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Academic literature on the topic 'Productivité primaire (biologie) – Sargasses, Mer des'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Productivité primaire (biologie) – Sargasses, Mer des"
Fukaï, Eri. "Importance du picoplancton autotrophe dans la biomasse et la production primaire des eaux marines oligotrophes : Atlantique tropical oriental et mer des Sargasses." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066491.
Full textBerthelot, Béatrice. "Estimation de la production primaire marine : développement et évaluation d'un modèle adapté à l'utilisation des données satellitales de couleur de l'océan." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT035H.
Full textHoch, Thierry. "Modélisation du cycle biogéochimique des éléments limitant la production biologique en Manche (N, P, SI)." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077121.
Full textDragon, Anne-Cécile. "Modélisation des stratégies d'approvisionnement des éléphants de mer austraux : influence de la variabilité de la production primaire et des conditions océanographiques physiques." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066276.
Full textUitz, Julia. "Structure des communautés phytoplanctoniques et propriétés photophysiologiques dans l'océan ouvert : paramétrisation en vue d'applications à la couleur de l'océan." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22052.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis focuses on the structure of phytoplankton communities and their photophysiological properties in the world ocean, in view of satellite applications. In the first part, we studied the relationships between near-surface chlorophyll content, [Chla]surf, as it can be assessed from ocean color and (i) the phytoplankton biomass, (ii) its vertical distribution and (iii) its taxonomic composition in terms of phytoplankton groups (micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton). In this objective, we analyzed more than 21 000 pigment measurements, collected in various regions of the world ocean. Corroborating well known general trends (e. G. Microphytoplankton are mostly found in eutrophic zones, while small cells predominate in oligotrophic regions), this study lead to a global empirical relationship, allowing the quantification of the biomass, as well as the vertical distribution, of each of the three phytoplankton groups, from the [Chla]surf. In the second part, we studied the variability of the phytoplankton photophysiological properties as a function of (i) the trophic status and (ii) the composition of phytoplankton communities. Based on the analysis of 994 measurements of P vs E curves parameters, this study points to a possible alternative to present parameterizations of photophysiological properties, which usually rely on one (or more) environmental factor. This also allowed us to extract photophysiological properties specific to each of the phytoplankton groups, a priori representative of the world ocean. Finally, the tools developed here were used in conjunction with a bio-optical primary production model, coupled with ocean color data, in order to estimate, for the first time, the primary production specific to the three phytoplankton groups
Psarra, Stella [Styliani]. "Influence du degré d'oligotrophie sur la structure et le fonctionnement de l'échelon primaire de l'écosystème pélagique en Méditerranée orientale (Mer Egée)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22089.
Full textNapoléon, Camille. "Évolution spatio-temporelle de la production primaire et des communautés phytoplanctoniques en Manche." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2067.
Full textThe chlorophyll a concentration, usually used in marine ecosystemic models for the estimation of primary production (PP), merely gives a fixed image of the phytoplankton compartment. Yet, all trophic levels taken into account within the models depend on the PP. Thus, a good modelisation of food webs in the English Channel requires a reliable estimation of PP on the whole ecosystem. In order to follow the PP dynamics at a high spatio-temporal scale, surveys have been conducted onboard ferry boats (Britanny Ferries), in the central English Channel on the Ouistreham (Fr)/Portsmouth (GB) transect, and in the occidental English Channel on the Roscoff (Fr)/Portsmouth (GB) transect. In order to measure the photosynthetic parameters at a high frequency, PAM measurements have been carried out. On the one hand, these measurements have been associated to the measurements of physicochemical parameters, with a view to define which parameters controlled the PP in the English Channel. On the other hand, pico, nano and microphytoplankton species have been identified in order to study the link between the variability of the community, the diversity, and the production and productivity levels. On the Ouistreham/Portsmouth transect, these measurements have been coupled with carbon incorporation measurements (13C) at low frequency. The coupling of PAM data with those of 13C has made it possible to create a multi-parametric model, thereby transforming the PAM data into carbon incorporation data, depending on physicochemical and biological data. This approach was also performed in laboratory on phytoplankton species
Bergeron, Myriam. "Utilisation du nitrate, de l'acide silicique et du phosphate pour l'estimation de la production primaire nette et la contribution des diatomées dans l'Arctique canadien (1997-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29900/29900.pdf.
Full textSpilmont, Nicolas. "Métabolisme benthique intertidal en milieu marin et estuarien : mesures in situ de la production et de la respiration, variabilité spatio-temporelle et bilans." Littoral, 2004. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01118224.
Full textIn situ intertidal benthic metabolism (primary production and respiration) was mesured during emersed conditions on four according to a gradient from exposed to sheltered conditions corresponding to the typical sediments encountered along the French coasts of the English Channel. A closed-chamber was used to measure CO2 concentration via an infrared gas analyser. For each studied area (sandy beach of Wimereux, Bay of Somme, Bay of Seine and Bay du Mont Saint-Michel), temporal and spatial variability was assessed at different scales, and the factors controlling metabolic processes were then determinated. At both day and month scales, biological processes were mainly controlled by light (primary production) and temperature (primary production and respiration). At the seasonnal scale, local conditions (e. G. Deposit/erosion cycle) may disrupt the system. In Wimereux, exposed conditions result in high instability where processes are difficult to predict. Within each site, the clear distinction of biosedimentary structures impacts on both chlorophylle a and primary production, but not on respiration. However at a larger spatial scale (inter-sites) this biosedimentary variability can not explain the observed discrepancies in metabolism measurements. Annual primary production budgets calculations show that production largely depends on seasonal changes in day length. On this seasonal trend are superimposed strong fornightly fluctuations expected from the superimposition of the tidal and day/night cycles. Finally, a spatialized budget was calculated for the Bay of Somme for three periods of the year when the benthic compartment of the bay appeared to be net heterotrophic
Klein, Cécile. "Etude des dynamiques du phytoplancton en Manche orientale et occidentale : Approche écophysiologique : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2016.
Full textTwo contrasted areas of the English Channel which show important shellfish farming (Baie des Veys -BDV- and Lingreville-sur-mer -LGV- Eastern and Western coasts of Cotentin) have been studied. The temporal variations (seasonal to long-term) of phytoplankton communities, primary production and photosynthetic parameters have been analysed according to environmental forces using multivariate analyses. A different phytoplankton dynamic between the two studied sites was observed. At the BDV site, it followed a seasonal cycle dependant on temperature, light and nutrients stocks whereas at the LGV, this dynamic was largely dependant on hydrodynamism (wind, tidal currents). This study has also demonstrated that phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by different species according to the year illustrating a continuous interspecific competition controlled by environmental parameters variations and by physiological capacities of each species. To understand the mechanisms of the end of phytoplankton bloom in the water column, a time series of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was made. The quantification of those excretions according to environmental parameters showed that EPS were affected by nitrogen concentrations (NO3, NH4) in spring and by hydrodynamic forces in autumn. The Pseudo-nitzschia spp succession at the BDV site was finally studied, indicating the occurrence of 6 species and the possible development of a toxic species, P. Australis, in autumn when temperatures are high and a Si limitation is observed