Relevant bibliographies by topics / Productivity; Firm size; Distributions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Productivity; Firm size; Distributions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Garicano, Luis, Claire Lelarge, and John Van Reenen. "Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France." American Economic Review 106, no. 11 (2016): 3439–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130232.

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We show how size-contingent laws can be used to identify the equilibrium and welfare effects of labor regulation. Our framework incorporates such regulations into the Lucas (1978) model and applies it to France where many labor laws start to bind on firms with 50 or more employees. Using population data on firms between 1995 and 2007, we structurally estimate the key parameters of our model to construct counterfactual size, productivity, and welfare distributions. We find that the cost of these regulations is equivalent to that of a 2.3 percent variable tax on labor. In our baseline case with
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Head, Keith, Thierry Mayer, and Mathias Thoenig. "Welfare and Trade without Pareto." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (2014): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.310.

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Quantifications of gains from trade in heterogeneous firm models assume that productivity is Pareto distributed. Replacing this assumption with log-normal heterogeneity retains some useful Pareto features, while providing a substantially better fit to sales distributions-especially in the left tail. The cost of log-normal is that gains from trade depend on the method of calibrating the fixed cost and productivity distribution parameters. When set to match the size distribution of firm sales in a given market, the log-normal assumption delivers gains from trade in a symmetric two-country model
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Mrázová, Monika, J. Peter Neary, and Mathieu Parenti. "Sales and Markup Dispersion: Theory and Empirics." Econometrica 89, no. 4 (2021): 1753–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta17416.

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We characterize the relationship between the distributions of two variables linked by a structural model. We then show that, in models of heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, this relationship implies a new demand function that we call “CREMR” (Constant Revenue Elasticity of Marginal Revenue). This demand function is the only one that is consistent with productivity and sales distributions having the same form (whether Pareto, lognormal, or Fréchet) in the cross section, and it is necessary and sufficient for Gibrat's Law to hold over time. Among the applications we consider, we us
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Bartelsman, Eric, John Haltiwanger, and Stefano Scarpetta. "Cross-Country Differences in Productivity: The Role of Allocation and Selection." American Economic Review 103, no. 1 (2013): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.1.305.

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This paper investigates the effect of idiosyncratic (firm-level) policy distortions on aggregate outcomes. Exploiting harmonized firm-level data for a number of countries, we show that there is substantial and systematic cross-country variation in the within-industry covariance between size and productivity. We develop a model in which heterogeneous firms face adjustment frictions (overhead labor and quasi-fixed capital) and distortions. The model can be readily calibrated so that variations in the distribution of distortions allow matching the observed cross-country moments. We show that the
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Hottman, Colin J., Stephen J. Redding, and David E. Weinstein. "Quantifying the Sources of Firm Heterogeneity *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 3 (2016): 1291–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw012.

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Abstract We develop and structurally estimate a model of heterogeneous multiproduct firms that can be used to decompose the firm-size distribution into the contributions of costs, “appeal” (quality or taste), markups, and product scope. Using Nielsen barcode data on prices and sales, we find that variation in firm appeal and product scope explains at least four fifths of the variation in firm sales. We show that the imperfect substitutability of products within firms, and the fact that larger firms supply more products than smaller firms, implies that standard productivity measures are highly
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Arkolakis, Costas. "A Unified Theory of Firm Selection and Growth *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 1 (2016): 89–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv039.

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Abstract This article develops an analytical framework to study firm and exporter growth and provides a dynamic foundation for a standard general equilibrium trade model. Firm-level growth is the result of idiosyncratic productivity improvements with a continuous arrival of new potential producers. A firm enters a market if it is profitable to incur the marginal cost to reach the first consumer and pays an increasing marketing cost to reach additional consumers. I calibrate the model using data on the cross section of firm sales and bilateral trade, as well as the rate of incumbent firm exit.
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Huynh, Kim P., David T. Jacho-Chávez, Robert J. Petrunia, and Marcel C. Voia. "A nonparametric analysis of firm size, leverage and labour productivity distribution dynamics." Empirical Economics 48, no. 1 (2014): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-014-0807-9.

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Tovar, Beatriz, Francisco Javier Ramos-Real, and Edmar Fagundes de Almeida. "Firm size and productivity. Evidence from the electricity distribution industry in Brazil." Energy Policy 39, no. 2 (2011): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.11.001.

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Aoki, Shuhei, and Makoto Nirei. "Zipf's Law, Pareto's Law, and the Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, no. 3 (2017): 36–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20150051.

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We construct a tractable neoclassical growth model that generates Pareto's law of income distribution and Zipf's law of the firm size distribution from idiosyncratic, firm-level productivity shocks. Executives and entrepreneurs invest in risk-free assets, as well as their own firms' risky stocks, through which their wealth and income depend on firm-level shocks. By using the model, we evaluate how changes in tax rates can account for the evolution of top incomes in the United States. The model matches the decline in the Pareto exponent of the income distribution and the trend of the top 1 perc
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McCarthy, James K., John M. Dwyer, and Karel Mokany. "A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (2019): 20192221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.

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Metabolic scaling theory (MST) is one of ecology's most high-profile general models and can be used to link size distributions and productivity in forest systems. Much of MST's foundation is based on size distributions following a power law function with a scaling exponent of −2, a property assumed to be consistent in steady-state ecosystems. We tested the theory's generality by comparing actual size distributions with those predicted using MST parameters assumed to be general. We then used environmental variables and functional traits to explain deviation from theoretical expectations. Finall
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Samiloglu, Andac Tore. "Export Dynamics, Size And Productivity Of Firms." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609087/index.pdf.

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In this thesis we examined the export dynamics at the firm level. A two period model is proposed for the life of firms. The firms may have three different behaviors: staying out of markets, producing for the domestic market, and producing for both the domestic and the export markets. During two periods, firms may enter or exit the markets according to their expected) profits. All firms are profit maximizing such that they compare the maximum (expected) profits in the domestic and export markets. Firms are also heterogenous so that they have different levels of productivity. We examined changes
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Ng, Choi-hei. "Change of firm size in Hong Kong and its relation to productivity." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13282888.

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Ng, Choi-hei, and 吳財喜. "Change of firm size in Hong Kong and its relation to productivity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977108.

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Alsakran, Abdullah. "Non oil exports finance and economic development in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9491.

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Oil is an important part of the Saudi economy. With the volatility of oil prices and the pressing needs of economic growth and development, the Saudi Arabian government has planned to diversify its sources of income. To this end, the majority of effort has focused on developing the non-oil export sectors, particularly in manufacturing. Despite government efforts to enhance the ratio of non-oil export to total exports, it remains weak, amounting to 15 per cent of total exports in 2010 (which compares unfavourably with the average for other Middle East and North Africa countries (MENA) which sto
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VU, Thi Bich Lien. "Small Privately-Owned and Large State-Owned Manufacturing Firms in Vietnam: A Productivity Comparison for 2000-2005." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20474.

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Luomaranta, Henri. "Essays in Firm Dynamics, Ownership and Aggregate Effects." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10021/document.

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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur<br>Administrative registers maintained by statistical offices on vastly heterogeneous firms have much untapped potential to reveal details on sources of productivity of firms and economies alike. It has been proposed that firm-level shocks can go a long way in explaining aggregate fluctuations. Based on novel monthly frequency data, idiosyncratic shocks are able to explain a sizable share of the Finnish economic fluctuations, providing support to the granular hypothesis. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 has challenged the field
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Stoedinova, Sashka Dragomanova. "The relationship between research & development stock of knowledge and firm performance indicators : size, exports and productivity in the UK economy : does investing in R&D pay off, when and for whom?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7295/.

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Although the ‘endogenous growth’ theory links macroeconomic growth to firms’ R&D, still, there is no comprehensive and conclusive research showing how undertaking R&D affects individual firm performance. Using several market indicators such as size, exports and productivity, this study provides a valuable input in the UK context by analysing a panel of 956 firms during 2003/4 – 2013/14, employing an empirical approach. We find no significant relationship between a firm’s R&D stock of knowledge and its size (measured in terms of both absolute size and size relative to its industry) across ‘All-
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Huynh, K. P., D. T. Jacho-Chavez, O. Kryvtsov, Oleksandr Shepotylo, and V. Vakhitov. "The evolution of firm-level distributions for Ukrainian manufacturing firms." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10869.

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No<br>We document rich variation across observed firms’ characteristics, and the accompanying macroeconomic volatility, often related to political turmoil for Ukrainian manufacturing firms. We use a unique annual firm-level data for the period from 2001 to 2009 compiled from the Derzhkomstat. To understand the evolution of distributions we utilize functional principal component analysis while accounting for the effects associated with firms’ region, industry, trade status, and firm turnover. The overall improvements in firm productivity in Ukraine’s manufacturing in 2001–2009 vary substantiall
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Harris, Shannon Lee. "Size-fractionated chlorophyll and primary productivity and nutrient distributions off the west coast of Vancouver Island." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12082.

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Spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, chlorophyll and primary productivity off the west coast of Vancouver Island are not well studied. This study examined how dissolved nutrients and size-fractionated biomass and primary productivity vary in time and space and evaluated the relative contribution of >5 μm size fraction of phytoplankton to total biomass and primary productivity. Size-fractionated primary productivity, and physical, chemical, and biological characteristics were studied during spring, summer and fall cruises for 1997 and 1998. Studies were conducted at four transe
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Books on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Pagano, Patrizio. Firm size distribution and growth. Banca d'Italia, 2001.

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Freeman, James M. Firm-size distributions: A piecewise regression analysis. University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, 1985.

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Benjamin, Nancy C. The informal sector in francophone Africa: Firm size, productivity and institutions. World Bank, 2012.

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Gary, Sawchuk, Whewell Lori, and Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch., eds. The effect of tariff reductions on firm size and firm turnover in Canadian manufacturing. Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch, 2003.

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Machin, S. The productivity effects of unionisation and firm size in British engineering firms. University of Warwick,Department of Economics, 1988.

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Machin, S. The productivity effects of unionisation and firm size in British engineering firms. University of Warwick, Dept. of Economics, 1988.

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Amatori, Franco, Matteo Bugamelli, and Andrea Colli. Technology, Firm Size, and Entrepreneurship. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0016.

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Firms are one of the main characters of any economy and an excellent observatory for monitoring a nation's evolution. The history of Italy's productive system in the last 150 years is divided into three parts, corresponding to a similar number of industrial revolutions. While firms obtained excellent results in the first two, their inability to grow further inhibited the wide use of the Third Industrial Revolution's features, information and communication technologies. This became a serious obstacle for Italy reaching the international economic frontier. There are many causes-political and eco
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Toniolo, Gianni, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.001.0001.

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A new economic history of Italy since the country's political unification in 1861. New data and interpretations by leading international economic historians and brilliant young Italian economists to reconsider the relatively little-known story of a latecomer to "modern economic growth", who rapidly caught up with the advanced Western countries. Fresh research includes: a new set of national accounts covering the entire period 1861-2011, standard of living indicators (including income distribution from the late nineteenth century onward), productivity levels and growth rates, human and social c
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Herrera, Santiago, and Karim Badr. Why Does the Productivity of Education Vary Across Individuals in Egypt? Firm Size, Gender, and Access to Technology as Sources of Heterogeneity in Returns to Education. The World Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5740.

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Ghali, Sofiane, and Habib Zitouna. Labor Demand in Tunisia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the employment performance and capacities of the Tunisian private sector. The analysis relies mainly on data from the annual enterprise surveys and on the TLMPS 2014 data. The size and the structure of the Tunisian labor market are analyzed, showing that the creation of more jobs requires the private sector to invest more, especially in new technologies. The private sector must increase its share in the economy and improve its competitiveness internationally. The intra- and inter-sectoral allocation of employment and variation of labor productivity are described, analyzin
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Book chapters on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Gruneberg, Stephen L., and Graham J. Ive. "Size Distributions and Polarisation of Construction Firms and Markets." In The Economics of the Modern Construction Firm. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230510432_3.

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Ray, Debarati Chatterjee. "Productivity Dispersion and Firm Size: An Inquiry with Indian Manufacturing Firms." In India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8269-7_7.

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Corbellini, Aldo, Lisa Crosato, Piero Ganugi, and Marco Mazzoli. "Fitting Pareto II Distributions on Firm Size: Statistical Methodology and Economic Puzzles." In Advances in Data Analysis. Birkhäuser Boston, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4799-5_26.

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van den Broeck, Julien. "Stochastic Frontier Inefficiency and Firm Size for Selected Industries of the Belgian Manufacturing Sector: Some New Evidence." In Applications of Modern Production Theory: Efficiency and Productivity. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3253-1_3.

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Leydesdorff, Loet. "Regions, Innovations, and the North–South Divide in Italy." In Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Scientific and Scholarly Communication. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59951-5_6.

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AbstractUsing firm-level data collected by Statistics Italy for 2008, 2011, and 2015, the Triple-Helix synergy among geographical and size distributions of firms and technology classes is analyzed both regionally and nationally. The Italian system is both knowledge-based and knowledge-intensive, and therefore an interesting case. The contributions to national synergy of the twenty regions in Italy have increased between 2008 and 2015, but synergy generation at levels above the regions has remained relatively stable at approximately 45%. As against the statistical classification into twenty regions, or into Northern, Central, and Southern Italy, the greatest synergy is retrieved by defining the country in terms of Northern and Southern Italy as two sub-systems, with Tuscany included as part of Northern Italy. Different innovation strategies could be developed for these two parts of the country. However, the current focus on twenty regions for innovation policies may to some extent be an artefact of the statistics and EU policies. In terms of sectors, both medium- and high-tech manufacturing (MHTM) and knowledge-intensive services (KIS) are integrated proportionally in the various regions.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Sweet cherry rootstocks." In Sweet cherries. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0066.

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Abstract All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. This chapter deals with sweet cherry rootstocks. Rootstocks are used for several purposes: (i) ease for propagating and producing more trees of a superior cultivar; (ii) better adaptation to particular soil or site characteristics; and (iii) the potential improvement of production due to additional traits like precocious flowering, higher productivity, and greater or reduced scion vigor as appropriate. Unfortunately, no one rootstock can satisfy all the requirements for consistently producing high yields of large, firm fruit of premium quality. Growers are advised to consider carefully the effects of each specific scion-rootstock combination as a function of environmental and cultural practices when replanting an orchard. Selecting the proper rootstock depends not only on the management skills of the grower, but also on the scion cultivar, training system, and site climate and soil selected for the orchard. Dwarfing, semi-dwarfing and even semi-vigorous rootstocks have major economic advantages over full-size rootstocks. The development of these new, precocious rootstocks has been almost as significant to the sweet cherry industry as to the apple industry several decades ago. When compared to Mazzard, Colt and even Mahaleb, size-controlling rootstocks have allowed sweet cherry growers an opportunity to plant high density, pedestrian orchards that become profitable more quickly, are more readily protected with orchard covering systems, and promote greater labor efficiency, easier management, and a safer and more productive work environment.
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Atiyas, Izak, Ozan Bakış, and Esra Çeviker Gürakar. "Anatolian Tigers and the Emergence of the Devout Bourgeoisie in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry." In Crony Capitalism in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799870.003.0004.

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It has widely been asserted that an important dimension of social dynamics that eventually carried the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) to political power is the emergence of a “devout bourgeoisie” especially in the new growth centers of Anatolia. This chapter uses firm-level data since the 1980s to trace the economic and especially productivity dynamics in the manufacturing industries of new growth centers in Anatolia (“Anatolian Tigers”) in comparison to traditional growth centers (the “West”). It observes that what happened in the 1990s in the Tigers was a significant change in the size distribution of employment with the emergence of a significant number of medium-sized enterprises. In the late 2000s, there was a more visible convergence between labor productivity in the Tigers and the West and this convergence was more visible among large firms. The chapter examines the evolution of members of religious business associations among the largest 1000 manufacturing firms in Turkey, observing that the number of such firms increased substantially especially after the mid-1990s. These firms are export oriented, on average smaller than firms associated with business associations that represent the traditional industrial elite, and more concentrated in relatively labor-intensive industries that display lower productivity. The chapter argues that the evidence is broadly consistent with a story of increased inclusion and competition in manufacturing. It discusses the role of political connections and concludes that they possibly had a more diminished role in the emergence of devout businesses in manufacturing compared to rent-thick activities such as public procurement, construction, or regulated industries.
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"Labour productivity and firm-size heterogeneity." In OECD Factbook. OECD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2008-96-en.

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Castellani, Davide. "Export behaviour, firm size and productivity growth in Italy." In Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203987377.ch7.

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"Export behaviour, firm size and productivity growth in Italy." In Linking Local and Global Economies. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203987377-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Tăbîrcă, Alina Iuliana, and Oana Raluca Ivan. "Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship - Evidence from Romanian Entrepreneurs." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/44.

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Nowadays, one of the essential issues of any business is represented by CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility is also known, from a European view, as the “Responsible Business Conduct” of everyone, and so this paper highlights the importance of being responsible from early beginnings. Being actual “revolutionary forces”, entrepreneurs contribute to national wealth and growth, job creation, productivity stimulation, adaptation and innovation to meet ongoing changes in market demands. We analyze the conduct of young entrepreneurs and discuss their knowledge in the matter of CSR. We ask young entr
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Kobayashi, Isao, and Mitsutoshi Nakajima. "Micro/Nanochannel Emulsification for Generating Monosize Droplets." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75238.

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Emulsification is an important process in various fields including foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemicals. Emulsification operation is commonly conducted using conventional emulsification devices, such as high-speed blenders, colloid mills, high-pressure homogenizers, and ultrasonic homogenizers. However, these emulsification devices result in the production of polydisperse emulsions with wide droplet size distributions and poor controllability in droplet size and its distribution. In contrast, monodisperse emulsions consisting of monosize droplets have received a great deal of atten
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Dhami, Harish Singh, and Koushik Viswanathan. "On the Formation of Spherical Particles in Surface Grinding." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8278.

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Abstract Grinding swarf is conventionally of secondary interest to the process engineer. However, it has long been recognized that it is a useful indicator of process performance — the exact particle morphologies occurring in the swarf contain a wealth of information about the abrasive-workpiece interaction mechanics. In this work, we study the generation of perfectly spherical particles when grinding two plain carbon steels and a grade of stainless steel with an alumina wheel. Similar particles have also been reported in the wear community and several possible formation mechanisms have been d
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Ficquet, Xavier, Karim Serasli, and Ed J. Kingston. "Residual Stress Measurement, Finite Element Mapping and Flaw Simulation for a Girth Welded Pipe." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41990.

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Optimising the structural integrity of an oil and gas pipeline is hugely important for its productivity and hence profitability. The structural integrity of a pipeline is influenced by factors such as: stress (i.e. applied and residual), material properties, environment, and the size and orientation of contained flaws. For example, whilst in operation, the integrity of a pipeline can be extended by reducing its applied stresses e.g. the flow and pressure of the oil and gas running within. Prior to operation however the integrity of the pipeline can easily be extended by reducing the residual s
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Patil, Ravindra M., P. V. Murthy, Kutbuddin Bhatia, Mayur Deshpande, and Karan Pande. "Implementation of Multistack Sand Exclusion Methodology in Extremely Unconsolidated Wells: Learnings from Marginal Daman Field, Western Offshore India." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21310-ms.

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Abstract The Daman marginal field is a prolific gas-producing clastic field with highly unconsolidated Paleo-Miocene sandstone formations and a wide variety of lithologies across multistack sand layers. As such, high-rate water packs (HRWPs) are the ideal completion method in many Mumbai fields. Because multistack reservoirs require good zonal isolation, and to prevent crossflow between reservoirs with different pressure regimes, multistack sand exclusion (MSSE) methodology was selected for primary well completions with minimum rig time and a high degree of treatment placement accuracy. From a
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Reports on the topic "Productivity; Firm size; Distributions"

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Garicano, Luis, Claire LeLarge, and John Van Reenen. Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18841.

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Chaney, Thomas, and Ralph Ossa. Market Size, Division of Labor, and Firm Productivity. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18243.

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Cravo, Tulio, Paulo Jacinto, and Caroline Schimanski. Employment Cyclicality by Firm Size, Wage, Productivity and Age in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001374.

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