Academic literature on the topic 'Productive agglomerates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Productive agglomerates"
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Cordeiro, Valéria Vital, Mirele Costa da Silva, Hélio Lucena Lira, Normanda Lino de Freitas, and Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa. "Porous Anisotropic Alumina Ceramic Membrane: Preparation and Characterization." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1485.
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Through different field of application and productive growth that membrane technology has been presented in the last years, the aim of this work is to prepare and characterize anisotropic porous ceramic membrane. The membrane were done with alumina, prepared by combustion reaction in microwave oven from urea as combustible and after deposited on support based on a commercial alumina. The results showed that it was obtained α-alumina as unique phase with average agglomerate size of 10µ and surface area of 33 m2/g. The alumina morphology was constituted by pre-sintering particles with hard agglomerates and/or aggregates. In relation to the membranes, it was observed a longitudinal section without cracks and uncovers support surface, also it can be observed grain formation well distributed and a layer of alumina with approximately 35.25µm. In relation to the permeate flux, the membrane presented initially values relatively high that is decrease with the permeation time, due to adsorption of water in the internal surface of the pores of the membrane, experiencing a decrease in size.
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Sikora, Michal, Petr Janík, Pavlína Pustějovská, and Simona Jursová. "The Anthracite as Sinter Fuels." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0088.
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Abstract The chapter deals with the use of traditional carbonaceous fuels in the production of agglomerates. An important part is focused primarily on the use of these carbonaceous fuels in the production of various types of agglomerate. Anthracite together with coke breeze was tested as a fuel to assess the substitution of coke dust by anthracite for technological and qualitative parameters of sintering.
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Del Pino, Jose Claudio, Anildo Bristoti, and Mario Pinheiro. "ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER ARTIFACTS USED IN SHOE MANUFACTURING AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 1, no. 1 (December 20, 1993): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v1.n1.1993.28_1993.pdf.
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Sugar cane bagasse is a common byproduct of the aZaohoZ and sugar industries. In the present work, we describe the preparation of elastomeric agglomerates containing SBR [poly(styrene-butadiene)] and bagasse or kaolin as inert filler. The experimental results and a series of laboratory and field tests show that the sugar cane bagasse agglomerate can be very appropriate and useful for practical applications, especially in the manufacture of shoe soles.
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Kinoshita, Takahiro, and Atsushi Sugihashi. "Design and optimization of a slot antenna for microwave heating of agglomerates." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 1886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2017-0127.
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Purpose The microwave heating technique can be used in the production of iron for productivity improvement when the consumption of low-quality iron ore increases. Iron-containing dust agglomerates are an important source of iron; however, the crushing strength of raw agglomerates is low, which decreases the yield owing to breaking. Therefore, they need to be dried using a “band dryer” to reduce the amount of excess water and improve their crushing strength. This paper aims to present the structure of an antenna that efficiently provides microwave energy to the agglomerate layer inside the band dryer. Design/methodology/approach Electromagnetic field analysis and experiments that simulate inside the band dryer were performed to evaluate the radiation efficiency of the slot antenna for microwave heating of the agglomerate layer in the presence of a metal conveyor. Findings The results show that slot height should be larger than the antenna position from the metal conveyor and smaller than the sum of the antenna position and quarter of the guide wavelength, to maximize the radiation efficiency of the antenna. By satisfying this condition, the radiation efficiency was higher than 75 per cent in the experiments. Originality/value This paper presents for the first time the optimum relation between slot height and antenna position to apply the microwave heating technique to iron-containing agglomerates in a band dryer.
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Zanghellini, Benjamin, Patrick Knaack, Sebastian Schörpf, Karl-Heinz Semlitsch, Helga C. Lichtenegger, Bernhard Praher, Maria Omastova, and Harald Rennhofer. "Solvent-Free Ultrasonic Dispersion of Nanofillers in Epoxy Matrix." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020308.
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Dispersion of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers is a crucial processing step in the production of polymer-based nanocomposites and poses a great challenge due to the tendency of nanofillers to agglomerate. One of the most effective methods for dispersion is the use of a three-roll mill, which is a well-established method and results in agglomerates below 5 µm. Nevertheless, this process is time-consuming and thus a limiting factor for industrial applications. Our aim was to establish an easy and efficient ultrasonic dispersion process, characterize the dispersion parameters, and compare both methods, ultrasonication and the three-roll mill. We applied rheological tests and analyzed the agglomerate sizes by an image fit of the microscopy images. All these analyses combined deliver a valuable set of information about the dispersion’s quality and, therefore, allows the improvement and further adaptation of the dispersion process.
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Noël, Alexandra, and Ginette Truchon. "Inhaled Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Review of Their Pulmonary Responses with Particular Focus on the Agglomeration State." Nano LIFE 05, no. 01 (March 2015): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984414500081.
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Nanotechnology represents major scientific and economic issues for the future. TiO 2 is used as a reference nanoparticle (NP) for research and workplace exposure assessments due to its important industrial production. However, to date little consistent information exists about its human health effects. Approximately 50% of all TiO 2in vivo studies targeting the respiratory tract have been by inhalation and these exposures are often in the form of agglomerates rather than as individual NPs. Therefore, the size of the NP agglomerates represents the effective size interacting with the biological material and could thereby influence the NP mechanisms of action. Thus, interpretation of nanotoxicological data without considering the agglomeration state could partly explain the heterogeneous results found in the scientific literature for TiO 2 NPs. The objective of this review is to examine the literature concerning the importance of TiO 2 aerosol characterization in the assessment of pulmonary toxicity in rodents. In this way, this review reveals that the pulmonary responses following inhalation of TiO 2 NPs might not depend solely on the primary NP size, but also on the crystal phase, the NP agglomerate size, its structure and the mass concentration. It also shows that TiO 2 NPs may exert their toxicity mechanisms specifically because of the size of their agglomerates in aerosols, thus supporting the concept that aerosols composed essentially of small (< 100 nm) or large (> 100 nm) NP agglomerates do not seem to follow the same pulmonary toxicity mechanisms.
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Vasylkiv, Oleg, Yoshio Sakka, and Valeriy Skorokhod. "Synthesis and Properties of Multimetal Oxide Nanopowders via Nano-Explosive Technique." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.125.
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We demonstrate the methodology of engineering the multi-component ceramic nanopowder with precise morphology by ‘nano-blast’ calcinations decomposition of preliminary engineered nanoreactors. Multiple explosions of just melted C3H6N6O6 embedded into preliminary engineered nanoreactors break apart the agglomerates due to the highly energetic impacts of the blast waves. Also, the solid-solubility of one component into the other is enhanced by the extremely high local temperature generated during each nano-explosion in surrounding area. This methodology was applied for production of agglomerate-free nanoaggregates of Gd20Ce80O1.95 with an average size of 42 nm and LaSrGaMgO3-x nanopowder with an average aggregate size of 83 nm.
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V, Bochka, Tarakanov A, Sova A, Boyko M, Yaholnyk M, and Dvoiehlazova A. "Improving the technology production of quality agglomerate." Theory and practice of metallurgy 1, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.1.2019.01.
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Purpose. The existing technological scheme of agglomeration does not allow obtaining a amount of agglomerate stabilized by size and strength with a small amount of trifle. The aim of the work is theoretical substantiation and development of measures to improve agglomerate production technology in modern conditions on the basis of the results of the study of effective methods of separate preparation of the charge before sintering, as well as methods of mechanical processing of sintered agglomerate in devices of special construction. Methodology. The analysis of the basic thermodynamic parameters and phase composition for the components of the sinter charge was carried out using the software complex HSC Chemistry 5.11. Investigation of the effect of separate preparation of the charge with the use of pre-prepared composites on the parameters of sintering and the quality of agglomerate was carried out in the laboratory of the department metallurgy of cast iron NMetAU at the aggregate for sintering. The determination of the effectiveness of the proposed measures was carried out by mechanical processing of agglomerates obtained after the classical and proposed scheme of preparation of the charge. The quality of the obtained agglomerate was estimated using indicators: uniformity of the granulometric composition, content of trifles, strength indicators after discharge to the steel plate [DSTU 3199-95], coefficient of shape of pieces of different sizes, chemical composition. Findings. It has been determined that the use of separate preparation of the charge has a positive effect: significantly decreases the amount of fraction 0-1 mm and increases the equivalent diameter of the granules; diminishes the mean square deviation and variation coefficient, indicating a more homogeneous granulometric composition of raw granules. The efficiency of separate preparation of a charge with the use of composite with the basicity of 0.9-1.0 is confirmed from a concentrate (size 0-0.1 mm), iron ore (0-3 mm), lime (0-3 mm) and limestone (0-3 mm) and residual blend with the basicity of 1.6-1.8 from iron ore (3-10 mm), sinter return (0-10 mm) and limestone (0-3 mm). Originality. The idea of interaction of different components of agglomeration charge during the separate processes of humidification and laceration is developed. The possibility of forming more homogeneous in size and composition of granules is substantiated, by their separate origin not only around large pieces of backs and ores, but also due to the separate interaction of small components with active surface properties, and subsequent joint granulation of the embryos of granules with the residual charge. It is shown that depending on the given conditions, at the stage of separate preparation of the charge, a binder part is formed predominantly of iron-calcium olivines and calcium ferrites. Practical value. Technological recommendations for increasing the efficiency of preparation of sinter charge to sintering and practical recomendations for the design and technological parameters of the drum-stabilizer work, which ensures the stabilization of agglomerate.
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Goncharov, I. A., L. I. Fajnberg, A. A. Rybakov, and A. V. Netyaga. "Analysis of applicability of slag crust in production of agglomerated fluxes." Paton Welding Journal 2016, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.02.07.
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Machiya, Koji, Keiichi Koga, Takashi Mukuta, Shigeru Moriki, Kooji Kagara, and Hiroshi Ooshima. "Production of Spherical Agglomerates of Cephalosporin Antibiotic Crystals." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 41, no. 11 (2008): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.08we178.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Productive agglomerates"
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Knoll, Katiane Rossi Haselein. "Análise de cooperação entre organizações do setor de vitivinicultura da região fronteira – oeste do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil e a região norte e noroeste do Uruguai." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riu/2965.
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Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender como ocorre o processo de cooperação em aglomerados produtivos de vitivinicultura na Região Fronteira Oeste do estado Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil e na Região Norte e Noroeste do Uruguai. Para atingir este objetivo desenvolveuse um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo, onde a seleção dos respondentes se deu pela técnica bola de neve. Para isso, a coleta dos dados ocorreu por entrevistas, observações e análise documental, sendo possível a realização de triangulação dos dados. Ainda, os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo, através de categorização. Após, para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa, fez-se necessária a confrontação das informações teóricas com dados empíricos. Então, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa nas duas regiões propostas, com entrevistas de dezenove respondentes representantes de organizações dos aglomerados de vitivinicultura. Através do estudo, pode-se observar[1] que ocorrem duas categorias de cooperação na Região Fronteira-Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo a Bilateral Vertical e a Bilateral Horizontal. Já na Região Norte e Noroeste do Uruguai existem três categorias de cooperação das quatro analisadas, sendo: a Cooperação Bilateral Vertical, a Multilateral Vertical e a Multilateral Horizontal. Não se identificou categorias de cooperação entre as aglomerações dos dois países pesquisados. Com isso, verificou-se que nesses clusters existem apenas algumas trocas de informações, de modo informal. Destacam-se algumas limitações para o desenvolver do estudo, como, a língua oficial do Uruguai ser o Espanhol, o que fez com que a pesquisadora tivesse que contratar uma entrevistadora fluente no idioma, e a resistência de possíveis entrevistados, em relação ao contato inicial para agendamento das entrevistas, dificultando a entrada em campo da pesquisadora. Como estudos futuros, sugere-se o aprofundamento na pesquisa sobre cooperação entre organizações do Brasil e do Uruguai. Outros estudos nos aglomerados produtivos de vitivinicultura nessas regiões também podem ser realizados, abordando temas sobre: governança em clusters; estudo do ciclo de vida do aglomerado; relacionamentos do aglomerado com as instituições de apoio; políticas públicas de apoio às aglomerações produtivas no Brasil e no Uruguai e seus principais resultados. Pesquisas quantitativas também podem ser realizadas, um exemplo seria o desenvolvimento de indicadores para mensurar o nível de cooperação, ou o nível de competitividade, entre os aglomerados de vitivinicultura ou de diferentes cadeias produtivas do Brasil e do Uruguai. Por fim, pode-se dizer que os objetivos da pesquisa foram atingidos.
The objective of this thesis was to understand how the cooperation process occurs in productive agglomerates of viticulture in the West Frontier Region of Rio Grande do Sul state - Brazil and in the North and Northwest Region of Uruguay. To achieve this goal a case study was developed, with a detailed character, where the snowball technique made the selection of the interviewed. For this, the data collection was done through interviews, observations, and documentary analysis, being possible to perform data triangulation. Data were analyzed by content analysis, through categorization. Afterwards, to reach the objective of the research, it became necessary to face the theoretical information with empirical data. Therefore, the study was developed in the two proposed regions, with interviews of nineteen interviewed representing the viticulture agglomerates organizations. Through the research, it can be observed that there are two cooperation categories in the Border-West Region of Rio Grande do Sul, comprising Bilateral Vertical and Bilateral Horizontal. In the North and Northwest Region of Uruguay, there are three cooperation categories of the four analyzed: Bilateral Vertical Cooperation, Multilateral Vertical, and Multilateral Horizontal. No cooperation categories were identified between the agglomerations of the two countries surveyed. As a result, it has been found that in these clusters there are only a few informal exchanges of information. Some limitations to develop the study are highlighted, such as the official language of Uruguay - Spanish, which meant that the researcher had to hire a fluent interviewer in the language, and the resistance of possible interviewees about the initial contact to schedule the interviews, making it difficult for the researcher. As future studies, it is suggested to deepen the research on cooperation between organizations in Brazil and Uruguay. Other studies in wine-producing agglomerations in these regions can also be carried out, addressing topics on governance in clusters; study of the agglomerate life cycle; relationships of the agglomerate with the supporting institutions; public policies to support productive agglomerations in Brazil and Uruguay and their primary results. Quantitative research can also be carried out. One example would be the development of indicators to measure the cooperation level or the competitiveness level between the agglomerates of viticulture or different production chains in Brazil and Uruguay. Finally, it can be said that the objectives of the research have been achieved.
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Gomes, Tereza Cristina Lacerda. "Aglomerações produtivas e desenvolvimento local : arranjos produtivos locais da amêndoa da castanha-de-caju nos municípios de Barreira e Pacajus no Estado do Ceará." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28728.
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O panorama internacional do agronegócio do caju, a estrutura de mercado e o padrão tecnológico sugerem que as vantagens comparativas do Brasil podem ser potencializadas. A temática central deste estudo foi a análise da dinâmica dos fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento econômico de arranjos produtivos locais da amêndoa da castanha-de-caju nos Municípios de Barreira e Pacajus no Estado do Ceará. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Os dados primários foram coletados com questionário estruturado para gestores das empresas e semi-estruturado para representantes dos órgãos de apoio e especialistas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a dinâmica organizacional nos APLs possui predominância de sistemas produtivos intensivos em mão-deobra e com técnicas de processamento da castanha-de-caju que minimizam os impactos da baixa qualidade da matéria-prima sobre a cadeia agroexportadora; a estratégia realizada emergente é a mais freqüente nos aglomerados; não houve promoção de eventos de capacitação pelas empresas. O aprendizado a partir de fontes internas foi percebido apenas pelo segmento agroindustrial e a geração de inovações limitada ao segmento agrícola. Quanto à adoção de inovações, foi inexpressiva nos APLs e está fortemente associada às condições socioeconômicas dos empresários. A dinâmica inter-organizacional mostrou que prevaleceram os canais de comercialização com intermediação na compra da castanha-de-caju e estruturas de coordenação híbridas. A cooperação para a venda conjunta foi verificada nos dois casos e para a compra de matéria-prima pelas agroindústrias de Pacajus. O aprendizado a partir de fontes externas teve maior expressividade que o interno e abrangeu o segmento agrícola nos dois aglomerados e, no elo agroindustrial de Pacajus. O processo de transmissão de conhecimentos foi intenso em todos os segmentos, sem regularidade e conduzido de modo informal. Os esforços conjuntos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento por parte dos agentes nos APLs se verificaram apenas no segmento agroindustrial. As inovações tiveram como principais centros de difusão as próprias fontes geradoras e empresários, e o processo ocorreu principalmente de modo informal. A interação entre os ambientes institucional e organizacional sugeriu a necessidade dos agentes repensarem as posições e condutas, para que ocorra a complementaridade entre as visões prática e técnico-científica/gerencial nos aglomerados. O estudo confirmou que quando originada e/ou fortalecida por uma ação empreendedora endógena, a aglomeração de empresas sob a forma de arranjo produtivo local contribui de modo mais expressivo para o desenvolvimento econômico, mas o apoio institucional é relevante. Os fatores críticos de sucesso para os aglomerados são as deficientes condições socioeconômicas dos empresários e as dificuldades de acesso ao crédito, sendo que em Pacajus também se observou a baixa qualidade da matéria-prima, a elevada tributação e aspectos culturais. As políticas prioritárias são de fomento financeiro para a viabilização da adoção de inovações tecnológicas, melhoria de preços para os produtos e o suprimento de matérias-primas para as agroindústrias; e capacitação, assistência técnica e acesso ao conhecimento para todos os elos da cadeia para minimizar a assimetria de informações nos APLs.The international overview of cashew agribusiness, as well as the market structure and the technological pattern have suggested that comparative advantages of Brazil can be more powerful. The main thematic of this study was the analysis for the determinant factors dynamics of the economical development of local productive arrangements of cashew nut shelled from both Barreira and Pacajus cities, in Ceará state. The methodology embraced bibliographical researches, documental and case study. The primary data were collected with a structured questionnaire for companies’ managers and semi-structured for both representatives of the support organizations and specialists as well. The results have allowed to conclude that the organizational dynamics in APLs possesses predominance of intensive productive systems in labor and cashew nut processing techniques that minimize the impacts of the raw material low quality on agriexporter chain; the emergent accomplished strategy is the most frequent in the agglomerates; there were not companies training events. The learning from internal sources was noticed only by the agri-industrial segment and the generation of limited innovations for the agricultural segment. On the other hand, the innovations adoption was inexpressive in APLs and it is strongly associated to entrepreneurs' economical conditions. The inter-organizational dynamics has shown that the commercialization channels prevailed with intermediation in the purchase of chestnut and hybrid coordination structures. The cooperation for united sale was verified in two cases and for raw material purchase by Pacajus agri-industries. The learning from external sources had larger expressiveness than internal and it embraced the agricultural segment in both agglomerates and agri-industrial Pacajus link. The knowledge transmition process was intense in all segments, without regularity and informally led. The agents’ united efforts in research and development in APLs were verified just in the agri-industrial segment. The main innovations diffusion centers were entrepreneurs themselves generating sources and the process happened mainly in an informal way. The interaction between both institutional and organizational atmospheres have suggested agents' necessity of rethinking positions and conducts, for the complementarity to happen among practice and technical-scientific/management visions in the agglomerates. The study has confirmed that when originated and/or strengthened by an endogenous enterprising action, the gathering of companies under the form of local productive arrangement contributes in a more expressive way to the economical development, but the institutional support is also relevant. The critical success factors for agglomerates are the entrepreneurs' deficient economical conditions and the credit access difficulties, since in Pacajus itself was also observed the raw material low quality, the high government taxation and cultural aspects. The priority policies are financial fomentation for the adoption viabilization of technological innovations, products prices improvement and raw material supply for agri-industries, training, technical attendance and knowledge access for all the chain links to minimize the information asymmetry in APLs.
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Galbraith, Matthew Dominic. "Further studies on AGA production by Pantoea agglomerans strain Eh1087." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6785.
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Pantoea agglomerans strain Eh1087 produces the phenazine antibiotic Dalanylgriseoluteic acid (AGA). A cluster of 16 genes has previously been shown to be responsible for the production of, and resistance to, AGA. The present study has refined and tested a number of hypotheses arising from the preliminary characterisation of the AGA pathway.
The products of the first five genes of the AGA cluster, Group 1, are similar to proteins responsible for phenazine-1-carboxy lie acid by fluorescent pseudomonads. However, Eh1087 appears to be missing a duplication of the ehpA gene, and it was hypothesised that EhpA was responsible for the ability of Eh1087 to produce both phenazine-1- carboxylic acid and phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic. Comparison of EhpA to related proteins of known structure suggested a catalytic function, and EhpA was found to influence the relative amounts of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and phenazine-1,6- dicarboxylic acid produced by Group 1.
The final step in the AGA pathway is the addition of a D-alanyl residue to griseoluteic acid to form AGA, and is catalysed by the EhpMNO proteins. The previous model for AGA biosynthesis suggested that EhpM was an integral membrane protein and that EhpMNO operated in the periplasm. EhpM and EhpN are similar to components of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, while EhpO is similar to ketosynthases involved in fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. Comparison of EhpM with known structures, and preliminary analysis of the subcellular location of EhpMNO suggest that these proteins may be localised to the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane, rather than the periplasm.
An Eh1087 transposon-mutant with an insertion that affected the expression of glnA was isolated. This mutant lacked glutamine synthetase, and was, therefore, not able to incorporate labelled nitrogen from ammonium sulphate, via glutamine, into phenazines. It was concluded that glutamine is the source of the two nitrogen atoms of the phenazine nucleus. In addition, the function of the putative Eh1087 glnA locus was confirmed by complementation of an E.coli glnA mutant and the gene found to encode a type I glutamine synthetase typical of the Enterobacteriaceae.
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Jarray, Ahmed. "Mesoscopic modeling, experimental and thermodynamic approach for the prediction of agglomerates structures in granulation processes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15112/1/jarray.pdf.
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Wet granulation process requires the addition of a coating agent or binder, typically composed of surfactants, water, plasticizers and fillers. In dry granulation however, the coating agent is added to the system in the form of fine solid particles. Our goals are to investigate the particles behaviour and agglomeration mechanism in dry and aqueous systems at the micro and meso scales, and also, to develop predictive methodologies and theoretical tools of investigation allowing to choose the adequate binder and to formulate the right coating solution. In this study we chose materials widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, including; coating agents such as Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) and Ethyl cellulose (EC), binders such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), hydrophobic filler such as Stearic acid (SA) and plasticizer such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG). A successful granulation requires good affinity between host and guest particles. In this context, in the first part of this work, two approaches to predict the binder-substrate affinity in dry and in aqueous media were compared; one based on the work of adhesion and the other based on the ideal tensile strength. The concept of ideal tensile strength was extended to ternary systems and applied for granulation in aqueous media. The developed approaches were thereafter tested for various systems (composed of PVP, MCC, HPMC, SA, EC, PEG and water) and compared to experimental observations. Approaches yielded results in good agreement with the experimental observations, but the work of adhesion approach might give more accurate affinity predictions on the particles affinity than the ideal tensile strength approach. Both approaches predicted that HPMC is a good binder for MCC. Results also indicated that PEG has a good affinity with HPMC and SA. In a second part of our work, we used mesoscale simulations and experimental techniques to investigate the structure of agglomerates formed in aqueous colloidal formulations used in coating and granulation processes. For the simulations, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and a coarse-grained approach were used. In the DPD method, the compounds were described as a set of soft beads interacting according to the Flory-Huggins model. The repulsive interactions between the beads were evaluated using the solubility parameter (δ) as input, where, δ was calculated by all-atom molecular simulations. The mesoscale simulation results were compared to experimental results obtained by Cryogenic-SEM, particle size distribution analysis and DSC technique. According to the DPD simulations, HPMC polymer is a better stabilizing agent for SA than PVP and MCC. In addition, HPMC is able to cover the SA particle with a thick layer ant to adsorb in depth into its inner core, preventing SA agglomeration and crystal growth. But, for high amounts of SA (above 10% (w/w)), HPMC is unable to fully stabilize SA. We also found that PEG polymer diffuses inside HPMC chains thereby extending and softening the composite polymer. Experimental results presented similar trends; particle size distribution analysis showed that in the presence of HPMC, for low percentages of SA (below 10% (w/w)), the majority of SA particles are below 1 μm in diameter. SEM images revealed that HPMC surrounds SA crystals with a hatching textured film and anchors on their surface.
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Williamson, J. J. "Investigation into the biotechnological applications of Pantoea agglomerans for the production of high value terpenoids such as taxadiene." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43555/.
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Plant derived terpenoids represent a diverse class of chemicals with important roles such as fragrances, flavours and pharmaceuticals as well as high value medicinal compounds such as the antimalarial Artemisinin and the anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel (Taxol). High volume production of these products can be difficult due to reliance on plant production or economic difficulties in synthetic production. These high value terpenoids represent an interesting challenge to metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, not only the requirement to produce these chemicals at scale, but also because novel products can be developed via the intermediates of these pathways. Research into methods of microbial production of Taxol and its derivatives have focused on the engineering of Escherichia coli and the precursor pathways leading to geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), since GGPP is the last non-dedicated precursor to Taxol. The work reported here has taken a different approach and has instead attempted to utilise natural diversity in search of a better host for production of these high value terpenoids, by selecting an organism that already produces a large amount of GGPP. As well as being a precursor to Taxol, GGPP can also be converted into carotenoid pigments such as lycopene, β-carotene and zeaxanthin. Therefore production of carotenoids can be used as a surrogate measure for predicting how well a species will perform in the production of heterologous isoprenoids. Genes for carotenoid biosynthesis from Pantoea species have been used in many heterologous expression experiments, however Pantoea have not been considered as a possible chassis for the production of isoprenoids. As a relatively close phylogenetic relative to E.coli, these Gram negative bacteria are easily transformable, genetically tractable and many tools which have been developed for E. coli function in Pantoea. The work reported here addresses the developments of tools and techniques to assess the ability of Pantoea agglomerans to produce terpenoids including lycopene and taxadiene. The tools developed included: 1) a range of promoters, which were characterised in E. coli and P. agglomerans for their regulation of lycopene biosynthesis, 2) methods for the editing of the genome of P. agglomerans and 3) a range of vectors for the expression of the first 3 dedicated steps in Taxol biosynthesis, taxadiene synthase (txs), taxadiene 5α hydroxylase and taxadiene-5α-ol-O-acetyl transferase (5α) and taxane 10β-hydroxylase (10β). These genes initially could not be cloned in an operon together due to apparent toxicity. However by designing measures to minimise the burden imposed it was possible to express all four enzymes, of the three step process in P. agglomerans. This work discusses the difficulties associated with working with a less well characterised organism (such as P. agglomerans), how we overcame these issues and the unexpected phenotypes exhibited by this genus.
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Bragueto, Claudio Roberto. "O aglomerado urbano-industrial de Londrina: sua constituição e dinâmica industrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-28042007-095032/.
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O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender a dinâmica industrial do Aglomerado Urbano-Industrial de Londrina, considerando que no processo de reestruturação produtiva, as transformações vão se manifestar também nas cidades médias. Assim como o estado do Paraná o Aglomerado Urbano-Industrial de Londrina, formado pela cidade média de Londrina e seu entorno, a partir de 1992 passou a apresentar desenvolvimento industrial importante., porém acentuando o caráter desigual deste desenvolvimento. A dinâmica industrial recente apresenta dois processos distintos: o primeiro está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de setores industriais tradicionais na região, intensivos em mão-de-obra e diretamente relacionados a empresas de pequeno e médio porte, cuja origem do capital é local/regional, além dos ramos industriais diretamente vinculados a forte base agropecuária da região. O segundo está relacionado ao processo de concentração e centralização social e espacial da reprodução do capital, vinculando-se ao processo de transferências industriais, em geral da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Na maioria dos casos as empresas foram beneficiadas pelos incentivos fiscais do governo estadual, por intermédio do Programa Paraná Mais-Empregos e invariavelmente receberam incentivos municipais. De fundamental importância para a dinâmica industrial do Aglomerado foi a provisão das condições gerais de produção historicamente estabelecidas, que propiciaram uma intensa integração, quer entre os municípios que o compõe, quer intensificando e modificando as relações históricas estabelecidas com o estado de São Paulo e sua região metropolitana, pólo hegemônico industrial brasileiro. Isso nos leva a reforçar a hipótese inicial de nosso trabalho de que, as condições gerais de produção historicamente estabelecidas têm um peso fundamental no desenvolvimento regional e que, a atuação do Estado na provisão dessas condições tem um alcance social e regional amplo, enquanto os programas vinculados à guerra fiscal são essencialmente concentradores, social e regionalmente.The main objective of this work is to understand the industrial dynamics of (Aglomerado Urbano-Industrial de Londrina), considering that in the process of productive reorganization, the transformations go to also disclose themselves in the medium cities. The Aglomerado Urbano-Industrial de Londrina is formed by the medium city of Londrina and its neighborhood. As well as the state of the Paraná, the Urban-Industrial Agglomerate of Londrina, since 1992 started to present an important industrial development, however accents this unequal character. The recent industrial dynamics presents two distinct processes: the first one is related to the development of traditional industrial sectors in the region, intensive in man power and directly related the companies of small and medium size, whose origin of the capital is local/regional, beyond the industrial branches directly tied the strong farming base of the region. The second is related to the both processes: concentration and social-spatial centralization of the capital reproduction, associated to the industrial transferences process, in general of the Region Metropolitan of São Paulo. Frequently, the companies had been benefited by the tax incentives of the state government, for intermediary of the Paraná Mais-Empregos Program and certainly they had received municipal incentives. Very important for the industrial dynamics of the Agglomerated was the provision of the general conditions of production historically established, that had favored an intense integration among these cities, or intensifying and modifying the historical relations established with the state of São Paulo and its metropolitan region, the hegemonic pole industrial of Brazil. This strengthen the initial hypothesis of our work, that the general conditions of production historically established have a great importance in the regional development and the performance of the State in providing these conditions has an ample social and regional reach, while the programs related to the fiscal war are essentially social and regional concentrative.
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Claret, Carole. "Métabolismes oxydatif et fermentaire du glycérol chez les bactéries : étude physiologique et cinétique de sa conversion en dihydroxyacétone et en 1,3-propanediol." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0034.
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L'etude cinetique et physiologique de la conversion du glycerol en dihydroxyacetone par gluconobacter oxydans montre que cette fermentation est soumise a une double inhibition. L'effet inhibiteur du substrat se manifeste par une diminution des cinetiques de croissance et de production avec l'augmentation de la teneur en glycerol, modelisee par des lois de type exponentiel. Cet effet est essentiellement lie a l'abaissement de l'activite de l'eau par les concentrations elevees en substrat. L'inhibition par la dha se manifeste tout d'abord par une diminution des cinetiques de croissance et d'oxydation du substrat (faibles concentrations) puis par un blocage du developpement cellulaire et de la synthese de dha (concentrations elevees). Ces phenomenes, modelises par des lois de levenspiel, ont ete attribues a la forte reactivite de la dha avec les enzymes cytoplasmiques et impliques dans le transport du glycerol et avec la glycerol deshydrogenase membranaire, responsable de la formation de dha. Un procede bi-phasique mono-etage, integrant ces contraintes biologiques, a alors ete mis au point, permettant d'ameliorer les performances fermentaires de cette transformation. Le metabolisme fermentaire du glycerol a ete aborde sous un angle microbiologique. Deux micro-organismes responsables de la degradation du glycerol au sein d'une flore microbienne anaerobie ont ete isoles et caracterises: clostridium butyricum cncm 1. 1211, qui transforme le glycerol en 1,3-propanediol et butyrate avec des rendements de conversion respectifs de 0,66 et 0,13; enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1. 1210, espece nouvellement decrite pour ses capacites d'assimilation du glycerol et de conversion de ce substrat en acetate et 1,3-propanediol (rendements respectifs de 0,25 et 0,7). La preponderance du role joue par le systeme accepteur final d'equivalents reducteurs sur la regulation du metabolisme fermentaire quelle que soit l'espece microbienne etudiee a egalement ete definie
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Moreira, André Carvalhido. "Desenvolvimento de uma máquina hidráulica semiautomática, componente mecânica, para o fabrico de componentes a partir de derivados de madeira." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28196.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia MecânicaEste trabalho incide sobre a necessidade gerada de criação de um equipamento que permita produzir pequenas peças de aglomerado de partículas com reaproveitamento de resíduos de madeira, especialmente a serradura de pinho, resultante da serração de toros de pinheiro. A inexistência ou total desconhecimento da existência de um equipamento que possa servir de base para o atual projeto, levou à necessidade de inovar e realizar de um projeto de raiz em que a Engenharia de Produto existente, obtida de uma forma mais artesanal, produz parte dos requisitos necessários ao projeto do equipamento. O modelo escolhido de equipamento criado foi dimensionado satisfazendo os requisitos, com recurso a métodos analíticos, validados ao longo do trabalho a partir de diversas ferramentas informáticas e ensaios experimentais. Para análises pelo método dos deslocamentos foi utilizado o software CYPE e para análises pelo método de elementos finitos foi utilizado o software Solidworks Simulation.
This work focuses on the need to create a generated equipment to produce small pieces of agglomerate particles with reuse of waste wood, especially pine sawdust, resulting from sawing pine logs. The lack or total ignorance of the existence of a device that can serve as the basis for the current project, led to the need to innovate and perform a root project where the existing Product Engineering, obtained a more handmade, produces some of the requirements for the equipment design. The model chosen equipment created was initially dimensioned meeting the requirements, using analytical methods, validated over the work from various computer tools and experimental tests. For analysis by the displacement method was used CYPE software and analyzes by finite element method was used SolidWorks Simulation software.
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Williams, Anna M. "Instant milk powder production : determining the extent of agglomeration : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1439.
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Agglomerated milk powders are produced to give improved properties such as flowability, dispersibility, reduced dustiness and decreased bulk density. A key function of these powders is to dissolve "instantly" upon addition to water and because of this they are also called "instant milk powders". They are produced by agglomerating the undersized fines that are returned to the top of the spray drier with milk concentrate droplet spray. Interaction occurs in a collision zone, often with multiple sprays and fines return lines. Agglomeration can be a difficult process to control and operators find it hard to fine tune the process to produce specific powder properties. This work aimed to understand the effects of key droplet and fines properties on the extent of agglomeration to allow a mechanistic understanding of the process. Three scales of spray drier were investigated in this study with different rates of evaporation; a small scale drier (0.5 - 7 kg water h-1), a pilot scale drier (80 kg water h-1) and a range of commercial production scale driers (4 - 15 000 kg water h-1). A survey of operators of commercial scale driers showed that control of instant milk powder production to influence bulk density is highly intuitive. Fines recycle rates were expected to be important in control of agglomeration processes and were estimated on a specific plant by using the pressure drop measured in the fines return line. A model based on pressure drop along a pneumatic pipeline under-predicted the experimental values for pressure drop due to solids, which means a calibration curve should be generated for each specific drier. Fines recycle rates were predicted to be significantly higher at 95 to 130 % of production rates compared to those expected by operators of 50%. Experimental measurements agreed with existing models for the effect of temperature on the density and viscosity of milk concentrates. Experimental results showed that the surface tensions of concentrated milks were within the same range as literature values for standard milks below 60°C, but were significantly higher for milk above 60°C. This is thought to be linked to the mechanism of skin formation due to disulphide cross linking at high temperatures and concentrations. Powder properties were also established for selected products produced on the commercial scale driers. These powders were then used in experiments on the two smaller driers. Because collision frequency depends on the velocity and droplet size of sprays; these properties were measured for the small scale drier and estimated, where possible, for the pilot and commercial driers. The small scale agglomerating spray drier was configured to alter droplet and particle properties when interacting a vertical fines particle curtain with a horizontal spray sheet. An extensive design and improvement process was carried out to ensure the system consistently delivered these streams in a controllable manner. The processes of collision and adhesion occur very quickly inside the spray drier. In order to assess the extent of agglomeration that has occurred, the feed streams must be compared to the final product stream. An ideal way to do this is to use an agglomeration index which compares the particle size distributions of the feed (fines recycle and spray streams) and the particle size distribution of the product stream (the agglomerated powder). The index described changes between these steams across the particle size distribution and is called an agglomeration efficiency, ξg. However, it was found that the presence of fines in the product of the one-pass design obscured the agglomerates formed. The agglomeration efficiency, ξg, was modified to become ξh which subtracted the fines stream from the agglomerated product distribution. In this way ξh models industrial operation where the fines are recycled, by effectively just comparing the spray and product streams entering and leaving the process. The small scale drier was used for an experimental study on natural and forced agglomeration, where the drier was operated with spray only, then with spray and fines. For natural agglomeration, SEM images of the product powder indicated that little agglomeration occurred between spray droplets. The product yield was unacceptably low (~ 40%) due to adhesion of spray droplets to the drying chamber wall opposing the horizontal spray. When the fines curtain was introduced in the forced agglomeration experiments, product yield increased above 50% because the fines acted as collectors for the spray droplets. However, the agglomeration performance of the modified spray drier was lower than expected. The equipment design was then optimised by considering three key issues; fines dispersion, droplet dispersion and stickiness, and agglomerate breakdown. Final experiments studied agglomeration at low fines to spray mass flux ratios and showed that increasing the fines size had a positive effect on agglomeration efficiency,ξh. The agglomeration study at pilot scale identified the effect of key variables, total solids, concentrate and fines flow rate, and fines size on the agglomeration efficiency. A dimensionless flux approach was used to explain the experimental results. The fines to spray mass flux ratio and the projected area flux ratio (at constant concentrate flow rate) were found to be the most suitable to represent the physical processes during agglomeration. Experimental results showed that a higher dimensionless flux resulted in more agglomeration and as well as small fines size and atomising low solids concentrate. The critical Stokes number highlighted the importance of particle size and collision velocity on the outcome of the collision as well as the importance of stickiness on adherence following the collision. A statistical analysis established a relational model for predicting the agglomeration efficiency based on fines size, total solids and the fines to spray mass flux ratio. This thesis has gained insight into agglomeration processes during spray drying and knowledge about how to define the extent of agglomeration. Practical findings from this research can have a significant impact on successful spray drying operation for instant powders. There are some practical steps to be taken industrially to promote the control of agglomerating spray driers. The first step is to measure and control the flow of fines recycled to the top of the spray drier. The next step is to validate the findings at industrial scale and link the agglomeration index to the bulk powder properties. However, there are many challenges that remain to be tackled in the area of milk powder agglomeration. Milk powder agglomeration at the top of the spray drier is a complex process involving many different variables. A more detailed study of the micro processes that occur during agglomeration will give increased understanding of the relationships between key operating variables and agglomerate properties.
Book chapters on the topic "Productive agglomerates"
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Achouak, W., G. Villemin, J. Balandreau, and T. Heulin. "Specificity of root colonization by symplasmata-forming Pantoea agglomerans." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice Production, 191–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8670-2_21.
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Fernandez, L. I. C., L. G. Pedroti, E. B. Ferreira Filho, R. C. S. S. Alvarenga, L. G. Justino, and W. E. H. Fernandes. "Study of Calcined Mixtures from Industrial Residues for Production of Agglomerates." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017, 767–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_84.
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Aliev, F. S., and F. S. Askerov. "Groundwater Protection in the Republic of Azerbaijan Related to the Production and Transportation of Oil." In Current Problems of Hydrogeology in Urban Areas, Urban Agglomerates and Industrial Centres, 301–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0409-1_17.
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Bolleddu, Venkateshwarlu, Vikranth Racherla, and Partha Pratim Bandyopadhyay. "Microstructural and Tribological Characteristics of Air Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Titania Coatings." In Production, Properties, and Applications of High Temperature Coatings, 268–98. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4194-3.ch011.
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Thermally sprayed coatings from nanostructured agglomerated ceramic powders have received considerable attention in recent past due to their improved performance over corresponding coatings from conventional powders. When complete melting of a fraction of agglomerated particles is prevented, unmelted and partially melted (PM) particles appear as inclusions within the fully melted matrix resulting in a bi-modal coating microstructure. In addition to uniform mixing of constituents, the enhanced performance of nanostructured coatings has also been attributed to above described bi-modal nature of the microstructure. Interestingly, even though nitrogen is cheaper and more widely available than argon, essentially all earlier works on plasma spraying of nanostructured coatings use argon as the primary plasma gas. In this chapter, the effect of critical plasma spray parameter (CPSP), which controls the specific power input to the plasma gas, on microstructural and wear characteristics of conventional and nanostructured alumina-titania (Al2O3-13wt%TiO2) coatings is studied systematically.
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Legemza, Jaroslav, Mária Fröhlichová, and Róbert Findorák. "Utilization of biomass in the production of Fe agglomerates." In Biomass and Carbon Fuels in Metallurgy, 192–253. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429274039-12.
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Legemza, Jaroslav, Mária Fröhlichová, and Róbert Findorák. "Use of traditional fuels in the production of agglomerates." In Biomass and Carbon Fuels in Metallurgy, 67–129. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429274039-7.
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Sadri, Ehsan, and Fakhreddin Ashrafizadeh. "High Temperature Nanocomposite Coatings by Plasma Spraying for Friction and Wear Applications." In Production, Properties, and Applications of High Temperature Coatings, 216–45. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4194-3.ch009.
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In conventional high temperature solid lubricants, during thermal cycling, a reduction of lubrication performance results in fluctuating friction coefficient and formation of abrasive wear debris. Moreover, the demand for high temperature solid lubrication in the range 300-1000 °C has led to development of self-lubricating wear resistant coatings of desired characteristics at high temperatures. This chapter introduces typical nanostructured ceramic matrix coatings produced by plasma spraying for self-lubricating wear resistance purposes in a wide temperature range. Production and properties of spray dried agglomerated nanocomposite granules are described and, then, structural, mechanical and tribological properties of Cr2O3-Ag nanocomposite coatings are presented. The lubrication mechanisms at moderate and high temperatures, by means of creation of a silver tribofilm on top surface, is discussed.
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Legemza, Jaroslav, Róbert Findorák, Mária Fröhlichová, and Martina Džupková. "Advances in Sintering of Iron Ores and Concentrates." In Iron Ores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94051.
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Chapter “Sintering of iron ores and concentrates” is focusing on the study of theoretical, thermodynamic and experimental results in the production of sinters from iron ores and concentrates. The authors of the chapter have long been interested with the production of sinter from iron ores and have recently also focused on the use of biomass as a substitute for a part of coke breeze in the production of iron sinter. Important characteristics of the chapter include the characteristics of iron ores and concentrates used to produce sinter including physico-chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical properties. Predicting the influence of the properties of iron ores and concentrates on the final quality of the sinter and on the production of pig iron is another part of the study. These properties are a key factor in achieving the highest possible agglomerate quality for pig iron production. The sintering process requires mathematical and physical modeling. For this reason, the authors created thermodynamic models of sintering including material-heat balance of sinter production. In the final part of chapter is the use of traditional and alternative carbonaceous fuels in the production of sinters, mainly in the context of replacement of coke breeze with biomass.
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Gürsoy, Çiğdem. "From the Working Order of Akhi-Tradesmen Organization to Economic Geography." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 529–50. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2559-3.ch025.
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It is possible to take the concepts of economic geography, regional production, and competition, often mentioned nowadays, back to the transition to the established order in the historical process, in other words, to the agricultural revolution. However, systematically developing and implementing methods was started by Ahi Evran about 800 years ago. The working order of the Akhi-Tradesmen Organization created by Evran, based on the understanding of the economy will serve the human, not human to economy, bears a resemblance to today's agglomeration system. The fact that production factors, which are agglomerated in a specified geographical area, work with optimum efficiency spurs competitiveness.Within this framework, this chapter reveals the implementation of regional agglomeration model in Ottoman territories in historical process, which is discussed in the economic geography studies. In addition, within the scope of institutionalization, the period spent by organization of Akhi-Tradesmen in the Ottoman Empire will be mentioned.
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Hirajima, T., and M. Tsunekawa. "Acoustic emissions from the impact of particles and their application to on-line monitoring for zirconia micro-agglomerate production in liquids." In Developments in Mineral Processing, C3–8—C3–16. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4528(00)80010-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Productive agglomerates"
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Vos, F., L. Delaey, M. De Bonte, and L. Froyen. "Plasma Spraying of Self-Lubricating Cr2O3-CaF2 Coatings." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0049.
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Abstract Results are presented of a project analysing the relationship between the production parameters of plasma sprayed self-lubricating Cr2O3-CaF2 coatings and their structural, wear and lubricating properties. The production method consists of a preparation step where a powder blend of the matrix material (Cr203) and solid lubricant (CaF2) is agglomerated, followed by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) of the agglomerates. Selection of the most appropriate agglomeration and plasma spray parameters as well as the microstructure of the coatings will be discussed.
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HUDÁK, Jozef, Mária FRÖHLICHOVÁ, Róbert FINDORÁK, and Jaroslav LEGEMZA. "absorptivity of pine and oak pellets for production of bio agglomerates." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.671.
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Legemza, Jaroslav. "THE INFLUENCE OF BIOMASS ON ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FERRIFERROUS AGGLOMERATE PRODUCTION." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.4/s04.025.
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Ka¨rkela¨, Teemu, Joachim Holm, Ari Auvinen, Christian Ekberg, Henrik Gla¨nneskog, Unto Tapper, and Riitta Zilliacus. "Gas Phase Oxidation of Elemental Iodine in Containment Conditions." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75927.
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The aim of the study was to verify the possible formation of iodine aerosol when gaseous iodine is exposed to radiation. The effect of oxygen, ozone and iodine concentration as well as that of radiation intensity on IOX aerosol formation was determined. Experimental evidence on kinetics of particle formation, growth and transport was gained. Experiments were carried out using EXSI facility at VTT. Gaseous iodine was produced from I2-KI-water solution and carried into the facility with N2-O2 mixture. Oxygen concentration was varied between 2–50 %-vol. Due to the production technique flow contained always some humidity. UVC lamps were used as source of ionizing radiation. Ozone concentration was also varied with an ozonator. The reactions took place in a flow furnace heated to 120°C. Reaction and aerosol kinetics were studied by varying the residence time between about 2–7 seconds. The formed particles were collected on filters, after which gaseous iodine was trapped in NaOH-water solution. The amount of iodine in filters and in trapping bottles was analysed with ICP-MS. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured online using aerosol instrumentation. Ozone concentration was measured online with FTIR. The morphology as well as the elemental composition of the particles were analysed with SEM-EDX. The conversion of gaseous iodine to aerosol particles was rapid and almost complete even with low ozone concentration. The fraction of gaseous iodine increased though with decreasing residence time. Diameter of the formed primary particles was approximately 10 nm. Particles grew by agglomeration and by surface reaction. Agglomerate size distribution was log-normal with NMD varying between 60–120 nm. Size of the agglomerates increased and number concentration decreased with increasing residence time. Agglomerate size also increased with iodine concentration. Presence of ozone promoted retention of iodine in the facility probably by surface reaction. Some iodine deposited on surfaces evaporated later and formed particles in the gas stream. According to SEM-EDX analysis, particles deposited on carbon foil contained iodine and oxygen. However, the exact speciation is not known. Particles deposited on copper grids had probably reacted to copper iodide.
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Venkata, Pradeep Garudadri, Mustafa M. Aslan, M. Pinar Mengu¨c, and Gorden Videen. "The Surface Plasmon Scattering Patterns of Gold Nanoparticles and Agglomerates." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82927.
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Metallic nanoparticles display considerably different optical properties than those of their bulk counterparts. They have long been of interest in several novel applications, from colored glass production of medieval times to molecular-level sensors of today. Recently, there has been significant interest in characterization of such small particles via surface plasmons, for example for monitoring of the actual self-assembly purposes. For such characterization, we need scattering patterns by different type of particles and agglomerates on or near the surface. Here we present a methodology to predict the required scattering patterns of single particles and agglomerates on or near a surface subjected to surface plasmon waves. We investigate the effect of size, shape and orientation of gold nano particles on their scattering patterns both in the visible spectrum and at resonance wavelengths. The results show that the normalized scattering matrix elements (Mij) at certain observation angles and incident wavelengths provide significant information to monitor self-assembly process of gold nanoparticles on a gold substrate.
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Castro, António, João P. Cardoso, Luís Filipe Mendes, Pedro Azevedo, and João Farinha Mendes. "Pre-heating boiler feedwater for expanded cork agglomerate production using a parabolic trough system." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5067155.
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Ribeiro, Pedro, José Teixeira, and Manuel Eduardo Ferreira. "Ash Sintering in a Biomass Pellet Boiler." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65246.
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The market for residential pellet burning equipments is well developed in some European countries like Germany, Austria and Italy and rapidly expanding in others. As a consequence the pellet production has also grown, although a large fraction is destined for industrial applications such as coal co-combustion. Due to the existence of chemical elements such as Na, K and Si, the pellet combustion can lead to agglomerated ashes on the grate of the burner causing problems for its proper operation. The present work aimed to study the influence of temperature and air flows in the ash agglomeration at the grate. For this purpose, it was assembled an experimental setup that, in a brief, description consists of: i) boiler, whose burner allows the regulation of the primary and secondary air flow, ii) variable flow exhaust gases extraction system, iii) controllable feeding system, iv) heat dissipation system, v) data acquisition and control system, vi) exhaust gases analysis system. The results indicate an increased formation of agglomerated ash with increasing of temperature. In addition, they also suggest the influence of excess air and primary air fraction in that formation, and the existence of an optimum working condition for high excess air and a primary air fraction of around 30%. The application of swirl in the secondary air improves both the flame stability and enables an efficient combustion into regions where the ash agglomeration is reduced. Moreover, they also show that there are other factors that influence the ash agglomeration, mostly related to the changing of the chemical elements ratio due to vaporization of the more volatile species.
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King, Joel George, Kyethann S. Francis-Lacroix, and Chenelle Orosco. "A Potential Approach for Paraffin Control for Wells in South West Trinidad Oilfields Using Wax Inhibitors and Paraffin Solvent." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200966-ms.
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Abstract Paraffin deposition in production tubing and flow lines is a phenomenon that affects many oil producers. Once paraffin wax has precipitated there is a tendency to agglomerate peripherally to the production flow path which eventually leads to a sectional decrease in tubing or, even, flow blockage across production zones. The impact of paraffin deposition ranges from wellbore issues, flow assurance challenges to total production impairment. In many mature fields, paraffin remediation can be challenging when deposition occurs in the formation especially in near-wellbore regions of producing wells. Temperature loss at these locations induces wax crystallization and subsequent formation damage. A mitigative approach to paraffin deposition in these areas can typically include the utilization of both paraffin inhibitors and paraffin solvents individually or in combination. However, as it pertains to paraffin remediation downhole, inhibitor placement in the formation or at near-wellbore has proven to be very challenging. This paper reviews the performance of two main chemical applications applied to address downhole wax deposition in a well from a South West Trinidad oilfield. The paper also discusses the strategy behind identifying the chemical type for the application and considerations for the placement of the chemical treatment to impact its intended target based on well data and well infrastructure.
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Ahmed, I., and T. L. Bergman. "Optimization of Plasma Spray Processing Parameters for Deposition of Nanostructured Coatings." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33944.
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When nanostructured material is thermally sprayed to produce coatings, the retention of the original nanostructure that is engineered into the raw stock is a principal objective, along with production of some molten material in order to adhere the sprayed material to the surface being coated. Therefore, in contrast to spraying conventional material, complete melting of the nanostructured raw stock is to be avoided. In this study, the melting and re-solidification of sprayed material is correlated to a spray process parameter that has been introduced in the literature by others. Using computer modeling, processing of zirconia agglomerates with plasma spraying has been simulated. Transition regions of the phase change response of the material to the thermal processing conditions are identified. The retained nanostructure content and liquid fraction of the sprayed material is correlated to the particle diameters, as well as the thermal processing parameter. Finally, a novel method to produce desired coatings composed of partially molten sprayed material, by using a bimodal particle size distribution of the sprayed powder, is presented and discussed.
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Malkiel, E., and R. E. Mayle. "Transition in a Separation Bubble." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-032.
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In the interest of being able to predict separating-reattaching flows, it is necessary to have an accurate model of transition in separation bubbles. An experimental investigation of the process of turbulence development in a separation bubble shows that transition occurs within the separated shear layer. A comparison of simultaneous velocity traces from probes separated in the lateral direction suggests that Kelvin-Helmholtz waves, which originate in the laminar shear layer, do not break down to turbulence simultaneously spanwise when they proceed to agglomerate. The streamwise development of intermittency in this region, can be characterized by turbulent spot theory with a high dimensionless spot production rate. Moreover, the progression of intermittency along the centerline of the shear layer is similar to that in attached boundary layer transition. The transverse development of intermittency is also remarkably similar to that in attached boundary layers. The parameters obtained from these measurements agree with correlations which were previously deduced from turbulence intensity measurements.
Reports on the topic "Productive agglomerates"
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Rapp, D. M. Process development for production of coal/sorbent agglomerates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5917373.
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Rapp, D. M. Process development for production of coal/sorbent agglomerates. Final technical report, September 1, 1990--August 31, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107497.
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