine type oven where the temperature at which operators are exposed to heat was evaluated. The results indicated that the cooking time dropped by 20% as the amount of wood is fed into the oven. This increase represents a significant gain in lime production, thus leading to a higher profit for the company.

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Britez, C., J. Gadea, M. Carvalho, and P. Helene. "Hormigón y Hormigonado de Cimentación con Hormigón Autocompactante y de Elevadas Prestaciones (70 MPa)." Revista ALCONPAT 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v6i1.113.

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Hormigón y Hormigonado de Cimentación con Hormigón Autocompactante y de Elevadas Prestaciones (70 MPa)RESUMENEl Edificio Comercial Brookfield Century Plaza, localizado en Alphaville, São Paulo, Brasil, fue diseñado para ser sostenido por dos grandes bloques de hormigón. Un hormigón de alta resistencia (70 MPa) y SCC auto compactante fue desarrollado para estos dos bloques masivos de fundación (cada un mide 28.4mx 18.6m por 4.5m de altura). Un modelo numérico utilizando un software FEM fue desarrollado para predecir la ganancia térmica de hidratación de diferentes capas de hormigonado con el fin de establecer el procedimiento más adecuado para cumplir con los requisitos de tiempo y de la construcción, sin que aparezcan fisuras. Fueron establecidos y supervisados procedimientos para controlar la producción de concreto en la empresa productora de concretos y aplicarlo en el sitio de construcción. Finalmente, la temperatura interna del concreto se registró para permitir una mejor calibración del modelo.Palabras clave: concreto de alta resistencia, concreto autocompactante, concreto masivo, producción de concreto refrigerado. Material and Casting Methodology for SCC and HPC (70 MPa) Concrete Foundation BlocksABSTRACTThe Brookfield Century Plaza Commercial Building, located in Alphaville District, in São Paulo, Brazil, was designed to be supported by two direct foundation concrete blocks. A high strength (70 MPa), self-compacting concrete SCC was developed for these two massive foundation blocks (each one measures 28.4m x 18.6m by 4.5m, high). A numerical model by employing a FEM software was developed to predict the thermal hydration gain of different casting procedures, in order to establish the most appropriate one to meet the construction and schedule requirements without cracks. Directions to control concrete production at mixing plant and placing at construction site were established as well as supervised. Finally, internal concrete temperatures were recorded to enable a better model calibration.Keywords: High strength concrete, self-compacting concrete, concrete modeling, refrigerated concrete production. Concreto e Concretagem de Blocos de Fundação em Concreto Autoadensável e de Alta Resistência (70 MPa)RESUMOO Edifício Comercial Brookfield Century Plaza, localizado em Alphaville, São Paulo, Brasil, foi projetado para ser apoiado em dois grandes blocos de concreto. Um concreto de alta resistência (70 MPa) e SCC auto adensável foi desenvolvido para estes dois blocos maciços de fundação (cada um medindo 28.4m x 18.6m por 4.5m de altura). Um modelo numérico empregando um software FEM foi desenvolvido para prever o ganho de hidratação térmica de diferentes camadas de concretagem, a fim de estabelecer o procedimento mais adequado para cumprir o cronograma e os requisitos de construção, sem fissurar. Diretrizes para controlar a produção do concreto na empresa de serviços de concretagem e procedimentos de como aplicá-lo no canteiro de obras foram estabelecidas e supervisionadas. Finalmente, as temperaturas internas do concreto foram registradas para permitir uma melhor calibração do modelo.Palavras-chave: Concreto de alta resistência, concreto auto adensável, modelagem de concreto massa, produção de concreto refrigerado.

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Lesovik, V., M. Elistratkin, and A. Sal'nikova. "HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE FOR LEGO-BLOCKS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-5-8-18.

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Lego technology is one of the modern construction solutions providing cost reduction, increasing architectural expressiveness and the pace of work. This is the development of groove-ridge positioning systems and connection of small-piece wall elements. Currently, the technology of Lego blocks is implemented on various types of building materials: ceramic and hyper-pressed non-fired bricks, blocks from various types of lightweight concrete, which have not found wide practical application due to an obvious shift in the balance of properties either towards aesthetics – brick, or thermal insulation - blocks. In this regard, a technology for producing multi-hollow thin-walled lego blocks based on self-compacting high-strength fine-grained concrete with various types of high-porous filling is proposed. In this paper, the compositions of high-strength concrete mixes for the manufacture of lego block frames are proposed. The main emphasis in the development is made on improving the manufacturability of their production and the maximum efficiency of using the clinker component. Overcoming the multicomponent problem is achieved by replacing traditional cement with a special all-in-one composite binder. Due to the unacceptability of traditional methods of dispersed reinforcement for producing thin-walled products from self-compacting fine-grained mixtures, it is proposed to carry out dispersed micro-reinforcement at the level of cement stone, for which a technology is developed and the optimal parameters of dispersion of glass and basalt fiber are determined. Thanks to this approach, reinforcing fibers are included in the composition of the composite binder itself, which ensures maximum manufacturability and an increase in compressive strength up to 20...25 %.

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Abuserriya, A. Abdelrahman, B. Bashir H. Osman, and C. Salma Y. Mahmoud. "Reusing of Construction Debris in Plain Concrete Elements." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i3.700.

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Construction is a serious environmental problem and a challenge for people who concerned with sustainability in the construction field. Previous studies showed positive results for the use of recycled aggregates in the concrete production. This study portrays the results for utilizing construction debris for casting different types of concrete blocks. The recycled concrete debris was used in different ratios (0%, 50%, and 100%) in replacement for natural coarse aggregates for different targeted compressive strength (B250, B300, B350 and B400). Two types of water (pure and sea water) were used for curing the blocks. In addition, hollow block and paving block were casted with different ratios of recycled aggregate (0%, 20%, 45% and 100%) and cured with two types of water. The results showed a decrease in compressive strength with the increase recycled aggregate content. It was also noticed that the absorption capacity increases with high recycled aggregate content.

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de Almeida, Marconi Oliveira, Jose Getulio Gomes de Sousa, and Lucas C. Lima. "Use of Compactation Tests for Defining Process Mixtures Parameters to Concrete Blocks." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.375.

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In recent years, Brazil has been going through a period of economic growth and is now facing the acceleration of this development, the presence of engineering in all its areas, becomes crucial to sustain this condition. A primary form of this chain, the use of conforming materials, joins an entire production process which should result in works that have as their main focus the minimum quality of the finished product. For this reason, definition and understanding of aspects such as mixture and all parameters involved in the production of materials becomes critical. For concrete block, there is a series of steps that will culminate in a final product quality, always appropriate to the project while respecting normative aspects. Within these stages of production of concrete blocks, using the method of lower volume of voids, this paper will explore the definition of the best mixes of aggregate/coarse and the definition of the moisture content of the mixture and the correlation of compacted test specimens, with blocks produced using specific standards for soil cement NBR 12023/92 [ and 12024/92 [. In this study we observed that there is a correlation of 95.30% compressive strength of the compact tests specimens with the concrete blocks producing in vibro press. This correlation allows us to design a dosing process using a previous best volume of material due to the smaller size of CPs, streamlining and minimizing the costs of the definition of dosing parameters. In relation to the moisture content, it was noted that the value set in the compaction test must be adjusted when the blocks are made in the press, since energy of compaction is larger in that case. Thus for the production of the blocks, humidity value was 10.71% less than that defined by the compaction test.

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Tonetti, Adriano Luiz, Natalia Cangussu Duarte, Mariana Rodrigues Ribeiro dos Santos, and Gustavo Henrique Siqueira. "Environmentally friendly interlocking concrete paver blocks produced with treated wastewater." Water Supply 19, no. 7 (May 24, 2019): 2028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.078.

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Abstract This study aimed at supporting processes and techniques for minimization of water consumption in the production of concrete. For this purpose, the use of treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in interlocking concrete paver block (ICPB) production was evaluated. The treated wastewater was added in various dosages (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to the water used to produce cylindrical concrete samples. These samples were evaluated for compressive strength and water absorption tests. After these evaluations, the dosage of 100% treated wastewater for concrete production was established and ICPB were produced with this water composition. Subsequently, an area in a parking lot was replaced by ICPB produced with treated wastewater, and an equal area was replaced by ICPB produced with potable water. A comparison between parameters obtained for cylindrical samples and ICPB samples prepared with treated wastewater and those prepared with potable water indicated that wastewater reuse would be a good alternative for potable water consumption reduction in the concrete industry.

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Pratiwi, Sri Novianthi. "ANALISIS ENERGI PADA BERBAGAI MATERIAL DINDING (BATA, BATAKO DAN BATA RINGAN)." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 4, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v4i3.543.

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In building design, the selection of building materials is one aspect that needs to be considered. Building materials are components that require energy in the manufacturing process. In the process of building material production, the use of energy at each stage becomes one of the parameters of CO2 carbon emission levels. The higher the use of fossil energy, the higher the CO2 emissions and the risk of causing global warming. Bricks, concrete blocks, and lightweight bricks are the types of materials commonly used to make building walls. The selection of wall materials is still largely related to price or aesthetic considerations, but the assessment of the level of environmental friendliness is still lacking in attention. This study tries to analyse the life cycle of energy in wall materials (bricks, concrete blocks and lightweight bricks). From the research results obtained, concrete block is the lowest material in the use of production energy.

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Sun, Yan Qiong, Yu Liu, and Su Ping Cui. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Autoclaved Concrete Blocks and Fired Blocks in China." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1018.

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In this paper, a variety of blocks were grouped into the autoclaved blocks and fired blocks as far as the productive technology is concerned. In order to compare the life cycle impacts of the two kinds of the blocks, a life cycle assessment of two products on the functional unit 1m3 was carried out through the exploitation of mineral stage, transportation stage and the production of the blocks stage on the considering of the resource and energy consumption and the pollutant discharges. The results demonstrated that the fired blocks appeared to have less impact than autoclaved concrete blocks on human health, marine ecotoxicity toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity toxicity nearly 30%. The raw coal led to the serious impacts on the fossil depletion through the cement production stage of the autoclaved concrete blocks accounting for 45.86% and the gangue exploitation stage of the fired blocks accounting for 42.5%. Assessment of the data quality that the data was of pretty high or within the permission. The sensitivity analysis and contribution analysis assessment showed that the conclusion were robust.

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Zimele, Zinta, Maris Sinka, Aleksandrs Korjakins, Diana Bajare, and Genadijs Sahmenko. "Life Cycle Assessment of Foam Concrete Production in Latvia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0080.

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Abstract Global warming being increasingly discussed, solutions for reducing emission greenhouse gases become more important in all industry sectors. The total energy consumed in the construction sector contribute up to 1/3 from all greenhouse gases emissions. Large part of it comes from the cement production – 5 % of the total global emissions. The foam concrete is lightweight concrete with good thermal properties and ability to reduce CO2 emissions by reducing the use of cement due to its low density. The aim of this study is to determine impact on the environment with the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with focus on Global Warming Potential (GWP) for two different compressive strength foam concrete mixtures produced in Latvia by unique intensive mixing technology – turbulence with cavitation effect. Afterwards, the selected foam concrete mixtures are compared with alternative materials with similar compressive strength – aerated concrete and hollow ceramic blocks. The foam concrete mixture having 12.5 MPa compressive strength showed higher CO2 emissions than hallow ceramic block. The majority of CO2 emissions comes from the Portland cement, which is a key element in its composition. On the other hand, the foam concrete mixture having 2.4 MPa compressive strength showed higher CO2 emissions than aerated concrete block. The majority of CO2 emissions are due to foam glass granules, which is the main element contributing to the increased insulation properties of the material. Comparison of each foam concrete with analogue building material by compressive strength shows that the chosen foam concrete mixtures produce greater GWP than alternative materials. This research allows to identify the environmental impacts of different foam concrete mixture components and to improve these mixtures to achieve similar properties with less impact, for example, by replacing foam glass granules with granules made from recycled glass or replacing cement with flay ash, silica fume or recycled glass powder.

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Robayo-Salazar, Rafael A., William Valencia-Saavedra, Sandra Ramírez-Benavides, Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez, and Armando Orobio. "Eco-House Prototype Constructed with Alkali-Activated Blocks: Material Production, Characterization, Design, Construction, and Environmental Impact." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051275.

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The interest of the construction industry in alkali-activated materials has increased to the extent that these materials are recognized as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement-based materials in the quest for sustainable construction. This article presents the design and construction of a prototype of an eco-friendly house built from concrete blocks produced using alkali activation technology or geopolymerization. The prototype meets the requirements of the current Colombian Regulations for Earthquake Resistant Buildings (NSR-10) and includes standards related to the performance of the materials, design, and construction method for earthquake-resistant confined masonry of one- or two-story buildings. The alkali-activated blocks were obtained from different precursors (aluminosilicates), including a natural volcanic pozzolan, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, construction and demolition waste (concrete, ceramic, brick, and mortar), and red clay brick waste. The physical-mechanical characterization of the alkali-activated blocks allowed their classification according to the structural specifications of the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 4026 (equivalent to ASTM C90). The global warming potential (GWP) or “carbon footprint” attributed to the raw materials of alkali-activated blocks was lower (25.4–54.7%) than that of the reference blocks (ordinary Portland cement concrete blocks). These results demonstrate the potential of alkali-activated materials for application in the construction of eco-friendly houses.

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Oliveira, João Paulo Gama de, Luana Celeste Silva, Fernando A. da S. Fernandes, and Lidiane Andrade Fonseca da Paz. "Reuso da água da chuva na produção de blocos de concreto não estrutural." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117019272.

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Water is essential in all spheres of human life. Among them the construction. Not considered as a building material, water is consumed on a large scale in construction sites, concrete producers and the production of concrete blocks. Clever use and sustainable alternatives reduce consumption and combine progress and cleaner production. The reuse of rainwater proved to be an effective and profitable solution to a factory of non-structural concrete blocks in the city of Palmas in Tocantins state. The water collected and stored for this purpose was subjected to studies that first stage showed the presence of foreign bodies. These irregularities detected through screens and filters to eliminate foreign bodies and made water itself to manufacture. Studies have ensured water quality, capable of producing without interference blocks on their properties. The result was productive feasibility, cost reduction and sustainable production.

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Yuan, Weili, Anhong Bao, Xinlei Han, and Qiu Luo. "Optimization of the parameters for the molding process of small-size rice straw insulating blocks via response surface methodology." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 2756–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2756-2773.

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Rice straw, which is considered an excellent insulation material, can be filled into the hollows of concrete block after being pressed, thereby improving the thermal performance of the concrete block. This new type of straw-concrete composite block will have good mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, to explore the feasibility of this new type of block, the response surface method was introduced. The goal was to find the effects of processing parameters on the forming quality of straw blocks. The quadratic regression model was established, and the processing parameters were optimized. It was found that the forming density, vertical pressure, pressure-holding time, and the interaction between the forming density and pressure-holding time had significant effects on the forming quality of the straw blocks. The optimal conditions obtained by RSM optimization were a forming density, a vertical pressure, and a pressure-holding time of 319.7 kg/m2, 2.5 kN, 33.68 s, respectively. Under these conditions, the volumetric contractivity of straw blocks was 11.17%, the horizontal failure strength was 21.74 kPa, and the natural moisture content was 16.37%. The parameters calculated via the prediction model were highly consistent with the results produced via the actual measurements, which showed that the prediction model was reliable and potentially useful in guiding industrial production.

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Sousa, J. G. G., E. Bauer, and R. M. Sposto. "Empleo de residuos de la construcción civil como áridos reciclados. Producción de bloques de hormigón." Materiales de Construcción 53, no. 271-272 (December 30, 2003): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2003.v53.i271-272.289.

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Patil, Shabarish, Krishna Rathi, Md Osama Budihal, Ashwini Dhadekar, and Dixita Salecha. "Production of Cost Effective and High Strength Geopolymer Concrete Masonry Blocks." Volume 5, Issue 4 5, no. 4 (May 27, 2019): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29294/ijase.5.4.2019.1099-1105.

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Su, Hui, Dongyue Wu, Mengying Shen, Wei Chen, and Shilin Wang. "Development and Performance Test including Mechanical and Thermal of New Tenon Composite Block Masonry Walls." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (September 22, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5253946.

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To improve the thermal performance of external masonry walls, a new tenon composite block is proposed as the external maintenance component which contains the internal hollow concrete block part, the external block part, and the extruded polystyrene layer fixed by tenons. The production process and concrete material mixing ratio were optimized for the new tenon composite block to promote its application. The mechanical strength and thermal properties of the optimized tenon composite blocks were tested with experiments and numerical simulation in this study. The testing and simulation results indicated that after utilizing the two optimized concrete mixing ratios, the tenon composite block strength matched the strength requirements according to the related design code. The thermal performance of the tenon composite block wall was also good compared with that of a common block wall.

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Drozdzol, Krzysztof. "Thermal and Mechanical Studies of Perlite Concrete Casing for Chimneys in Residential Buildings." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082011.

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Chimneys are structures designed to convey exhaust gases from heating devices to the outside of buildings. The materials from which they are made have a great impact on their fire safety, as well as on the safety of the whole building. As current trends in the construction industry are moving towards improving the environmental impact and fire safety, changes to building materials are constantly being introduced. This also applies to the development of chimney technology, as there is still a recognised need for new solutions when it comes to materials used in the production of chimney systems. This article presents the findings of tests carried out on a chimney made from innovative perlite concrete blocks. Four different perlite concrete blocks that differed in bulk densities were analysed. The obtained results were then compared with widely used leca (lightweight expanded clay aggregate) concrete blocks. The test results confirmed high insulation properties of the perlite concrete block, from which the innovative chimney casing was made. The fire safety level was maintained even in high temperatures that occur during soot fire (1000 °C). These properties were retained despite there being no additional insulation of the flue duct. Even though the thermal load decreased the compressive strength of the chimney blocks, they still displayed sufficient average strength of 4.03 MPa. Additionally, the test results confirmed the possibility of recovering heat from the chimney with the efficiency of 23–30%, which constitutes a considerable increase compared to chimneys made from leca concrete blocks.

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Laurinavičius, Mindaugas, Mindaugas Daukšys, and Albertas Klovas. "INFLUENCE OF THE GRANITE SCREENINGS TO THE PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2012): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2012.729655.

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The research deals with the granite screenings as fine aggregate influence on the technological properties of concrete mixtures and on the physical and mechanical properties and durability of concrete paving. The following several compositions of concrete mixture for the production of environment arrangements are researched: fine aggregate using only 0/2 fraction sand (B1), 10% of 0/2 fraction sand replacing with 0/2 fraction granite screenings (B2) and using only granite screenings (B3). Concrete mixtures were prepared in the laboratory, and concrete paving blocks – in the factory. The technological properties of concrete mixtures and physical and mechanical properties of concrete paving blocks (made from the mentioned concrete mixtures) were determined; the durability of the products in the cycles of frost resistance was forecasted. The research results reveal that due to the properly selected ratio between sand and granite screenings in the fine aggregate, the characteristics of concrete paving blocks are better than using only sand as fine aggregate.

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Chulkov, Vitaliy, and Myhammet Fachratov. "Construction waste processing management and demolition of five-storey apartment blocks in Moscow." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305008.

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Data on waste processing management is presented in the article. Processing of scrap concrete waste, which is similar to traditional raw materials in composition and condition, is economically and ecologically feasible. The research suggests that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organizing waste-free production.

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Loganina, V. "RELIABILITY OF QUALITY CONTROL OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 12 (January 8, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-12-17-21.

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The article deals with the issues of reliability of quality control of building materials and products. The structural diagram of the reliability of control of building materials is presented as a combination of series-connected technological operations. The purpose of the work is to assess the regulatory security of quality control of the production of building materials and products. The block diagram of quality control of concrete blocks for basement walls is presented. On the example of concrete blocks for basement walls, an assessment of the normative provision of product quality indicators is given. It has been established that the quality assurance of concrete blocks for FBS basement walls if all production parameters and quality indicators meet the requirements of regulatory documents and the condition: the mathematical expectation is in the middle of the product tolerance field and ± 3σ in the tolerance field is 0.9576, and the probability the appearance of marriage - 4.238%. The influence of the spread of indicators on the quality assurance is considered. It is found that with an increase in the value of the standard deviation to a value that is within the tolerance range of ± 2.5σ, the quality assurance decreases and amounts to 0,8092, and the probability of the appearance of defects is 19.08 %. It is shown that the application of the Six Sigma methodology at the enterprise will contribute to improving the quality of products

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Koksal, Fuat, Osman Gencel, Yusa Sahin, and Osman Okur. "Recycling bottom ash in production of eco-friendly interlocking concrete paving blocks." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 985–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01186-8.

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Santos, C. R., R. M. C. Tubino, and I. A. H. Schneider. "Mineral processing and characterization of coal waste to be used as fine aggregates for concrete paving blocks." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 8, no. 1 (February 2015): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952015000100004.

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Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Due to the geological characteristics of the region, large amounts of solid wastes are generated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of coal waste to produce concrete paving blocks. A procedure to process the coal waste with the purpose of reducing the sulfur content and changing the particle size distribution of the material to meet the specification of fine aggregates was developed. The methodology considered the following steps: (a) sampling of a coal mining waste; (b) gravity separation of the fraction with specific gravity between 2.4 and 2.8; (c) comminution of the material and particle size analysis; (d) technological characterization of the material and production of concrete paving blocks; and (e) acidity generation prediction (environmental feasibility). The results showed that the coal waste considered in this work can be used to replace conventional sand as a fine aggregate for concrete paving blocks in a proportion of up to 50%. This practice can result in cleaner coal production and reduce the demand for exploitation of sand deposits.

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Penteado, Carmenlucia Santos Giordano, Beatriz Leão Evangelista, Gisleiva Cristina dos Santos Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Andrade Borges, and Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz. "Use of electric arc furnace slag for producing concrete paving blocks." Ambiente Construído 19, no. 2 (April 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000200305.

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Abstract In this study the electric arc furnace slag was used as coarse natural aggregate substitute in concrete paving blocks production. The concrete mixture was defined by using weight proportions in the ratio of 1:2:3:0.51 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water) in order to obtain a compressive strength of 35 MPa. Four groups of concrete were prepared: a reference recipe and three others with the slag replacing the natural aggregate in the proportions of 25%, 50% and 75%. The compressive strength was not influenced by the slag content; however, it was influenced by the curing age, as the sample with 75% of slag addition had its compressive strength increased by 13.5% from 7 to 56 days. Water absorption presented a slightly reduction with slag addition. The results of compressive strength and water absorption met the Brazilian technical requirements, making the paving blocks suitable for use in light vehicle traffic. The results obtained in this study highlight the influence of the production process in the final quality of the steel slag, and the need of stablishing technical and environmental requirements to guide and promote the safe use of electric arc furnace slag in concrete.

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Leber, Pavel, René Čechmánek, Petr Bibora, Ivana Chromková, and Martin Vyvážil. "Utilization of Materials from the Production of Mineral Wool into Construction Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.178.

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This paper describes research on utilization of solid waste materials from mineral wool production. Aim of this research is verification of most suitable way of separated waste material utilization in building materials and determination of its maximal amount without negative effect on physical-mechanical and ecological characteristics of a final product. The research was focused on self-leveling mixtures, thin-walled glass fibre reinforced concrete products and vibropressed thin-walled shaped concrete blocks.

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YANUTINA, S. E. "Use of Foam Polystyrene Waste in the Conditions of a Reinforced Concrete Products Factory." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-49-52.

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The relevance of research in the factory laboratory of JSC «198 KZHI», which is part of the HC GVSU «Center», is dictated by the need to dispose of foam polystyrene waste that occurs in large quantities when producing the precast concrete. In the production of three-layer external wall panels, polystyrene heatinsulating plates of the PPS 17-R-A brand are used as an effective insulation material. The secondary use of PPS 17-R-A for its intended purpose, as a heater, is not possible. The volume of foam polystyrene produced varies from 25 to 45 m3 per month. Utilization (disposal) of foam polystyrene waste is an expensive undertaking. Its use as a filler in the production of expanded polystyrene blocks was tested in the factory’s laboratory to produce foam polystyrene concrete with specified physical and mechanical characteristics. The results of testing of expanded polystyrene concrete of classes B2.5 and B 7.5 are presented. It is shown that under the conditions of the reinforced concrete factory technology, the production of polystyrene concrete blocks is possible with the achievement of the design strength. The information presented in the article is aimed at motivating specialists who produce recast concrete to the possibility of using foam polystyrene waste for low-rise construction. Keywords: foam polystyrene, ecology, energy efficiency, foam polystyrene concrete, foam polystyrene heat insulation plates, precast concrete.

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Khedekar, S. P. "Analyzing the Strength of Concrete Blocks Reinforced by Half Portion of Coconut Shell." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35366.

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Concrete is the premier construction material around the world and is most widely used in all types of construction works, including infrastructure, low and high-rise buildings, and domestic developments. It is a man-made product, essentially consisting of a mixture of cement, aggregates, water and admixture(s). Inert granular materials such as sand, crushed stone or gravel form the major part of the aggregates. Traditionally aggregates have been readily available at economic prices and of qualities to suit all purposes. But the continued extensive extraction use of aggregates from natural resources has been questioned because of the depletion of quality primary aggregates and greater awareness of environmental protection. In light of this, the non-availability of natural resources to future generations has also been realized. Different alternative waste materials and industrial by products such as fly ash, bottom ash, recycled aggregates, foundry sand, China clay sand, crumb rubber, glass were replaced with natural aggregate and investigated properties of the concretes. Apart from above mentioned waste materials and industrial by products, few studies identified that coconut shells, the agricultural by product can also be used as aggregate in concrete. According to a report, coconut is grown in more than 86 countries worldwide, with a total production of 54 billion nuts per annum. India occupies the premier position in the world with an annual production of 13 billion nuts, followed by Indonesia and the Philippines.

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Sgorlon, Juliana Guerra, Celia Regina Granhen Tavares, and Janaina de Melo Franco. "Production of concrete paving blocks using electroplating waste - Evaluation of concrete properties and solidification/stabilization of waste." Advances in environmental research 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/aer.2014.3.4.337.

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Jiao, Zhenzhen, Ying Wang, Wenzhong Zheng, Wenxuan Huang, and Xianyu Zhou. "Use of Industrial Waste Slag in Alkali-Activated Slag Ceramsite Concrete Hollow Blocks." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122358.

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In this paper, a parametric experimental study developing the alkali-activated slag concrete hollow block (AASCHB) is discussed. Fourteen trial mixes of alkali-activated slag concrete containing pottery sand and ceramsite with different water-to-slag ratios, sand ratios, silicate moduli, and Na2O contents were evaluated to determine the optimal mix for high compressive strength and low drying shrinkage. All four factors evaluated were found to be significant for the desired properties. A series of 390 × 190 × 190 mm3 AASCHBs were prepared using the optimal mix with a water-to-slag ratio of 0.35, sand ratio of 0.64, silicate modulus of 1.2, and Na2O content of 8%. The compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and moisture content tests of these blocks indicate that the resulting AASCHB can be classified under the strength grade of MU15 as a load-bearing hollow concrete block. The proposed AASCHBs appear to provide a viable solution to the environmental problems of industrial waste and cement production emissions, leading to more sustainable buildings without compromising structural performance.

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Kulkarni, Prof Avadhut. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35712.

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In the Development of construction materials Sustainable use of natural resources has become a necessity in India. In this project work, an LCA study is carry out for an AAC block production for environmental assessment. In addition to the LCA, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is also applied for economic assessment. The LCA is performed according to ISO 14040. Firstly, a cradle to gate LCA method performed for one meter cube of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block. The LCCA method include in the OpenLCA software which is choose to calculate impact categories i.e. abiotic depletion, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, Eco toxicity, ozone depletion potential and photochemical oxidation potential. The last few decades, several approaches have been developed by agencies and institutions for Bricks Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The LCC analysis was performed by developing a price model for internal and external cost categories within the software.

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Thakur, Gitanjali, Mohamad Asalam, and Mohammed El Ganaoui. "Energy efficient building envelope using waste PET in concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701022.

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One of the major environmental threat in the world today is the increased production of plastic and its usage. The inept plastic waste management system with regard to its recycling and energy recovery in the developing countries creates a global threat as a major land and water body pollutant. However, its durability, thermal properties, and chemical resistance make plastics an alternate choice as a building material. This study investigates the use of plastic in concrete mixture with an objective to improve the thermal performance of the building. The shredded plastic fibers from plastic bottles (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) were used as a partial weight replacement (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) of coarse aggregate in concrete blocks. The cubes were cast using the Indian standards (IS 456) and the essential tests were performed. Additionally, experiments were designed to investigate the change in the thermal conductivity of the concrete block due to the varying amount of plastic. It was found that the use of PETs affected the compressive strength and also decreased the thermal conductivity of the concrete blocks. The experimental results suggest that PETs can be used in the construction of energy-efficient building to handle the environmental concerns because of its abundance.

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Soto, I. I., M. A. Ramalho, and O. S. Izquierdo. "Post-cracking behavior of blocks, prisms, and small concrete walls reinforced with plant fiber." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 6, no. 4 (August 2013): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952013000400006.

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Structural masonry using concrete blocks promotes the rationalization of construction projects, lowering the final cost of a building through the elimination of forms and the reduction of the consumption of reinforcement bars. Moreover, production of a block containing a combination of concrete and vegetable fiber sisal results in a unit with properties such as mechanical strength, stiffness, flexibility, ability to absorb energy, and post-cracking behavior that are comparable to those of a block produced with plain concrete. Herein are reported the results of a study on the post-cracking behavior of blocks, prisms, and small walls reinforced with sisal fibers (lengths of 20 mm and 40 mm) added at volume fractions of 0.5% and 1%. Tests were performed to characterize the fibers and blocks and to determine the compressive strength of the units, prisms, and small walls. The deformation modulus of the elements was calculated and the stress-strain curves were plotted to gain a better understanding of the values obtained. The compression test results for the small walls reinforced with fibers were similar to those of the reference walls and better than the blocks and prisms with added fibers, which had resistances lower than those of the corresponding conventional materials. All elements prepared with the addition of sisal exhibited an increase in the deformation capacity (conferred by the fibers), which was observed in the stress-strain curves. The failure mode of the reference elements was characterized by an abrupt fracture, whereas the reinforced elements underwent ductile breakage. This result was because of the presence of the fibers, which remained attached to the faces of the cracks via adhesion to the cement matrix, thus preventing loss of continuity in the material. Therefore, the cement/plant fiber composites are advantageous in terms of their ductility and ability to resist further damage after cracking.

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D. N. Oliveira, Denise, Edna S. Almeida, Larissa S. P. Cardoso, and Josiane D. Viana. "Production of Concrete Blocks Using Treated Effluent for Activated Sludge and Stabilization Lagoons." Revista Virtual de Química 8, no. 4 (2016): 1054–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20160075.

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Etxeberria, Miren, Jesus Manuel Fernandez, and Jussara Limeira. "Secondary aggregates and seawater employment for sustainable concrete dyke blocks production: Case study." Construction and Building Materials 113 (June 2016): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.097.

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Jusli, Euniza, Hasanan M. Nor, Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah, and Haron Zaiton. "Mechanical Properties of Double Layer Rubberized Concrete Paving Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.463.

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This paper sought to evaluate the influences of different levels of waste rubber tyre (rubber granules) as an aggregate replacement in the production of double layer concrete paving blocks (CPBs). Waste rubber tyres were used as an aggregate replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The characteristics of the double layer rubberized CPB were examined via a series of tests. According to the results, the density, porosity, and compressive strength of the double layer rubberized CPB is highly influenced by the percentage of rubber content. The compressive strength test has proven that by using rubber granules as an aggregate, the compressive strength is able to be manipulated. As the percentage of rubber granules increase, the compressive strength will decrease as the amount of solid, load-carrying material reduces. Compressive strength was at its peak when the rubber content was at 10%. 1-4 mm rubber granules were used as a replacement of fine aggregate and 5-8 mm rubber granules as coarse aggregate; both at the level of 40%. As a result, a double layer rubberized CPB with 28-days compressive strength of maximum 28 MPa is produced.

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Kaptsov, I., O. Nalivaiko, O. Romashko, and N. Kaptsova. "LABORATORY AND PRODUCTION TESTS OF A HYDROPHOBIC ADDITIVE FROM THE GROUP «RAMSINKS-2M» FOR CONCRETE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STATION BLOCKS AND BLOCKS OF TRANSPLANTING TUNNELS WITH HIGH WATERPROOFING." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-218-222.

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In the work, conducting experimental works and experiments on the choice of optimal ratios of PTCs 1-100 and hydrophobic material «Ramsinks-2MU», studying hydrophobicity of mixtures, recipes-solutions, research of technological properties of mixtures. Experimentally proved that the brand of concrete is not permeable reached by W12, which can not be obtained by sealing concrete. The results of laboratory tests of concrete with the addition of «Ramsinks-2m» are given. To increase the waterproofing of concrete antiltration barriers, underground structures of buildings and structures, reservoirs, etc. It is proposed to achieve high waterproofing of concrete by adding to its composition of the hydrophobic additive «Ramsinks-2MU». The use of new hydrophobic materials such as "Ramsinks-2MU" for the manufacture of concrete on the construction of the subway in Kyiv - is an exhaust direction in metrobudination. Reliable waterproofing of outflows and openings can be achieved by applying a water-retailing additive "Ramsinks-2MU" and its modifications. Technological simplificence in the introduction of the latest material is achieved by direct use of hydro-insulating works by introducing it in the appropriate ratio in traditional solutions. A method for selecting a percentage of a hydrophobic additive with cement for different classes of concrete and for specific mining-geological conditions has been developed. This technique makes it possible for the latest technologies to determine the qualitative characteristics of the hydrophobic additive offered. The use of this additive in the manufacture of concrete and solutions contributes to an increase in the elasticity of the mixture, prevents the uneven concentration of fillers, as well as prevents mixing of the mixture and increases resistance to aggressive factors. The high waterproofing of products with the additive is achieved with the corresponding concrete composition by fine schedules of hydrophobic particles. By reducing the negative impact of moisture on the design, their durability increases. Laboratory test tests showed that the introduction of a hydrophobic additive "Ramsinks-2M" significantly affects the strength of the cement stone in the hydrophobic mixtures "Ramsinks-2MU". The proposed hydrophobic materials have qualitative advantages over other similar materials, as well as cost-beneficial. They can be used when the seams of tunnel processing and stations, as well as waterproofing of monolithic concrete structures in the subway.

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Ďureje, Jakub, and Zdeněk Prošek. "CEMENT PASTE CONTAINING MICRONIZED RECYCLED CONCRETE - INFLUENCE OF HARDENING ACCELERATORS ON THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 26 (March 17, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.26.0019.

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The article deals with the selection of a suitable hardening accelerator for cement composite material for mass production of masonry blocks. The blocks contain cement and finely ground recycled concrete in ratio 1:1. Three different hardening accelerators in different quantity were tested for possibility of fast removing formwork. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was measured by non-destructive resonance method to determine the initial strengths. The modulus of elasticity was measured 7 and 12 hours after sample production to determine the increase in initial strength. Subsequently, the modulus of elasticity was measured at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after production of the test specimens. The resulting moduli of elasticity were compared with reference samples.

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Noriega Morales, Salvador, Adán Valles Ch., Vianey Torres-Argüelles, Erwin Martínez G., and Andrés Hernández G. "Six Sigma improvement project in a concrete block plant." Construction Innovation 16, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-01-2015-0003.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the application of several Six Sigma tools to explain the improvement changes needed in a company that manufactures concrete blocks. The paper explains the methodology and the tools of the Six Sigma system, their use in the project, the application of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control) process for the identification and definition of the problems, the related performance variables and the results obtained. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports the research made to improve the production of concrete blocks, specifically, the application of the DMAIC process, which is part of the Six Sigma methodologies; DMAIC stands for Definition of the problem, Measurement of the performance, Analysis using specific statistical methods and tools, Improvement the factors that cause the problem and Control the processes to ensure that the problem will not occur again. Each of those steps is explained in detail in the paper, which also presents the application of other improvement techniques. Findings The results show the adaptability and relevance of Six Sigma for the improvement of production operations. It is clearly demonstrated that it leads to benefits such as the elimination of machine downtime, reduction of scrap from 18 to 2 per cent and the improvements made in plant layout and production facilities to increase the productivity. Research limitations/implications In improvement projects, the differential between the initial and final conditions varies, depending on the magnitude of the problems or potential opportunities. Although this paper describes only the application of Six Sigma, the methodology has a wide potential application in most manufacturing industries. Practical implications With the Six Sigma and DMAIC tools’ application and the improvement process, the agility obtained is driving a more mechanized perspective of production operations. The customer service level was increased, through fast deliveries of complete orders. This project shows that the application of the Six Sigma methodology is feasible and produces attractive financial and operational results in this segment of the construction industry. Originality/value The companies dedicated to the production of concrete blocks commonly reproduce the systems and standards of the industry, which are commonly designed around civil engineering and technical issues. Thus, the application of improvement tools is exceptional in manufacturing environments. Although this paper is just one application of the methodology, it explains in detail the DMAIC use for companies that are committed to the development of new competencies to increase their competitiveness.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Production of concrete blocks'

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