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Journal articles on the topic 'Production sourcing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Garetto, Stefania. "Input Sourcing and Multinational Production." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 118–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.5.2.118.

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I propose a general equilibrium framework where firms decide whether to outsource or integrate input manufacturing, domestically or abroad. By outsourcing, firms may benefit from suppliers' technologies, but pay mark-up prices. By sourcing intrafirm, they save on mark-ups and pay possibly lower foreign wages. Multinational corporations arise when firms integrate production abroad. The model predicts that intrafirm imports are positively correlated with the mean and variance of the firms' productivity distribution and with the degree of input differentiation. I use the model to quantify the US welfare gains from intrafirm trade, which amount to about 0.23 percent of consumption per-capita. (JEL D21, F12, F23, F41, L11, L24)

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2

Guo, Yunsong, Yanzhi Li, Andrew Lim, and Brian Rodrigues. "Tariff concessions in production sourcing." European Journal of Operational Research 187, no. 2 (June 2008): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.03.004.

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3

Moon, Karen Ka-Leung, Fung-Yi Tam, Mei-Mei Lau, and Jimmy M. T. Chang. "Production Outsourcing: Perspectives from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-02-2014-b009.

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Given the intense international competition brought on by globalisation, an organization's profit is largely determined by how it leverages its internal and external resources. This paper studies the production sourcing strategies adopted by the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the clothing industry together with their motivations for outsourcing, adoption of buyer-seller relationships, and satisfaction with their production sourcing performance. A conceptual framework was developed from the literature and tested using a questionnaire survey. Quantitative analysis showed that motivational factors (MFs) can affect an SME's satisfaction with its operational achievement; while host-country and location MFs can affect its strategic achievement. In addition, firms adopting a pure transaction approach seemed to be negatively motivated by the total-cost factor; and those adopting a more diverse sourcing strategy were more likely to be motivated by the corporate factor so as to develop appropriate buyer-seller relationships with vendors, and to be satisfied with their operational performance. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of business networking from the perspectives of SMEs in regard to their pursuit of production sourcing; and demonstrates how clothing SMEs adopt production sourcing strategies to improve their production sourcing performance.

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4

Schwarz, Christian, and Jens Suedekum. "Global sourcing of complex production processes." Journal of International Economics 93, no. 1 (May 2014): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.12.006.

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Farkhutdinov, I. I., and A. G. Isavnin. "Theoretical aspects of production forms of sourcing." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 18, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.18.1.108.

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6

Tam, F. Y., K. L. Moon, S. F. Ng, and C. L. Hui. "Production sourcing strategies and buyer‐supplier relationships." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 11, no. 2 (May 15, 2007): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13612020710751446.

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7

Yu, Ui-Jeen, and Ji-Hyun Kim. "Financial productivity issues of offshore and “Made-in-USA” through reshoring." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 22, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-12-2017-0136.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine merchandise performance-based financial productivity of offshore vs reshore sourcing scenarios for fashion/seasonal products with higher demand uncertainty, using computer simulation software. Design/methodology/approach Using Sourcing SimulatorTM, the researchers generated a data set of 530 simulations concerning merchandising performance measures for offshore and reshore sourcing scenarios. Analysis of covariance was conducted for data analysis. Findings Results show financial productivity differs, depending on a sourcing decision between offshore and reshore sourcing scenarios as well as on the levels of volume error and assortment error. The reshore sourcing scenario through “Made-in-USA” domestic production strategy can have a better profitability, including gross margin return on inventory with service level, in cases of under-volume error and over-assortment error, than the offshore sourcing scenario. Research limitations/implications Findings from this study are based on simulation data, which may have a gap between simulations and reality concerning the competitive advantages of “Made-in-USA” domestic production strategy. “Made-in-USA” domestic production strategy can be more agile and responsive to the uncertainty of markets and customer demands when the supply chain systems are well-integrated and fully implemented. Originality/value Results from this study contribute to fill the literature gap about differences of financial productivity between offshore and reshore sourcing scenarios for apparel manufacturers and retailers. This study also offers an insight of which decision response may be better to uncertain customer demands, while satisfying financial productivity.

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ANDERSSON, Martin, and Trudy-Ann STONE. "GLOBAL SOURCING AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY – A FIRM-LEVEL STUDY ON THE ICT INDUSTRY IN SWEDEN." Journal of Business Economics and Management 18, no. 5 (October 27, 2017): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2017.1356367.

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We analyse the relationship between international sourcing, measured as imports of intermediate inputs, and the technical efficiency of firms in the information and communications technologies (ICT) manufacturing industry in Sweden. Using stochastic frontier analysis, we provide evidence that global sourcing improves firms’ capabilities to combine and re-combine inputs in productive ways, thereby increasing technical efficiency. We find a robust relationship between technical efficiency and international outsourcing. First, we find that firms that are deeply integrated into global sourcing networks are closer to their own production frontier. Second, firms that are engaged in international sourcing are also closer to the industry efficiency frontier. These findings are consistent with the argument that international sourcing stimulates firms’ capabilities by enabling them to identify and adopt higher quality inputs or more efficient production and management practices. These findings also suggest that the variety and extent of firms’ global sourcing networks constitute an important source of differences in efficiency levels among firms the ICT manufacturing industry.

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9

Huang, He, and Hongyan Xu. "Dual sourcing and backup production: Coexistence versus exclusivity." Omega 57 (December 2015): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.04.008.

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10

Mills, Barbara J., Andrea J. Carpenter, and William Grimm. "Sourcing Chuskan Ceramic Production: Petrographic and Experimental Analyses." KIVA 62, no. 3 (January 1997): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00231940.1997.11758335.

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11

Korsgaard, Steffen, Alistair Anderson, and Johan Gaddefors. "Entrepreneurship as re-sourcing." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 178–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-03-2014-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of entrepreneurship that can help researchers, policymakers and practitioners develop entrepreneurial responses to the current economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a conceptual approach. Hudson’s diagnosis of the current patterns of production is applied to the two dominant streams of theorising on entrepreneurship: the opportunistic discovery view and the resourcefulness view of, for example, effectuation. Findings The analysis indicates that the opportunistic discovery view and, to some extent, the resourcefulness view are both inadequate as conceptual platforms for entrepreneurial responses to the economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Instead, an alternative perspective on entrepreneurship is developed: Entrepreneurship as re-sourcing. The perspective emphasises the importance of building regional-level resilience through entrepreneurial activity that sources resources from new places and uses these resources to create multiple forms of value. Practical implications The paper draws attention to dysfunctions in the current theorising on entrepreneurship in light of the economic, environmental and socio-spatial crisis. Instead, the authors offer an alternative. In doing so, the paper also points to the difficult trade-offs that exist between, for example, long-term resilience and short-term competitiveness and growth on a regional, as well as firm level. Originality/value This paper adds to research by offering an alternative view of entrepreneurship grounded – not in economics – but in economic geography, thus highlighting the importance of productions’ grounding in material reality and the importance of addressing non-economic concerns in our way of thinking about entrepreneurship.

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AHMED, ANAS, MURAT ERKOC, and SOHYUNG CHO. "CAPACITY INVESTMENT, PRICING, AND PRODUCTION ALLOCATION ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS WITH EXCHANGE RATE UNCERTAINTY." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 29, no. 01 (February 2012): 1240008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595912400088.

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In this paper, we investigate joint optimal capacity investment, pricing and production decisions for a multinational manufacturer who faces exchange rate uncertainties. We consider a manufacturer who sells its product in both domestic and foreign markets over a multiperiod season. Because of long-lead times, the capacity investment must be committed before the selling season begins. The exchange rate between the two countries fluctuates across periods and the demand in both markets are price dependent. Our model considers three scenarios: (1) early commitment to price and quantity with central sourcing, (2) postponement of prices and quantities with central sourcing, and (3) local sourcing. We derive the optimal capacity and the optimal prices for each scenario, and investigate the impact of the exchange rate parameters and the length of the selling season. We observe that while the price and production decisions in the domestic market are independent of the exchange rate under early commitment and local sourcing scenarios, the exchange rate between two countries directly impacts these decisions under the postponement setting. We identify thresholds and gain insights on capacity and production costs, exchange rate movement, and selling season length for the choice of entering a foreign market under all scenarios.

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13

Sjauw-Koen-Fa, August R., Vincent Blok, and Onno Omta. "Exploring the applicability of a sustainable smallholder sourcing model in the black soybean case in Java." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 5 (October 12, 2017): 709–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0171.

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Food and agribusiness multinational enterprises are redesigning their sourcing strategies to tap into the underused food production potential of small-scale farms in a way that improve farmers’ livelihood. The problem is that current widely applied sourcing models do not include improvement of livelihood of the producers/farmers. The present article explores the applicability of a sustainable smallholder sourcing model with a list of critical success factors, in which business objectives and corporate social responsibility perspectives are combined. To this end, the black soybean supply chain in Java/Indonesia is studied. It was found that the black soybean case can be conceptualized by the sourcing model. Most of the critical success factors were present, but also some differences were identified. The differences enable to fine-tune some critical success factors. The sustainable sourcing model can help in (re-)designing sourcing strategies to secure sustainable and more equitable supply from small-scale farmers from a business perspective.

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Ladeira, Wagner Junior, and Clecio Falcão Araujo. "Global Sourcing and Production Integration: Approach and Contradictions in the Internationalization of Production Activities Brazilian Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.5585/Riae.V10i2.1737." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 10, no. 2 (October 24, 2011): 04–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v10i2.1737.

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Studies of the process of productive integration between countries have increased considerably in recent decades. This fact led to various theoretical approaches to study this phenomenon. To better understand this phenomenon, this article aims to distinguish the factors that influence the strategies of global sourcing and production integration policies in Brazil. For this, a study was conducted through qualitative interviews with five representatives of associations and five government representatives of Brazilian companies. These interviews were analyzed through the technique of content analysis. The categorization made in the content analysis helped to understand the concepts related: the politics of productive integration and global sourcing strategies in the Brazilian context. Thus, this study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for understanding the differences and similarities of these concepts. The search for definition of these concepts it is clearly an issue, especially the complex relationships that exist in the factors that precede their practices.

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15

Yiğit, Sema, and Ahmet Mumcu. "Responsible sourcing practices in hazelnut industry." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i1.3294.

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Companies may play an important role to guarantee the supply of their basic raw materials and hereby to support sustainability. The aim of this study is to investigate the companies’ responsible sourcing practices in hazelnut industry in Turkey. Turkey is the world’s leading producer and exporter of hazelnuts, accounting for around 75% of the world’s supply. Survey, interview and analysis of secondary data method were used together. Responsible sourcing practices of companies were analysed into two parts as assessment and collaboration. Besides, under-age workers on hazelnut production are one of the major problems that companies have to struggle to prevent it in the context of responsible sourcing. Keywords: Responsible sourcing, hazelnut, Turkey.

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16

Barrientos, Stephanie. "Gendered Global Production Networks: Analysis of Cocoa–Chocolate Sourcing." Regional Studies 48, no. 5 (February 19, 2014): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.878799.

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17

Nathan, C. N. "Global Sourcing for New Commodity Yarn and Fabric Production." Journal of the Textile Institute 87, no. 3 (January 1996): 60–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009608659118.

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18

Serel, Doğan A. "Production and pricing policies in dual sourcing supply chains." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 76 (April 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2015.01.007.

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19

Tereyağoğlu, Necati, and Senthil Veeraraghavan. "Selling to Conspicuous Consumers: Pricing, Production, and Sourcing Decisions." Management Science 58, no. 12 (December 2012): 2168–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1545.

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20

Jain, Tarun, and Jishnu Hazra. "In-house Production and Sourcing Competition under Demand Uncertainties." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 3 (2015): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.284.

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21

Jin, Byoungho. "Achieving an optimal global versus domestic sourcing balance under demand uncertainty." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 24, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570410569056.

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As manufacturers face demand uncertainty and new retailing practices, such as filling frequent, small replenishment orders, agility has become an important competitive tool. By sourcing globally, manufacturing firms can reduce production costs, but may not be agile enough to meet retailers' needs on a timely basis. To minimize the cost/agility trade‐off, many firms are combining global and domestic sourcing. However, factors to be considered for mixed strategies have not been suggested. Based on Bucklin's concepts of postponement and speculation, this study tried to find the ideal point, “I”, at which the optimal amount of global and domestic sourcing can be formulated considering the total cost and delivery time simultaneously. In mixing domestic and global sourcing to reach the optimum profit, this study provided four conditions under which the larger portion of domestic sourcing can be formulated: greater level of demand uncertainly, information and manufacturing technology, local subcontractor clusters, and long‐term relationship with a subcontractor.

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22

Penfold, Robert B. "Risk, Activity Modularization, Sourcing, and Economic Geography." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 8 (August 2002): 1333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a34146.

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Economic geography is fundamentally concerned with describing spatial variation in the economic landscape and explaining the processes through which this geography takes form. Firms are the primary units through which these processes operate. I reinterpret portfolio theory to provide a novel way of explaining and modeling the spatial implications of control structures and organizational decisions within and between firms. In this paper, I argue that each activity of the firm is like an asset with an expected rate of return and a level of risk. Firms implement spatial strategies to manage risk that trade profits for reductions in risk. These strategies encourage geographic switching and perpetuate regional disequilibria in production technology and employment. Risk management and the structure of control in a production chain explain the geographic distribution of economic activity better than do transaction costs, flexible specialization, or agglomeration economies.

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23

Xie, Jiaping, Lihong Wei, Weisi Zhang, Yu Xia, and Jing Li. "A Responsive Pricing Grid Operator Sourcing from Competing Generators under Uncertain Supply and Demand." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 4061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154061.

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Electricity supply chains involve more sources of uncertainty than typical production and manufacturing supply chains, owing to the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation. Therefore, it is critical but challenging to mitigate supply disruption risks by improving management methods. The extant literature has mainly investigated the sourcing strategies of manufacturers with price-taking suppliers. Where there is an option to source from multiple generators, including regular but unreliable generators and reliable backup generators, a flexible sourcing strategy is usually regarded as the best tactic for the grid operator. Our objective is to evaluate the costs and benefits of flexible sourcing and sole sourcing when generators are strategic price-setters. In this paper, we develop a Stackelberg game with wholesale prices contingent on the dominant grid operator’s sourcing strategy. We describe and analyze the resulting equilibriums under different scenarios. The results show that the grid operator does not necessarily benefit from a backup generator and that the flexible sourcing mode is not in fact optimal, except when the disruption ratio of the unreliable generator is medium and the penalty-sharing ratio of the unreliable generator is low. The model is applied to a numerical case study of a real-word electricity supply chain to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed conclusions.

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Helio Yang, Y. "Post‐NAFTA production and sourcing development in the maquiladora program." Industrial Management & Data Systems 98, no. 6 (September 1998): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579810236733.

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Rea, Heather J., Jonathan R. Corney, Douglas E. R. Clark, John Pritchard, Micheal L. Breaks, and Roddy A. Macleod. "Part-sourcing in a Global Market." Concurrent Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a032004.

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The collaborative re-use of design and manufacturing data is one way that e-commerce can significantly reduce costs and lead times of new products in a demanding global market. This paper describes the development of a 3D Internet-based search engine, which will allow designers to locate parts already in production that have a similar shape to a desired 'newly designed' part. The project anticipates a time when manufacturers will post 3D computer-generated models of their product range on the Internet as a means of advertising their production capabilities (i.e., tooling). The models will either be uploaded to, or harvested from anywhere in the world by, the search engine, which will then analyse the models and store relevant feature indices in a database. To use the system a designer would upload a model of the desired part. The search engine then analyses the shape characteristics of the target model and performs a similarity match through a sieving technique as described in this paper. As a result, the designer is presented with a number of parts similar to the one uploaded. The designer may then modify the design to incorporate the closest matching part, or contact the company to quote for the original target model, as a variant of their existing product. The challenge of the research is to identify the key shape characteristics that produce meaningful representations of the 3D models for similarity comparison purposes. After reviewing the current literature on shape matching and describing the system architecture, this paper presents initial results of the matching capabilities of the search engine.

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Sobinska, Malgorzata, and Leslie Willcocks. "IT outsourcing management in Poland – trends and performance." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 60–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-10-2015-0024.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find how mature the Polish commercial production companies are in their information technology (IT) sourcing practices, what they do, the practices that are successful, the challenges experienced and the outcomes.The paper presents and critically evaluates the results of a study of IT outsourcing management processes in selected industrial enterprises operating in Poland. Dynamic business contexts, globalisation and advances in IT make the development of IT sourcing models challenging in both theory and practice. This paper examines the principles and practice of sourcing IT and business processes in Poland, a country much under-represented in the literature. Little research has been conducted on the strategic rationale behind IT sourcing decisions, the resulting challenges and the potential or actual consequences of such decisions. This paper addresses these gaps in the understanding of IT sourcing processes by way of examining the types of sourcing models and solutions among manufacturing companies operating in Poland, and by identifying the most problematic and critical factors in effective IT sourcing collaborations. The outcomes are assessed against findings from the broader empirical outsourcing literature, and lessons are drawn for Polish client firms and those in similar economies. Design/methodology/approach – A survey methodology of a limited number of organisations in Poland was used. The study was designed to address the process of managing IT sourcing relations in production companies operating in Poland. The main objective of the study was to formulate working hypotheses to be used in further research on the sourcing models used in the IT sphere. Additionally, the study was designed to provide information on: the potential respondent reactions to the research problem, the understanding of the notions and terms used in the survey questionnaire and the evaluation of the research instrument itself. Findings – Organisations (and their employees) are generally well aware of their IT needs, and that they select quite well providers that suit their particular requirements. In their selection processes, organisations carefully consider not only the providers’ experience and the range of services on offer but also their flexibility in response to the client’s demands, the location and the trust formed in the course of previous cooperation. Communication between the parties typically takes the form of telephone conversations and e-mails. The majority of respondents reported more than one type of problems faced in the course of outsourcing. Problems concentrated in the areas of communication (52 per cent) and organisation (48 per cent), followed by difficulties in enforcing the terms of the contract. Research limitations/implications – It is a selective sample, focuses only on production companies and does not look at the offshore outsourcing market that has grown up in Poland, but rather what domestic polish organisations do in their sourcing practices. Practical implications – The organisations still struggle with the organisation and management of relations with their external service providers while getting reasonable results. They have much to learn from the published literature on managing the outsourcing life cycle. Social implications – There is a need for better inter-organisational cooperation. Originality/value – Poland is very underrepresented in the outsourcing literature – there are no examples of surveys like this in the English literature.

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Lin, Feng, Jinzhao Shi, Peng Wu, and Xingxuan Zhuo. "Retailer’s Optimal Procurement Strategy under Supply Disruption and Stochastic Demand: Backup Sourcing or Simultaneous Sourcing." Complexity 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9612648.

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Practically, supply disruption may lead production process to entirely halt (completely disrupted) or the output to differ in the order size (partially disrupted), which makes it more difficult for the retailer to satisfy stochastic market demand. Under the circumstance, the retailer is likely to procure products from two suppliers to effectively alleviate the demand-supply mismatches. Thus, under supply disruption and stochastic demand, this paper develops both backup sourcing and simultaneous sourcing (SS) strategies to analyze the retailer’s performance, where backup sourcing includes wholesale price priority (WPP) and supply reliability priority (SRP). Specifically, (1) under WPP, when the selling price is relatively lower (higher), the retailer is suggested to activate the reliable backup supplier after the realization of supply disruption (demand uncertainty). (2) Under SRP, two scenarios including minor disruption and major disruption can be identified, where the retailer’s order quantity from the reliable (unreliable) supplier under minor disruption scenario is more (less) than that under major. (3) Finally, this paper systematically compares the retailer’s preferences among WPP, SRP, and SS via theoretical results and numerical examples. That is, when the unreliable supplier is more likely to work normally or shortage cost (selling price) is relatively lower, the retailer prefers SPR regarding the unreliable supplier as backup sourcing due to its lower wholesale price and acceptable supply disruption. Otherwise, the retailer is inclined to WPP regarding the reliable supplier as backup sourcing for ensuring all market demand to be satisfied. In addition, unless the emergency prices of two suppliers are extremely higher, backup sourcing strategies could perform better than simultaneous sourcing strategy.

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28

Kotabe, Masaaki. "Patterns and Technological Implications of Global Sourcing Strategies." Journal of International Marketing 1, no. 1 (March 1993): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9300100103.

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This study reports sourcing strategies used by European and Japanese multinational firms and their implications on the transferability of the firms’ product and manufacturing process technology. Globalization of markets has a strong impact on firms’ sourcing and marketing strategies. The results suggest the uncoupling of innovation location from actual production location. It is strongly motivated both by the growing competitive threat in the global marketplace and by the expectation of increased payoffs to rapid introduction of advanced product and manufacturing process innovations.

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Triadan, Daniela, Eduardo Gamboa Carrera, M. James Blackman, and Ronald L. Bishop. "SOURCING CHIHUAHUAN POLYCHROME CERAMICS: ASSESSING MEDIO PERIOD ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.52.

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Traditionally, the wide distribution of distinctive Chihuahuan polychrome ceramics has been interpreted as evidence for the extensive interaction sphere of Casas Grandes, or Paquime. The role of the major center of Paquime in the political and economic system is a crucial question in defining the nature and intensity of interactions in the Casas Grandes region and the extent of intraregional social and political integration. A large-scale, regional sourcing project using Chihuahuan polychrome ceramics provides new information on their production and distribution. It also demonstrates the limitations of ceramic sourcing analyses and presents a strong case for the fact that the underlying geology of a region determines the resolution at which ceramics can be attributed to production loci or resource procurement zones.

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Arroyo-López, María Del Pilar Ester, and José Antonio Ramos-Rangel. "The role of sourcing service agents in the competitiveness of Mexico as an international sourcing region." DYNA 82, no. 191 (June 22, 2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n191.51160.

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<p class="ADYNAAbstrac"><span lang="EN-GB">The purpose of this work was to explore and define the sourcing services of Mexican third parties in order to provide a better understanding of how they contribute to the attractiveness of the country as a low-cost production region. Given the exploratory nature of this research, the case study was the research method selected to collect relevant information. Two Mexican companies associated with global supply chains of different types—product-driven and buyer-driven—were selected as representative cases. Primary information was collected through in-depth personal interviews, site visits and secondary documents. The analysis of the two cases allowed the determination of the supplier governance structure and the assessment of the third parties’ contribution to the integration of local suppliers to global supply chains (GSC). In addition, the analysis contributes to the establishment of the value outsourcing services represent for international buyers as well.</span></p>

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Kim, Taebok, and Suresh Kumar Goyal. "Composite sourcing policy for multiple products on a single production facility." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 8, no. 1 (2011): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2011.037420.

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32

Pittinger, Charles A., Jere S. Sellers, Daniel C. Janzen, Dianne G. Koch, T. Michael Rothgeb, and Michael L. Hunnicutt. "Environmental life-cycle inventory of detergent-grade surfactant sourcing and production." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 70, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02545360.

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33

Jaisli, Isabel, Patrick Laube, Sonja Trachsel, Pascal Ochsner, and Sarah Schuhmacher. "Suitability evaluation system for the production and sourcing of agricultural commodities." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 161 (June 2019): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.02.002.

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34

Huang, He, Nengmin Zeng, and Hongyan Xu. "Procurement mechanism for dual sourcing and emergency production under capacity constraint." Computers & Industrial Engineering 119 (May 2018): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.03.019.

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35

Ikediego, Henry Oluchukwu, Mustafa Ilkan, A. Mohammed Abubakar, and Festus Victor Bekun. "Crowd-sourcing (who, why and what)." International Journal of Crowd Science 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-07-2017-0005.

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Purpose There is growing interest in innovative online problem-solving models such as crowdsourcing to serve individuals, firms and the society as a whole. Crowdsourcing is the combination of efforts from various sets of individuals who are either volunteering or working part-time for socioeconomic production, basically in the cyber world. This hybrid work model is already in use by businesses and entrepreneurs; some of the platforms include Amazon mechanical Turk, 99designs, Hit RECORD and Design Crowd. Design/methodology/approach Much has been parleyed and published, and this is primarily because of the efficient socioeconomic potentials crowdsourcing offers. Findings This paper addressed the following three questions to help have a better understanding of crowdsourcing: who can perform crowdsourcing? why it is relevant to crowdsource in this present proliferated internet age and if there are going to be some changes in the future and the last but not the least what can be done to promote it in the society? Originality/value This paper discusses the three W’s and concludes with challenges facing the crowdsourcing work model.

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Zeng, Ka. "“Exit” vs. “Voice”: Global Sourcing, Multinational Production, and the China Trade Lobby." Business and Politics 23, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2020.19.

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AbstractThis paper examines the influence of three different forms of global economic engagement on the lobbying behavior of US businesses with regard to trade relations with China: (a) input sourcing; (b) downstream export; and (c) vertical foreign direct investment. It will be hypothesized that firms involved in all three forms of global economic activities should have incentives to lobby over China-related trade issues in order to maintain unimpeded access to sources of supply or markets and to ensure the smooth operation of the entire supply chain. Going further, drawing on the exit-voice framework developed by Albert Hirschman (1972), it will be argued that compared to firms in those industries mainly involved in input sourcing from China, American multinational corporations that have verticalized their production should have even stronger incentives to engage in lobbying activities and “voice” their policy preferences due to their greater “sunk costs” and hence the higher cost of “exit.” Statistical analysis of the China trade-related lobbying activities of US firms between 2006 and 2016 lends substantial support to these conjectures.

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Calzado, Mercedes, and Vanesa Lio. "Television journalism, crime news and sourcing practices: findings from Argentina." MATRIZes 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v15i1p169-194.

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This paper presents the results of a research project on the new modes of production of television crime news. The enquiry involved monitoring television newscasts of the five major channels in Buenos Aires City and interviews with news workers. We analyze the news content, the ways of narrating and enunciating crime news on television, the role played by the police in the structure of the news, the emergence of new sources of information and the production routines of crime news. Our findings suggest that most of the newscasts on television give prominence to crime news within their agendas and that its production and presentation has changed as the result of the spread of digital technologies as sources of information.

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Dong, Binwei, Wansheng Tang, and Chi Zhou. "Strategic sourcing under recall loss sharing and product quality investment." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 1133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2019053.

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Product recall has been a widespread practical operation risk in the production outsourcing. To remit even avoid product recall risk, this paper considers a two-echelon supply chain where the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) orders a critical component from one or two contract manufacturers (CMs) and uses it to produce finished product with potential quality defect. The CMs can decide investment level to reduce defect possibility and share recall loss with the OEM once product recall is implemented. When the recall loss sharing rate is fixed, the OEM may adopt the single sourcing strategy or the dual sourcing strategy which depends on the recall loss sharing rate. Moreover, if the sharing rate is relatively small, the single sourcing strategy is an optimal choice for the OEM. However, when the recall loss sharing rate is determined by the OEM, she prefers to adopt the dual sourcing strategy. Meanwhile, an increase of the recall loss sharing rate may not force the CM to improve product quality. By the numerical analysis, if the marginal recall loss is large or the wholesale price is relatively small, the OEM and the CMs can reach a win-win scenario. Finally, we examine an extension in which the CMs have pricing ability on wholesale price, and the result shows that the OEM can not obtain a cost-reduction benefit under the dual sourcing strategy.

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Chen, Yu, Liyuan Liu, Victor Shi, Yibin Zhang, and Jing Zhu. "The Optimization of a Virtual Dual Production-Inventory System under Dynamic Supply Disruption Risk." Complexity 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7067502.

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Major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Olympic Games, and G20 Summit bring about supplier disruption risks and challenges to supply chain management. To help deal with these risks, a virtual dual-sourcing production-inventory system can be deployed. In this paper, we study such a system which consists of a raw material supplier, a manufacturer, and a virtual dual-sourcing contingency supplier. The manufacturer needs to determine the production, procurement, and inventory plan of raw materials. When its supplier is interrupted, the manufacturer may need to adjust the production and inventory plan and work with the contingency supplier. We develop a system dynamics method to simulate the operations in this production-inventory system to identify the approximately optimal order-up-to-level inventory policies. We find that the virtual dual production-inventory strategy can be the optimal contingency policy to deal with supplier dynamic disruption risks. Furthermore, for disruption risk with low frequency and long duration, the manufacturer should increase the safety inventory level before the disruption. Otherwise, it should increase the safety inventory level in every cycle.

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O'Hara, Jeffrey K., and Matthew C. Benson. "The impact of local agricultural production on farm to school expenditures." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 03 (November 7, 2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000552.

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AbstractThe implementation of farm to school programs and the use of local foods in US school meals have increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, supply constraints are often cited by school districts as an impediment to purchasing local foods. In this paper, we estimate the responsiveness of local food sourcing by schools in response to changes in local agricultural production. We test several hypotheses by merging data from the nationally administered 2015 Farm to School Census, which solicits information about local food sourcing from school districts, with Census of Agriculture data and other socio-economic data. We test whether local agricultural conditions influence the probability that a school district sources local foods, as well as the level of such purchases among the subset of school districts that are buying locally. We examine two types of local food purchases: local fluid milk purchases, which is the predominate food product that is locally sourced by schools, and local non-milk food purchases. We test the extent to which local purchases are influenced by local dairy production in the former case and local direct-to-consumer (DTC) agricultural production in the latter case. We find that the dairy and DTC agricultural production had a positive, although modest, impact on local milk and local non-milk purchases, respectively.We find that county-level average income and the percentage of residents in poverty, when statistically significant, had positive and negative, respectively, impacts on local sourcing. Interpreting the coefficients on some of our other control variables involves greater nuance. For instance, while the percentage of students eligible for free and reduced-price meals decreases the predicted probability of a school making local non-milk purchases, it has a positive impact on the level of expenditures. We also find that the number of students in a school district has a positive impact on local food expenditures. However, while county-level population has a positive impact on local food expenditures, it has a negative impact on the predicted probability that a school district sources local non-milk products.

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Emodi, Angela I., Chinyelu I. Nwokolo, and Joy A. Obiorah. "Training needs of melon (citrillus colocynthis (l.) schrad) farmers in Okigwe Agricultural Zones of Imo state, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.7.

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This study ascertained training needs of melon farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 melon farmers from 10 town communities in the selected rural households. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analysed using percentage and mean scores. Results from the study showed that the farmers training need in melon production among others were: sourcing of credit facilities ( x̄ =3.65), appropriate market information ( x̄ =3.58) and sourcing and training on fertilizer application ( x̄ =3.50). The main channel of communication among farmers was sales agents (hawkers) and marketers of melon products ( x̄ = 3.06). The major constraints to melon production were inadequate fund ( x̄ = 3.24), poor sales/ pricing system ( x̄ =3.15), low shelf life of processed melon products ( x̄ =3.11). Extension outfits should disseminate information and educate farmers on credit facilities, appropriate market and training on new techniques of how to cultivate melon in and out of season. Keywords: Households, agricultural extension, melon production

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Carey, Manus, Caroline Meharg, Paul Williams, Ernest Marwa, Xiao Jiujin, Júlia Gomes Farias, P. Mangala C. S. De Silva, et al. "Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain." Exposure and Health 12, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00330-y.

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AbstractArsenic in rice grain is dominated by two species: the carcinogen inorganic arsenic (the sum of arsenate and arsenite) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Rice is the dominant source of inorganic arsenic into the human diet. As such, there is a need to identify sources of low-inorganic arsenic rice globally. Here we surveyed polished (white) rice across representative regions of rice production globally for arsenic speciation. In total 1180 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. For inorganic arsenic the global $$\tilde{x}$$ x ~ was 66 μg/kg, and for DMA this figure was 21 μg/kg. DMA was more variable, ranging from < 2 to 690 μg/kg, while inorganic arsenic ranged from < 2 to 399 μg/kg. It was found that inorganic arsenic dominated when grain sum of species was < 100 μg/kg, with DMA dominating at higher concentrations. There was considerable regional variance in grain arsenic speciation, particularly in DMA where temperate production regions had higher concentrations. Inorganic arsenic concentrations were relatively consistent across temperate, subtropical and northern hemisphere tropical regions. It was only in southern hemisphere tropical regions, in the eastern hemisphere that low-grain inorganic arsenic is found, namely East Africa ($$\tilde{x}$$ x ~ < 10 μg/kg) and the Southern Indonesian islands ($$\tilde{x}$$ x ~ < 20 μg/kg). Southern hemisphere South American rice was universally high in inorganic arsenic, the reason for which needs further exploration.

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Meschnig, Gavin, and Lutz Kaufmann. "Consensus on supplier selection objectives in cross-functional sourcing teams." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 8 (September 7, 2015): 774–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2014-0129.

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Purpose – A key driver of procurement effectiveness is the alignment of the procurement function with interlinked functions, such as R & D, engineering, production, and marketing. In the strategic management literature, the degree of alignment of individual team members on strategic objectives is termed “consensus.” The purpose of this paper is to investigate antecedents of consensus on objectives in cross-functional sourcing teams, the relationship between the degree of consensus and supplier performance, and moderators of the consensus-performance relationship. To do so, it ties strategic management literature to SCM and supplier selection research. As a result of these investigations, this research holistically introduces the concept of consensus to the discipline. Design/methodology/approach – The study analyzes a sample of 88 sourcing teams (233 team members) from three manufacturing companies using regression analysis and moderated regressions. Findings – Consensus on objectives for supplier selection among sourcing team members is positively related to the selection of higher performing suppliers. Sourcing team member experience is positively related to the level of consensus, and formalization of the selection process positively moderates the consensus-performance relationship. Team demographic diversity does not affect consensus among team members or supplier selection effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – This study investigates consensus on objectives as a state within the sourcing team; it does not analyze how decision-making processes unfold in situations of low- or high-initial consensus among sourcing team members. Practical implications – This paper provides insights into the drivers and effects of consensus on objectives and formalization of supplier selection in cross-functional setups. Originality/value – This research addresses a gap in the SCM literature by investigating the role of consensus on objectives and thereby contributes to a better understanding of cross-functional sourcing team setups and effectiveness. The study introduces a key construct from the strategic management literature to supply management research, and empirical evidence shows how consensus can improve supplier selection performance.

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Tyni, Heikki. "Double Duty: Crowdfunding and the Evolving Game Production Network." Games and Culture 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 114–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412017748108.

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As independent game makers strive to tackle the demands of game production without the help of a traditional publisher, a familiar game production environment has started to evolve. Adopting a game production studies perspective, this article focuses on crowdfunding as a new channel for independent game development and the shifts crowdfunding causes in the game production network. Two successfully crowdfunded case examples— Bloodstained (2018), a digital game, and Conan (2016), a board game—are used to illustrate changes crowdfunding causes in the traditional game production environment. In removing the publisher as an “unnecessary” middleman, crowdfunded productions need to take care of the many tasks that used to belong to publishers, such as marketing, partner sourcing, distribution networks, and customer relationships. As projects turn to emerging production network intermediaries, their significance—as well as that of the crowdfunding backers—provides evidence to classify the crowdfunding model as a new game production logic.

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Wu, Di, Min Gong, Rui Peng, Xiangbin Yan, and Shaomin Wu. "Optimal Product Substitution and Dual Sourcing Strategy considering Reliability of Production Lines." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 202 (October 2020): 107037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107037.

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Salvador, F., C. Forza, and M. Rungtusanatham. "Modularity, product variety, production volume, and component sourcing: theorizing beyond generic prescriptions." Journal of Operations Management 20, no. 5 (April 26, 2002): 549–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6963(02)00027-x.

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Wheatley, Dawn. "A Typology of News Sourcing: Routine and Non-Routine Channels of Production." Journalism Practice 14, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1617042.

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Cantwell, Brendan. "Academic in-sourcing: international postdoctoral employment and new modes of academic production." Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 33, no. 2 (March 4, 2011): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360080x.2011.550032.

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Hodder, James E., and Yael A. Ilan. "Technology transfer and second sourcing when production costs follow an experience curve." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM-34, no. 1 (February 1987): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.1987.6498858.

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Bray, William A., George W. Chamberlain, and Addison L. Lawrence. "INCREASED LARVAL PRODUCTION OF Penaeus setiferus BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION DURING SOURCING CRUISES." Journal of the World Mariculture Society 13, no. 1-4 (March 12, 2009): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1982.tb00019.x.

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