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Vagnani, Gianluca, and Loredana Volpe. "Alla ricerca del valore della filiera vitivinicola: verso la formulazione di un modello di analisi." MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 4 (December 2009): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2009-004003.
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- This study presents the theoretical construct named "extended productive chain" as a model that may possibly be used in order to express and measure the value of the multiple relationships and interrelationships existing among economic activities. When applied to the wine productive chain, the model shows the relevance and value that the latter is able to create because of its effects on both some linked productive chains (e.g. bottles, tops, labels), and other correlated ones (e.g. publishing, food and beverage, tourism). This value is also due to its intangible components (e.g. reputation, "made in Italy" image worldwide). Besides, the present study sheds light on some criticalities related to the Italian wine productive chain, whose relational components may turn from synergic factors into channels of contagion and diffusion of negative effects among different productive chains. Thus, this contribution leads to reflect about the need for institutional actors, professional associations, and firms to develop and strengthen their planning skills in order to protect and re-create the value induced by the wine productive chain within a changing environment over time.
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Maksymenko, Anna. "Methodological approaches to global value chains analysis." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 4(138) (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-4-3.
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The article is devoted to overview of methodological approaches to the analysis of the global value chains. Value chain is a full range of activities which is done by firm or employees in order to bring a product from its conception to its end use. This also includes activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer. Global value chains (GVC) involve different type of firm from different countries in such activities. The paper emphasizes that this research topic is interdisciplinary. Topics in GVC literature include variety of aspects: impact of globalization on employment, horizontal and vertical links between enterprises in the chain, governance structure of organizing international production networks, supply and income distribution, spread of innovation and technology, firms’ upgrading etc. Generally, A. Morrison, C. Pietrobelli and R. Rabellotti have identified two different “schools” or approaches within the broad GVC literature: the internationalist approach and the industrialist approach. Typology of global value chains is quite developed topic. Such types as market type, modular type, relational type, captive type, hierarchy type of governance have been distinguished and described by foreign researches. Elements of modernization processes of the value chain have been highlighted. Approaches to upgrading of value added production can be considered as upgrading of products (and packaging), upgrading of processes, functional upgrading, inter-sectoral upgrading. Also concept of upgrading can relate to upgrading of value chain-network structure and upgrading of governance structures. The topic of barriers for integration in global value chains for developing countries is crucial. There are several factors affecting developing country competitiveness in GVCs: productive capacity, infrastructure and service, business environment, trade and investment policy, industry institutionalization. The main conclusions emerging from analytical overview presented in this article are that various approaches to GVCs analysis exist and that the choice of particular approach should be based on specific research topic which is investigated as well as data sources (e.g. firms’ business record, input-output tables, interviews with enterprises, business association, government officers etc).
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Küttner, R. "Production planning for a supply chain in a low-volume and make-to-order manufacturing environment." Estonian Journal of Engineering 15, no. 1 (2009): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2009.1.05.
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Tieman, Marco. "Halal Supply Chain Certification: The Next Frontier in Halal Certification?" ICR Journal 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v9i2.124.
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Halal supply chains are vulnerable to contamination, risk of contamination and perception issues, providing reputational risks for brand owners operating supply chains in and for Muslim markets. At the same time, new halal standards are being developed by Muslim countries beyond slaughtering and food production, covering areas such as animal welfare, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, logistics, food services, retail, Islamic banking and finance, etc. Indeed, halal requires a supply chain approach in order to ensure the integrity of a halal product, similar to food safety. Therefore, the halal assurance system of a company should go beyond ingredients and production process. But, is the certification of an end-to-end halal supply chain feasible?
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Agler, M. T., C. M. Spirito, J. G. Usack, J. J. Werner, and L. T. Angenent. "Development of a highly specific and productive process for n-caproic acid production: applying lessons from methanogenic microbiomes." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.549.
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High productivity and specificity in anaerobic digesters arise because complex microbiomes organize into a metabolic cascade to maximize energy recovery and to utilize the advantage that the gaseous end product methane freely bubbles out of the system. These lessons were applied to ascertain whether a reactor microbiome could be shaped to produce a different end product. The liquid product n-caproic acid was chosen, which is a 6-carbon-chain carboxylic acid that is valuable and that has a relatively low maximum solubility concentration for product recovery. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was inhibited by pH control and a route was provided for n-caproic acid extraction by implementing selective, in-line recovery. Next, ethanol was supplemented to promote chain elongation, which is a pathway in which short-chain carboxylic acids are elongated sequentially into medium-chain carboxylic acids with two-carbon units derived from ethanol. The reactor microbiome developed accordingly with the terminal process catalyzed by chain-elongating bacteria. As a result, n-caproic acid production rates increased to levels comparable to anaerobic digestion systems for solid waste treatment.
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Nizam, Derya. "Place, food, and agriculture: the use of geographical indications in olive oil production in western Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 57 (November 2017): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2017.31.
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AbstractThis study concerns how olive oil producers and local bureaucrats in western Turkey use geographical indications (GIs) as a localist strategy to strengthen their position in global markets by challenging conventional agricultural practices. The study employs the disarticulation approach of global commodity chain analysis in order to understand which factors delink people and places from conventional commodity chains/industrial chains and link them instead to GI chains. The results of the study indicate that regional disadvantages—e.g., high production costs due to land characteristics—are the main factor delinking local actors from the conventional olive oil commodity chain. Furthermore, certain dynamic rent opportunities that are related to characteristics of territorial quality and to local cultural characteristics also contribute to the linking of the region and producers to GI chains.
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Beckers, Anna. "The Invisible Networks of Global Production: Re-Imagining the Global Value Chain in Legal Research." European Review of Contract Law 16, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2020-0006.
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AbstractReviewing the burgeoning legal scholarship on global value chains to delineate the legal image of the global value chain and then comparing this legal image with images on global production in neighbouring social sciences research, in particular the Global Commodity Chain/Global Value Chain and the Global Production Network approach, this article reveals that legal research strongly aligns with the value chain image, but takes less account of the production-centric network image. The article then outlines a research agenda for legal research that departs from a network perspective on global production. To that end, it proposes that re-imagining the law in a world of global production networks requires a focus in legal research on the legal construction of global production and its infrastructure and a stronger contextualization of governance obligations and liability rules in the light of the issue-specific legal rules that apply to said infrastructure.
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Mercado, Waldemar. "Institutional economy of the quinoa productive chain in Junin, Peru." Scientia Agropecuaria 9, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2018.03.04.
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Kyllönen, Hanne, and Petri Helo. "SCOR Based Food Supply Chain’s Sustainable Performance Evaluation Model." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1039.
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This paper introduces a first level of the SCOR based Food Supply Chain’s Sustainable Performance Evaluation Model and a case study. The model connects environmental performance to the part of the supply chain performance. The aim of the model is to consider ecologic issues as a part of the strategic supply chain decisions and in that way to develop supply chain management more sustainable. The food supply chain’s sustainable performance model consists of the ecological, social, and environmental metrics. It bases e.g. on the level 1 SCOR-metrics. The developed method is used in the case study as a method. The results of the case study shows e.g. that if one production plant would be replaced with two plants the delivery time and delivery costs, waste and carbon dioxide emissions would decrease and production costs and investment costs would increase. The results of the case study show that individual measures of the environmental or economical performance are not enough when optimizing supply chains sustainable performance. Also optimizing production cost or delivery performance may differ from supply chain overall performance. More holistic way to measure overall sustainable performance are needed. The sustainable performance evaluation model seems to be useful way to improve sustainable supply chain management but more studies are needed.
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Bask, Anu, and Markku Tinnilä. "Impact of Product Characteristics on Supply Chains." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jal.2013010103.
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Supply chains are typically considered to consist of many stages across several organizations starting from raw material sources through component production to manufacturing and further on via distribution operations to B-to-B customers and consumers. This paper focuses on analyzing product-related characteristics: what the characteristics mentioned in the literature are, and the impact they have on the structure and design of supply chains. The authors look at how product characteristics in general influence the design of supply chains, and their effect on different stages of supply chains. In the literature analysis, the focus is on examining the impact of product characteristics on supply chain strategy and structures, purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, and logistics services. Finally, they draw conclusions on the above. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, based on supply chain management literature, the authors propose a framework for analyzing the impact of product characteristics on supply chains. Secondly, at the end of the paper, they extend the framework by summarizing the key results pertaining to each supply chain management area under analysis. These include the characteristics of the main frameworks used in previous studies and the generic product characteristics used.
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Anastasiadis, Foivos, Ioanna Apostolidou, and Anastasios Michailidis. "Mapping Sustainable Tomato Supply Chain in Greece: A Framework for Research." Foods 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050539.
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Sustainable food supply chains are complex systems involving several stakeholders, processes, flow of goods/materials and information. The value generated in combination with the contradictory agendas among actors makes any groundwork for future research a challenging endeavor. Hence, an end-to-end mapping of the food supply chain under examination is a vital prerequisite for the design of a comprehensive research framework. This study exemplified such a mapping approach in the Greek sustainable tomato supply chain, providing significant insights for an impactful research agenda. Data were obtained from secondary sectoral sources and open interviews with key players across the supply chain—covering all its main stages, i.e., production, packaging, storing, transportation, wholesaling, and retailing. The findings are summarized in three supply chain maps that illustrate the areas concerning sustainability, value chain and stakeholders. These maps synthesize a bigger picture of the supply chain that reveals the complicated interactions among its actors, the hidden bottlenecks in the flow of information and the areas that need deeper exploration. Its fundamental implication is the design of a targeted research framework, underlying the main priorities of the Greek tomato supply chain and eventually the Greek agri-food sector.
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Kottila, Marja-Riitta. "Knowledge sharing in organic food supply chains." Journal on Chain and Network Science 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2009.x168.
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Despite growing public interest in organic foods, they still represent only a niche market. Identified hindrances to the growth of this market have shifted the research focus to the supply chains as a whole and the information or knowledge flow along them. This study examined knowledge sharing along two Finnish organic food supply chains from farmers at the one end to consumers at the other. The findings revealed that only a small portion of the knowledge needed by the actors along the chain was shared. The unshared knowledge and its partly embedded nature suggest a need for more interaction and open communication among the actors in order to change current practice and the culture within the chain. Horizontal collaboration among actors specialized in organic production might improve knowledge sharing with consumers and help to develop the currently scattered and controversial knowledge base on the potential added value of organic products. The paper emphasises the importance of a whole chain approach and gives suggestions for further research.
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Blažková, I. "Commodity chain and strengthening of the agro-food sector competitiveness." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No, 7 (March 1, 2012): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5323-agricecon.
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In the last decade, the character of agro-food chains functioning has changed significantly. Globalisation elements in the food processing and distribution are changing conditions in agro-food sector and influencing also agrarian markets. Due to higher food finalisation and market force of processing and distribution stages in the agribusiness commodity vertical, farm value share in the final food price has decreased. Increasing competition makes agribusiness firms look for possibilities to strengthen their competitiveness, which is increasingly determined by the ability to develop successful partnerships within commodity verticals, i.e. vertical integration, eventually co-ordination, enforces. In this study, potential benefits and risks of these forms of vertical interconnection are reviewed with respect on specific market and production characteristics of agro-food chains. The problem is presented on the example of the commodity chain of bakery and pasta production in the Czech Republic. At the end of the paper, main arguments for the interconnection of particular stages of this vertical are derived, especially between mills and bakeries.
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Varchenko, O. O. "Theoretical aspects of functioning of agro-food chains and features of their development in Ukrainian." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-6-20.
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The peculiarities of creation and functioning of agro-food chains based on the study of scientific works were generalized, which allowed to establish a variety of approaches to the definition of agro-food chains and their structure. The study describes the understanding of agribusiness supply chains based on global and local approaches to their functioning, and the "smart" supply chain of agro-food. The main flows in the agro-food chain have been identified, namely: physical (agricultural raw materials, agro-food, logistics operators etc.), information, financial flows, as well as knowledge and experience of management. The purpose of the article is to synthesize scientific approaches to understanding the concept of supply chain and agro-food chain in domestic and foreign practice, systematization of the principles and basic business processes of their functioning, as well as identification of the main factors of the external and internal environment of their functioning in modern conditions. It is highlighted that the main approaches to the interpretation of the supply chain are process and object approaches, both in foreign and domestic practice. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the functioning of global agro-food chains, which are not considered by academics as buyer-seller relations in the open market, but as coordinated chains of interactions that occur under the influence of key agents in these chains. These leading global chain members control other members of the chain, which has led to increased pressure, primarily on agricultural producers and processors. The scientific opinions on the understanding and specificity of the functioning of alternative supply chains of agro-food, which give rise to economic, social and / or environmental benefits, are generalized. The directions of development of local agro-food chains in domestic conditions and their influence on creation of competitive rural territories are grounded. The factors of the external and internal environment of functioning of agro-food chains and the directions of influence of their changes on the stability of their development, in particular, globalization of climate change, innovation development, and others, are systematized. The necessity of developing additional adaptations to the listed changes in other sectors – transport, storage and energy systems – has been proved, which actualizes the need for strengthening integration and cooperation between the participants of the supply chain. The main goals of the functioning of agro-food chains are highlighted: increase of competitiveness of products, achievement of economic interests of all participants of chain, sustainable development of rural territories, more efficient satisfaction of needs of end users. Achievement of these goals can only be achieved on the basis of observance of the principles of sustainable development and innovation of the chain, resource-saving development of production activities. It is emphasized that the question remains, both in practical and methodical aspects, as to the distortion of the information flow in agro-food chains, especially in chains with a large number of participants and numerous connections between them. In domestic practice, the issue of improving the quality and safety of agri-food products in agricultural supply chains needs to be actualized. Key words: supply chain, agro-food chain, global chains, local agricultural chains, demand chains, logistic chains, "smart" chains.
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Torquati, Biancamaria, Lucio Cecchini, Chiara Paffarini, and Massimo Chiorri. "The economic and environmental sustainability of extra virgin olive oil supply chains: An analysis based on food miles and value chains." Economia agro-alimentare, no. 1 (May 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag1-2021oa11391.
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Following the growing trend towards globalisation of the agrifood system over the last few years, a number of scientific publications with different aims and methodological approaches have addressed the issue of the progressive link loss between the place of consumption and production of food. In part, thescientific debate has focused on the various agri-food production commercial outlets, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of both the dominant models like mass market retail, as well as emerging models like solidarity purchasing groups The present study can be classified as concerning the sustainability of agri-food supply chains. It compares five different extra virgin olive oil (evoo) supply chains in terms of the distance between the agricultural producer and end consumer, from both an economic perspective (the number of intermediaries) and a geographical one (production and consumption places). The examined aspects are 1) all the supply chain segments in which value is added to what will be the final food product purchased by the consumer, with a focus on trade and the transport cost estimated in relation to food miles; 2) the environmental impact of transport along the entire supply chain up to the distribution of evoo to the final consumer; and 3) the trade-offs between the environmental impact and economic results.The results obtained confirm some existing general evidence in the literature, such as the greater enhancement of agricultural products through short supply chains, and they emphasize as combining the value chain results with the environmental impact based on FMs, no real trade-offs, but rather trends, emerge.
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Kapela, Magdalena. "Labor Costs and Localization in Global Value Chains: Comparative Analysis and Conclusions for Poland." Foundations of Management 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2019-0019.
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AbstractLabor costs in Poland are relatively low in comparison to other European Union (EU) countries. After long period of functioning Poland in closed economy, conditions significantly weakened the level of its competitiveness in the international market. When the boards were opened in 1989, it became clear that cheap work force was one of the most important factors to attract foreign investments. At the same time, globalization and internationalization of production created opportunity for entrepreneurs to establish global value chains. Participation in global value chain (GVC) of Poland can extend international trade and increase gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, low wages attract investments in low-technology industries and, moreover, place Poland in the middle of value chains, where semi-products are assembled and new value added is exiguous. The aim of the article is: 1) to present polish participation in global value chain, 2) to analyze how much low labor costs contribute to degree of share in global value chain, and 3) to show how level of labor costs contribute to position in value chain and how does it influence on benefits from participating in GVC. In the article, the quantitative and qualitative assessment of Eurostat (European statistic) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) statistics data and research on labor costs carried out in Poland were analyzed. The research tools include a critical analysis of literature and descriptive analytical method. More than 50% of polish exports takes place within the global value chains. Low labor costs attract investors to allocate part of their production in Poland. Nevertheless, great part of export constitutes semi-products that do not create new value added so benefits from participation in GVC are not so considerable as expected. It is desirable to shift Poland toward beginning or the end of value chains, where profits are higher.
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Faur, Monica, and Constantin Bungau. "Outsourcing Towards Greater Agility Through Investigating Decoupling Points in Leagile Supply Chains." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929007006.
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In today’s competitive business environment, with a continuously increasing diversity in customer demand, a high level of supply chain responsiveness is an imperative requisite for companies’ survival. As a consequence, enhanced agility is requested for the supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants that influence the position of the ‘decoupling points’ along the value chain, as according to the reviewed literature these represent the separation point between leanness and agility in a hybrid supply chain. It has been found that by applying different technical solutions along the chain, including breaking down the complete production process in modular sequences and outsourcing specific ones, considering reshaping the supply chain, the decoupling points’ location can be moved, allowing greater agility. The chosen methodology is a case study of a FMCG company, aiming to illustrate how increased agility is achieved by outsourcing labour-intensive and time consuming activities, while shortening the downstream to customer. The selected firm is since several years under Lean and Agile strategies implementation. The study shows that understanding both, material and information decoupling points, certain lean processes can be moved upstream, leveraging more agile processes close to the end customer. This way, supply chains can be redesigned towards increasing market responsiveness.
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Magiera, M. "A multi-level method of support for management of product flow through supply chains." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0106.
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Abstract The paper presents a three-level method used to support the management of product flow through supply chain links (e.g. production lines) and between these links: suppliers and recipients of products of various types.The supply chain includes both producers of components (suppliers) and recipients of these components, which are used for the production of complex goods. The method is dedicated to the development of schedules of product flows through particular production plants (links in supply chains) and between individual plants. Each module of the developed system refers to a separate production plant. The organization of product flow through production lines covers different types of production routes and different configurations of production systems. At the first level of the method, preliminary production schedules are developed for each plant within the supply chain. The second level of the method is dedicated to the development of delivery schedules of components and semi-finished products to these plants. The determined delivery times of components to the individual production plants constitute data for the third level of the method. At this lowest level, detailed schedules of product flow through production lines with the producers of complex goods are developed. Linear mathematical models have been built for each level of the method. In the developed method, optimization take place in the developed method in the scale of the entire supply chain (cost reduction), as well as in the scale of its links (production lines for which manufacturing schedules are built with various criteria taken into consideration). The computational experiments used for verification of the method have been included.
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Bosona, Techane, and Girma Gebresenbet. "Evaluating Logistics Performances of Agricultural Prunings for Energy Production: A Logistics Audit Analysis Approach." Logistics 2, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics2030019.
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The utilization of agricultural prunings as renewable energy sources requires effective and efficient logistics systems. The objective of this paper was to map out logistics activities along the agricultural pruning-to-energy (PtE) value chains. It describes the logistics performances based on the existing and potential pruning biomass supply chains focusing on prunings from fruit tree, vineyards, olive groove, and up-rooted tree branches. A logistics audit analysis approach has been used for detailed assessment of logistics performances. The analysis was based mainly on primary data gathered using a structured data survey format targeting the existing and potential PtE initiatives in Spain, Germany, Denmark, France, and Poland. The analysis considered the major stages of the chain, such as pruning, harvesting, processing (e.g., baling and chipping), storage, transport, and the linkage between the different stages. The paper identified the constraints along the logistics chain and recommended appropriate interventions to promote the marketing of agricultural pruning focusing on the supply of quality bales and chips for renewable energy production, and to increase the sustainability of renewable energy generation from PtE initiatives. The study has indicated that there are economic, social, and environmental benefits of PtE initiatives, as well as opportunities to increase the implementation and sustainability of the system.
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Benítez Gaibor, Marcela Karina, Juan Pablo Martínez, Vasilica Maria Margalina, and Edison Roberto Valencia Nuñez. "Market Structure Analysis of Footwear Production Chain Companies in Ecuador." Economía teoría y práctica 28, no. 52 (November 14, 2019): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/etypuam/ne/522020/benitez.
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Rezapour, Shabnam, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Reliable flow in stochastic supply networks servicing pre- and after-sales markets." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 31, no. 2 (May 2017): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000038.
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AbstractIn this paper we consider a company including both a forward supply chain producing and supplying products to markets and an after-sales supply chain providing spare parts to fulfill its after-sales commitments. Uncertainty in estimating product demand in the premarkets and spare parts demands in the after-sales markets and qualified outputs of production facilities throughout these two chains are considered in this problem. Stochastic qualified outputs of these facilities are due to their imperfect productions systems. We show that uncertainties propagate and qualified flow depreciates by moving material, components, and products from upstream to the downstream of these supply chains, and these phenomena should be quantified to determine the service levels of this company in the pre- and after-sales markets. At the end, we propose a mathematical model determining the best marketing strategies for this company (i.e., price, warranty length, and service levels) in the markets and their preserving reliable flow dynamics throughout the chains’ networks. Finally, the model is tested on a test problem defined in engine industry and some managerial insights are provided by analyzing the results.
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Prajogo, Daniel, Adegoke Oke, and Jan Olhager. "Supply chain processes." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2014-0129.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the value chain processes that represent the “black box” between supply logistics integration and competitive operational performance in firms. To realize this objective, the authors develop a research model which comprises a series of linkages from supply logistics integration to operational outcomes using Porter’s concept of value chain and the relational view of resource-based theory as theoretical lenses. Design/methodology/approach – The data set for testing the hypothesized relationships in this study was drawn from 232 Australian manufacturing firms. Findings – The findings show that there is no significant direct relationship between supply logistics integration and competitive operational performance; rather, the relationship is fully mediated by inbound supply performance and internal lean production processes. Further, lean production processes have a positive effect on inbound supply performance. Research limitations/implications – The study shows the importance of managing both internal (production processes) and external processes (logistics and supply chain) of firms’ operations in an integrated manner in which supply logistics integration act through key internal processes to impact competitive performance which the end customers actually experience. Originality/value – This is the first study which uncovers what happens “in between” the incoming materials and the end outputs delivered by firms into the market. This “in between black box” is important in improving our understanding of how inbound supply activities are translated into outbound competitive performance outcomes.
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Leng, Ling, Ying Wang, Peixian Yang, Takashi Narihiro, Masaru Konishi Nobu, Amy Giin Yu Tan, and Henry Po Heng Lee. "Unravelling a microbial synergy to boost caproate production via carboxylates chain elongation with ethanol." SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND RESOURCE RECOVERY 26, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v26n2thie-2018-0041.
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Chain elongation of volatile fatty acids for medium chain fatty acids production (e.g. caproate) is an attractive approach to treat wastewater anaerobically and recover resource simultaneously. Undefined microbial consortia can be tailored to achieve chain elongation process with selective enrichment from anaerobic digestion sludge, which has advantages over pure culture approach for cost-efficient application. Whilst the metabolic pathway of the dominant caproate producer, Clostridium kluyveri, has been annotated, the role of other coexisting abundant microbiomes remained unclear. To this end, an ethanol-acetate fermentation inoculated with fresh digestion sludge at optimal conditions was conducted. Also, physiological study, thermodynamics and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to elucidate the biological process by linking the system performance and dominant microbiomes were integrated. Results revealed a possible synergistic network in which C. kluyveri and three co-dominant species, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Fusobacterium varium and Acetoanaerobium sticklandii coexisted. D. vulgaris and A. sticklandii (F. varium) were likely to boost the carboxylates chain elongation by stimulating ethanol oxidation and butyrate production through a syntrophic partnership with hydrogen (H2) serving as an electron messenger. This study unveils a synergistic microbial network to boost caproate production in mixed culture carboxylates chain elongation.
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Li, X., T. Nakano, H. S. Chae, H. Sunwoo, and J. S. Sim. "Production of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against bovine proteoglycan." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-123.
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This study was undertaken to examine the immune response of chickens to bovine decorin, which is a proteoglycan bearing a single chain of dermatan sulphate. Three 35-wk-old Single Comb White Leghorn hens were immunized with decorin by intramuscular injection, and eggs produced by each bird were examined by ELISA for anti-decorin antibody activity in the yolk. The antibody activity started to increase 7 d after immunization, rapidly increased and remained relatively constant after 35 d. The polyclonal antibody obtained was then examined by ELISA inhibition assay with samples of bovine decorin treated with and without enzymes. Digestion of decorin with papain to cleave its protein core caused a complete loss in antigenicity, while chondroitinase-ABC treatment to cleave its dermatan sulphate chain showed no appreciable effect. This indicates that the protein core but not the dermatan sulphate chain was recognized by the anti-decorin antibodies. Immunohistochemical staining located the antigen in bovine, porcine and chicken tissues. It is concluded that chickens can efficiently produce specific antibodies to the protein core of bovine decorin. Key words: Chicken, proteoglycan, decorin, antibody, immune response
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Alonso-Muñoz, Sara, Rocío González-Sánchez, Cristina Siligardi, and Fernando E. García-Muiña. "New Circular Networks in Resilient Supply Chains: An External Capital Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116130.
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The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had an impact on the relationships established between different actors in organisations. To deal with these changes, it is necessary to develop a resilience capacity that allows for the establishment of different patterns of relationships through a new management model. The application of circularity principles implies a radical change in stakeholder relations, breaking with the “end-of-life” concept existing in linear economies. Furthermore, circular economy can ensure resilience in supply chains, and it can be considered as a tool in uncertain environments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the association between the customer–supplier relationships with circular supply chains based on the intellectual capital-based view theory. External capital is a crucial factor for organisations, and it helps with building remarkable capabilities for the whole supply chain due to collaboration and cooperation. This research contributes with a systematic revision of the literature regarding circular supply chains and customer–supplier external capital, providing an exploratory model. Establishing a closer and effective relationship with customers and suppliers supposes a differentiating value and competitive advantages. Actors involved in the supply chain are essential in the implementation of circularity in organisations for reducing waste production and returning resources to the production cycle. Therefore, circular networks related to customers’ behaviour, sustainable supplier election and IT tools play a key factor in improving resilience in supply chains.
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Du, Xizhong, Yun Xiang, Fangfang Lou, Pingguang Tu, Xiaojun Zhang, Xujin Hu, Wentao Lyu, and Yingping Xiao. "Microbial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Mapping in the Intestinal Tract of Quail." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061006.
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Quail is raised throughout China for egg and meat production. To deeply understand the gastrointestinal microbial composition and metabolites of quail, the present study characterized the microbiota inhabiting five intestinal locations of eight-week-old quail using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and evaluated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in each individual location using gas chromatography. The results showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Deferribacteres were the five most abundant phyla in the intestinal tract of quail. Firmicutes was largely dominant (>95%) in the small intestine, whereas Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the cecum (19.19%) and colorectum (8.09%). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in almost all sections (>50%) except in the cecum (7.26%), where Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides were dominant. qPCR data indicated that the population sizes of both the total bacteria and proportions of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides group increased going from the proximal toward the distal end of the intestine in quail. The SCFA-producing bacterial genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium were of higher richness in the cecum and colorectum, where, accordingly, more SCFAs were produced. These findings will be helpful for the future study of quail microbiology, as well as its relationship with productive performance and health.
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Zomkowksi Salvi, Vinícius. "The Electric Supply Chain 4.0." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.81.7691.
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Supply Chain Management is not a Discipline, but it is becoming one. Supply Chain as Network is a modern definition of a field with more than 37 years of reliable scientific publications. And it has great complexity even greater when world is experiencing the Forth Industrial Revolution.
Electricity Supply Chains were delimitated as those compounded by first tier of oil, gas or coal (energy production majority), the generators, the transmitters, the distributor retailer until end-consumer. It has a great complex network constituted by external organisms responsible for coordinating and giving the strategy to the whole system.
Lean and Agile is something less usual in Electricity Supply Chain. This researcher was unable of finding scientific articles reporting directly about that combination. However, Electricity Supply Chain is considered a functional product with long life cycle. The coal, the gas and the oil are also functional products and they are controlled with efficient perspective. It is concluded that Electricity supply chain is more designed for a lean environment to an agile positioning.
The industry 4.0 is transformed the whole Electricity Supply Chain, especially the electric utility. It is using Big Data for generating extra businesses, and for improving operational conditions. The smart meter and the smart grid, using sensors and the Big Data, coordinate a more precise cycle of production and consumption, transforming Electricity Supply Chain into a responsiveness one with real date and virtual networks.
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Bergs, Thomas, Timm Grünebaum, Antonia Splettstößer, Alexander Beckers, and Sebastian Barth. "Prozesskettenoptimierung in der Fräserfertigung/Process chain optimization in end mill production." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 11-12 (2020): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-11-12-64.
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Die Auswirkungen der fertigungsbedingten Oberflächen- und Randzoneneigenschaften von Fräswerkzeugen auf ihr Einsatzverhalten sind wenig erforscht. Zudem sind die Wechselwirkungen entlang der Prozesskette zur Herstellung dieser Werkzeuge unzureichend bekannt. Durch die Erforschung der Entstehung der fertigungsbedingten Oberflächen- und Randzoneneigenschaften von beschichteten Vollhartmetallfräsern entlang der Prozesskette sowie ihres Einflusses auf das Funktionsverhalten soll eine Wissensbasis zur Optimierung von Hochleistungsfräsern geschaffen werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein entsprechendes Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt. The effects of the manufacturing-related surface and external zone characteristics of end mills on their cutting behaviour are little known. In addition, the interactions along the process chain for manufacturing these tools are insufficiently known. By investigating the generation of the manufacturing-related surface and external zone characteristics of coated cemented carbide end mills along the process chain and their influence on the functional behaviour, a knowledge base for the optimisation of high-performance end mills shall be created.
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Muzareba, Abureza M., and Mubina Khondkar. "Insights on Production End of the Dairy Value Chain in Bangladesh." American Journal of Qualitative Research 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/10833.
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Li, Xiaohui, Shaoning Liang, Wen-Jun Wang, Bo-Geng Li, Yingwu Luo, and Shiping Zhu. "Model-Based Production of Polymer Chains Having Precisely Designed End-to-End Gradient Copolymer Composition and Chain Topology Distributions in Controlled Radical Polymerization, A Review." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2015): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.201500012.
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Li, Fu Chang. "The Construction, Problems and Solutions of Yunnan Germanium Technology Chain." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.778.
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Germanium technology chain is technically interdependent between germanium intra-industry and industry, as a technical interface between the "chain", it's a series of processes between germanium intra-industry and related industries for the products or services of the final transaction the germanium. Yunnan has initially formed set germanium mining, deep processing, research and development of more complete integration of germanium technology chain. But Yunnan downstream processing technology chain only extended to the end products, accessories production. And the high value-added end products do not yet have the production technology to build a competitive technology chain. Therefore, Yunnan has to improve the technical level of the prior art chain, integrated innovation of technology chain, the introduction of the end-product technology chain, vigorously develop the build germanium manufacturing technology chain, development germanium reverse reuse, recycle, recycling and environmentally friendly processing technology chain positively .So that Yunnan technology chain can be developed and improved very well.
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Tariang, Edzzuko Shiomy, Agnes Estephina Loho, and Juliana Ruth Mandei. "DESKRIPSI RANTAI PASOK MEBEL BERBAHAN BAKU KAYU KELAPA (STUDI KASUS DI BLPT GMIM KAATEN KOTA TOMOHON)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 14, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.3.2018.22271.
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This study aims to describe the supply chain of coconut wood-based furniture (Case Study at the Technical Education Training Center or Kaaten BLPT, Tomohon City). This research was conducted forthree months from September to November 2017. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct observation in the field and direct interviews with one coconutfarmer and two employees of the Technical Education Training Center (BLPT), so that the total respondents were three people. Secondary data is obtained from the company documents. The results showed that Supply Chain Furniture made from coconut wood from the BLPT Kaaten consists of four Main Chains, namely: Suppliers; Producer; Expedition Services; and End Consumers; with details starting from (a) Supplier of coconut wood raw materials spread in several regions, including Lemoh,Tanawangko, Airmadidi, Kembes, Tenggari, Kaima, Bitung, Lolak and Belang, (b) BLPT Kaaten for purchasing, production, sales, and shipping, (c) Expedition Services to send products from the port of Bitung outside the Sulawesi region, Java Island and to be exported to the destination country, (d) End Consumers. Two of the three streams found in the process of implementing Supply Chain Management are well managed, namely the flow of goods / products and information flow. These two streams have caused coconut wood-based furniture production to continue to operate.*eprm*.
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Aryani, Adriana Sari, Yulian Syahputri, and Hermawan Hermawan. "VALUE CHAIN PALM OIL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS ON THE POLYOL POLYESTER PATHWAY." IJTI (International Journal of Transportation and Infrastructure) 2, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijti.v2i2.964.
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Palm oil is one of important Indonesia's export commodities. In 2017, the export value of palm oil and its derivatives (excluding oleochemicals and biodiesel) penetrated US $ 22.97 billion. The bright prospect of the palm oil commodity in the world vegetable oil trade encouraged the Indonesian government to develop an integrated palm oil industry. On the other hand, some downstream petrochemical products have begun to experience difficulties in raw materials, including Polyurethane. Polyurethane is a polymeric material from polyols and isocyanates which are widely used as packaging. Polyol itself is a polyether produced from the petroleum fraction. The polyol industry can be developed in the industrial tree branch of glycerol / glycerin in the large palm oil industry tree. Glycerin is generally the most end product of the palm oil fractionation industry, after cooking oil, margarine, shortening, and soap. In addition, glycerin is also a by-product of fatty acid esterification during biodiesel production. The value chain analysis carried out in the palm oil industry chain shows that polyol production has added new pathways that can extend the palm oil downstream industry chain. Analysis carried out on the main chain and the combined oil palm industry chain has been successfully used to map the polyol industry value chain on the palm oil track. The extension of the palm oil industry value chain on the polyol industry pathway can unite the industry with the chain of production of the petrochemical industry, in this case polyurethane, which at least can help substitute raw materials. A more detailed analysis of the perceptions of the role of the polyol industry in two directions, namely the palm oil industry chain with the polyurethane industry shows that there is a very large intersection of interests. Almost all perceptions of the role of key value chain activities in the polyurethane industry can be covered by the role of the value chain main activities in the palm oil polyol industry. Both value chains can be said to complement and complement each other. The production of polyester polyols can be absorbed by the needs of the polyurethane industry.
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Karabasil, Nedjeljko, Mirjana Dimitrijevic, Natasa Kilibarda, Vlado Teodorovic, and Milan Baltic. "Significance of salmonella in pork production chain." Veterinarski glasnik 62, no. 5-6 (2008): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0806259k.
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Animals, feed, meat and meat products are often transported across long distances, being an important part of international trade, which enables a dissemination of salmonella, including even of some resistant strains. Pigs are animals which are difficult to manipulate because of their temperament, build, sharp teeth, irritability, good sense of smell, bad sight and their sensitivity to stress. Animals coming from different farms should be separated in stock yards to prevent both contamination with pathogens such as salmonella and their irritation and aggressiveness caused by contacts with other pigs. These animals are usually a significant reservoir of salmonella which are 'inside' the gastrointestinal tract and gut associated lymph tissue. In contrast to our country, in the EU, even countries which have always had low salmonella prevalence, e.g. Finland, have a control program. The program has to be based on a guarantee that all relevant factors will participate in the prevention of salmonella contamination.
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Clementi, M., C. Fontana, and A. Rogora. "OPEN NETWORK FOR LOCAL SELF SUSTAINABILITY, BOOSTING BIOREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AN OPEN DATA SHARING SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-27-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The paper presents an online geodatabase currently under development. Its name is Open NETwork for Local Self Sustainability and the website address is www.oloss.net.The goal of this platform is to publish and share information about production and consumption chain oriented towards the use of locally available resources. To this end, it provides an open standard of supply chains georeferenced representation, and the ability to georefer data generally used in the context of life cycle analysis of products and services. This standard has the purpose of representing production and consumption chains in the form of Impact Geographies (IGs). This database may provide public administration centers, research centers, NGOs, planners and designers with information useful to develop projects geared towards the optimal use of local resources, consistent with the bioregional development paradigm (Sale, 1985) (Scudo, 2016). The bioregional approach promotes trans-scalar regional supply and demand chains where food and energy are grown, produced, sold and consumed within a certain territorial unit.</p>
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Yoon, Borham, Yeasun Chung, and Kyungyul Jun. "Restaurant Industry Practices to Promote Healthy Sustainable Eating: A Content Analysis of Restaurant Websites Using the Value Chain Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 7127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177127.
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The purpose of this study is to help researchers and restaurant owners gain an understanding of healthy sustainable initiatives within restaurant businesses. This study applied a content analysis of 93 restaurant chains’ websites with a systematic coding procedure. The study identified fifteen healthy sustainable initiatives under a value chain framework, four of which follow value chain dimensions: sourcing, production, marketing, and service. The most frequently mentioned healthy sustainable practice was presenting nutrition-related information, followed by providing healthy menu options and using organic/natural produce. Sit-down restaurants were more likely to engage in healthy sustainable eating initiatives than were fast-food restaurants (e.g., increasing the availability of healthy options, smaller/reduced portion sizes, using fresh and local food, and using healthy cooking methods). This study contributes to the restaurant/foodservice management and food marketing literature by showing a comprehensive picture of what U.S. restaurant chains are doing to promote healthy sustainable eating. The findings can be used as a benchmark tool for practitioners to evaluate and develop healthy sustainable restaurant initiatives and as the foundation of measurement items for scholars.
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Seifert, Achim. "Corporate social responsibility and protection of workers’ human rights: the case of Germany." Lex Social: Revista de Derechos Sociales 10, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/lexsocial.5071.
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The following Article analyzes recent developments of German law regarding CSR and the protection of human rights in the production sites of foreign subsidiaries and suppliers of German companies. It gives a brief overview on the National Action Plan of the Federal Government, adopted in 2016, analyzes possibilities of a direct enforcement of human rights violations before German courts and gives a survey on some relevant instruments German law uses to promote the respect of human rights by German companies (e.g. CSR transparency and public procurement law). Finally, the current debate on the adoption of a “Supply Chains Act” is briefly assessed. The author argues that the CSR debate in Germany has reached a crossroad with the Federal Government’s initiative for a “Supply Chains Act” since such Act would probably establish a supply chain due diligence and also a delictual liability of German companies for human rights violations caused by a non-compliance with its statutory duties to control its supply chain. However, the outcome of this ongoing debate still is unclear.
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Vošta, M. "The foodstuffs market in the CR and its regulation within the framework of the EU agricultural policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 6 (June 24, 2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/103/2013-agricecon.
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The food market is created by the farmers, whose importance arises from their production of the raw materials from which food is made. These products are processed and supplied to the retail chains, where they are offered to the end consumers. The food market is further regulated, and in a certain sense limited, by the EU organs, as well as by the domestic agricultural policies, by the means of a whole host of directives, norms and regulations. The aim of this article is to define the individual organs on the food market in the CR, to evaluate their work in the food chain from the production of the primary raw materials to their distribution to the end consumer. The article will also present the selected regulatory factors of the market in the context of the EU agricultural policy.
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Kulibaba, R., and A. Tereshchenko. "Transforming growth factor β1, pituitary-specifi c transcriptional factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor I gene polymorphisms in the population of the Poltava clay chicken breed: association with productive traits." Agricultural Science and Practice 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp2.01.067.
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Aim. To investigate the gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), pituitary-specifi c transcriptional factor 1 (PIT-1) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the population of Poltava clay chicken breed, used for egg and meat production, and to analyze the association of different genotypes for each locus with productive traits. Methods. Genotyping of the chickens was performed using the polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results. Transforming growth factor TGF-β1, pituitary-specifi c transcriptional factor PIT-1, and insulin-like growth factor IGF-I were shown to be polymorphic in the studied populations. The association between genotypes by the loci TGF-β1 and PIT-1 and the indices of egg and meat production of chickens was demonstrated. Conclusions. The data on the genetic structure of the population of Poltava clay chicken breed by loci TGF-β1 and PIT-1 is recommended for the targeted selection of chickens to produce offspring with desirable genotypes, which will, in addition to classical breeding methods, reveal the productive potential of chickens as effi ciently as possible.
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Wang, Yong, and Pei Lin Zhang. "Collaborative Information Research on Fresh Production under Supply Chain Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.904.
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Through the analysis of collaborative development process of supply chain and information system, this dissertation analyses how to achieve the collaboration between fresh supply chain and efficient information system. Meanwhile, it puts forward the concept of collaborative management information system of supply chain. The paper introduces the construction scheme of the collaborative agricultural supply chain management information system. In the end, the paper makes five reasonable suggestions about material procurement, transportation, warehousing, and distribution and information system construction, which with respect to integrated supply information, supplier management and produce-marketing integration.
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Ghasempour, Atena, and Ebrahim Ahmadi. "Assessment of environment impacts of egg production chain using life cycle assessment." Journal of Environmental Management 183 (December 2016): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.054.
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Anastasiadis, Foivos, and Nigel Poole. "Emergent supply chains in the agrifood sector: insights from a whole chain approach." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 20, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2014-0259.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report research into emergent supply chain management (SCM) practices in a context in which the imperative for business development requires efficient inter-firm collaboration. It explores the way key supply chain (SC) actors perceive entrepreneurial opportunities and evaluates their SC processes. Design/methodology/approach – A whole chain approach, using qualitative methods, was used to investigate retail, wholesale and production links, with a special focus on small businesses which predominate in the agrifood sector. The methodology used is of vital importance to understand the complexity of the sector and the interdependencies among stakeholders. Findings – Results suggest several SC malfunctions originating in diverse strategic planning practices and different entrepreneurial mentalities which hinder the process of emergence from traditional to more modern chain configurations. The fact that the nature of new opportunities in the agrifood sector (e.g. organics) was poorly understood, obstructs further development of the agrifood sector. Other key findings suggest problematic flows of information within the SC and minimal trust among stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – Sampling constraints suggest that caution should be exercised in extrapolating these conclusions elsewhere. Nonetheless, further investigation using similar approach should be applied in a wider context not only in Greece but also in other similar economies characterized by nascent SCs. Originality/value – The study investigates the entire SC of a vital sector for numerous small- and medium-sized enterprises, with lessons for diverse emerging agribusiness economies. Insights, not only for the direct SC stakeholders but also for policymakers, could serve to unlock the potential of such sectors and also the exploitation of new opportunities in emerging markets which can be stifled by stagnant sectoral structures and conservative business attitudes.
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Bortnikova, Liudmyla. "OPPORTUNITIES OF VALUE CREATION GLOBAL CHAINS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.173.
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Introduction. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) face with many obstacles in the process of joining the global value chains. They include small scale of businesses (large corporations require bigger volumes of raw materials), relatively higher production costs, information vacuum, scarce resources for innovations, limited access to finance, weak institutional support, and, in general, the poor ability to compete with large firms in research and entry into global markets. Purpose. The article aims to reveal the opportunities and barriers for small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine in the value creation global chain. Results. Significant prospects for Ukrainian SME in value creation global chains are opening up in the field of green investments (production of environmentally friendly products or energy efficient appliances etc.). However, there is a serious risk to business in value chains: the end-producer puts suppliers in a strict framework, where the supplier actually loses the functions of an independent enterprise, and becomes the “sub-unit” of a large corporation. The role of the state in developing export potential of SME to integrate them in global value-added chains is crucial, namely, informing about the possibilities of participation in global chains, the preferential financing of SME as participants of chains, protection of intellectual property and tax incentives for innovative enterprises, subsidies for product standardization. Ukraine should join the international standards of value added reporting by type of enterprises.
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Timsina, Krishna P., Ram C. Bastakoti, and Ganesh P. Shivakoti. "Achieving strategic fit in onion seed supply chain." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (November 14, 2016): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-03-2014-0012.
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Purpose The analysis focuses on the perspective of overall strategic fit in the supply chain of onion seed in Nepal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze current status of onion seed sector in Nepal from the perspective of selected functional strategies that fit in supply chain, and also identifies how various actors involved coordinate among each other. Design/methodology/approach The integrated approach has been used. It is an actor-oriented approach used to trace product flows. Supply chains generally include several actors for the onion seeds supply chain in Nepal, all those actors may or may not be applicable. However, initial approach would be to first look for these actors then subsequently identify existing supply and its actors. Some traditional methods of product and market analysis isolate operational costs along various stages of production. But, this paper used more comprehensive methodology that has taken into account an entire spectrum of associated activities and inputs. Findings Result revealed that the market actors of supply chain are taking significant benefit of value addition due to more investment in value creation. Vertical coordination is completely absent and the existence of horizontal coordination is in fragile form. The functional strategies in the upstream as well as the market side are not properly matching with the preference of the downstream actors of supply chain. It is suggested that the supply chain activities should work with different functional strategies such as proper drying and storage of seed and production of preferred varieties to satisfy the need of end consumers. Research limitations/implications It covers a single crop. Originality/value The findings and methodological discussions aim at providing practical guidance for supply chain researchers on how to analyze the strategic fit in supply chain.
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Ingweye, J. Naligwu, G. Adokiye Kalio, and F. Imokhaide Ologbose. "Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria." Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 27, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 2217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270121.271.
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The study evaluated the quality of eggs and constraints facing smallholder egg producers (≤10,000 layers) in Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Desk study, survey of 47 farmers, Focused Group Discussion with eight farmers and weighing of eggs were done at Obio-Akpor, Oyigbo and Etche Municipal Councils out of the eight in Greater Port Harcourt City. Farmers were administered pre-structured questionnaires. Open questions from a checklist were used for in-depth interviews with 22 stakeholders. Thirty eggs per grade were weighed using a digital scale. Numerical data were evaluated using the SPSS statistical package, while qualitative information was assessed using matrices and content analysis. Results indicate that most farmers (56%) sort and grade their eggs for better prices but time constraint discourages others from doing so. The size was the only egg grading criterion used. A five-grade system (jumbo, extra-large, large, small, and bullet) was used. The most important quality parameters were size (41%), shell colour (29%), cleanliness (28%) and weight (2%). Customers prefer brown-shelled (82%) eggs to white (15%). Significant constraints faced by farmers were input-based (high cost and low quality feed, drug breeds, veterinary services, lack of loans); management (staff misbehaviour) and infrastructure (bad roads and poor electricity supply) related. Other stakeholders face quality challenges (small size, dirty eggs, rotting of eggs, no uniformity, low or no grading, high returns rate), financing, egg handling and marketing challenges. Proffered solutions include better chain coordination, local sourcing of eggs, improved quality control, establishment of egg aggregation centres, and introduction of machine-based grading, grade-based pricing and reduction in local production costs. Others include formation of cooperatives and bulk input purchases, improved staff motivation and better quality control. Smallholders’ access to the egg market can be improved by producing brown-shelled eggs of large, extra-large and jumbo sizes.
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Hung, Lam Quoc, Huong Minh Nguyen, Ta Thi Yen, Le Vinh Hoa, Tran Hong Ba, Pham Le Quyen, Do Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thanh Trung, and Le Thi Hong Hao. "Isolation and characterization of staphylococcus aureus from two large-scale food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.17.eng.
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In Vietnam and around the world, Staphylococcus aureus remains a major hazard of food safety and food poisoning. S. aureus is present in many places and easily contaminates food production during processing chains. In this study, we successfully isolated S. aureus strains from suspected samples of two food borne poisoning outbreaks in Ha Giang and Vinh Phuc in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The collected samples were examined for presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by using 3MTMTECRATM Staph Enterotoxin kit, from there all the samples were positive with SEs. Different strains of S. aureus were isolated and then confirmed by MALDI-TOF technique. Those strains then were stored in Brain heart solution with 15% glycerol until further analysis. Our results identified three STs, ST96, ST88 (spa type t7558), and ST72 (spa type t3092), were responsible for two outbreaks. Two virulence genes detected from the above strains were sea and sec. Furthermore, these strains are test for antibiotic resistance susceptibility with commonly antibiotics. Penicillin are found to be resisted by all three STs, in particularly, ST96 and ST88 are both resistant to erythromycin while ST72 is resistant to gentamicin. Taken together, our study highlights the usefulness of molecular characterization to study and monitor bacterial pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam.
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Nozari, Hamed, Mohammad Fallah, Hamed Kazemipoor, and Seyed Esmaeil Najafi. "Big data analysis of IoT-based supply chain management considering FMCG industries." Business Informatics 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-814x.2021.1.78.96.
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Supply chain is one of the main pillars of manufacturing and industrial companies whose smartness can help business to be intelligent. To this end, the use of innovative technologies to make it smart is always a concern. The smart supply chain utilizes innovative tools to enhance quality, improve performance and facilitate the decision-making process. Internet of things (IoT) is one of the key components of the IT infrastructure for the development of smart supply chains that have high potential for creating sustainability in systems. Furthermore, IoT is one of the most important sources of big data generation. Big data and strategies for data analysis as a deep and powerful solution for optimizing decisions and increasing productivity are growing rapidly. For this reason, this paper attempts to examine informative supply chain development strategies by investigating the supply chain in FMCG industries as a special case and to provide a complete analytical framework for building a sustainable smart supply chain using IoT-based big data analytics. The proposed framework is based on the IoT implementation methodology, with emphasis on the use of input big data and expert reviews. Given the nature of the FMCG industry, this can lead to better production decisions.
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Mares, Radu. "The Limits of Supply Chain Responsibility: A Critical Analysis of Corporate Responsibility Instruments." Nordic Journal of International Law 79, no. 2 (2010): 193–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181010x12668401898995.
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AbstractOne challenge in the area of supply chain management has been achieving sustainable compliance with labour rights throughout the entire production chain, including lower tiers of production. This article inquires specifically around sub-contracting, especially what is a brand's or a buyer's responsibility regarding workers' rights beyond its first tier of suppliers. In-depth literature on this issue remains scarce despite buyer's responsibility being at the core of outsourcing, the very area that brought disrepute to Nike and thus moved corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the international limelight 15 years ago. This article reviews 12 prominent CSR instruments and asks: do they provide legitimacy to calls that buyers should be responsible for labour conditions down their supply chains? Where do these responsibilities end as abuses become more remote and take place at lower tiers of the value chain? What are the concepts, the principles that attribute responsibility to the buyer company and what concepts are used to limit these responsibilities? What strategies exist to improve conditions at sub-contractor level? Reading a dozen CSR instruments with a keen eye to sub-contracting reveals a staggering diversity of answers. The responsibility of the core company, particularly the limits of responsibility, move in and out of focus. Questions around buyers' responsibilities remain open, but there is a wealth of concepts and experience to draw upon. Professor Ruggie, a United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary General, could bring clarity in this area of CSR and is invited to reconsider the justification, scope and content of a buyer company's responsibility to protect workers' rights in its value chains.
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Manniello, Canio, Dina Statuto, Andrea Di Pasquale, Gerardo Giuratrabocchetti, and Pietro Picuno. "Planning the Flows of Residual Biomass Produced by Wineries for the Preservation of the Rural Landscape." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030847.
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Circular economy aims to create a system that allows an optimal reuse of products and materials. According to an appropriate planning hierarchy, agricultural and agro-food co-products, by-products and wastes should be primarily employed to re-balance soil fertility, and afterwards valorized as new secondary raw materials used in the same agricultural sector or in different industrial chains (e.g., cosmetics, nutraceuticals, etc.). Finally, only at the end of this process, they could be conveyed to energy production through co-generation. In this paper, different residues generated by the wine production chain have been considered with reference to the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). These biomasses have been quantitatively assessed and qualitatively classified, in order to find the most rational and convenient solution for their valorization from a technical, economic and environmental point of view. From the spatial analysis—elaborated by implementing a Geographic Information System—some thematic maps have been obtained, which allow us to highlight the areas with the highest concentration of residues. In this way, focusing the analysis on these areas, some possible strategies for their management and valorization have been proposed, so as to restore soil fertility and contribute to the sustainable preservation of the rural landscape.
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La Rosa and Grammatikos. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cotton and Other Natural Fibers for Textile Applications." Fibers 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7120101.
Full textAbstract:
Among natural fibers, such as cotton, silk, wool, flax, hemp, etc., cotton is the one that takes up the highest percentage in the textile market. Nevertheless, there are obstacles associated with its cultivation; it is restricted to sub-tropical climates, and it is dependent upon high amounts of water, as well as the use of agrochemicals to ensure good yields. The use of pesticides and other types of chemical products give a negative impact on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in the present study in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and fibers production for textiles. Comparisons among traditional and organic cropping have been carried out. Further comparisons are described with other natural fibers, such as jute, hemp and kenaf, in order to identify the strong and weak points of each product. Weak (e.g., lack of supply, transportation and storage of biomass, infancy of the value chain, lack of production/distribution chains, etc.) and strong aspects (e.g., market potential, rural development, environmental benefits, etc.) are considered for the production of each type of fiber.