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Journal articles on the topic 'Productivity; Firm size; Distributions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Garicano, Luis, Claire Lelarge, and John Van Reenen. "Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France." American Economic Review 106, no. 11 (2016): 3439–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130232.

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We show how size-contingent laws can be used to identify the equilibrium and welfare effects of labor regulation. Our framework incorporates such regulations into the Lucas (1978) model and applies it to France where many labor laws start to bind on firms with 50 or more employees. Using population data on firms between 1995 and 2007, we structurally estimate the key parameters of our model to construct counterfactual size, productivity, and welfare distributions. We find that the cost of these regulations is equivalent to that of a 2.3 percent variable tax on labor. In our baseline case with

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2

Head, Keith, Thierry Mayer, and Mathias Thoenig. "Welfare and Trade without Pareto." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (2014): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.310.

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Quantifications of gains from trade in heterogeneous firm models assume that productivity is Pareto distributed. Replacing this assumption with log-normal heterogeneity retains some useful Pareto features, while providing a substantially better fit to sales distributions-especially in the left tail. The cost of log-normal is that gains from trade depend on the method of calibrating the fixed cost and productivity distribution parameters. When set to match the size distribution of firm sales in a given market, the log-normal assumption delivers gains from trade in a symmetric two-country model

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3

Mrázová, Monika, J. Peter Neary, and Mathieu Parenti. "Sales and Markup Dispersion: Theory and Empirics." Econometrica 89, no. 4 (2021): 1753–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta17416.

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We characterize the relationship between the distributions of two variables linked by a structural model. We then show that, in models of heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, this relationship implies a new demand function that we call “CREMR” (Constant Revenue Elasticity of Marginal Revenue). This demand function is the only one that is consistent with productivity and sales distributions having the same form (whether Pareto, lognormal, or Fréchet) in the cross section, and it is necessary and sufficient for Gibrat's Law to hold over time. Among the applications we consider, we us

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4

Bartelsman, Eric, John Haltiwanger, and Stefano Scarpetta. "Cross-Country Differences in Productivity: The Role of Allocation and Selection." American Economic Review 103, no. 1 (2013): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.1.305.

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This paper investigates the effect of idiosyncratic (firm-level) policy distortions on aggregate outcomes. Exploiting harmonized firm-level data for a number of countries, we show that there is substantial and systematic cross-country variation in the within-industry covariance between size and productivity. We develop a model in which heterogeneous firms face adjustment frictions (overhead labor and quasi-fixed capital) and distortions. The model can be readily calibrated so that variations in the distribution of distortions allow matching the observed cross-country moments. We show that the

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5

Hottman, Colin J., Stephen J. Redding, and David E. Weinstein. "Quantifying the Sources of Firm Heterogeneity *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 3 (2016): 1291–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw012.

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Abstract We develop and structurally estimate a model of heterogeneous multiproduct firms that can be used to decompose the firm-size distribution into the contributions of costs, “appeal” (quality or taste), markups, and product scope. Using Nielsen barcode data on prices and sales, we find that variation in firm appeal and product scope explains at least four fifths of the variation in firm sales. We show that the imperfect substitutability of products within firms, and the fact that larger firms supply more products than smaller firms, implies that standard productivity measures are highly

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6

Arkolakis, Costas. "A Unified Theory of Firm Selection and Growth *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 1 (2016): 89–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv039.

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Abstract This article develops an analytical framework to study firm and exporter growth and provides a dynamic foundation for a standard general equilibrium trade model. Firm-level growth is the result of idiosyncratic productivity improvements with a continuous arrival of new potential producers. A firm enters a market if it is profitable to incur the marginal cost to reach the first consumer and pays an increasing marketing cost to reach additional consumers. I calibrate the model using data on the cross section of firm sales and bilateral trade, as well as the rate of incumbent firm exit.

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7

Huynh, Kim P., David T. Jacho-Chávez, Robert J. Petrunia, and Marcel C. Voia. "A nonparametric analysis of firm size, leverage and labour productivity distribution dynamics." Empirical Economics 48, no. 1 (2014): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-014-0807-9.

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8

Tovar, Beatriz, Francisco Javier Ramos-Real, and Edmar Fagundes de Almeida. "Firm size and productivity. Evidence from the electricity distribution industry in Brazil." Energy Policy 39, no. 2 (2011): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.11.001.

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9

Aoki, Shuhei, and Makoto Nirei. "Zipf's Law, Pareto's Law, and the Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, no. 3 (2017): 36–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20150051.

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We construct a tractable neoclassical growth model that generates Pareto's law of income distribution and Zipf's law of the firm size distribution from idiosyncratic, firm-level productivity shocks. Executives and entrepreneurs invest in risk-free assets, as well as their own firms' risky stocks, through which their wealth and income depend on firm-level shocks. By using the model, we evaluate how changes in tax rates can account for the evolution of top incomes in the United States. The model matches the decline in the Pareto exponent of the income distribution and the trend of the top 1 perc

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10

McCarthy, James K., John M. Dwyer, and Karel Mokany. "A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (2019): 20192221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.

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Metabolic scaling theory (MST) is one of ecology's most high-profile general models and can be used to link size distributions and productivity in forest systems. Much of MST's foundation is based on size distributions following a power law function with a scaling exponent of −2, a property assumed to be consistent in steady-state ecosystems. We tested the theory's generality by comparing actual size distributions with those predicted using MST parameters assumed to be general. We then used environmental variables and functional traits to explain deviation from theoretical expectations. Finall

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11

Carvalho, Vasco M., and Basile Grassi. "Large Firm Dynamics and the Business Cycle." American Economic Review 109, no. 4 (2019): 1375–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151317.

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Do large firm dynamics drive the business cycle? We answer this question by developing a quantitative theory of aggregate fluctuations caused by firm-level disturbances alone. We show that a standard heterogeneous firm dynamics setup already contains in it a theory of the business cycle, without appealing to aggregate shocks. We offer an analytical characterization of the law of motion of the aggregate state in this class of models, the firm size distribution, and show that aggregate output and productivity dynamics display: (i ) persistence, (ii ) volatility, and (iii ) time-varying second mo

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12

Hirsch, Kelvin G., Justin J. Podur, Robert F. Janser, Robert S. McAlpine, and David L. Martell. "Productivity of Ontario initial-attack fire crews: results of an expert-judgement elicitation study." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 3 (2004): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-237.

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A structured expert-judgement elicitation technique was used to develop probability distributions for fireline production rates for Ontario's three- and four-person initial-attack crews for seven common fuel types and two distinct levels of fire intensity (i.e., low, 500 kW/m; moderate, 1500 kW/m). A total of 141 crew leaders provided 900 estimates of the minimum, maximum, and most likely (mode) time to construct 610 m (2000 ft) of fireline. This information was used to estimate parameters for beta probability distributions for each individual and scenario. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the

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13

Leonidov, A. V., and E. E. Vasilyeva. "Schumpeterian evolution of firms’ capital - labor ratio distribution." Journal of the New Economic Association 48, no. 4 (2020): 12–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2020-48-4-1.

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According to J. Schumpeter innovation and imitation are two key drivers of economic growth. A quantitative realization of this idea using the formalism of kinetic equations was described in a number of papers. In most of these studies only one firm efficiency factor, the total factor productivity, was considered. In general, a description of economic evolution should include more efficiency factors such as, e.g., total factor productivity (TFP) and capital-labor ratio. The present study makes a preliminary step in the direction of two factor model development by considering central planner̕s p

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14

Mahmood, Zafar, and Jafar Hussain. "Performance of Foreign and Local Firms in Pakistan: A Comparison." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4II (1991): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4iipp.837-847.

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There is a little doubt in the argument that foreign-owned (henceforth foreign) fIrms are more productive than local fIrms in less-developed countries because the former use more capital-intensive techniques, employ more qualifIed workers, and are able to reap the economies of scale [see Blomstrom (1988); Chudnovsky (1979) and Willmore (1986)]. Such arguments, however, do not ascertain whether effIciency of foreign fIrms is due to any ownership-specifIc advantage or to other factors such as industrial distribution (product mix), size of the fIrm, capital intensity, skill intensity, market conc

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15

Parisi, Valentino. "The determinants of Italy’s corporate tax rates: an empirical investigation." Public and Municipal Finance 5, no. 4 (2016): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.05(4).2016.01.

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This paper examines the determinants of the effective corporate tax rates in Italy in the years 1998-2006. While from its inception in the early 1970s, the Italian business income tax regime changed only marginally for over twenty years, in the period between 1998 and 2006, the corporate tax system underwent two major reforms with the declared objective of simplifying the system and reducing the tax burden on firms. Therefore, from a tax policy perspective, the author believes Italy is an interesting case study. The empirical analysis is based on a strongly balanced panel with 5,134 companies

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16

de Wit, Gerrit. "Firm size distributions." International Journal of Industrial Organization 23, no. 5-6 (2005): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.01.012.

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17

De, Prabal K., and Priya Nagaraj. "Productivity and firm size in India." Small Business Economics 42, no. 4 (2013): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9504-x.

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18

Medrano-Adán, Luis, Vicente Salas-Fumás, and J. Javier Sanchez-Asin. "Firm size and productivity from occupational choices." Small Business Economics 53, no. 1 (2018): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0048-y.

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19

Angelini, Paolo, and Andrea Generale. "On the Evolution of Firm Size Distributions." American Economic Review 98, no. 1 (2008): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.1.426.

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We study the impact of financial constraints on firm size distribution (FSD). We find that financially constrained firms, identified using various proxies, are smaller than the others (their FSD is more skewed to the right). Among OECD countries, however, the FSD of nonconstrained firms virtually overlaps that of the entire sample, suggesting that the overall impact of financial constraints on the FSD is modest. The difference is more pronounced in our sample of firms from non-OECD countries. We conclude that financial constraints cannot be considered the main determinant of the FSD evolution

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20

Reichstein, T. "Firm size and firm growth rate distributions--The case of Denmark." Industrial and Corporate Change 14, no. 6 (2005): 1145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dth089.

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21

Rosser, Bruce A., and Jean M. Canil. "Is there a firm-size effect in CEO stock option grants?" Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 1 (2008): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i1p12.

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Schaefer (1998) and Baker and Hall (2004) posit a firm size effect for regular executive compensation but not specifically for executive stock option grants. They propose an inverse relation between pay-performance sensitivity and firm size along with a positive relation between the marginal productivity of executive effort and firm size. The product of pay-performance sensitivity and executive productivity is „incentive strength‟. They find a weakly positive association between incentive strength and firm size. We substitute Hall and Murphy‟s (2002) pay-performance sensitivity metric to detec

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22

장진숙 and ZiHongmin. "Firm Size and Productivity in the Securities Industry." Productivity Review 25, no. 2 (2011): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.15843/kpapr.25.2.201106.289.

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23

Chaney, Thomas, and Ralph Ossa. "Market size, division of labor, and firm productivity." Journal of International Economics 90, no. 1 (2013): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.11.003.

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24

Sup Cho, Sang. "A study on firm size distribution of the service sector and manufacturing sector." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 1 (2016): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-12-2016-011.

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Purpose This study aims to estimate the firm size distributions that belong to the service sector and manufacturing sector in Korea. Design/methodology/approach When estimating the firm size distribution, the author considers the following two major factors. First, the firm size distribution can have a gamma distribution rather than traditional accepted distributions such as Pareto distribution or log-normal distribution. In particular, industry-specific enterprises can have different size distributions of the type of gamma distribution. Second, the firm size distribution that is applied to th

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25

Freeman, James M. "A Piecewise Regression Analysis for Firm-Size Distributions." Statistician 35, no. 5 (1986): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2987969.

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26

Satpathy, Lopamudra D., and Bikash Ranjan Mishra. "Size-Competition-Productivity Nexus: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 2 (2019): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561419859185.

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Over the years, researches have witnessed incongruence nature and direction of relationship among product market competition and firm size with the growth of firms’ productivity across the globe. Considering these gaps, this study aims to establish both short- and long-run relationships among these three characteristics of Indian manufacturing firms and intends to find their directions of causalities. This study uses firm-level data over a period of 1998–1999 to 2012–2013. Using Panel ARDL-PMG method, the results reveal the existence of a long-run association among product market competition,

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27

Børing, Pål. "The relationship between firm productivity, firm size and CSR objectives for innovations." Eurasian Business Review 9, no. 3 (2019): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40821-019-00123-y.

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28

Giat, Yahel, and Dan Bouhnik. "A Decision Support System and Warehouse Operations Design for Pricing Products and Minimizing Product Returns in a Food Plant." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 16 (2021): 039–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4692.

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Aim/Purpose: The first goal is to develop a decision support system for pricing and production amounts for a firm facing high levels of product returns. The second goal is to improve the management of the product returns process. Background: This study was conducted at a food importer and manufacturer in Israel facing a very high rate of product returns, much of which is eventually discarded. The firm’s products are commonly considered to be a low-cost generic alternative and are therefore popular among low-income families. Methodology: A decision support module was added to the plant’s busine

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29

Cordes, Christian, Tong-Yaa Su, and Pontus Strimling. "A critical human group size and firm size distributions in industries." Journal of Bioeconomics 21, no. 2 (2019): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10818-018-09282-w.

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30

Ha, Doan Thi Thanh, Kozo Kiyota, and Kenta Yamanouchi. "Misallocation and Productivity: The Case of Vietnamese Manufacturing." Asian Development Review 33, no. 2 (2016): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00074.

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This paper attempts to measure the effect of resource misallocation on aggregate manufacturing total factor productivity, focusing on Vietnamese manufacturing firms during the period 2000–2009. One of the major findings of this paper is that there would have been substantial improvement in aggregate total factor productivity in Viet Nam in the absence of distortions. The results imply that potential productivity gains from removing distortions in Vietnamese manufacturing are large. We also find that smaller firms tend to face advantageous distortions, while larger firms tend to face disadvanta

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31

Ranasinghe, Ashantha. "Innovation, firm size and the Canada-U.S. productivity gap." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 85 (December 2017): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2017.09.004.

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32

Lin, Shiue-Hung, and Yungho Weng. "Market size, productivity and product quality regarding firm heterogeneity." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 32, no. 1 (2019): 2924–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1653781.

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33

Antonelli, Cristiano, Francesco Crespi, and Giuseppe Scellato. "Productivity growth persistence: firm strategies, size and system properties." Small Business Economics 45, no. 1 (2015): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9644-2.

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34

Lawrance, Anthony B., and Robert E. Marks. "Firm size distributions in an industry with constrained resources." Applied Economics 40, no. 12 (2008): 1595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840600843988.

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35

Michalík, Jozef, Otília Lintnerová, Patrycja Wójcik-Tabol, et al. "Paleoenvironments during the Rhaetian transgression and the colonization history of marine biota in the Fatric Unit (Western Carpathians)." Geologica Carpathica 64, no. 1 (2013): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2013-0003.

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Abstract Terminal Triassic environmental changes are characterized by an integrated study of lithology, litho- and cyclostratigraphy, paleontology, mineralogy, geochemistry and rock magnetism in the Tatra Mts. The Carpathian Keuper sequence was deposited in an arid environment with only seasonal rivers, temporal lakes and swamps with scarce vegetation. Combination of a wide range of δ18O values (-0.7 to + 2.7) with negative δ13C values documents dolomite precipitation either from brackish or hypersaline lake water, or its derivation from pore water comparably to the Recent Coorong B-dolostone.

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36

Werner, Patricia A., and Peter G. Murphy. "Size-specific biomass allocation and water content of above- and below-ground components of three Eucalyptus species in a northern Australian savanna." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (2001): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99026.

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The biomass of component parts of individuals of three dominant canopy tree species in the northern savannas of Australia was determined from field populations in World Heritage Kakadu National Park. Forty individual trees of Eucalyptus tetrodonta F. Muell., E. miniata Cunn. ex Schauer and E. papuana F.Muell., representing a range in size from 4 to 50 cm diameter at breast height (DBH), were felled for dry biomass of leaves, branches, woody stems and bark. Forty-seven other trees of E. tetrodonta and E. miniata were excavated for belowground biomass, by using trenching methods. The average pro

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37

Lee, Bokwon, Joowoong Park, and Jae-Suk Yang. "Do older workers really reduce firm productivity?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 4 (2018): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618811008.

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In this article, we examine the effect of workforce ageing on company productivity, using an analysis based on Korean firms. We found that an increase in the ratio of workers aged over 50 years to total workers had a negative effect on value added per worker, which was consistent with the findings of most previous studies based on European data. However, the results of the analysis, including various classifications such as size, industry and several financial conditions, revealed that an increase in the ratio of older workers had positive effects on value added per worker in large manufacturi

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38

Rao, Leela E., John R. Matchett, Matthew L. Brooks, Robert F. Johnson, Richard A. Minnich, and Edith B. Allen. "Relationships between annual plant productivity, nitrogen deposition and fire size in low-elevation California desert scrub." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 1 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13152.

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Although precipitation is correlated with fire size in desert ecosystems and is typically used as an indirect surrogate for fine fuel load, a direct link between fine fuel biomass and fire size has not been established. In addition, nitrogen (N) deposition can affect fire risk through its fertilisation effect on fine fuel production. In this study, we examine the relationships between fire size and precipitation, N deposition and biomass with emphasis on identifying biomass and N deposition thresholds associated with fire spreading across the landscape. We used a 28-year fire record of 582 bur

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39

Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie X. Chen. "Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 2 (2018): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150437.

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Assessing productivity gains from multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive productivity gains are often attributed to productivity spillovers; however, an alternative, much less emphasized channel is selection and market reallocation, whereby competition leads to factor and revenue reallocation within and between domestic firms and exits of the least productive firms. We investigate the roles of these different mechanisms in determining aggregate-productivity gains using a unifying framework that explores the mechanisms' distinct predicti

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40

Fareed, Zeeshan, Zahid Ali, Farrukh Shahzad, Muhammad Imran Nazir, and Assad Ullah. "Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Power and Energy Sector." Studia Universitatis Babe-Bolyai Oeconomica 61, no. 3 (2016): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/subboec-2016-0005.

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Abstract The study examines the impact of key determinants of profitability of power and energy sector in Pakistan such as firm size, firm age, firm growth, productivity, financial leverage and electricity crisis discussed in the broader inter-disciplinary literature. For this purpose panel data of 16 firms of power and energy sector is taken for 2001 to 2012. The study considers profitability determinants at the firm as well as industry affiliation levels in examining hypotheses developed from resource-based approaches. Random effect model is used to detect the combination of variables that b

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41

Aava, Birgitta. "Primary productivity can affect mammalian body size frequency distributions." Oikos 93, no. 2 (2001): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930204.x.

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42

Mayer, Thierry, Marc J. Melitz, and Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano. "Market Size, Competition, and the Product Mix of Exporters." American Economic Review 104, no. 2 (2014): 495–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.2.495.

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We build a theoretical model of multi-product firms that highlights how competition across market destinations affects both a firm’s exported product range and product mix. We show how tougher competition in an export market induces a firm to skew its export sales toward its best performing products. We find very strong confirmation of this competitive effect for French exporters across export market destinations. Theoretically, this within-firm change in product mix driven by the trading environment has important repercussions on firm productivity. A calibrated fit to our theoretical model re

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43

Berlingieri, Giuseppe, Sara Calligaris, and Chiara Criscuolo. "The Productivity-Wage Premium: Does Size Still Matter in a Service Economy?" AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181068.

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The literature has established two robust stylized facts: (i) the existence of a firm size-wage premium and (ii) a positive relationship between firm size and productivity. However, the existing evidence is mainly based on manufacturing, which nowadays accounts for a small share of the economy. Using a unique micro-aggregated dataset covering 17 countries over 1994-2012, this paper compares these relationships across sectors. While the size-wage and size-productivity premia are significantly weaker in market services compared to manufacturing, the link between wages and productivity is stronge

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Ding, Chengri, and Yi Niu. "Market size, competition, and firm productivity for manufacturing in China." Regional Science and Urban Economics 74 (January 2019): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.11.007.

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45

Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. "Firm Size Matters: Growth and Productivity Growth in African Manufacturing." Economic Development and Cultural Change 53, no. 3 (2005): 545–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/426407.

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46

Tsai, Kuen-Hung. "R&D productivity and firm size: a nonlinear examination." Technovation 25, no. 7 (2005): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2003.12.004.

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47

Diaz, M. Angeles, and Rosario Sanchez. "Firm size and productivity in Spain: a stochastic frontier analysis." Small Business Economics 30, no. 3 (2007): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9058-x.

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48

Hasan, Syed, Alessandra Faggian, H. Allen Klaiber, and Ian Sheldon. "Agglomeration Economies or Selection? An Analysis of Taiwanese Science Parks." International Regional Science Review 41, no. 3 (2016): 335–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017616642822.

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Agglomeration spillovers are a major driver of policy creating science parks across the world. However, agglomeration benefits may be offset by competition arising out of spatial proximity of firms. Analysis of Taiwanese firms’ total factor productivity distribution shows that, depending on location choice, the impact of agglomeration and selection is heterogeneous across firm types. Spatial analysis is applied to evaluate the regional innovation policy of establishing science parks. A sectoral analysis of productivity distributions reveals that there is a positive relationship between technol

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49

Abreha, Kaleb Girma. "Importing and Firm Productivity in Ethiopian Manufacturing." World Bank Economic Review 33, no. 3 (2019): 772–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx009.

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Abstract This paper investigates the causal relationship between importing and firm productivity. Using a rich dataset from Ethiopian manufacturing over the period 1996–2011, I find that most firms rely on production inputs from the world market. These firms are better performing as shown by significant, economically large import premia. I also find strong evidence of self-selection of more productive firms into importing which is indicative of sizable import market entry costs. To examine the causal effect of importing on firm productivity, I use a model in which the static and dynamic effect

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Kim, Young-Joon. "Productivity and Growth Performance Differentials by Firm Size in Korean Manufacturing." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 9 (2015): 5897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.9.5897.

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