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Saliba, Ninos. "Standardization of a production process." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39865.
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Löfroth, Jaime, and Samuel Wiklund. "A Multivariate Process Analysis on a Paper Production Process." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149283.
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A big challenge in managing large scale industry processes, like the ones in the paper and pulp industry, is to reduce the amount of downtime and reduce sources of product quality variability to a minimum, while staying cost effective. To accomplish this the key is to understand the complex nature of the processes variables, and to quantify the causal relationships between them and the product quality together with the amount of output. Paper and pulp industry processes consist mainly of chemical processes and the relatively low cost of sensors today enables collection of huge amounts of data, both variables and observations on frequent time intervals. These masses of data usually come with the intrinsic problem of multicollinearity which requires efficient multivari- ate statistical tools for the extraction of useful insights among the noise. One goal in this multivariate situation is to breakthrough the noise and find a relatively small subset of variables that are important, that is, variable selection. The purpose with this master thesis is to help SCA Obbola, a large paper manu- facturer that have had a variable production output, to come up with conclusions that can help them ensure a long term high production quantity and quality. We apply different variable selection approaches that have proven successful in the literature. The results that we get are of mixed success, but we manage to find both variables that SCA Obbola knows affect specific response variables, but also variables that they find interesting for further investigation.En stor utmaning när det gäller att hantera storskaliga industriprocesser, som i pappers- och massaindustrin, är att minska tiden för driftstopp och reducera källor till varia- tioner i produktkvalitén till ett minimum, och samtidigt vara kostnadseffektiv. För att uppnå detta är det viktigt att förstå processvariablernas komplexa natur och att kvantifiera orsakssambanden mellan dem och produktkvaliteten tillsammans med pro- duktionsmängden. Pappers- och massasindustrin består huvudsakligen av kemiska pro- cesser och den relativt låga kostnaden för sensorer idag möjliggör insamling av stora mängder data, både variabler och observationer inom frekventa tidsintervall. Med des- sa datamängder får man ofta problem med multikollinearitet, vilket kräver effektiva multivariata statistiska verktyg för att extrahera användbara insikter bland bruset. Ett mål i denna multivariata situation är att bryta igenom bruset och hitta en relativt liten delmängd variabler som är viktiga, det vill säga variabel selektion. Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att hjälpa SCA Obbola, en stor pappersprodu- cent som har haft ett varierat produktionsutfall, att komma fram till slutsatser som kan hjälpa dem att säkerställa en långsiktig hög produktionskvantitet och kvalitet. Vi tillämpar olika metoder för variabel selektion, som har visat sig framgångsrika i lit- teraturen. Resultaten av arbetet är av blandad framgång, men vi lyckas hitta både variabler som SCA Obbola vet påverkar specifika responser, men även variabler som de tycker är intressanta för vidare utredning.
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Chew, Ryan W. (Ryan Wayne). "Process improvements during production ramp-up." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39589.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
Raytheon Company is currently ramping up production radars for a fighter aircraft. This product is doubling production in the next year to meet customer demand; however, the program has not been able to meet the current demand schedule for the radar. In addition, the cost of producing this radar is over the budgeted amount. Management is pushing cost and cycle time reductions on every piece of the radar, a task the team is diligently working to accomplish. The main focus of this project is one sub-assembly of the AESA radar system, the "coldwall", a heat sink that also provides the base structure by which all of the radar sensing equipment is connect to. The coldwall also acts as a heat sink, reducing the internal temperature of the radar assembly, thereby improving the fidelity of the radio frequency signal and longevity of the system itself. Currently, the cycle time to manufacture the coldwall is on average twice the planned cycle time and the cost is three times the budgeted amount. This thesis provides a case in which a process improvement investigation takes place under tight budgetary and time constraints in ramp-up mode.
(cont.) The goal of this thesis is to develop a case for accurate and complete data collection to help future process improvement decisions. The act of focusing this investigation was cumbersome due to the lack of data available on the process. In addition, the case study shows a situation where proactive issue resolution and active waste elimination could alleviate the stress incurred by cost over runs and delayed product shipments.
by Ryan W. Chew.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Ballot, Francis. "Bacterial production of antimicrobial biosurfactants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2250.
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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Surfactants are compounds that reduce interfacial surface tension, resulting in detergency, emulsifying, foaming and dispersing properties. Surfactants produced via biochemical processes (biosurfactants) form a niche market with their low toxicity, biodegradability and high specificity attributes. Biosurfactants have recently received considerable attention owing to their potential as biomedical molecules. In this study a knowledge base was established for the development of a process which produces biosurfactants for use as antimicrobial agents. Specifically, rhamnolipid biosurfactants were produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tested for antimicrobial activity against target organisms. Accurate and reproducible analyses for the quantification of rhamnolipids and antimicrobial activity were developed. The amount of rhamnolipid was determined indirectly by measuring the rhamnose concentration. A novel HPLC method as well as an orcinol colorimetric method were developed for rhamnose measurement. In order to obtain accuracy with the orcinol method it was found that samples must be extracted at least three times prior to the analysis. An examination of literature on rhamnolipid production showed that many studies used colorimetric methods without extraction. Antibacterial activity was quantified by zone clearing around wells of supernatant in soft agar containing the target organism Mycobacterium aurum. This target organism is especially important in a South African context, since it is used to indicate possible susceptibility of tuberculosis to antibiotics. This method was developed for antibacterial testing, after a standard disk diffusion method proved to be ineffective. Antifungal activity of rhamnolipids was evaluated against the fungus Botrytis cinerea, by growing a lawn of fungus on a plate and adding rhamnolipid. The factors influencing rhamnolipid production were studied by growing different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the ATCC culture collection, namely ATCC 9027 and ATCC 27853 as well as a locally isolated strain under different media conditions. The initial focus was on production of biosurfactants in media containing glucose as substrate. Alkanes were subsequently investigated as an alternative substrate, since they are readily available in South Africa as byproducts from the petrochemical industry. The rhamnolipids produced from the culture collection strains were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum. A number of key factors were identified which were important for the development of a rhamnolipid production process. Of critical importance were the media conditions. Good production was achieved on glucose media containing a phosphate limitation, pH buffering around neutral pH and a high carbon concentration (2 % carbon). When Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 was cultured on this medium (a minimal salts phosphate limited medium with a Tris buffer), it produced 1.31 g/l rhamnose, equivalent to 4.0 g/l rhamnolipid. This rhamnolipid concentration is 2.7-fold higher that of 1.47 g/l reported in the literature with the same strain (cultured on a different phosphate limited medium The particular strain also proved to be a factor which influenced the yield of rhamnolipids. A rhamnose concentration of 0.43 g/l was obtained with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 grown on MSM+Tris medium, compared to 1.31 g/l produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 on the same medium. The most promising strain and medium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and MSM+Tris medium, were evaluated under controlled conditions in an instrumented bioreactor. Nearly double the rate of growth and production were obtained in the bioreactor, indicating that production time can be shortened considerably under controlled conditions. However, when compared to shake flask studies, only a 4 % increase in growth and a 5 % increase in rhamnolipid production were achieved in the bioreactor, indicating that the yield was limited by the media components or process conditions. With media containing hexadecane as sole carbon source, negligible rhamnolipid production was achieved. Slow growth was observed and the stationary phase had not been reached even after 2 weeks of growth. It was shown that in glucose media rhamnolipid production only commenced in the stationary phase. Since the stationary phase was not reached during growth on hexadecane, rhamnolipids, which are known to increase the availability of alkanes through emulsification and solubilisation, could not be produced. A strategy was devised to accelerate growth on alkane media. A dual substrate medium containing both glucose and hexadecane was investigated. It was hypothesised that growth would be promoted by glucose leading to rhamnolipid production, which would then increase the uptake of hexadecane. Rhamnolipid was produced in the dual substrate experiments, but the hexadecane uptake was still poor. This was suggested to be due to the exposure of the cells to glucose in the inoculum or test flask, which hampered the ability of the cells to utilise hexadecane. It was reasoned that the ability to utilise hexadecane was determined by the cell hydrophobicity, which was influenced by the exposure to hydrophilic or hydrophobic substrates. Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and ATCC 27853 were shown to have antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum. The largest zone of clearing of 45 mm was obtained with 4 g/l rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The activity was shown to be directly related to the rhamnolipid concentration, highlighting the importance of maximising the biosurfactant yield when developing a process for the production of rhamnolipids as antimicrobial agents. Antifungal activity tests against Botrytis cinerea were inconclusive. Future studies should expand the antimicrobial application of rhamnolipids by testing their activity against a larger range of target organisms. In order to maximise the rhamnolipid yield in future studies, a fed batch process is proposed which would increase the cell density thereby increasing rhamnolipid production and prolonging the stationary phase, which was found to be the phase associated with rhamnolipid production. Different feeding strategies should be investigated, depending on the kinetics of substrate consumption. It is desirable to feed the smallest volume of substrate that is necessary with a high concentration in order to keep the dilution rate low and maximise the product concentration. A factorial design is recommended for this purpose. Further studies with alkanes as carbon source should be conducted using strains that have been maintained and cultured on media containing alkanes as sole carbon source. Alternative biosurfactant producing strains should also be investigated, which have higher natural cell hydrophobicities.
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Marky, Bazan Karina. "Sistema de costos por proceso que contribuye en la obtención de costos eficientes de la Empresa Mobiliarios Hospitalarios Sin Fin SAC, del distrito La Victoria, año 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1433.
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Esta investigación se basa en un diagnóstico del sistema contable del proceso productivo.Se ha verificado todo los elementos que han intervenido en el proceso para determinar adecuados centros de costos.
This research is based on a diagnosis of the accounting system of the production process. All the elements that have intervened in the process have been verified to determine appropriate cost centers.
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Tubychko, K. V., and O. M. Pihnastyi. "About the methods of formalization of technological process." Thesis, Брама, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48303.
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There are mass, serial and single types of production are determined by the coefficient of consolidation of operations at the workplace (GOST 3.1121.84). Mass production is characterized by a type of highly specialized departments and sections on output, limited and stable for a long period of the time range of products. The main objective of planning is to ensure the movement of workpieces on at a given pace of operations. A significant part of the calendar-planned regulations for the type of mass production is sustainable and just laid the basis for the planned regulations of the production lines. Planning is based on the calculation of the rate of release and details of the calculation of interoperable standards groundwork. When a batch type production nomenclature of manufactured products less stable, but still regularly repeated in the release program, the number performed in detail shops operations far exceeds the number of jobs that determines the production of goods parties. Main planning task in batch production, ensuring periodicity of manufacture products in accordance with the scheduled task. Increasing seriality achieved the unification of parts and typed processes. The objective of production planning is to manufacture products on time and uniform loading of production sites for a given production cycle. Each type of production of different methods can be arranged. The main ones are in-line, single party and methods of production. The most effective line method. The set of methods, tools, and principles of organization of the process to form the production planning and control system. Specifically shown what it takes to build a mathematical model of operations.
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Chen, Yongjiang. "An integrated process planning and production scheduling framework for mass customization /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202003%20CHENY.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-154). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Yu, Hui. "Effects of process approaches and process parameters on assembly precision /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202002%20YU.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-148). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Kocaker, Bahadir Mustafa. "Production Properties Prediction After Forming Process Sequence." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1095512/index.pdf.
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Cold metal forming processes have been widely used for manufacturing of their high production rates and increased yield strength after forming process. For the use in service, increased yield strength of the cold-formed products should be known. The new yield strength can be found by several methods. Mechanical tests such as compression or tensile test are direct methods to obtain new yield strength if the product shape is appropriate. Finite element simulations may be another way to get accurate results for new yield strength distribution. Also Vickers hardness number can be used for prediction of yield strengths by available conversion models. The aim of this study is to compare the results of all these methods. During the study two different materials (austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel) cold formed by drawing and extrusion are investigated. FE simulations have been conducted to predict product properties. For this purpose flow curves obtained from compression and tensile tests are used in FE-models based on elasto-plastic, isotropic hardening material. Results show that both materials are highly anisotropic and have much lower yield strength values than found in simulations. Similarly none of the models correlating Vickers hardness numbers and yield strengths are successful since they are designed for an isotropic hardening material. This study basically presents the deviation of a real material behavior from isotropic material behavior.
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Boran, Efe. "Process Development For Continuous Photofermentative Hydrogen Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612955/index.pdf.
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By the integration of dark and photo fermentative hydrogen production processes, higher yields of hydrogen can be obtained from biomass. In the first step, biomass is utilized for hydrogen production by dark fermentation and in the second step, the effluent of dark fermentation is further utilized for hydrogen production by photofermentation using photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria. The purpose of this study was to develop a solar pilot scale tubular photobioreactor (PBR) for continuous photo fermentative hydrogen production from the effluent of dark fermentation.
This study demonstrated the implementation of the solar pilot tubular PBR for this new technology for the first time and successful continuous operations were performed in different seasons. Two different strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus were used for the operations. It was showed that even in winter, pure hydrogen could be produced in the pilot PBR with an average productivity of 0.3 mol H2/m3.h, when circulation of the PBR was continuous. Productivity obtained by the mutant strain was 0.2 mol H2/m3.h with periodical circulation. The integration between dark and photo fermentation was proven at pilot scales by using real dark fermenter effluents of molasses and thick juice. DFE of thick juice yielded a maximum productivity of 0.27 mol H2/m3.h whereas the maximum productivity obtained from DFE of molasses was 0.12 mol H2/m3.h. The most important factor affecting productivity is found to be the total received light energy and a yield factor (mmol H2/g dry cell weight) was correlated with total received light energy. Acetic acid consumption rates were found to be first order for daytime and zero order for nights. Furthermore acetic acid utilization for different metabolic pathways were estimated and by-product, poly- &beta- hydroxybutyrate, specific rates of product formation were determined.
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Treitz, Martin. "Production process design using multi-criteria analysis." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/178/.
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Dahlin, Jesper, and Simon Karlsson. "Streamline the production process using Lean 5S." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94743.
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Då byggbranschen idag står inför stora förändringar bör arbetsplatserna bli mer effektiva. Rörelse och väntan är två stora slöserier som kostar mycket pengar för företagen. Denna rapport ska undersöka hur produktionsprocessen kan effektiviseras med hjälp av Leanverktyget 5S. Bakgrunden till problemet är tidsförluster i produktionen där företagen lägger mycket tid på onödiga slöserier såsom väntan och materialhantering. Arbetet har utförts tillsammans med NCC Constructionen där tre byggarbetsplatser i Norrköpings region har studerats. De frågor som skulle besvaras var: Var ligger de största slöserierna när 5S inte används? Hur påverkas slöserierna när 5S används? Hur kan arbetsmetoden 5S förbättras inför kommande byggen? Resultatet som kommit fram efter studien var att rörelse och väntan är de största slöserierna när 5S inte används. Vad som kunde ses på arbetsplatsen som bedrev arbete med 5S var att väntan minskade dock var rörelsen fortfarande kvar men avsevärt reducerad. Det som tydligt kan förbättras inför kommande byggen är en kombination av att utbilda yrkesarbetarna i vad 5S handlar om och hur engagemanget kan öka för att få en så effektiv arbetsplats som möjligt.
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Lou, Yuhang. "Decarbonisation in power production and process sites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489510.
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Smith, Stephen E. "Process management applications in biopharmaceutical drug production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66048.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73).
Genzyme's manufacturing and supply chain organization is responsible for the production and delivery of medically necessary medicines for patients with rare diseases around the world. Because of the nature of the products produced at Genzyme, a lapse in operational performance has societal as well as economic impacts. Therefore increased understanding of the complex production systems at Genzyme is helpful to reduce risk and improve performance. This thesis is an analysis of a system of two critical production processes at Genzyme. These processes are studied collectively because shared resources make them a tightly coupled system. The research is presented in three sections. The first section explores the current state of the system and explains general performance trends. The second section examines the impact of scheduling complexity arising from shared resources. The third section discusses how process improvement methodologies could be applied at Genzyme. The following conclusions arise from the work conducted for this thesis. First, the performance of the system has declined due to an increase in utilization and an already high level of variability. Second, variability caused by shared resource conflicts can be minimized using new scheduling techniques. And finally, continuous improvement methods are recommended to further reduce variability and increase overall process performance.
by Stephen Smith.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Mohamed, Abdulaziz Hemmali. "Process intensification in syngas production and cleaning." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2135.
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The aim of this work was to develop an intensified syngas cleaning system for different applications of the cleaned gas. The main target of syngas cleaning is the destruction of tars although the removal of heavy metals is also important. The syngas cleaning strategies include water scrubbing followed by further cleaning and moisture reduction, low temperature capture of tars and destruction of tars at high temperatures preferably at the gasifier exit temperature. In the present study, initially a novel downdraft intensive 50kWe air-blown auto-thermal gasifier was used for the gasification of refinery sludge indicating that refinery sludge could be gasified with low levels of tar as a result of catalytic tar cracking during gasification since refinery sludge initially contained large amounts of catalytic rare earth elements. It contained tar and particulate matter of less than 90 ± 6.0 mg/Nm3 and calorific value of 3.71 ± 0.4 MJ/Nm3 (wet gas), which is sufficient for power generation using an internal combustion engine (ICE). Gas composition, tar content and heat content of the produced gas were determined. Results were compared with those obtained with wood chips (reference feedstock). In the development of intensified syngas cleaning systems, we used a model syngas (carbon dioxide) and model tar (crude oil). A new/novel, multi-functional tar removal rig was designed and fabricated. It can be used as a water scrubber or for tar removal under electric field in the absence or presence of biphilic (both hydrophilic to adsorb water and lipophilic to adsorb tars) adsorbents in the form of functionalized PolyHIPE Polymers (PHPs). These PHPs were produced, functionalized and characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and surface area analysis (SAA) and then used in the form of packed bed for the adsorption of model tars from model syngas. According to the literature, using the syngas in a power production application, the tar concentration in syngas needs to be less than 100 mg/Nm3 which requires particle and tars reduction efficiencies of 90 % for a satisfactory operation of an Internal Composition Engine (ICE) using syngas produced in a downdraft gasifier. vii Maximum tar removal efficiencies under the prevailing process conditions were: water scrubbing 45.9 ± 4.5 %; adsorption by the sulphonated PolyHIPE Polymers (s-PHP) 61.8 ± 2.5 %; high voltage application with conductive electrodes 97.5 ± 1.5 % at 25kV; and the combination of s-PHP with electric field resulted in 96.7 ± 1.9 % % tar removal efficiency. The advantage of high voltage gas cleaning is that it can be used at high temperatures and that no other material is used as adsorbent which requires regeneration once they are saturated with tar, etc. Finally, another electrical method was designed to crack the model tars using plasma induced catalytic conversion. The results indicate that hydrocarbon profile of crude oil in the model syngas shifted towards low carbon number.
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Rodrigues, Ana Rita Guerra Silva. "A green integrated process for biodiesel production." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2716.
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Dissertation presented at Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia from Universidade Nova de Lisboa to obtain the degree of Master in Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringNeste trabalho experimental desenvolveu-se um processo contínuo de produção de biodiesel, a partir de óleo virgem e óleo usado, usando dióxido de carbono supercrítico como solvente e utilizando catálise enzimática. A produção de biodiesel através da reacção de transesterificação de óleo de girassol com metanol, utilizando a Lipozyme TL IM® demonstrou tratar-se de um processo com um elevado potencial nas seguintes condições p = 20 MPa; T = 313,15 K; tempo de residência: 20 segundos e razão molar óleo: metanol: 1:24. O processo integra, igualmente, uma fase de fraccionamento. A separação a p=12 MPa e 333,15 K permite um elevado enriquecimento da fase gasosa em biodiesel. Usando apenas a Lipozyme TL IM® a conversão do óleo usado em biodiesel revelou-se inferior à obtida com óleo virgem, no entanto, a combinação de duas enzimas, Lipozyme TL IM® e Novozyme 435®, revelou ser uma opção viável, atingindo-se um rendimento de 98,9% nas seguintes condições: p=20 MPa; T = 313,15 K; tempo de residência: 30 segundos e razão molar óleo: metanol: 1:24. Uma vez que este rendimento é muito elevado, foi descrito um processo simples de fraccionamento para a recuperação do glicerol e metanol. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de engenharia para o processo de produção contínua de biodiesel utilizando óleo usado com a elaboração de balanços de massa e de energia. Através do aproveitamento do calor libertado durante a compressão de CO2, conclui-se ser necessário fornecer ao sistema 89,75 MJ / h. Um estudo de viabilidade económica foi desenvolvido através do qual se determinou um valor de investimento total de 21.728.718 € e um lucro anual de 3.359.731 €.
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Nevlydov, I., V. Yevsieiev, S. Miliutina, and V. Bortnikova. "Accelerometers production technological process decomposition parameters model." Thesis, 2016 XII International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design (MEMSTECH), 2016. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/3508.
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Crosby, Aaron James. "Brigadoon Lighting Design: In Process and Production." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/313244.
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TheaterM.F.A.
The following thesis document examines the production process for the lighting design of Temple University Theatre Department's production of Brigadoon. It will explore the analytical, conceptual, and technical aspects of my personal process as a lighting designer, as well evaluate the department's Master of Fine Arts program and how it contributed to my development as a fine artist in the field of lighting design.
Temple University--Theses
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Eltepe, Hüdal Emre Balköse Devrim. "The Development of Zinc Borate Production Process/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000499.pdf.
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Colquhoun, Thomas Angus. "Floral fragrance production is a specialized process." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025170.
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Ronchi, Fabrizio. "Design of experiment in production process innovation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425892.
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In his famous book Design and Analysis of Experiments, Montgomery describes Design of Experiment (DOE) as a broad approach to an experiment, starting from the recognition of and statement of the problem, going through the experimental design and to the possible solution, ending to conclusion and recommendations. Specifically, DOE is known to be a powerful instrument based on statistics to design and analyze experiments. Potentiality of DOE is well known and appreciated among scholars. In some fields its potentiality is recognized and appreciated also by practitioners. That’s why there is an extensive use of Design of Experiment in improvement of industrial process quality.
According to the definition given by Bisgaard, innovation is the complete process of development and eventual commercialization of new products and services, new methods of production or provision, new methods of transportation or service delivery, new business models, new markets, or new forms of organization. While the use of DOE is well spread in industrial experimentation to improve quality and robustness of processes, the advantage of using DOE for innovation is debated among scholars and among practitioners.
The idea of investigating the use of DOE for production process innovation arose from this debate. Different perspectives have been investigated. The effectiveness of DOE to support and enhance the innovation of a production process is highlighted by means of a case study in which a strategy to innovate a thermoforming process for the production of a functional packaging has been developed. DOE enhanced innovation capability allowing reduction of systematic errors and distortions, full exploration of factorial space, and reduction of number of tests. DOE allowed to identify and overcome the mismatch between control factors in laboratory and in production line. Another perspective was the management of the innovation process. The positive impact on innovation process management of adoption of DOE is shown by means of a case study. DOE proved to be helpful providing proper instruments, and impacting on five dimensions typical of managerial field. Namely: decision making, integration, communication, time and cost, and knowledge management.
Concerning the data analysis, some nonparametric methods of analysis have been investigated. A simulation study was used to compare some advanced univariate nonparamentric tests in a crossed factorial design. The study revealed that certain methods of analysis perform better than others depending on the data set and on the objective of the analysis. As a consequence, there does not emerge a unique approach in the design phase of the experiment, but various aspects have to be taken into account simultaneously. A thoughtful choice of the most suitable test enhances the positive impact that DOE has on the innovation of a production process. Furthermore, a novel multivariate nonparametric approach based on NonParametric Combination (NPC) applied to Synchronized Permutation (SP) tests for two-way crossed factorial design was developed. It revealed to be a good instrument for inferential statistics when assumptions of MANOVA are violated. A great advantage given by the adoption of these tests is that they well perform with small sample size. This reflects the frequent needs of practitioners in the industrial environment where there are constraints or limited resources for the experimental design. Furthermore, there is an important property of NPC of SP tests that can be exploited to increase their power: the finite sample consistency. Indeed, an increase in rejection rate can be observed under alternative hypothesis when the number of response variables increases with fixed number of observed units. Properties of this multivariate test make of it a useful instrument when using DOE to innovate a production process and some specific conditions are verified.Nel suo famoso libro Progettazione ed Analisi degli Esperimenti, Montgomery descrive il Design of Experiment (DOE) come un esteso approccio ad un esperimento che parte dall’enunciato del problema, attraversa la progettazione della fase sperimentale e lo studio delle possibili soluzioni, per chiudersi con le conclusioni e le raccomandazioni. In particolare, il DOE è riconosciuto essere un potente strumento che si basa sulla statistica per progettare ed analizzare gli esperimenti. Le potenzialità del DOE sono ben conosciute ed apprezzate tra gli studiosi. In alcuni campi le sue potenzialità sono riconosciute ed apprezzate anche dai professionisti. Per questo motivo c’è un uso esteso del Design of Experiment nel miglioramento della qualità dei processi industriali. Secondo la definizione fornita da Bisgaard, l’innovazione è l’intero processo di sviluppo ed alla fine commercializzazione di nuovi prodotti e servizi, di nuovi metodi di produzione o approvvigionamento, di nuovi metodi di trasporto o servizi di consegna, di nuovi modelli di business, nuovi mercati, o nuove forme di organizzazione. Mentre l’uso del DOE è ben diffuso nella sperimentazione industriale per il miglioramento della qualità, il vantaggio dell’uso del DOE per l’innovazione è fonte di dibattito tra gli studiosi e tra i professionisti. L’idea di studiare l’uso del DOE per l’innovazione dei processi di produzione ha origine da questo dibattito. La ricerca è stata condotta secondo diverse prospettive. La prima prospettiva riguarda l’efficacia del DOE nel supportare e potenziare la fase di innovazione di un processo produttivo. Essa è evidenziata grazie ad un caso studio nel quale è stata sviluppata una strategia per innovare il processo di termoformatura per la produzione di un packaging funzionale. Il DOE ha favorito la capacità di innovazione permettendo una riduzione degli errori sistematici e delle distorsioni, una completa esplorazione dello spazio fattoriale, ed una riduzione del numero dei test. Il DOE ha permesso di identificare e superare la discrepanza tra i fattori di controllo in laboratorio e quelli nella linea di produzione. Una seconda prospettiva è di taglio manageriale ed è stata quella della gestione del processo di innovazione. L’impatto positivo che l’adozione del DOE ha avuto sulla gestione del processo di innovazione viene qui mostrato per mezzo di un caso studio. Il DOE ha dato prova di essere utile fornendo appropriati strumenti ed impattando su cinque dimensioni tipiche dell’ambito manageriale: capacità decisionali, integrazione, comunicazione, tempi e costi, e gestione della conoscenza. Sono stati poi studiati alcuni metodi non parametrici. Attraverso uno studio di simulazione sono stati confrontati alcuni test univariati in un piano fattoriale a due vie. Lo studio ha mostrato come l'efficacia dei metodi di analisi vari a seconda del data set da analizzare. Di conseguenza non è emerso un unico approccio da utilizzare nella fase di progettazione dell’esperimento, ma bensì vari aspetti devono essere tenuti in considerazione simultaneamente. Una accurata scelta del test favorisce l’impatto positivo che il DOE ha sull’innovazione dei processi di produzione. Inoltre, è stato sviluppato un nuovo approccio multivariato non parametrico basato sulla NonParametric Combination applicata ai test Synchronized Permutation. Questo approccio si è rivelato essere un buono strumento quando sono violate le assunzioni della MANOVA. Un grosso vantaggio di questo tipo di test sono le ottime performances nel caso di campioni non numerosi che riflette le necessità dei professionisti in ambito industriale dove ci sono limitazioni o risorse scarse per la sperimentazione. Inoltre può essere osservato un aumento della potenza sotto ipotesi alternativa quando il numero delle variabili risposta aumenta ed il numero dei campioni rimane costante. Le proprietà di questo test multivariato lo rendono un utile strumento per l’innovazione dei processi produttivi.
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Schiffers, Reinhard, Georg P. Holzinger, and Gernot Huster. "Adaptive process control for stabilizing the production process in injection moulding machines." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200201.
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Plastic injection moulding machines are a positive example of the possibilities in terms of performance and energy efficiency of modern hydraulic drives technology. In addition to the performance and energy efficiency of the machines, the quality of the plastic mouldings and an easy to use machines control is the focus. To ensure a constant plastics part quality the set process parameters of the injection moulding machines are kept constant by appropriate closed loop control strategies today. Assuming a constant quality of the processed plastic raw material, this strategy is effective. If it comes to a qualitative variation in the processed plastics, which often leads to a change in viscosity of the plastics melt, keeping processing parameters constant will not lead to a constant quality of the moulded parts. The deviations in the plastics viscosity have such a great influence on the moulding process that the relevant process parameters have to be adjusted manually in many cases. Often the stroke of the reciprocating screw system has to be adapted to reach a constant filling volume of the cavity and therefore avoid burr formation or short shots. In this paper an approach for adaptive process control is introduced. This control loop is able to correct the set points of specific machines parameters online within the production cycle and therefore is able to avoid changes in the produced parts quality.
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Lozada, Luis O. "Reengineering the process of manufacturing thermal-cryogenics tanks." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001lozadal.pdf.
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Saunders, Aidan Cyril Giles. "Process monitoring and non-linear observers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308921.
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Akkus, Derya. "Analysis Of Coining Process In Production Of Medallion." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610347/index.pdf.
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Coins and medallions are manufactured by using coining process which is a metal forming process. In coining of medallions, there is a strong need to shorten the production time and reduce the production cost and waste of material in conventional coining method. An alternative coining method may be considered in order to reduce the production time and the manufacturing cost. In this study, a new method has been proposed. In the proposed method, design of the medallion is performed by utilizing computer aided engineering (CAE) environment and the master die is manufactured by means of NC codes.
The modular designs of blanking and coining die sets for medallions with a diameter in the range of 30-90 mm have been realized. Coining and blanking processes for production of the medallion have been simulated by using a commercial finite volume program. Moreover, a commemorative medallion for the opening ceremony of METU-BILTIR Center Forging Research and Application Laboratory has been designed.
After die sets have been manufactured, the real-life experiments have been conducted by using 1000 tones mechanical forging press and 200 tones eccentric press available in Forging Research and Application Laboratory of the METU-BILTIR Center. The results have been compared with the computer simulations. After the real-life experiments, it has been observed that medallions have successfully been obtained by employing the new proposed method. Therefore, the new proposed method for coining has been verified.
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Åhlström, Pär. "Sequences in the process of adopting lean production." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Management av Innovation och Produktion (T), 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-854.
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Does a manufacturing company have to concentrate on a few competitive priorities or can it excel at everything it does? The traditional notion of trade-offs between manufacturing capabilities has recently come under question. Based on the manufacturing management practices of certain Japanese companies, or lean production, it has been proposed that manufacturing capabilities are built cumulatively. The sequence of the initiatives with which manufacturing capabilities are built has, however, received less attention. Particularly lacking are studies which take a process view of implementation. A process view implies studying implementation through longitudinal research, as opposed to cross-sectional research. This book addresses this gap in knowledge. The central problem examined in this book is whether there exists any sequences of lean production principles and what the sequences are. For a period of two and a half years, the author participated in and studied the transformation of Office Machines - the fictitious name of a company adopting lean production. Using the clinical methodology, the author gained access to data not normally available for research, which provided a unique opportunity to study the adoption process. The findings from the clinical study groups the principles of lean production into four different categories, depending on when management devoted effort and resources to the principles. Through a comparison with existing operations management theory, the study’s conclusions indicate that there are sequences in which lean production principles are adopted. However, management also need to devote effort and resources to a set of principles simultaneously.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
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Åhlström, Pär. "Sequences in the process of adopting lean production /." Stockholm : Economic Research Insitute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1997. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/456.htm.
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Ferré, Anna. "Process development for the robust production of polyhydroxyalkanoates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/process-development-for-the-robust-production-of-polyhydroxyalkanoates(91fd1ca5-b907-4061-b232-99528b0862c0).html.
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of biodegradable polyesters naturally synthesised by some bacteria and archaea. PHA have high industrial value as bioplastics for packaging and biomedical applications. However, their broader use is hindered by high production costs and uncontrolled variation of polymer properties. The extreme halophile Haloferax mediterranei shows bioprocess advantages that can be exploited for the low cost production of the PHA copolymer Poly(3-hydroxbutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalterate) (PHBV). The focus of this thesis is to identify process variables responsible for the uncontrolled variation of PHA properties in order to progress towards the robust production of PHBV using H. mediterranei. The outcome of the investigation is a novel cultivation strategy for the reliable synthesis of PHBV copolymers with controlled composition and microstructure showing minor differences in material characteristics. Initially, growth kinetics and PHBV synthesis were characterised under nitrogen-excess and nitrogen-limiting conditions in ammonium and for the first time, nitrate. The nitrogen source and concentration influenced PHBV accumulation and variations in polymer composition were observed with ammonium, highlighting the importance of the control of cultivation conditions. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were found to be a more direct approach to determine PHBV composition and for the first time were used as substrates in H. mediterranei cultures. When the cells were grown in C4:0/C5:0 mixtures, the 3HV fraction in the PHBV was proportional to the percentage of C5:0 in the feed mixture, allowing the synthesis of copolymers with a predefined composition ranging from pure PHB to pure PHV. The cultivation strategy proved effective for the synthesis of HV rich PHBV, which is not easily obtained due to the 3HV precursor toxicity. The polymer microstructure was controlled using different feeding strategies: co-feeding generated random copolymers, while sequential feeding created block and blend copolymers. The synthesis of block copolymers is of interest because the materials show enhanced yield strength and mechanical strength, making such materials more suitable for commodity uses. Bespoke random, block, and blend copolymers with 0â100 mol% 3HV were synthesized and their thermal and mechanical properties studied. Lastly, high temperature cultivation and several surfactants were tested to enhance the production of bespoke PHBV from VFA. PHBV productivity and accumulation was greatly improved in a fed-batch bioreactor fermentation at 37°C with Tween-80 and the maximum PHBV content 58.9% was obtained. The polymers from shake-flasks and from bioreactors showed minor variations in their material properties, demonstrating the scalability and the robustness of the process developed. Further understanding of the different process variables affecting polymer synthesis and composition was gained in this thesis. It is now possible to produce PHBV with controllable composition, microstructure and minor differences in material characteristics. The novel and robust production strategy developed address the bioprocess challenge of minimising the uncontrolled variation of polymer characteristics that is currently hindering the wider use of PHA hence allowing the production of high quality polymers for commodity goods, packaging and biomedical applications.
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Elhoweris, Ammar. "The process and production of calcium sulfoaluminate cements." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232619.
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McIntosh, Timothy Jr (Timothy P. ). "A process for improving long-term production planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66058.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67).
This project presents improvements to the business process used to generate the Sikorsky five-year production scheduling plan that is a central coordinating process for company operations. Recommendations will improve the speed and quality of the planning process. The current production planning method leaves Sikorsky at risk of reserving too little capacity to satisfy demand for its most important customers. Additionally, the current method can lead to overproduction of rotorcraft. Both scenarios are very costly to Sikorsky. In the absence of a more data-driven planning approach, shortcomings of the current planning method will only be exacerbated as Sikorsky continues to pursue new customers in emerging markets. Sikorsky may struggle to continue applying judgment-based planning methods to a customer base for which there is little historical information. To investigate the problem, we used interviews, surveys, and lean techniques to study the current state of the five-year planning process. As part of the solution, we developed and applied statistical demand forecasting methods and a more formal process definition. We documented and communicated the new planning process using standard work templates and instructions. New methods were disseminated to stakeholders through a variety of showcase exercises that featured demonstrations and hands-on exercises. In general, Sikorsky production planning stakeholders were receptive to a more formal and datadriven planning process. We expect that the new methods will enable an overall planning process time of two weeks, compared to current process time of several months. Furthermore, the new methods improve forecasting accuracy by integrating and synthesizing previously unused forward-looking sales and marketing data. Going forward, a small pilot team will continue to apply and improve new planning methods. The team will engage in a preliminary pilot exercise during an upcoming revision to the five-year plan, which will occur in early 2011.
by Timothy McIntosh.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Underwood, Curtis J. (Curtis James), and Jacob R. Wood. "Applying an analytical framework to production process improvement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39694.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 74).
As the medium voltage switchgear industry moves from air insulated to gas insulated technology, Siemens Frankfurt factory is introducing a new gas insulated product line that will improve their relative market position. It is their intent to design a product and supporting production system that will enable substantial cost and lead time reduction over existing Siemens gas insulated switchgear products. This thesis outlines a framework for analyzing the existing production process from 'customer order to customer delivery', identifying areas of opportunity, valuing projects aimed at achieving these opportunities, and prioritizing highest value projects for implementation. To provide a rigorous analytical approach to project selection, it was important to rethink existing ways of valuing inventory holding costs, material handling costs, and lead time. By uncovering hidden costs and benefits for each, projects that otherwise seemed unattractive become important to achieving overall factory objectives. Conversely, other projects that had been historically pushed by factory leadership were shown to generate little overall return on investment.
(cont.) By using the approach outlined in this thesis, improved alignment was achieved across departments on several high value projects. This alignment positioned the factory to move forward with plans for successful implementation. It is the authors' hope that Frankfurt not only finalizes implementation of high value projects identified during this analysis, but also use the framework provided for future analysis and continued improvement.
by Curtis J. Underwood & Jacob R. Wood.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Lindsey, Christine M. (Christine Marie) 1977. "Critical process parameter determination during production start-up." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34741.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
Production start-up data is consistently utilized in a reactive manner during the initial stages of a product's lifecycle. However, if proactive information systems are created before full scale production starts, ramp-up cycles can be shortened considerably. This project attempts to develop a framework for analyzing process data quickly and efficiently during a new product start-up in order to provide information for the short term goals relating to attaining stable processes as well as provide guidance on long term handles for process improvement. First, a summary of previous literature regarding start-up process data as well as typical stable process data usage will be presented. This will provide adequate background for evaluating typical gaps present during production ramp-up. Then, solutions to these gaps will be discussed in order to develop tools for better data analysis in shorter periods of time. These methods will then be applied to a case study involving the. new production of Kodak's DCS Pro 14N digital camera. The Kodak Professional DCS Pro 14N was an amazing leap in technology: a camera with double the resolution for roughly half the price of any product available. Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that the original demand estimates were grossly underestimated, straining original resource allocations. Manufacturing struggled to start and was already a year behind in backorders. With over 1.500 process attributes collected on each camera, the key drivers of quality had yet to be determined. The surrounding circumstances made the quick analysis of start-up data vital to effective resource management and yield improvement of the camera.
(cont.) After using the new process modeling framework and modified control techniques on the example Kodak case, two additional topics will be discussed. First, the many classifications of return on investment in proactive start-up data analysis will be presented. Ranging from waste minimization to higher customer satisfaction, these incentives justify early preparation for start- up data analysis. Finally, future areas of study will be recommended to augment the findings within the thesis.
by Christine M. Lindsey.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Belo, José Nuno Palma e. "A process-based control for evolvable production systems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5967.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresNowadays, companies in a challenging environment are compelled to adapt to the rapid changes in the manufacturing business. The search for new processes to create products with short life-cycles at low cost, while keeping the same levels of productivity and quality is greater than ever. This has generated the need to create even more agile manufacturing systems, which could easily adapt to the market changes at a low cost. Advances in information technologies have allowed manufacturing systems to achieve new levels of agility, opening the doors to new approaches. These same advances helped companies in several sectors other than manufacturing to gain e ectiveness through the synchronization of the processes of their several departments by using Business Process Management tools. This thesis proposes a system that reacts and adapts itself to di erent production orders by means of recon guration. To reach this goal, the concept of Business Process Management was used. This concept, already used in many companies, allows them to model their inner behaviours with processes that can be changed according to their needs. A manufacturing system using this may become equally agile and alter its functioning in accordance with the needs of other departments of the same company. To create the system presented in this thesis it was used a multi-agent architecture based on process execution. Each agent contains a knowledge base, used by its processes,that stores internal or external information. This system may be used not only in the manufacturing shop oor, but also in any other areas within a company. This thesis also presents an application of the system to the shop oor, based on the Evolvable Production Systems concept, in which each agent represents a manufacturing resource that o ers a given set of services useful to the production process. The resources,by means of the agents, may aggregate among themselves to execute services together. Keywords: Manufacturing system, multi-agent system, ontology, process, BPM, EPS.
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Beatriz, Ricardo Filipe Martins. "Safety function analysis in an industrial production process." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8075.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialAim: The purpose of this work was to identify and assess safety features on a production line of paper manufacturer called Renova. The assessment includes technical as well as organisational factors. The study was carried out through the evaluation of safety functions (SF), either present or absent in the system analyzed. Methods: The methodology applied was the SFA (Safety Function Analysis), which was developed by Harms-Ringdahl in 2001 and was updated further, in 2011 (draft version). The analytical framework was applied in two processes (raw material loading and transversal cut of log) of a production line (Line H4) of Renova. Results: In the first process analyzed (raw material loading), 47 safety functions (SF) were identified and evaluated, whereas 36 SF were assessed in the second case (transversal cut of log). The evaluation has shown that most of the SF considered are in good condition and being well monitored, therefore they do not need any improvements. In contrast, this work has also identified a number of safety functions that need essential improvements. Conclusions: As a consequence of this SFA analysis, the author proposes a number of specific recommendations to improve safety and the system’s performance in general. Since Renova is a manufacturer of paper products, fire safety is of paramount importance and one of the most relevant recommendations is perhaps the implementation of thermo graphic tests to identify possible hot spots that may originate a fire.
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Pihnastyi, O. M. "Statistical two-level model of the production process." Thesis, Apostrophe, 2011. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/42134.
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The mathematical model of economical-manufacturing systems with mass production output was constructed. The state of any production system at any time moment is usually given as a point in two-dimensional phase space. The distribution function for the base product is input, and the equation, being analogous to the kinetic equation in Physics, is put down. Both the engineering-production and the generative functions were determined. The closed system of equations for the distribution function moment was put down in the zero approximation. For the closed system of equations of the manufacturing system’s macroscopic state was obtained. The conditions of manufacturing systems stable operating were written down. The connection between the surplus and the pace of base products motion lengthwise the technological chain was shown. The manufacturing process’ disturbed state system of equations for the particular case of the stability theory (the case of one zero roots of the system’s characteristic equation) was considered.
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Xu, Dikai Xu. "Chemical Looping Partial Oxidation Process for Syngas Production." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503277899450895.
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Zhiltsova, Tatiana Vladimirovna. "Injection moulding process optimization for microstructured parts production." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12059.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia MecâncicaAo longo das últimas décadas, a micromoldação (u-moldação) por injeção de termoplásticos ganhou um lugar de destaque no mercado de equipamentos eletrónicos e de uma ampla gama de componentes mecânicos. No entanto, quando o tamanho do componente diminui, os pressupostos geralmente aceites na moldação por injeção convencional deixam de ser válidos para descrever o comportamento reológico e termomecânico do polímero na microimpressão. Por isso, a compreensão do comportamento dinâmico do polímero à escala micro bem como da sua caraterização, análise e previsão das propriedades mecânicas exige uma investigação mais alargada. O objetivo principal deste programa doutoral passa por uma melhor compreensão do fenómeno físico intrínseco ao processo da μ-moldação por injeção. Para cumprir com o objetivo estabelecido, foi efetuado um estudo paramétrico do processo de μ-moldação por injeção, cujos resultados foram comparados com os resultados obtidos por simulação numérica. A caracterização dinâmica mecânica das μ-peças foi efetuada com o objetivo de recolher os dados necessários para a previsão do desempenho mecânico das mesmas, a longo prazo. Finalmente, depois da calibração do modelo matemático do polímero, foram realizadas análises estruturais com o intuito de prever o desempenho mecânico das μ-peças no longo prazo. Verificou-se que o desempenho mecânico das μ-peças pode ser significativamente afetado pelas tensões residuais de origem mecânica e térmica. Estas últimas, resultantes do processo de fabrico e das condições de processamento, por isso, devem ser consideradas na previsão do desempenho mecânico e do tempo de serviço das u-moldações.
Over the last decades, microinjection moulding (uIM) of thermoplastics has gained a pertinent place on the market of electronic equipment and a broad range of the mechanical aids. However, when size of components drop to the micro level, the assumptions of the conventional injection moulding cease to describe the complex rheological and thermo-mechanical behavior of the polymer in the microimpression. Therefore, understanding of the polymer flow dynamics at the micro scale as well as characterization, assessment and prediction of the final mechanical properties require a great deal of additional research. The prime objective of this doctoral thesis is to get an insight into the physical phenomena inherent to μIM process. In order to comply with the established objective, a number of parametrical studies of the μIM process were carried on an instrumented micromould and then their results were compared with the obtained numerical simulation results gathered from process modeling phenomena. Dynamical mechanical characterization of μ-moulded parts was performed in order to collect the data required for prediction of their long-term mechanical performance. Finally, after calibration of polymer material model, a long-term transient structural analysis was carried out. It was found out that the structural performance of microparts was significantly affected by the thermo-mechanical (residual) stresses. The latter is an inherent feature of the injection moulding processing, and therefore has to be accounted for the prediction of the u-moulded parts’ service life.
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Ingwald, Anders. "Technologies for better utilisation of production process resources." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2505.
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Storgårds, Erna. "Process hygiene control in beer production and dispensing /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2000/P410.pdf.
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Giesteira, Artur Amorim Gonçalves. "Primary Good Production Process Improvement." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/105774.
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Giesteira, Artur Amorim Gonçalves. "Primary Good Production Process Improvement." Dissertação, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/105774.
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Chiou, Wei-Hau, and 邱偉豪. "Production-inventory management underdeterioration process." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37726482648906659809.
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碩士逢甲大學
工業工程與系統管理學研究所
99
In conventional production-inventory management approach, the production order quantity is determined by referring to the costs such as ordering cost and inventory cost. However, the quality level being produced may change during production process due to the deterioration process. Thus, under the deterioration process, production order quantity solely based on the conventional production-inventory management system may be overproduced, due to a lack of consideration of varied quality costs at different points of time, along with the production run length. Hence, for cyclical quality promotion and cost reduction, there is a motivation to extend the conventional production-inventory management approach by adding the process-quality design approach which considers the process resetting as a function of time. The decision variables include: initial setting, process tolerance, resetting cycle, production order quantity which have to be determined simultaneously for true optimization, so that the average total cost, which includes: setup cost for production reordering and process resetting, quality loss and tolerance cost for process quality, and inventory cost for production inventory, is minimized. An example is presented to demonstrate the proposed model.
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Lin, Chun-Yu, and 林俊宥. "Process Development for Biodiesel Production." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91718034457296518052.
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碩士國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
99
Biodiesel have been produced commercially by using basic homogeneous catalysts, such as NaOH and KOH. However, the base-catalyzed reactions are very sensitive to the free fatty acid (FFA) contenting in the oil feed. Hence, the basic catalysts are unsuitable to produce esters from unrefined oils which have FFA content higher than approximately 3 wt%. In this study, organ-metallic, B(OCH3)3, and heterogeneous catalysts, V2O5/SiO2, have been found to be useful for remedying the drawbacks of the basic catalysts. By the use B(OCH3)3, up to 60 % of vegetable oil was catalytically converted to bio-diesel within two hours in a batch reactor under a condition of oil to methanol ratio of 1 to 6 at 230 C and 13.6 bar, while more than 95% oil was converted for V2O5/SiO2 catalysts. In order to understand the superior catalytic properties of V2O5/SiO2 catalysts, the structure of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized by synchrotron PXRD, EXAFS, and FT-IR. The results indicated that V2O5 was converted to vanadium organic compounds (vanadium methylate) anchored on silica supports. For commercial application, process with reactive distillation technique was developed. Under atmospheric pressure and catalyzed by B(OCH3)3, the conversion of oil in a reactive column is about 15% without methanol recycle, while about 25% for the same operating conditions with methanol recycle. Different from base catalyst system, biodiesel products could simply be separated and purified from outlet stream vacuum distillation; troublesome acid-base neutralization, water wash, and filtration steps are not necessary for the new process.
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Meher, Anil. "ECM Process Characteristics." Thesis, 2009. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1311/1/ECM_Process_Characteristics.pdf.
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This paper intends to deal with the process characteristics of ECM and how it is affected by the process parameters. This work shows a study of the intervening variables in electrochemical machining (ECM) of mild steel (C=0.08%, Mn=0.35%, P=0.014%, S=0.018%, Si=0.017%, Fe=rest). The material removal rate (MRR) was studied. Two parameters were changed during the experiments: feed rate and voltage. Sodium chloride solution was taken as electrolyte (100gm/lt). The results show that feed rate was the main parameter affecting the MRR.
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Samal, C. "Study of process parameters towards improving efficiency of closed die hot forging process." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5909/1/E-87.pdf.
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Closed die hot forging process is one of the most adopted methods for forming complex shaped parts with satisfactory geometrical accuracy. Over sixty percent of the forgings are processed through this route. Forged parts, though required in many engineering sectors, play a vital role in the automotive sector. The majority of the crucial load bearing structural components as well as safety critical items are processed via the forging route. This is mainly due to the inherent strength to weight ratio and dimensional accuracy that can be combined into the components. Faster production of complex shapes with least wastage of material are some of the other benefits. The metal flow analysis of the process is complex due to the involvement of a large number of parameters. A number of experimental testings and production-trials are being done in the industry in order to develop a robust manufacturing process. Such practices however involve huge investments in tooling and raw materials, including a great deal of development time and effort. In recent years, finite element method has emerged as a suitable tool for virtual process trials and simulation based design. This would lead to an improvement in overall efficiency of the process at a lower cost. Through the present study, an attempt has been made to gain an insight into the process parameters influencing the closed die hot forging and their interaction. As a sample case, a real life automotive driveline component, a flange yoke, is taken for investigation. A simulation-driven approach using a commercial package (DEFORM), based on finite element method, was adopted. Trials were conducted using an industrial press, data generated were validated against those predicted. The correlation was found to be satisfactory.
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Tzeng, Fu-Sheng, and 曾福勝. "Process For Production Of Aliphatic Esters." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63134375922938014552.
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碩士國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
88
Abstract The commercial production of ethyl acetate is mainly by two processes: the Tischenko reaction which produces ethyl acetate by direct conversion of ethanol via acetaldehyde using aluminum alkoxide catalyst; and the production of ethyl acetate by direct esterification of ethanol with acetic acid using a sulfuric acid catalyst. Since both process have wasted-catalyst-treatment problem and have to suffer high cost of raw material, it motivates us to develop a process for the conversion of water-containing ethanol to ethyl acetate. By Pd/SDB (styrene divinylbenzene copolymer) catalyst developed before, the process includes two stages operated in a fix-bed reactor. The first stage is the catalytic oxidation of ethanol to acetic with air over the Pd catalyst and the second stage is the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over Amberlyst-15 catalysts. In this study, we found that Pd(II)-acetate formed from the reaction of the reaction immediate, acetic acid, with Pd clusters on the catalysts results in a leaching and aggregating of Pd clusters thereby decreasing the catalyst activity. To remedy the drawbacks of the catalysts, zeolite-supported bimetallic catalysts have been developed. By controlling the properties of supports including pore size, acidity, and polarity, the goals of high esterification selectivity, stability maintenance, and low impurity have been achieved. The experimental results indicated that catalyzed by Pd-X(Pt, Ag, Ni, Ru, Zn)/Zeolite catalysts, about 62.5% ethanol was converted and the selectivity to ethyl acetate selectivity was up to 93.3%. Moreover, since the catalysts can be regenerated under very mild conditions, they are regarded to be promising for industrial application.
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RizkiviaRadita, Deqi, and 丁艾琳. "Mathematical Modeling of Biohydrogen Production Process." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26115615356603926783.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
101
Fermentative bio-hydrogen production process is a very complex process that contain particular step. The hydrogen production rate from this process is influenced by many factors. This process always suffers from instability because of its complex process and a lack of understanding of the process. The instability of the process can cause process failure and lack of hydrogen gas production. Mathematical model can help to obtain better understanding of some process. It contains a set of relationship between the variables that influence each process step. It can observe the possible behavior and the important step that happened in the process. Appropriate mathematical model needs to be developed in order to get better understanding of fermentative bio-hydrogen production process. The fermentative bio-hydrogen production process that used different kind of main carbohydrate in the substrate such as maltose and xylose did not seem to follow the common patterns of fermentative bio-hydrogen production process by glucose fermentation. The possible patterns of the fermentative bio-hydrogen production process by maltose and xylose is expected to be explained by using mathematical model. The previous research results that used maltose and xylose as the main carbohydrate in the substrate are used to obtain appropriate mathematical model. It is assumed that there are two main processes happened in the maltose and xylose fermentation bio-hydrogen production process. The first step is maltose or xylose consumption that produced lactate and acetate compound. The next step is lactate and acetate consumption that produced butyrate. The mathematical model simulation of maltose and xylose fermentation bio-hydrogen production process fit well with the experimental data. The mathematical model describes each step from maltose or xylose consumption until butyrate production properly. Although it do not fit well with hydrogen and carbon dioxide but it can describes well the hydrogen and carbon dioxide production rate.
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Moberg, Annelie K. "Process engineering fundamentals of microalgae production." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/940358.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis addresses the process engineering fundamentals of a new design of photobioreactor and determines the practical range of operating parameters to support high productivity algae growth. The fluid dynamic conditions within the reactor are important in designing for high performance. Liquid phase mass transfer controls the transfer rates of the photosynthetic gases in and out of the culture. Radial mixing impacts on the effectiveness of the light regime, as individual algae cells move between lighter and darker regions of the culture. These phenomena have been studied for the distinguishing design features of the system, in which the culture circulates through oating, partially filled, horizontal tubular solar receivers. Key variables, including liquid velocities, gas compositions, reactor lengths and tube diameters, have been analyzed and optimum conditions identified. Investigations included the use of an experimental prototype, CFD modeling, particle tracking, and the development of process modeling algorithms and simulations. Results showed that the photobioreactor under study can be configured and operated to create a culture environment likely to support the high productivity target of 55 g m⁻² day⁻¹ using a gas phase of flue gas composition. Suitable mass transfer rates at the solar receiver free surface can be achieved at liquid velocities of 0.3-0.5 m s⁻¹, and makes a substantial difference to the maximum tube lengths possible without excessive oxygen accumulation compared to tubes operating full. Lengths of 100 m are likely to support high productivity and stable pH regimes. Under these fluid dynamic conditions, the algae cell light/dark cycling frequency range is of the order of 1 Hz where productivity increases may be expected. Scale-up of the reactor design to the commercial demonstration stage by the industry partner has been made possible following a detailed engineering feasibility study based on fundamental insights, design parameters and practical tools developed in this work.
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Mohanty, Suranjan. "Modelling of hard turning process." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6312/1/E-60.pdf.
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In the present work, the workpiece material taken is chrome-moly alloy steel. This is a hard material having hardness 48 HRC. This alloy steel bears high temperature and high pressure and its tensile strength is high. It is very resistive to corrosion and temperature. For these useful properties it is used in power generation industry and petrochemical industry. Also it is used to make pressure vessels. For machining of workpiece the insert chosen is Tic coated carbide insert. Three factors speed, feed and depth of cut were taken at three levels low, medium and high. By the L27 orthogonal design twenty seven runs of experiments were performed. For each run of experiment the time of cut was 2 minutes. The output responses measured were surface roughness, power consumption, chip reduction co-efficient and tool wear (flank wear). All the output responses were analyzed by SN ratio, analysis of variance, and response table. The criteria chosen here is smaller the better and the method applied is Taguchi method.
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Boipai, Budhram. "FEM analysis for WEDM process." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6489/1/212ME2293-7.pdf.
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Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is widely used in machining of conductive materials when precision is considered as a prime importance. This work proposes a three dimensional finite element model (using ANSYS software) and new approach to predict the temperature distribution at different pulse time as well as stress distribution in wire. A transient thermal analysis assuming a Gaussian distribution heat source with temperature-dependent material properties has been used to investigate the temperature distribution and stress distribution. Thermal stress developed after the end of the spark and residual stress developed after subsequent cooling. The effect on significant machining parameter pulse-on-time has been investigated and found that the peak temperature sharply increases with the parameter.