Academic literature on the topic 'Productive symptom'
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Journal articles on the topic "Productive symptom"
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LeBlanc, Matthew Roger, Thomas William LeBlanc, and Sophia Kustas Smith. "A prototype mobile application to improve communication about symptom management." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.27.
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27 Background: Cancer patients report many physical and emotional symptoms which can go unreported and underestimated resulting in unmet needs. Research suggests systematic collection of symptom data is associated with decreased emergency department use, increased quality of life, treatment toleration and overall survival. The multiple myeloma (MM) patient population is noted to have high symptom burden and represent an important target for intervention. This project aimed to develop a prototype app to facilitate MM patient/clinician communication about symptom management. Methods: 15 MM patients and 11 MM clinicians were interviewed to better understand patients’ symptom experience and management practices and preferences. Insights gained guided development of a prototype MM Coach mobile app. The think aloud protocol and cognitive interviewing were used to test usability and the prototype was iteratively refined. Results: Subjects highlighted a need for better symptom tracking over time, medication adherence tools, and real-time feedback to help patients self-manage symptoms. Our prototype app contains several modules designed to facilitate MM patient symptom management. 1) Track Symptoms; Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale patients track bothersome symptoms whenever they occur. 2) Track Medications; Patients can set up medication alerts and log medication use. 3) Track Mood; Patients record and track their distress level using the Distress Thermometer. 4) Relaxation Tools; This module contains a number of useful mind body activities such as guided imagery. 5) Get Support; Links to MM and non-MM related sources of support. 6) Prepare for Appointments; This module facilitates patients’ prioritizing issues to facilitate productive clinical encounters. 7) Insights; Patients and clinicians can review trends in symptom burden and medication adherence. 8) Learn; Educational content on topics relevant to MM symptoms such as pain, fatigue, depression. Conclusions: Our team is currently working with mobile app developers to build a version for the iOS AppStore and Android GooglePlay store. A pilot will be conducted to evaluate acceptability and feasibility in preparation for a clinical trial.
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An, Ran, Yuan Luo, Wen-Feng Chen, Muhammad Sohaib, and Mei-Zi Liu. "Global trends and knowledge-relationship of symptom clusters in cancer research: a bibliometric analysis over the past 20 years." Frontiers of Nursing 10, no. 3 (2023): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0031.
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Abstract Objective To use CiteSpace and VOSviewer to investigate the scientific production in the field of symptom clusters in cancer research. Methods The search was performed using the terms “symptom clusters,” “cancer,” and “oncology” on the Web of Science Core Collection database. The retrieval time was from 2001 to 2021, which covers the last 2 decades. Based on the production theory of scientific knowledge and the data mining of citations, data pertaining to the annual publications, journals, countries, organizations, authors, and keywords that produce symptom clusters in cancer research, as well as their cooperation (collaboration network), were extracted, and then both were clarified by the software tools VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) and CiteSpace (version 6.1.R2). Results A total of 1796 publications were retrieved between 2001 and 2021, and 473 relevant publications were included after screening. The results showed an increasing trend in published articles. The United States had the largest number of publications (261/473, 55.18%), followed by China and Canada. The University of California, San Francisco, was the most productive institution. Current research hotspots included the analysis of symptom clusters and symptom management in patients with breast cancer and lung cancer, as well as any advanced cancer and cancer cachexia; fatigue-related symptom clusters and depression-anxiety symptom cluster; and the impacts of symptom clusters on quality of life. The research frontiers included analysis between health-related quality of life and symptom clusters, data mining in symptom clusters, research on the mental health status of cancer patients, and study of the mechanism and biological pathways of symptom clusters. Conclusions The study provides insight into the global research perspective for the scientific progress on cancer symptom clusters, which suggests a growing scientific interest in this field, and more studies are warranted to guide symptom management.
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J. Pandya, PhD, Dr Shridhar, Dr Chetan H. Savaliya, PhD, Dr Vaishnavi B. Shiravale, Pharm D, and Dr Dheeraj H. Nagore, PhD. "A Clinical Validation Of Efficacy And Safety Of Polyherbal Formulation For Symptomatic Relief Of Acute Non-Productive Cough And Throat Irritation." Journal of Respiratory Medicine and Research 10, no. 1 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52338/jrmr.2025.4650.
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Introduction: Acute nonproductive cough, often caused by upper respiratory tract infections, is a very common and disturbing symptom. Conventional treatments often cause undesirable side effects, and existing herbal formulations lack sufficient efficacy data, highlighting the need for safer approaches. A randomized, controlled clinical study that compared efficacy of polyherbal syrup (GP/PROD/2021/004) versus marketed syrup for relief of acute nonproductive cough and throat irritation. Method: A randomized, parallel-group, multicentric, active-controlled clinical trial enrolled 65 participants aged 18-65 years with acute nonproductive cough. Participants were randomized to receive either the polyherbal syrup (test group) or marketed syrup (control group) for five days. Outcomes included changes in day/night cough frequency, throat irritation, symptom relief duration, and drowsiness using various Likert scales. Results: After five days of treatment with the polyherbal syrup (GP/PROD/2021/004), 83.3% of participants experienced relief from daytime cough, while 90% reported relief from nighttime cough. More than 90% of participants showed improvement in throat irritation, chest pain, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Notably, all participants reported complete resolution of throat clearing and sore throat, and 95% experienced relief from cough and throat irritation after their first morning dose. No adverse events were reported, and no recurrence of cough symptoms was observed following treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: The polyherbal syrup demonstrated significant efficacy in alleviating acute nonproductive cough and associated symptoms, providing rapid and sustained relief without inducing drowsiness or symptom recurrence. These findings support the potential role of polyherbal syrup in offering effective, well-tolerated alternatives for cough management. Keywords : Endocannabinoid system; Immune system; Ramos cell line; Daudi cell line; Raji cell line; Jurkat cell line; Molt-4 cell line.
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Babak, S. L., M. V. Gorbunova, M. A. Karnaushkina, and V. S. Borovitsky. "MUCOACTIVE THERAPY FOR PRODUCTIVE COUGH: CHOOSING THE DRUG." Вестник ЦНИИТ 8, no. 3 (2024): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.57014/2587-6678-2024-8-3-5-19.
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Productive cough is the most common symptom for patients’ referrals to medical institutions. It is mainly caused by enhanced tracheobronchial secretion typical for most pulmonary diseases. In this context, the universal mechanisms of bronchopulmonary protection directly depend on the quality, rheological and protective properties of the mucins. That is why effective mucoactive therapy considers both diagnosis and properties of a mucoactive drug, which should affect the key components, production and transport of the bronchial mucus. This article represents a comprehensive review of mucin characteristics and two drugs, which are widely used in clinical practice – ambroxol and erdosteine.
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Soge, Bergitha, Elisabet Tangkonda, Antin Y. N. Widi, Maxs U. E. Sanam, and Herlina Umbu Deta. "Evaluasi Efektivitas Antibiotik Komersil Terhadap Agen Penyebab Gejala Snot pada Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Kupang." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 11, no. 2 (2023): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v11i2.13075.
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Snot is a symptom of upper respiratory system infections in poultry, characterized by exudate production from the nasal cavity, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, snoring, sneezing, and dyspnoea. The aetiology of snot that have been isolated are Avibaterium paragallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Mycoplasma sp. Snot symptom can be eradicated with antibiotic treatment; however, antibiotic resistance makes antibiotic treatment ineffective. This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some commercial antibiotics against bacteria isolated from broiler chicken with snot symptom in Kupang Regency. Amoxycillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin were tested using the Kirby Bauer method with McFarland Turbidity Standard against Avibacterium paragallinarum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma sp isolates. Inhibition zones were measured and compared to the standard of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) to determine the sensitivity or resistance percentage. The result showed that Avibacterium paragallinarum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma sp were highly resistant to amoxycillin and ampicillin, yet most sensitif to ciprofloxacin. This suggests commercial antibiotics that are productive to eradicate snot symptom and implies some antibiotics that are ineffective to overcome snot symptom and hence should not be used in the field.
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Boura, Despoina, Marios Spanakis, George Markakis, et al. "Exploring the Relationship between Wind Patterns and Hospital Admissions Due to Respiratory Symptoms in Children." Children 11, no. 6 (2024): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11060717.
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Respiratory disorders significantly impact adolescents' health, often resulting in hospital admissions. Meteorological elements such as wind patterns have emerged as potential contributors to respiratory symptoms. However, it remains uncertain whether fluctuations in wind characteristics over extended periods have a tangible impact on respiratory health, particularly in regions characterized by distinct annual wind patterns. Crete is situated in the central-eastern Mediterranean Sea and frequently faces southerly winds carrying Sahara Desert sand from Africa and northerly winds from the Aegean Sea. This retrospective study analyzes long-term wind direction data and their relationship to respiratory symptoms observed in children up to 14 years old admitted at the University Hospital of Heraklion between 2002 and 2010. Symptoms such as headache, dyspnea, dry cough, dizziness, tachypnea, throat ache, and earache were predominantly reported during the presence of southern winds. Fever, productive cough, and chest pain were more frequently reported during northern winds. Cough was the most common symptom regardless of the wind pattern. Southern winds were significantly associated with higher probabilities of productive or non-productive cough, headache, dyspnea, tachypnea, dizziness, earache, and throat ache. Northern winds were related to a higher incidence of productive cough. Rhinitis, asthma, allergies, pharyngitis, and sinusitis were related to southern winds, while bronchiolitis and pneumonia were associated with northern winds. These findings underscore the critical role of local climatic factors, emphasizing their potential impact on exacerbating respiratory conditions in children. Moreover, they point out the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for at-risk populations.
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Scaramozzino, Marco Umberto, Veronica Nassisi, Angelo Coppola, Giovanni Sapone, and Francesco Loddo. "It is possible a co-infection with two atypical pathogens? A strange case report." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 5 (2024): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.5.732-735.
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“Atypical” pneumonias are clinically distinct and fo not tipically present with high fever, productive cough or lobar consolidation. The primary etiological agents include Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Legionella Pneumophila. This case report details a young asthmatic patient who developed a dual infection with Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, which exacerbated the patient’s asthma symptoms, resulting in significant complications. A literature review highlights the potential for such atypical infections to aggravate respiratory conditions in patients with pre-existing asthma. Clinical management involving antibiotic therapy and respiratory support, led to a gradual resolution of symptoms. This case underscores the importance of considering atypical infections in differential diagnosis of asthmatic patients experiencing acute symptom worsening.
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Joya, Aneeqa Mumtaz, Iram Manzoor, Saadia Maqbool, Tayaba Waheed, Usama Afzal, and Muntaha Muzaffer. "PATTERN OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN MOTORCYCLISTS IN LAHORE." Journal of Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College 02, no. 04 (2020): 183–88. https://doi.org/10.51127/jamdcv02i04oa02.
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Background:Road-traffic emissions induce adverse health effects, mainlyrespiratoryhealth problems.Due to long-term exposure to these air pollutants, motorcyclists are at high riskof developing respiratory illnesses orworsening pre-existent diseases.This study aimed to determine the pattern of respiratory symptomsin motorcyclists in Lahore.Material and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectionalstudy was conductedfrom Jan 2019-July 2019 among motorcyclists in Lahore. Using convenience sampling technique, a sample of 209 motorcyclistswas selected.A self-constructed pre-tested questionnaire was used.Data wereanalyzed usingSPSS version 23.Results:The mean age of participants was 34.8±11.4years. The mean duration of using a motorcycle was 14.9±8.8years.The majority of motorcyclists traveled1-3 hours per day.About 38.3% participants reported of having frequent respiratory illnesses. The cough was the main symptom reported by 63.6% of participants. Other reported symptoms were wheezing(20.1%), shortness of breath(37.8%), chest tightness(33.5%), nasal congestion (17.7%),sneezing (39.7%)irritation of the throat(47.4%),and asthma(22.5%). Only 29% of motorcyclists usedmaskswhile riding the bikes. Twenty-two percent of respondents gave a history of hospitalization due to respiratory illnesses.Conclusion:The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among motorcyclists was high in Lahore.The cough was the main symptom,reported by 63.6% of participants. Other symptoms included productive cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, symptoms of rhinitis, irritation of throat and asthma. A very low percentage of motorcyclists usedface masks. Key Words:Air pollutants, Cough,Asthma
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Syed, Azfar Shahid, Rhonda E. Colombo, Bakhtiar S. Syed, and Peter M. Henning. "Treatment-resistant cough: a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease involving the larynx." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 11 (2020): e237614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237614.
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IgG4-related autoimmune diseases (IgG4 RD) are a relatively recently recognised group of disease processes that can affect multiple organ systems and result in protean symptoms. Here, we present a rare case of a 69-year-old man with a history of IgG4 RD affecting his lacrimal gland and pancreas who developed symptoms of severe laryngitis not responsive to usual therapy. He presented with non-productive cough, hoarseness and dyspnoea. Imaging findings suggestive of aortitis and laryngeal inflammation in the setting of his IgG4 RD history prompted treatment with rituximab, which resulted in resolution of his laryngeal symptoms. Subsequently, his cough returned and he required periodic rituximab infusions to stay symptom-free. IgG4 RD of the larynx is an uncommonly reported manifestation in literature. This disease is very responsive to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment. IgG4 RD should be considered in patients with airway symptoms that are especially refractory to usual therapy.
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Wing, J. K. "The Concept of Negative Symptoms." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, S7 (1989): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500029140x.
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In a recent edition of the Schizophrenia Bulletin devoted to negative symptoms, the editor suggested at the beginning of his preface that what he called the “positive–negative symptom distinction” had been introduced into psychiatry only a decade previously (Levine, 1985). Many authors in the same volume seemed to agree with him; at least they did not emphasise any continuity with earlier work. There were a few notable exceptions. Since, for more than 30 years, I have seen the relationship between psychological deficit (cognitive defect, negative syndrome) and the productive (florid, positive) symptoms as lying at the heart of the mystery of schizophrenia, it seemed possible that some account of how that interest arose and developed might still be timely. This is part of the history of the Social Psychiatry Research Unit of the Medical Research Council.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Productive symptom"
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RONCHI, ROBERTA. "Behavioural monitoring disorders in unilateral spatial neglect: productive symptoms and impaired awareness of disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19801.
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This doctoral thesis investigates the relationships between disorders of behavioural monitoring (including “productive” behaviours and unawareness of neuropsychological deficits) and unilateral spatial neglect in right-brain-damaged patients.
One main monitoring disorder is recurrent perseveration, namely a “productive” motor symptom frequently found in target cancellation tasks: we demonstrate, in two specific tasks (Experiments 1 and 2), that the disposition of the stimuli and the type of target modulate its severity. Neglect patients showing perseveration in visuo-motor exploratory tests perseverate also in drawing tasks. No correlation between omission and perseveration errors is found, supporting the functional independence of the two deficits. In the context of a two-component hypothesis, perseveration (the first component) is a specific disorder that manifests in a variety of tasks, particularly those requiring serial graphic production; unilateral spatial neglect (the second component) may trigger and facilitate the production of perseveration errors. Moreover results indicate that patients with perseveration are not disproportionately impaired in tasks assessing executive, visuo-spatial short-term memory, and attentional functions, suggesting the specificity of the monitoring disorder associated with spatial neglect. Lesion analysis indicates damage to the right insula as a relevant neural correlate of perseverative behaviour.
Experiment 3 shows that perseverating patients produce a majority of substitution errors during a word reading task, suggesting that also this type of paralexic neglect error can be considered a “productive” manifestation.
The clinical, experimental and neural features of another monitoring deficit and “positive” manifestation referring to the personal space, “somatoparaphrenia”, are reviewed: somatoparaphrenia is a symptom usually associated with right-sided hemispheric lesions, most often characterized by a delusion of disownership of contralesional body parts. Possible pathological factors may include a deranged representation of the body concerned with ownership, mainly right-hemisphere-based, and deficits of multisensory integration.
Finally, Experiment 4 investigates anosognosia for unilateral spatial neglect by a quantitative assessment. Results indicate that unawareness for spatial attentional and representational deficits is not a pervasive disorder, and that some tasks can evoke different degrees of awareness. In addition, the scores assigned by neglect patients to their performance in spatial tasks are not modulated by the different conditions of the estimation tasks.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that: 1) “productive”, as “defective”, manifestations of unilateral spatial neglect are multifarious; 2) these “positive” phenomena are independent of general executive deficits and of the severity of the spatial neglect syndrome; 3) the neural bases of motor productive disorders included the right insula; 4) neglect patients are not globally anosognosic about their spatial defective performances.
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INVERNIZZI, PAOLA. "Productive symptoms in right brain damage: behavioural and anatomical observations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28151.
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This thesis describes behavioural observations and anatomical investigations concerning productive symptoms observable in right brain damaged patients with spatial neglect. A "productive" symptom is defined here as a behavioural manifestation that, contrary to what observed when performance is lacking or its failure is acknowledged by patients, is characterized by the active generation of acts or verbal reports reflecting a distorted mental representation of reality.
A first classification of productive symptoms in neglect patients pertains the spatial frame of their manifestation, extrapersonal or personal. Following this classification, I examine these manifestations in separate sections of the thesis. Section 1 is dedicated to the peri/extrapersonal space, while, in Section 2, I focus on symptoms manifesting in the own bodily space.
In chapter 2, I concentrate on graphic perseveration in cancellation tasks, the main productive symptom observable for the extrapersonal space in neglect patients. Together with omission of left-sided targets, a variety of irrelevant marks over already cancelled targets on the ipsilesional side can be observed. It is not clear whether these perseverative behaviours are functionally and anatomically connected, nor whether they correlate with the severity of spatial neglect. We retrospectively identified two well-distinct forms of perseveration on cancellation tasks ("additional marks" and "inkblot") in 33 neglect patients, and we investigated their relationship with neglect severity and their anatomical correlates. We show, on both a behavioural and anatomical level, that different kinds of perseverative behaviours are differently related with neglect.
From chapter 3 onwards I concentrate on productive manifestations in personal space. One main such productive symptom is somatoparaphrenia, the delusional belief whereby a patient feels that a paralyzed limb does not belong to his body; the symptom is typically associated with unilateral neglect and most frequently with anosognosia for hemiplegia. In chapter 3, I describe the anatomical pattern associated with somatoparaphrenia in a wide sample of patients, and I propose that somatoparaphrenia occurs providing that a distributed cortical lesion pattern is present together with a subcortical lesion load that prevents most sensory input from being processed in neocortical structures.
In chapter 4, I also show how somatoparaphrenia, that, so far, has been often considered simply the most severe and delusional manifestation along a continuum of body disorders also including anosognosia for hemiplegia, can be also observed in isolation from this symptom. I report anatomical observations on a small group of pure somatoparaphrenic patients and discuss the implications of this uncommon symptomatological dissociation.
The experiments mentioned so far were based on classical anatomoclinical correlation inference. The study of productive/positive symptoms, however, would ideally need functional methods as well, in order to capture the neural correlates of the "active" component implied by the symptoms under investigation.
I present an initial attempt along these lines. I considered the delusional behaviour of patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP): this has been often classified as a “negative” symptom as patients crucially “lack” the awareness of the motor deficit. However, beyond this defective aspect, AHP is usually characterized by an active delusional component that manifests in the patients’ firm assertion of having performed a movement with the paralyzed limb, in spite of any clear evidence that no movement has actually occurred. In this case, one has to postulate the presence of a residual, and maybe misinterpreted, motor brain activity to account for this delusional component. Here I illustrate, for the first time, the missing direct imaging evidence that the illusory movement of the left plegic hand is associated with brain activation of intact cortical motor regions implicated in motor control and intention (see chapter 5). It is suggested that motor delusions observed in AHP depend on a combination of well placed lesions and the presence of some motor intentionality represented by residual activity within the spared motor cortices.
The diversity of the phenomena considered in this thesis makes it difficult to generalize anatomical considerations about productive manifestations associated with spatial neglect; yet, it is worth of notice the fact that all these disorders can be also conceptualized as self-monitoring disorders particularly related to motor/sensory control aspects in which the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus seems to play an important role. Indeed, we found it constantly involved in all the productive disorders considered, irrespective of whether defective monitoring was about the left plegic limb or the right intact one.
In addition, we find it promising the adoption of functional methods to gather a more complete description of the neural underpinnings of symptoms of great complexity like the productive ones.
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Jaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
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Le tube digestif héberge une communauté microbienne complexe, le microbiote intestinal, dont les capacités métaboliques sont plus riches et diversifiées que celles codées par le génome de l'hôte. L'implication du microbiote intestinal dans divers aspects de la physiologie de l'hôte, comme le métabolisme nutritionnel et l'immunité, est depuis longtemps étudiée. En revanche, l'action potentielle du microbiote sur le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau constitue une nouvelle piste de recherche, encore peu explorée. Dans ce contexte, nous avons réalisé une première étude générale de l'action du microbiote intestinal sur le cerveau en comparant les fonctions sensori-motrices, le comportement de type anxieux, l'état d'activation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et le profil cérébral des monoamines de rats F344 axéniques et conventionnels. Les résultats révèlent que, chez cette lignée particulièrement sensible au stress, l'absence de microbiote intestinal exacerbe le comportement de type anxieux et la réponse hormonale au stress, et atténue le métabolisme dopaminergique cérébral. Afin d'étudier par quel moyen le microbiote peut agir sur le cerveau, une seconde étude a été menée, ciblant un métabolite bactérien spécifique, l’indole, dont certains dérivés oxydés par le foie sont connus pour avoir des propriétés neuroactives. L'indole est un métabolite naturel du microbiote intestinal, dont la surproduction pourrait survenir lors d'une dysbiose du microbiote. Deux cas de surproduction ont été modélisés : chronique et aiguë. Dans les deux cas, des modifications importantes du comportement de l'hôte ont été observées. En situation de surproduction chronique, l'indole favorise des comportements de type anxieux et dépressif, tandis qu'une surproduction aiguë a un effet sédatif marqué. D'un point de vue mécanistique, nous confirmons que l’indole peut agir sur le système nerveux central par la voie sanguine impliquant les dérivés oxydés et montrons pour la première fois qu'il peut aussi agir en activant les noyaux cérébraux du nerf vague<br>The gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
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Oluwasina, Oluremi Isaac. "Maintenance improvement in the petrochemical industry / O.I. Oluwasina." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6936.
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Technology is the answer to most of our human needs but every technology is often
accompanied by other challenges which often lead to the evolvement of another technology.
One of the technologies that have greatly impacted our world is that of energy development
out of which the petro–chemical industry is an important one.
The petro–chemical industry remains the main energy hub for our world today through ranges
of products coming from its ambit but not without its own challenges too. One of which is the
issue of breakdown or shut down which always require maintenance. Shutdown, many a
times, may be planned (annual, quarterly, condition–based, time–based, preventive and so on)
or unplanned (run–to–failure).
In any case, maintenance personnel (mechanical, electrical and instrument) must perform their
duties to fix it. In the process of fixing the equipment several factors affect the effectiveness
of the personnel. To improve maintenance activities, factors affecting its effectiveness should
be addressed. Some of the factors that are already been considered are; Overall Equipment
Effectiveness(OEE), Precision maintenance, Maintainability, Computerized Maintenance
Management System (CMMS), Work Order management, Equipment, Logistics, Process
optimization, Supply chain management, Maintenance strategies, Continuous Improvement
Hours and so on. (Taylor, 2000; Siemens.com, 2010)
Of those factors, many people hardly think of ergonomics as a factor of reckoning with
maintenance activities. Ergonomics is mostly thought of in relation to operators and office
workers.
According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in U.S.A (2009),
ergonomic injuries are the most common cause of workplace illness and injury in the United
States. Back injuries and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) such as carpal tunnel
syndrome, tendinitis, bursitis and epicondylitis form the majority of non–fatal occupational
injuries and illnesses, costing employers more than 12 billion dollars per year in lost work
time, workers compensation payments and medical expenses.
Of the cost implication of ergonomics ailment reported above, how much of it is related to
maintenance activities? Is there any relationship between maintenance activities andergonomics? In what direction is the relationship? positive or negative? How much is the
impact in either direction? If it is negative, how can we mitigate it? Finally, what are the
benefits, if any? These are some of the vital questions this dissertation is set to answer in
relation to: physical, somatic, medical, overhead cost, production down–time and personnel
morale.
To achieve the afore–mentioned, several research instruments were employed which include;
case studies, questionnaires, physical observations, interviews, literature reviews, internet
resources, journals and other sources (industry experts and professionals).
Relevant keywords and concepts were thoroughly researched in the literature review which
serves as a base for the dissertation.
Two hundred technical personnel (maintenance) serve as the population sample and
questionnaires were administered to them. Technical personnel with appreciable number of
years of experience occupying managerial positions were also interviewed. The outcomes of
all the interviews, observations and questionnaires were analysed and interpreted accordingly
to verify how ergonomics impact maintenance.
This dissertation based on findings, was able to establish that ergonomics impact the activities
of maintenance personnel culminated in proposing an E4M (Ergonomics for Maintenance)
assessor. The assessor alongside utilization guidelines and a training matrix will help to
effectively mitigate the impact of ergonomics on maintenance activities. There is room for
further development of the tool into a computer based package for real–time assessment and
mitigation.
The assessor and its instruments cannot work alone without the commitment of stake–holders
in the industry. That is why recommendations were included for effective application of the
tool.
The dissertation did not overlook the good works the industry has been doing in the area of
creating awareness about repetitive stress injuries among its workforce but only complement
its efforts in areas they might not look into. That is in a bid to improve the effectiveness of its
workforce which will directly increase productivity, profit and stakeholders confidence. On the other hand, it will reduce their indirect losses through; production down–time, medical
cost and over–head costs.
However, the application of the E4M assessor is not limited to the petro–chemical industry
only but finds its applicability in other industries like; manufacturing, aviation, automobile
and any other field where maintenance activities take place particularly in third world
countries.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Batista, Carla da Silva. "Efeitos do treinamento de força e do treinamento de força com instabilidade sobre os sintomas, funcionalidade, adaptações neuromusculares e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de parkinson: estudo controlado e randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-29042016-112750/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar os efeitos de 12 semanas do treinamento de força (TF) com o treinamento de força com instabilidade (TFI) nos desfechos clínicos, na capacidade de produção de força muscular, nos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais e no volume total de treinamento (VTT) de indivíduos entre os estágios 2 e 3 da doença de Parkinson (DP). Para tanto, 39 indivíduos (testados e treinados no estado \"on\" da medicação) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram randomizados em três grupos: grupo controle nenhum exercício (GC), grupo TF (GTF) e grupo TFI (GTFI). O GTF e o GTFI realizaram 12 semanas de TF orientado à hipertrofia, duas vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Apenas o GTFI adicionou acessórios de instabilidade (e.g., BOSU®) ao TF que progrediram dos menos para os mais instáveis. Antes e após as 12 semanas foram avaliados os seguintes desfechos: a) clínicos - mobilidade (desfecho primário), sintomas motores, comprometimento cognitivo, medo de cair, equilíbrio, desempenho da marcha (distância, cadência e velocidade) em condições de dupla tarefa e qualidade de vida; b) capacidade de produção de força muscular - raiz quadrada média (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF) e retardo eletromecânico (REM) dos músculos vasto lateral, vasto medial e gastrocnêmio medial; pico de torque, taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT) e tempo de meio relaxamento (TMR) dos músculos extensores do joelho e flexores plantares; uma repetição máxima (1RM) dos membros inferiores e área de secção transversa do músculo quadríceps femoral (ASTQ) e; c) mecanismos inibitórios espinhais - inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca do músculo sóleus. O VTT foi avaliado durante o protocolo experimental para os exercícios agachamento, flexão plantar e leg-press. Do pré ao pós-treinamento, somente o GTFI melhorou todos os desfechos clínicos (P<0,05), os desfechos da capacidade de produção de força muscular (P<0,05) com exceção do TMR dos músculos extensores de joelho (P=0.068) e melhorou os desfechos dos mecanismos inibitórios espinhais (P<0,05). Houve diferenças significantes entre o GTFI e o GC no pós-treinamento para os seguintes desfechos: mobilidade, comprometimento cognitivo, equilíbrio, desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância, cadência e velocidade), RMS de todos os músculos avaliados, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, pico de torque e TDT dos flexores plantares, pico de torque dos extensores de joelho, 1RM dos membros inferiores e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). Além disso, o GTFI apresentou melhores valores do que o GTF para os seguintes desfechos: desempenho na marcha em condições de dupla tarefa (distância e velocidade), RMS do músculo vasto medial, MSF do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, TDT dos flexores plantares e inibições pré-sináptica e recíproca (P<0,05). O GTFI apresentou um menor VTT comparado ao GTF (P<0,05). Por fim, nenhum efeito adverso foi observado. Em conclusão, somente o TFI melhorou os desfechos clínicos e foi mais efetivo do que o TF em promover adaptações neuromusculares mesmo com um menor VTT. Assim, o TFI é recomendado como uma inovadora intervenção terapêutica para minimizar os declínios na mobilidade e em um amplo espectro de deficiências, sem causar efeitos adversos em indivíduos com DP<br>The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) with strength training with instability (STI) on clinical outcomes, muscle-force-production capacity, spinal inhibitory mechanisms and the total training volume (TTV) of individuals between stages 2 and 3 of Parkinson\'s disease (PD). For this, 39 individuals (assessed and trained in the clinically defined \"on\" state) met the inclusion criteria and were randomized into three groups: non-exercising control group (CG), ST group (STG) and STI group (STIG). The STG and STIG performed 12 weeks hypertrophy-oriented ST, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Only STIG added unstable devices (e.g., BOSU®) to ST that progressed from the less to the more unstable devices. Before and after 12 weeks were assessed the following outcomes: a) clinical - mobility (primary outcome), motor symptoms, cognitive impairment, fear of falling, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and, velocity), and quality of life; b) muscle-force-production capacity - root mean square (RMS), mean spike frequency (MSF), and electromechanical delay (EMD) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis; peak torque, rate of torque development (RTD) and half-relaxation time (HRT) of the knee-extensors and plantar flexors; one repetition maximum (1-RM) of the lower limbs and quadriceps cross sectional area (QCSA) and; c) spinal inhibitory mechanisms - presynaptic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition of the soleus muscle. The TTV for each lower limb exercise (half-squat, plantar flexion, and leg-press) was determined during the experimental protocol. From pre- to post-training, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes (P <0.05), the muscle-force-production capacity outcomes (P <0.05) with exception of the HRT of the knee-extensors (P = 0.068) and, improved the spinal inhibitory mechanisms outcomes (P <0.05). There were differences between the STIG and the CG for the following outcomes: mobility, cognitive impairment, balance, dual-task gait performance (distance, cadence, and speed), RMS all of the muscles assessed, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, peak torque and RTD of the plantar flexor, peak torque of the knee-extensors, 1RM of the lower limbs, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). Moreover, the STIG showed better values than the STG for the following outcomes: dual-task gait performance (distance and speed), RMS of the vastus medialis, MSF of the gastrocnemius medialis, RTD of the plantar flexors, presynaptic inhibition, and reciprocal inhibition at post-training (P <0.05). The STIG showed a lower TTV than the STG (P <0.05). Finally, no adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, only the STIG improved all of the clinical outcomes and it was more effective than the STG to promote neuromuscular adaptations even the STIG has had a lower TTV than the STG. Thus, STI is recommended as a novel therapeutic intervention to minimize declines in mobility and in a wide spectrum of impairments without causing adverse effects in individuals with PD
Books on the topic "Productive symptom"
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Ferguson, Deborah Helen. Production of chimeric viral genomes for the analysis of tobraviral symptom determinants. University of Birmingham, 1998.
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Eliasson-Selling, Lena. Puberty and oestrous symptoms in gilts with special reference to the relationship with production traits. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.
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Nosachev, Igor', and Dmitriy Romanov. Semiotics of mental illness. General psychopathology. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027396.
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The methodology and systematics of the diagnostic process in psychiatry are given, information is given about psychopathological symptoms and dynamics of the main productive and negative syndromes, including addictive, as well as the most significant forms of norm and pathology of personality. The leading features of clinical and psychopathological research in general psychopathology are substantiated. 
 The section "Symptomatology" reveals the psychological and clinical features of the main mental processes. The section "Syndromology" describes the clinical features of the main positive and negative syndromes, their features in children and adolescents. 
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists undergoing pre- and postgraduate training, students of higher medical and psychological educational institutions, interns, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of related disciplines.
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Jones, Andrew M., and Rowland J. Bright-Thomas. Bronchiectasis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0137.
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Bronchiectasis may be defined clinically as the chronic daily production of copious mucopurulent sputum. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by inflamed, thick-walled, dilated bronchi. Bronchiectasis has many potential underlying causes and associations with other diseases but in individual cases the underlying cause is often unknown. The typical symptom is cough with sputum. Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition; systemic complications are common and include tiredness, malaise, and weight loss. The aim of therapy should be to control symptoms, prevent complications and disease progression, while minimizing treatment burden. This chapter discusses bronchiectasis, including its etiology, symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Beach, Steven R. H., Heather M. Foran, Richard E. Heyman, et al. Relational Processes. Edited by Erika Lawrence and Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.11.
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Efforts to expand and update the description of relational processes in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) to enhance its clinical utility began with DSM-IV, but met with limited success. The current effort to revise the description of relational problems has focused on both the DSM-V and theInternational Classification of Diseases(ICD)-11, with an emphasis on (1) documenting a solid empirical foundation for inclusion of relational processes in these diagnostic systems and (2) creating categories and symptom sets that reflect that empirical foundation. In this chapter we describe the process that led to the current revisions, along with steps that were taken to ensure broad consensus and relevance for a range of countries and cultures. We also briefly recap several arguments for continued attention to relational processes as well as additional changes that might be considered in future revisions. Finally, we also briefly discuss the issue of whether some relational processes are better thought of as categories in addition to being dimensions. Scientific aspects of the project have been very productive. However, revision of relational problem descriptions in DSM-V was limited and final revisions to the ICD-11 are still underway.
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Slosar, J. R. The Culture of Excess. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400636127.
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In the wake of the 2008-2009 economic recession, this revealing work offers a psychological explanation of how we as a nation grapple with self-control and how we can develop a new and healthier generation. As J.R. Slosar shows in this urgent, sometimes startling volume, the nation’s fast-and-loose approach to money was in fact a symptom of a more widespread pattern of excessive behavior. In The Culture of Excess: How America Lost Self-Control and Why We Need to Redefine Success, Slosar portrays an America where the drive to succeed and the fear of missing out manifested itself not only in self-entitled corporate fraud, but in everything from sharp rises in obesity and cosmetic medical procedures to equally troubling increases in eating disorders, panic attacks, and outbreaks of uncontrollable rage. The Culture of Excess is the first book to assess the impact of economic and social factors on the nation’s psychological well-being. Narcissism, productive narcissism, psychopathy, rigidity and self destruction, perfectionism, the illusion of success, and identity achievement all come into play as Slosar diagnoses the psychological drivers behind this indulgent age, offering his prescription for helping “Generation Me” become “Generation We.”
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Aloisi, Alessandra. The Power of Distraction. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350342972.
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From Pascal to contemporary anxieties about attention, we have constantly been urged to avoid distraction if we want to live and work better. But Alessandra Aloisi argues that we are missing the point.Drawing on a broad range ofEuropean philosophy and literature, this book considers distraction not as an expression of human imperfection, but as a creative, subversive, and aesthetic capability. In contrast to the traditional accounts, from Saint Augustine to Robert Burton, which either associated distraction with sin or considered it as a symptom of melancholy, Aloisi argues that it is often precisely when we stop thinking about something that inspiration finds us. Why else are artists described as having their heads in the clouds? This book demonstrates the serendipity of distraction through close readings of cultural and visual sources ranging from the mathematician Poincaré to the Netflix show, Black Mirror. With inspiration from La Bruyère, Rousseau, Leopardi, Stendhal, Baudelaire, and others, Aloisi further examines the political value of distraction. After all, in an age of ubiquitous technology and 24/7 availability fighting for our attention, distraction provides what Bergson called a ‘slight revolt’ from the codes and behaviors that society dictates. Combining philosophy, literature, art, and politics, The Power of Distraction encourages us to think differently about our attention and considers just how productive daydreams can be.
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Chan, Kin-Sang, Doris M. W. Tse, and Michael M. K. Sham. Dyspnoea and other respiratory symptoms in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0082.
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Dyspnoea is prevalent among palliative care patients with increased severity over time. There are two patterns of dyspnoea-breakthrough dyspnoea and constant dyspnoea-and three separate qualities of dyspnoea-air hunger, work or effort, and tightness. The measurement of dyspnoea includes three domains: sensory-perceptual experience, affective distress, and symptom impact. The management of dyspnoea includes specific disease management, non-pharmacological intervention, pharmacological treatment, and palliative non-invasive ventilation. Cough is prevalent and disturbing in patients with cancer and chronic lung diseases, and is often associated with airway hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance. Management includes specific treatments for underlying non-cancer and cancer-related causes, symptomatic treatment by antitussives, mucoactive agents, and airway clearance techniques for expectoration and reduction in mucus production. Anticholinergics may be indicated for death rattles to facilitate a peaceful death. Haemoptysis occurs in 30-60% of lung cancer patients and initial management of haemoptysis includes airway protection and volume resuscitation. Localization of the site and source of bleeding may determine the choice of treatment. If a life-threatening haemoptysis occurs, sedation should be given as soon as possible. Support should be given to the family, and debriefing provided to team members.
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Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Chronic abdominal pain. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0024.
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Separating chronic and acute abdominal pain is often difficult, and an arbitrary time limit of 4 weeks is often used. However, many chronic conditions (e.g. chronic pancreatitis) can cause relapsing symptoms, which may be acute during each episode. Pain receptors in the abdomen respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Stretch is the commonest mechanical stimulus to the viscera, although distension, torsion, and contraction are also sensed. Chemical receptors are stimulated by inflammation and infection, and this stimulation leads to the production of various substances, including serotonin, bradykinin, substance P, prostaglandins, and histamine. There are inter-individual differences in pain perception, with some people (e.g. patients with irritable bowel syndrome) being more sensitive to painful stimuli. Chronic abdominal pain occurs in 9%–15% of all children, and is present on questioning in 75% of adolescents and 50% of adults who are otherwise healthy. It is often a non-specific symptom that alone has a poor sensitivity for organic disease. Usually, it is the associated symptoms, and/or abnormal blood tests, that direct the doctor to a diagnosis. This chapter covers the approach to the diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain, key diagnostic tests, therapies, prognosis, and dealing with uncertainty.
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Lipman, Jeffrey, and Robert J. Boots. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies, and botulism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0245.
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Tetanus, rabies and botulism are all infections characterized by the production of a neurotoxin, and generally do not give rise to a systemic inflammatory response. Typically tetanus result from the infection of wounds by the ubiquitious soil-borne bacteria Clostridium tetanii, botulism is most commonly due to toxin produced in food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum. Rabies usually results from an animal bite infected with the rabies virus of the Lyssavirus group. Neurological involvement by all three infections is characterized by paralysis and autonomic instability with tetanus also being associated with muscular rigidity. Importantly, the autonomic dysfunction of tetanus can be severe and may necessitate prolonged treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Active immunization can prevent or minimize the symptoms of tetanus and rabies, while passive immunization may slow symptom progression in botulism. Intensive care support is often required to manage respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction. Rabies is typically fatal in the absence of prior immunization.
Book chapters on the topic "Productive symptom"
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Krüger, Reinhard T. "Anxiety Disorders." In Disorder-Specific Psychodrama Therapy in Theory and Practice. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7508-2_6.
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AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in developed countries. They include valid real fears, neurotic fears, and fears of structural disorders. The type of anxiety is the guiding principle for the disorder-specific psychodramatic approach. Panic attacks are caused by the imminent collapse of an old self-protection through perfectionism. The therapist therefore places chairs next to the patient to externally symbolize the patient’s symptoms in everyday life and also his self-protection through perfectionism (ego-state), which threatens to collapse in anxiety provoking situations. In disorder-specific psychodrama therapy, the patient traces his dysfunctional self-regulation in his symptom production in the as-if mode of play. In doing so, he understands himself for the first time. He gains ego control over his symptom production and spontaneously finds alternative courses of action. Thus, the therapist first works directly on the metacognitive processes that cause the panic and the dysfunctional thought content. This opens up access to the patient’s underlying conflicts.
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Bohra, Yogita. "Frog Eye Leaf Spot in Soybean: From Symptoms to Management." In Soybean Production Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8104-1_11.
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Misra, Ashok K. "Diseases." In Guava: botany, production and uses. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0015.
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Rehman, Ateeq Ur, Prince Sajjad, and Muhammad Tariq Malik. "Polyembryonic Mango Germplasm’s Reaction to Symptoms Development and Resistance Dynamics Against Notorious Soil-Borne Fungi." In Climate Change and Mango Production. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87035-4_18.
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Krüger, Reinhard T. "Pathological Deviant Behavior." In Disorder-Specific Psychodrama Therapy in Theory and Practice. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7508-2_11.
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AbstractIn the case of fetishism, pathological stealing, or other deviant behaviors, disorder-specific psychodrama therapy initially resolves the confusion of metacognitive processes at the level of symptom production. For this purpose, the metacognitive processes are represented with chairs as ego-states, spatially separated from each other in the therapy room. The patient’s self-development with the help of psychodrama techniques at the level of symptom production dissolves his blockages through defense. As a doppelganger, the therapist helps the patient in his attempt to discover his actual longing in the ideal symptom scene of everyday life, to justify this longing, and to integrate it into his life story. Thus, the patient understands himself in a new way. The subsequent attempts at abstinence show that without the self-traumatizing and pathological behavior, the patient spontaneously becomes more courageous and capable to deal with conflict in all areas of life. This theoretical understanding and the resulting psychodramatic action methods complement the disorder-specific approach in depth psychological, behavioral, and systemic psychotherapy.
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Tajidin, Nor Elliza, Munirah Mohamad, Azimah Hamidon, Hamizah Hassan, and Siti H. Ahmad. "Physiological disorders." In Guava: botany, production and uses. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0011.
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Abstract Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
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Becker, J. Ole. "Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0039.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Meloidogyne incognita infesting carrots in California, USA. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.
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Krüger, Reinhard T. "Addiction Disorders." In Disorder-Specific Psychodrama Therapy in Theory and Practice. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7508-2_10.
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AbstractThe core problem of addicts is addiction and not the other mental disorders that may be present. This is because the addictive thinking, feeling and acting is the dominant defense that blocks success in therapy. The therapist and the patient therefore externally symbolize with chairs 1. The patient’s healthy adult thinking, 2. His self-protection through his addictive thinking and feeling, and 3. His symptoms in everyday life. They develop further his addictive thinking and feeling in the as-if mode of play and paradoxically work out the positive meaning of this defense within the framework of his self-regulation. The patient’s self-development initially should take place in the symptom production. This is because metacognitive confusion prevents patients with addiction from adequately processing deeper conflicts. The patient should first gain ego control over his addictive self-regulation. This disorder-specific approach is indicated for harmful use or dependence on alcohol or drugs, and also for non-substance-related addictions such as eating disorders, internet addiction, sex addiction, and other addictions. It makes the experiences of Alcoholics Anonymous fruitful in digested form for depth psychological, behavioral, and systemic therapy.
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Tzanetakis, I., and S. Sabanadzovic. "Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas." In The fig: botany, production and uses. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0013.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
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Carneiro, Regina M. D. G., Marcilene F. A. Santos, and José Mauro C. Castro. "Nematodes." In Guava: botany, production and uses. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0014.
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Abstract The following review of the nematodes from cultivated guava is limited to the major problem caused by M. enterolobii, its idenfication and its management strategies. The synonymization of Meloidogyne enterolobii with Meloidogyne mayaguensis and the different methods of identifying Meloidogyne species are discussed. The life cycle, host-parasite relationships, symptoms, damage and dissemination of M. enterolobii are described. The host status of cover crops, maize and fruit plants for M. enterolobii is discussed, as well as the resistance in Psidium spp. to root-knot nematodes. New prospects using genetic resistance in Brazil and some control strategies that can be used in an integrated way are presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Productive symptom"
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Tskitishvili, Eka, Lali Jgenti, Nino Lomidze, and Tengiz Vadachkoria. "TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE NEMATODE COMMUNITIES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF SHUAKHEVI (AJARA, GEORGIA)." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s13.41.
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Potatoes is the fourth important food crop worldwide after maize, wheat, and rice and are grown in more than 100 countries worldwide under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions, however, they are considered as cool temperature crop. Potato is one of the most important food crops in Georgia and potato growing has always been the subject of great importance for settlement of food supply problems in country. Potato crops are severely affected by approximately forty soil borne diseases worldwide including those caused by soil inhabiting fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the important pests of potato production, they can cause serious yield losses but remain unnoticed, in most cases. Above ground symptoms of nematode damage are rarely observed since most nematodes cause damage on roots and tubers. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes in the main potatoe growing area in Ajara. Fauna of soil nematodes was studied in three villages of Shuakhevi municipality: Dgvani, Dabadzveli and Okhropilauri. Sampling was conducted in nine sites in early spring, in middle summer and in late fall. The 3 composite soil samples collected from each field (weighing 300-500g) consist of 50 individual sub-samples of soil and roots. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann�s method from a sample of 50 g. and exposition time was 48 h. From a total of 83 species of nematodes were found. The richest by the number of species was Dorylaimida order that was presented by 26 species (32 % of species composition). The registered nematodes belong to 2 subclasses, 7 orders, 63 genus and 27 families. The largest abundance of nematodes was observed in the Dgvani village with115 specimens/ 50g soil , and the smallest was in Okhropilauri, with - 37 specimens/50g. Plant-parasitic nematodes from 6 genera (Ditylenchus, Tylechus, Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus) were found in soil and (or) potato root samples. All these nematodes can be divided into five groups according to their feeding habits. The omnivore group with 23 species (45,9%) in Spring, 38 species (34,2%) in Summer and 41 species (40,2%) in Autumn, constitut the core of nematode community. Investigations reveal that nematode populations and communities vary seasonally. Plant parasitic nematodes does not exceed a certain limit, which causes measurable economic damage.
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Vergani, Vinicius Eduardo, Bruna Rocha Silveira, Gustavo San Martin Elexpe Cardoso, Jean Faber Ferreira de Abreu, and Denis Bernardi Bichuetti. "What people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Brazil feel and how it affects their quality of life and employment status." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.315.
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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects between 20 and 40 years of age, the peak of their productive life, and can cause permanent neurological disability, which can exert influence on their quality of life, income maintenance and employment relationship. Objectives: To describe symptoms prevalence in a national wide sample of patients with MS and analyze their impact on quality of life, employment status and use of social benefits. Methods: We performed a cross sectional, online self-reported survey, concerning demographic, clinical data (using validated scales), employment status and use of social benefits. The study was approved by the University’s Ethics Committee and carried through an electronic survey sent to the patients affiliated to Amigos Múltiplos pela Esclerose. Results: 466 patients answered the survey. Median age of onset, current age and disease duration were 30.2, 40.8 and 10.5 years; median PDDS (Patient Determined Disease Steps) was 2.5, which indicates minor to moderate disability; median MS Impact Scale and MS Walking Scale were 31 and 33%, which denotes minor to moderate quality of life and mobility compromise; 43% of them suffered fatigue and 53% reported not sleeping well. Unemployed patients presented a longer time from symptom onset to diagnosis and higher disability when compared to employed ones. Furthermore, half of the unemployed patients are receiving some social benefit, while only 6.8% of the employed patients. Conclusion: This study presents symptom prevalence in a national sample of patients with MS and discloses that those with a diagnosis delay and more disability have higher percentage of unemployment and use of social benefits. Strategies to improve earlier diagnosis and better treatment plans can not only reduce patient disability but possibly increase employment retention and lesser use of social benefits.
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Payrazyan, Vlad Karen, and Timothy S. Robinson. "Leveraging Targeted Machine Learning for Early Warning and Prevention of Stuck Pipe, Tight Holes, Pack Offs, Hole Cleaning Issues and Other Potential Drilling Hazards." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32169-ms.
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Abstract Stuck pipe and other related drilling hazards are major causes of non-productive time while drilling. Being able to spot early indications of potential drilling risks manually by analyzing drilling parameters in real-time has been a significant challenge for engineers. However, this task can be successfully executed by modern data analytics tools based on machine learning (ML) technologies. The objective of the presented study is to prove and demonstrate the ability of such machine learning algorithms to process and analyze simultaneously a variety of surface drilling data in real-time in order to: a) detect anomalies, that are in most cases invisible to a human eye; and b) provide early warnings of possible upcoming drilling risks with sufficient time in advance, so that the rig crew can execute the appropriate mitigation actions. The algorithms developed have favorable characteristics, such as adaptiveness to real-time data and agnosticism to well types, BHAs, mud types, lithologies or any other specific well characteristics. This supports out-of-the-box usage, which enables scalability to large numbers of wells. Targeted sub-systems detect the current operation type (tripping, drilling, reaming, etc), and detect symptoms related to differential sticking, hole cleaning issues, mechanical sticking, pack offs, tight holes, obstructions and other risks by analyzing standard surface drilling time logs in real-time, such as hookload, WOB, RPM, bit depth, mud pressure, etc. The ML models and wider risk detection system have been demonstrated to generalize to new wells, and consistently produce high performance across those tested, without any need to pre-train the models on historical data from offset wells. The system connects to WITSML data stores and outputs warnings with specific information regarding the identified symptom of the potential drilling incident, leaving it up to the rig crew or drilling supervisor to decide how to act on those warnings. The system provides drilling engineers with live warnings on average 1.5-4 hours prior to incidents, giving rig crews enough time to react. This also allows drilling engineers to know in advance a specific source of potential risk, which assists in selecting the right strategy for implementing corrective actions. The technology's performance was successfully verified in live operations and post-drill studies on historical data on over 300 wells worldwide during the past 2.5 years, with mean recall and precision metrics of 0.986 ± 0.050 and 0.712 ± 0.181 respectively across historical test wells, and significantly reduced occurrence rates of stuck pipe incidents in both onshore and offshore operations. Real case studies for onshore, offshore, conventional and unconventional assets will be presented and discussed.
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Brlansky, R. H. "Update on Huanglongbing Progression and Current Research in Florida." In ASME 2009 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2009-5501.
Full textAbstract:
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease has been in Florida since at least 2005 and has spread to all of the citrus producing regions. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is the insect that transmits the suspected causal bacterium which is tentatively named Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Symptoms of the disease are first the yellow shoot (huanglongbing) and the development of the blotchy mottle symptom in the leaves. Mineral deficiency symptoms are often found on infected trees and may mimic normal deficiency symptoms. Fruit on infected trees may be small and lopsided and may abscise prematurely and therefore productivity is reduced. Tree decline eventually occurs. The suspected causal bacterium has not been obtained in pure culture and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test along with symptoms, is the only way to verify infected trees. All citrus cultivars appear susceptible. Current management strategies are chemical and biological control to reduced psyllid populations, inspections for infected trees and removal of infected trees to reduce the available pathogen inoculum. Current research on psyllid control, psyllid transmission, symptomology, detection, culturing the causal agent, development of new detection methods, alternative hosts of the psyllid and the causal agent, physiology of the disease, resistant or tolerant cultivar development and more is discussed. HLB is a major problem for citrus production and often limits commercial production. Paper published with permission.
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Bacon, Robert. "Advanced Transient Hydraulic Simulations to Safely Optimise Tripping Speeds." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208763-ms.
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Abstract There are many factors that contribute to non productive time, these include but are by no means limited to Lost circulation, formation influx, pack-offs and other stuck pipe events which cause delays, problems, lost time, and generally increase risk, and cost of the well, during drilling operations. Such situations can, sometimes, escalate into serious problems that may result in expensive and undesirable technical sidetracks. Couple this with ever more complex wells, (whether they be long horizontal sections, multi-laterals, etc), drilled in ever smaller and more challenging reservoirs, such as those which are depleted, or at high pressure and or high temperature. The modelling software offers forward-looking simulations that can be used to predict drilling problems and assess the likely effects of remedial options. During real-time monitoring, advanced monitoring and trend analysis software can use downhole conditions and mud properties to forecast hole cleaning, equivalent circulating density (ECD), and temperature changes for the next depth/time interval, based on three tightly coupled real-time dynamic models – hydraulic, mechanical and thermodynamic – that simulate wellbore condition and characterize improvement or deterioration during drilling. These models continuously assess drilling performance, borehole conditions, and associated risks based on real-time symptom detection. The solution and concept presented in this paper showcases a modelling approach which allows all of these situations to be accurately modelled in a transient setting, and then also compared and back modelled using all the available real time high frequency data. This coupled with an automated drilling control system has resulted in safe, record-breaking drilling achievements in the North Sea. The models allow updated safeguards to be applied to the drilling control system to maintain a downhole pressure within the acceptable limits of the open hole formations. It also automatically stops the movement of the drill string in case of abnormal hook loads or surface torques. Since automatic actions can be triggered in case of an unexpected situation, some standard procedures have been fully automated, including friction tests and back-reaming.
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Nishanov, Akhram, Gulomjon Djuraevb, Malika Khasanova, Saidqul Saparov, and Fazilbek Zaripov. "Algorithm of diagnostics of medical datas based on symptom complexes." In Computer Applications for Management and Sustainable Development of Production and Industry (CMSD2022), edited by Arthur Gibadullin and Shahriyor Sadullozoda. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2669449.
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Liu, Daqian, Shangfei Song, Siheng Shen, Qi Kang, Xiaoping Li, and Jing Gong. "Fault Diagnosis of a Crude Oil Pre-Treatment Systems Based on DOOBNs." In 2024 15th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/ipc2024-133667.
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Abstract The crude oil pre-treatment system plays a crucial role in the domain of oil and gas gathering and transportation, serving as a linchpin in ensuring the efficient and secure flow of petroleum resources. Its main function is to process the wellhead production, and complete the dehydration and degassing of the production, bringing it up to the standards required for subsequent processes. The crude oil pre-treatment system is intricate, and its fault could potentially result in significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. Therefore, the precise and expeditious identification of both the location and the reasons for the occurrence of faults within the crude oil pre-treatment system is of paramount importance. To address this imperative, a fault diagnosis model based on dynamic object-oriented Bayesian networks is designed to conduct fault attribution analysis on the system. The model is mainly composed of the static Bayesian networks and the Markov model. The static Bayesian network consists of Fault Layer, Fault Symptom Layer, and External Variable Layer, used to identify the causes of system faults. The Markov model is employed to determine the temporal evolution of the system’s states. In this study, static Bayesian networks is utilized not only to diagnose individual faults but also to successfully identify the causes of concurrent faults. Then, static Bayesian networks is extended in the time domain by 20 iterations. By inputting fault symptoms into the first static model, predictions of the system’s state are achieved, allowing the time of system maintenance completion to be determined. By inputting fault symptoms into the twentieth static model, a retrospective analysis of the system state is conducted, thereby determining the initiation time of the fault. The research indicates that the model’s results maintain a high level of consistency with on-site fault logs, providing crucial support for on-site production. Furthermore, this also validates the effectiveness, practicality, and accuracy of the model.
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"COMPARING CTS SYMPTOMS AND PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS IN TRADITIONAL AND LEAN BASED ERGONOMIC SHOCKER MANUFACTURING UNITS." In International Conference on Advancements and Recent Innovations in Mechanical, Production and Industrial Engineering. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.arimpie-2015.60.
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Lyakso, Elena, Olga Frolova, and Aleksandr Nikolaev. "VOICE AND SPEECH FEATURES AS A DIAGNOSTIC SYMPTOM." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact074.
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"The study of the peculiarities of speech of children with atypical development is necessary for the development of educational programs, children’s socialization and adaptation in society. The aim of this study is to determine the acoustic features of voice and speech of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a possible additional diagnostic criterion. The multiplicity of symptomatology, different age of its manifestation, and the presence of a leading symptom complex individually for each child make it difficult to diagnose ASD. To determine the specificity of speech features of ASD, we analyzed the speech of children with developmental disabilities in which speech disorders accompany the disease - Down syndrome (DS), intellectual disabilities (ID), mixed specific developmental disorders (MDD). The features that reflect the main physiological processes occurring in the speech tract during voice and speech production are selected for analysis. The speech of 300 children aged 4-16 years was analyzed. Speech files are selected from the speech database ""AD_Child.Ru"" (Lyakso et al., 2019). Acoustic features of voice and speech, which are specific for different developmental disorders, were determined. The speech of ASD children is characterized by: high pitch values (high voice); pitch variability; high values for the third formant (emotional) and its intensity causing ""atypical"" spectrogram of the speech signal; high values of vowel articulation index (VAI). The speech of children with DS is characterized by the maximal duration of vowels in words; low pitch values (low voice); a wide range of values of the VAI depending on the difficulty of speech material; low values of the third formant; unformed most of consonant phonemes. The characteristics of speech of children with ID are: high values of vowel’s duration in words, the pitch, and the third formant, low values of the VAI; of MDD - low pitch values and high values of the VAI. Based on the identified peculiarities specific to each disease, the set of acoustic features specific to ASD can be considered as a biomarker of autism and used as an additional diagnostic criterion. This will allow a timely diagnose, appoint treatment and develop individual programs for children. Speech characteristics of children with ID, DS, and MDD can be considered to a greater extent in the training and socialization of children and used in the development of training programs taking into account individual peculiarities of children."
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Agustina, Dina, Fadhilah Fitri, Zilrahmi, Rara Sandhy Winanda, Devni Prima Sari, and Dewi Murni. "Descriptive analysis of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) to find symptoms on production machines." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION, 2022: Innovative Research of Mathematics and Mathematics Education to Face the 4th Industrial Revolution Challenges. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204499.
Full textReports on the topic "Productive symptom"
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Prusky, Dov, Lisa Vaillancourt, and Robert Fluhr. Host Ammonification by Postharvest Pathogens and its Contribution to Fungal Colonization and Symptom Development. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592640.bard.
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Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables caused by pathogenic and saprophytic fungi significantly impairs the quality and quantity of fresh produce brought to market. Consequently, there is considerable interest in identifying factors that determine the susceptibility of these commodities to pathogen infection. Insidious postharvest decays remain quiescent during fruit growth and harvest, but activate during the postharvest period. A key response to the physiological changes occurring during fruit ripening is the initiation of ammonium secretion by the pathogen. Ammonium ions at the infection site (ammonification) have subsequent effects on both the pathogen and the host. An accompanying alkalinization process resulting from ammonia accumulation contributes to pathogenicity, since some important fungal virulence factors, (such as pectate lyase in Colletotrichum sp.), are significantly expressed only under alkaline conditions. In this proposal, investigated the mechanisms by which ammonification and alkalinization of infected tissues by the pathogen affect the host’s defense response to fungal attack, and instead increase compatibility during postharvest pathogen-host interactions. Our hypotheses were:1) that host signals, including ripening-related changes, induce secretion of ammonia by the pathogen; 2) that ammonia accumulation, and the resultant environmental alkalinization regulate the expression of fungal virulence genes that are essential for postharvest rot development; 3) that ammonification enhanced fungal colonization, by “suppression of host responses”, including production of reactive oxygen species, activation of superoxide, and polyphenol oxidase production. Our objectives were: to analyze: 1) factor(s) which activate the production and secretion of ammonia by the fungus; 2) fungal gene(s) that play role(s) in the ammonification process; 3) the relationship between ammonification and the activation of host defense response(s) during pathogen colonization; and 4) analyze hostgene expression in alkalinized regions of fruits attacked by hemibiotrophic fungi.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa, and Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.
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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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Chandath, Him, Ing Chhay Por, Yim Raksmey, and Diane Archer. Air Pollution and Workers’ Health in Cambodia’s Garment Sector. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.017.
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The findings of this study can inform and enable policymakers in improving occupational air pollution, including addressing air pollution, pollution sources and other related issues in the garment manufacturing sector in Cambodia. Such interventions will help to uphold the health of workers as a human right, ensure safe workplaces, and also be beneficial for the country’s economic growth, as a healthy workforce is more productive. While the garment sector serves as Cambodia’s economic backbone and creates much-needed jobs, it is also a highly polluting industry, alongside being regularly implicated for not upholding labour rights. The sector emits pollutants to air from intensive energy use, solid and hazardous waste emissions, noise pollution and wastewater pollution discharge. Despite this, the sector’s environmental impacts in Cambodia, particularly in relation to air pollution, are not well known, and this gap was highlighted in the development of Cambodia’s 2021 Clean Air Plan. Aiming to fill this gap, in cooperation with SEI, the Air Quality and Noise Management Department of the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Cambodia’s Ministry of Environment conducted a research project to improve understanding of air pollutant emissions from the textile industry and the health impacts on workers in Cambodia’s garment industry. The study drew on in-depth interviews with 323 garment factory workers across 16 factories, interviews with 16 factory owners, and quantitative data to better understand all interviewees’ experiences with occupational air pollution. While the research documented any symptoms related to air pollution, it did not employ medical research to assess the workers’ health status, nor did it attempt to investigate the cost or impact of air pollution on factory production. This policy briefing draws on a longer report prepared by the Ministry of Environment (Chandath, H., Chhay Por, I., Sokyimeng, S., Dana, S., Raksmey, Y. 2023. Understanding Air Pollution in the Garment Sector and Health Impacts on Workers: A Cambodian Case Study. Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. https://epa.moe.gov.kh/pages/categories/view/document-daqnm).
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Woodson, William, Shimon Mayak, and Haim Rabinowitch. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613011.bard.
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The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.
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Coplin, David, Isaac Barash, and Shulamit Manulis. Role of Proteins Secreted by the Hrp-Pathways of Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pv. gypsophilae in Eliciting Water-Soaking Symptoms and Initiating Galls. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580675.bard.
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Many bacterial pathogens of plants can inject pathogenicity proteins into host cells using a specialized type III secretion system encoded by hrpgenes. This system deliver effector proteins, into plant cells that function in both susceptible and resistant interactions. We have found that the virulence of Erwinia stewartii(Es; syn. Pantoea stewartii) and Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (Ehg, syn. Pantoea agglomerans), which cause Stewart's wilt of corn and galls on Gypsophila, respectively, depends on hrpgenes. The major objectives of this project were: To increase expression of hrpgenes in order to identify secreted proteins; to identify genes for proteins secreted by the type-III systems and determine if they are required for pathogenicity; and to determine if the secreted proteins can function within eukaryotic cells. We found that transcription of the hrp and effector genes in Es and Ehg is controlled by at least four genes that constitute a regulatory cascade. Environmental and/or physiological signaling appears to be mediated by the HrpX/HrpY two component system, with HrpX functioning as a sensor-kinase and HrpY as a response regulator. HrpYupregulateshrpS, which encodes a transcriptional enhancer. HrpS then activates hrpL, which encodes an alternate sigma factor that recognizes "hrp boxes". All of the regulatory genes are essential for pathogenicity, except HrpX, which appears only to be required for induction of the HR in tobacco by Es. In elucidating this regulatory pathway in both species, we made a number of significant new discoveries. HrpX is unusual for a sensor-kinase because it is cytoplasmic and contains PAS domains, which may sense the redox state of the bacterium. In Es, a novel methyl-accepting protein may function upstream of hrpY and repress hrp gene expression in planta. The esaIR quorum sensing system in Es represses hrp gene expression in Es in response to cell-density. We have discovered six new type III effector proteins in these species, one of which (DspE in Ehg and WtsE in Es) is common to both pathogens. In addition, Es wtsG, which is a homolog of an avrPpiB from P. syringae pv. pisi, and an Ehg ORF, which is a homolog of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola AvrPphD, were both demonstrated to encode virulence proteins. Two plasmidborne, Ehg Hop proteins, HsvG and PthG, are required for infection of gypsophilia, but interestingly, PthG also acts as an Avr elicitor in beets. Using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (cyaA) reporter gene, we were successful in demonstrating that an HsvG-CyaA fusion protein can be transferred into human HeLa cells by the type-III system of enteropathogenic E. coli. This is a highly significant accomplishment because it is the first direct demonstration that an effector protein from a plant pathogenic bacterium is capable of being translocated into a eukaryotic cell by a type-III secretion system. Ehg is considered a limiting factor in Gypsophila production in Israel and Stewart’s Wilt is a serious disease in the Eastern and North Central USA, especially on sweet corn in epidemic years. We believe that our basic research on the characterization of type III virulence effectors should enable future identification of their receptors in plant cells. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering resistant plants by modifying their receptors or inactivating effectors and thus blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, hrp gene regulation might also provide a target for plant produced compounds that interfere with recognition of the host by the pathogen. Such strategies would be broadly applicable to a wide range of serious bacterial diseases on many crops throughout the USA and Israel.
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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot, and Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.
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Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.
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Antignus, Yehezkiel, Ernest Hiebert, Shlomo Cohen, and Susan Webb. Approaches for Studying the Interaction of Geminiviruses with Their Whitefly Vector Bemisia tabaci. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604928.bard.
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The DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCB) was detected in its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, by dot spot hybridization as early as 1 h after acquisition access. The retention of the virus nucleic acid in the vector was at least 23 days after a 48 h acquisition access. However, the retention of TYLCV coat protein did not exceed 10 days. No replicative forms of TYLCV could be detected in B. tabaci, indicating a non-propagative relationship with the vector. Whiteflies were not able to accumulate naked virion ssDNA, virus cloned dsDNA, or virions with impaired coat protein. Deletion, frameshift, and single amino acid mutations were inserted into open reading frames (ORFs) V1 and V2 (Coat protein) of TYLCV. The ability of these mutants to replicate, to spread and to induce symptoms was tested both in leaf disks and in intact plants. No replication was found in tissues that were infected with a deletion mutant that lacked the carboxy half of the coat protein gene. Residual amounts of ssDNA and dsDNA were detected i tissues infected with a frameshift mutant in which an early termination at the extreme part of the protein. Two other mutants in which a single amino acid was changed in the overlapping part of V1 and V2 were able to spread systemically but infections remained symptomless and the production of ssDNA and dsDNA were significantly lower. These mutants were acquired and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Procedures for the the dissection, fixation and embedding of whiteflies were developed. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary gland and the midgut of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (a vector and non-vector of geminiviruses respectively) was studied and described. Monoclonal antibodies against bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) with narrow and broad spectrum were prepared. Transmission studies of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV) by B. tabaci were carried out. These studies were essential for a further work aimed to understand the interaction of geminiviruses with the insect and their localization in its tissues. To enable the production of transgenic plants procedures were developed for tomato transformation with both Agrobacterium and microparticle bombardment.
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.
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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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Pesis, Edna, and Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration: Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.
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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER, and Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.