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Journal articles on the topic 'Productivity (Industrial Economics)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Glitz, Albrecht, and Erik Meyersson. "Industrial Espionage and Productivity." American Economic Review 110, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1055–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171732.

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In this paper, we investigate the economic returns to industrial espionage. We show that the flow of information provided by East German informants in the West over the period 1970–1989 led to a significant narrowing of sectoral TFP gaps between West and East Germany. These economic returns were primarily driven by relatively few high-quality pieces of information and particularly large in sectors closer to the West German technological frontier. Our findings suggest that the East-to-West German TFP ratio would have been 13.3 percent lower at the end of the Cold War had East Germany not engaged in industrial espionage in the West. (JEL L16, N44, O33, O38, O47, P24)

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2

Bai, Xuemei, and Gang Li. "Industrial Productivity Convergence in China." Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 2, no. 2 (May 2004): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765280410001684805.

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3

Oulton, Nicholas. "Industrial Productivity and Competitiveness: Introduction." National Institute Economic Review 162 (October 1997): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019716200104.

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4

Gaffard, Jean-Luc, and Michel Quéré. "Introduction. Industrial Dynamics, Productivity and Growth." Revue de l'OFCE 97 bis, no. 5 (2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.073.09.

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5

Fan, Jianyong. "Industrial agglomeration and difference of regional productivity." Frontiers of Economics in China 2, no. 3 (July 2007): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11459-007-0018-9.

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6

Crafts, Nicholas. "Understanding productivity growth in the industrial revolution †." Economic History Review 74, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 309–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13051.

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7

Shutters, Shade T., and Keith Waters. "Industrial Structure and a Tradeoff Between Productivity and Economic Resilience." Studies in Business and Economics 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2022-0057.

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Abstract The structures of regional economies play a critical role in determining both a region’s productivity and its resilience to shocks. We extend previous work on the regional occupation and skills structure by analyzing the effect of a region’s industry structure. We operationalize the concept of economic structure by constructing a network of interdependent economic components, employing ecological techniques of co-occurrence analysis to infer interactions between industries. For each U.S. metropolitan statistical area, we create an aggregate measure of economic tightness that captures the degree of interconnectedness among a region’s industries. We find that industry tightness, which we find is partly driven by rare industry pairs, is positively correlated with a region’s economic productivity, negatively correlated with a region’s change in productivity following the Great Recession. This study contributes to an understanding of the tradeoff between productivity and resilience, which is intended to help policy makers that face similar real-world tradeoffs.

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8

Jorgenson, Dale W. "Productivity and Postwar U.S. Economic Growth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.2.4.23.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sources of postwar U.S. economic growth. The findings presented here allocate more than three-fourths of U.S. economic growth during the period 1948-1979 to growth of capital and labor inputs and less than one-fourth to productivity growth. To provide additional insight into the sources of U.S. economic growth, this paper then analyzes the sources of growth for individual industrial sectors. The final objective of this paper is to complete the explanation of the slowdown in U.S. economic growth that took place after 1973. For this purpose we examine econometric models for individual industrial sectors that make the rate of productivity growth for each sector into an endogenous variable. In addition, these models incorporate inputs of energy and materials along with inputs of capital and labor. The models show that higher energy prices are important in explaining the slowdown in U.S. economic growth.

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9

Klodt, Henning. "Industrial Policy and the East German Productivity Puzzle." German Economic Review 1, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00016.

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Abstract Catching-up of East German productivity to West German levels has completely faded out since the mid-1990s. The remaining productivity gap cannot be attributed to an inferior capital endowment or qualification deficiencies of the East German labor force. Instead, it appears to be the result of an inappropriate design of industrial policy which concentrated on the subsidization of physical capital and largely ignored the advance of human capital- and service-intensive industrial structures. East Germany will have to face another wave of painful structural adjustment when capital-intensive industries are no longer protected from competition by public subsidies.

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10

Chen, Shiyi, and Jane Golley. "‘Green’ productivity growth in China's industrial economy." Energy Economics 44 (July 2014): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.04.002.

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11

O'Mahony, Mary. "Capital Stocks and Productivity in Industrial Nations." National Institute Economic Review 145, no. 1 (August 1993): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019314500109.

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12

Leach, Donald. "Production, Productivity and Employment." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8500100104.

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The solution to unemployment is often seen as lying in renewed economic growth leading to industrial expansion. The Index of Production (IOP) gives a measure of total industrial output for which the associated number of employees is also available. Productivity may then be defined as production per employee and an index generated by dividing the IOP by the number of employees. Increases of both production and productivity are seen as implicit in economic growth and high, medium and low growth trends may be extrapolated for both. This allows nine combinations of Production and Productivity to be modelled for their impact on employment. A comparison of these models with the number of employees in industry over the period 1959–82 shows that the behaviour can be explained by the rate of growth of production being less than that of productivity. The analysis is extended to include the aggregate of annual working time and, hence, hourly productivity from which it is concluded that even renewed growth of production at 3.5 per cent per annum would be accompanied by further job loss over the rest of the 1980’s.

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13

Evenson, Robert E. "Industrial Productivity Growth Linkages Between OECD Countries, 1970–90." Economic Systems Research 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535319700000016.

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14

Jefferson, Gary H., Thomas G. Rawski, and Yuxin Zheng. "Chinese Industrial Productivity: Trends, Measurement Issues, and Recent Developments." Journal of Comparative Economics 23, no. 2 (October 1996): 146–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1996.0052.

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15

Earle, John S., and Álmos Telegdy. "Privatization Methods and Productivity Effects in Romanian Industrial Enterprises." Journal of Comparative Economics 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 657–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2002.1798.

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16

Syverson, Chad. "What Determines Productivity?" Journal of Economic Literature 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 326–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.49.2.326.

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Economists have shown that large and persistent differences in productivity levels across businesses are ubiquitous. This finding has shaped research agendas in a number of fields, including (but not limited to) macroeconomics, industrial organization, labor, and trade. This paper surveys and evaluates recent empirical work addressing the question of why businesses differ in their measured productivity levels. The causes are manifold, and differ depending on the particular setting. They include elements sourced in production practices—and therefore over which producers have some direct control, at least in theory—as well as from producers' external operating environments. After evaluating the current state of knowledge, I lay out what I see are the major questions that research in the area should address going forward. (JEL D24, G31, L11, M10, O30, O47)

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17

Peetz, David. "The Productivity Commission and industrial relations reform." Economic and Labour Relations Review 27, no. 2 (May 17, 2016): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304616649305.

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18

Hansen, Eric R. "Agglomeration economies and industrial decentralization: The wage — productivity trade-offs." Journal of Urban Economics 28, no. 2 (September 1990): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(90)90047-q.

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19

Shah, Anwar. "Dynamics of Public Infrastructure, Industrial Productivity and Profitability." Review of Economics and Statistics 74, no. 1 (February 1992): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2109539.

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20

Yang, Zhenshan, and Zhe Cheng. "Investigating the Productivity of Industrial Parks in Beijing Using Malmquist Productivity Indexes." China: An International Journal 17, no. 2 (May 2019): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2019.0016.

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21

Block, James E. "The Shibboleth of Productivity: The Exhaustion of Industrial-Age Strategies in Post-Industrial Society." Review of Radical Political Economics 17, no. 1-2 (March 1985): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348501700108.

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22

BROADBERRY, STEPHEN, and CARSTEN BURHOP. "Resolving the Anglo-German Industrial Productivity Puzzle, 1895–1935: A Response to Professor Ritschl." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 3 (September 2008): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000685.

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This response offers a critical appraisal of the claim of Albrecht Ritschl to have found a possible resolution to what he calls the Anglo-German industrial productivity puzzle, which arose as the result of a new industrial production index produced in an earlier paper by the same author. Projection back from a widely accepted 1935/36 benchmark using the Ritschl index showed German industrial labor productivity in 1907 substantially higher than in Britain. This presented a puzzle for at least two reasons. First, other comparative information from the pre—World War I period, such as wages, seems difficult to square with much higher German labor productivity at this time. Second, a direct benchmark estimate produced by Stephen Broadberry and Carsten Burhop, using production census information for Britain and industrial survey material of similar quality for Germany, suggested broadly equal labor productivity in 1907. Broadberry and Burhop also showed that if Walther Hoffmann's industrial output index was used instead of the Ritschl index for Germany, the puzzle largely disappeared.

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23

Bustos, Paula, Bruno Caprettini, and Jacopo Ponticelli. "Agricultural Productivity and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Brazil." American Economic Review 106, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 1320–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131061.

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We study the effects of the adoption of new agricultural technologies on structural transformation. To guide empirical work, we present a simple model where the effect of agricultural productivity on industrial development depends on the factor-bias of technical change. We test the predictions of the model by studying the introduction of genetically engineered soybean seeds in Brazil, which had heterogeneous effects on agricultural productivity across areas with different soil and weather characteristics. We find that technical change in soy production was strongly labor-saving and led to industrial growth, as predicted by the model. (JEL J43, O13, O14, O33, Q15, Q16)

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24

Hussain, Mian Tajammal. "Skill Development, Productivity, and Growth." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (December 1, 2005): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.1153-1155.

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I am extremely grateful to Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad for giving me an opportunity to share my views on “Skill Development for Growth and Productivity”. Pakistan is currently experiencing an exciting period of economic and social change. The post-WTO regime and the global market dictate has exposed Pakistans’ economy to international competitiveness necessitating rapid technological changes in the industry. There is definite and recurring need to optimise human resources through Skill Development efforts for achieving high productivity culture for investments in the industrial, commercial, agriculture and services sectors. There is clear indication that low cost labour will no longer be significant advantage for any business which is not based on productivity charged and quality oriented workforce. Therefore, a growing realisation exists for the huge skill deficiency and the demand for competitive workforce with constant supply from educational, vocational/technical training institutions. These hard facts point towards urgent development of strong network between various stakeholders to achieve skill development for economic development. Indeed skill excellence and human resource development has been acknowledged as the major component of economic and social development that contributes in direct proportion to poverty alleviation and national prosperity.

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25

Colmer, Jonathan. "Temperature, Labor Reallocation, and Industrial Production: Evidence from India." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190249.

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To what degree can labor reallocation mitigate the economic consequences of weather-driven agricultural productivity shocks? I estimate that temperature-driven reductions in the demand for agricultural labor in India are associated with increases in nonagricultural employment. This suggests that the ability of nonagricultural sectors to absorb workers may play a key role in attenuating the economic consequences of agricultural productivity shocks. Exploiting firm-level variation in the propensity to absorb workers, I estimate relative expansions in manufacturing output in more flexible labor markets. Estimates suggest that, in the absence of labor reallocation, local economic losses could be up to 69 percent higher. (JEL J23, J43, L60, O13, O14, Q54, Q56)

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26

Antràs, Pol, and Hans-Joachim Voth. "Factor prices and productivity growth during the British industrial revolution." Explorations in Economic History 40, no. 1 (January 2003): 52–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-4983(02)00024-4.

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27

Gordon, Robert J. "Does the “New Economy” Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.4.49.

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During the four years 1995-99 U.S. productivity growth experienced a strong revival and achieved growth rates exceeding that of the “golden age” of 1913-72. Accordingly many observers have declared the “New Economy” to be an Industrial Revolution even more important than the Second Industrial Revolution of 1860-1900, which made the golden age of productivity growth possible. This paper dissects the recent productivity revival, subtracts out a cyclical component, and concludes that there is no revival of the productivity growth trend in the 88 percent of the private economy lying outside of the durables manufacturing sector. The paper explains this surprising finding by pointing to limitations in computers and the internet in comparison with the great inventions of the past.

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28

Wolff, Edward N. "Industrial Composition, Interindustry Effects, and the U.S. Productivity Slowdown." Review of Economics and Statistics 67, no. 2 (May 1985): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1924726.

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29

Warburton, David A. "Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight?" Journal of Egyptian History 12, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 137–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340052.

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Abstract Based on the productivity of ancient Egyptian agriculture, a discussion of economic theory, per capita GDP, economic growth, and agrarian economies through history, this paper tries to isolate the relative roles of land, labor, and grain in the economy of Ancient Egypt. There is little room for full employment in an agrarian economy; in Bronze Age Egypt the labor of a small fraction of the population would have sufficed to nourish all. Aside from services, an agrarian economy cannot expand employment much. Increasing productivity is counter-productive and none of the wealthy agrarian economies grew organically into an industrial economy. Govert van Driel pointed out that in agrarian ancient Mesopotamia there was no place for the market or silver, although both were present (as is claimed for Egypt). Overcapacity, trade, underemployment, and finance allow an understanding of the ancient economies, economics and economic growth; the impact of using modern economic thought based on production (and not economic behavior and activity) results in a flawed theory that must be revised.

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30

Doucouliagos, Hristos, Patrice Laroche, and T. D. Stanley. "Publication Bias in Union-Productivity Research?" Articles 60, no. 2 (December 6, 2005): 320–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011724ar.

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This paper develops and applies several meta-analytic techniques to investigate the presence of publication bias in industrial relations research, specifically in the union-productivity effects literature. Publication bias arises when statistically insignificant results are suppressed or when results satisfying prior expectations are given preference. Like most fields, research in industrial relations is vulnerable to publication bias. Unlike other fields such as economics, there is no evidence of publication bias in the union-productivity literature, as a whole. However, there are pockets of publication selection, as well as negative autoregression, confirming the controversial nature of this area of research. Meta-regression analysis reveals evidence of publication bias (or selection) among U.S. studies.

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31

Klíma, J., and M. Palát. "Labour productivity as a factor forming the economic efficiency and competitive ability of the country." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5440-agricecon.

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The paper is focused on the evaluation of labour productivity in industry as a whole and in the selected branches in the Czech Republic in 1997–2001. The labour productivity index for employees is the ratio of industrial production indices and indices of the number of employees. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.

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32

Chen, Jingjing, Han Feng, and Hong Zhou. "Local industrial policy and productivity: Evidence from China." Contemporary Economic Policy 40, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coep.12555.

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33

Ghazi Khalil Jasim Al- Hayaly, Adel. "Industrial Sector and Development of Iraqi Economy by Kaldor's Approach For Years (2017-2030)." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 28, no. 132 (June 30, 2022): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v28i132.2270.

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The study aims to clarify the impact of growth in the industrial sector on economic growth in the Iraqi economics according to the methodology of Kaldor for (2017-2030) , taking into consideration the effect of the accumulation of capital in the calculation of growth rates in the economy through productivity estimate of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) to growth in the economy, which is why the study assumes a formula to comply with the laws of Kaldor growth models developed requirements. This study is the most important to find out the development of the laws of Kaldor among Arabic studies, especially the first and third, so that the relationship between the growth of industrial production and economic growth as represented by the overall productivity of factors of production , while employment relationship is in the non-manufacturing sector with total production of inputs (TFI). The study has concluded from the developed formulation to calculate degree of increasing in returning any production stage that the increasing degree of return comparable size when estimating the laws formats as there is a strong impact between the growth rates in industrial production and growth rates in gross domestic product

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34

Aghion, Philippe, Jing Cai, Mathias Dewatripont, Luosha Du, Ann Harrison, and Patrick Legros. "Industrial Policy and Competition." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20120103.

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Using a comprehensive dataset of all medium and large enterprises in China between 1998 and 2007, we show that industrial policies allocated to competitive sectors or that foster competition in a sector increase productivity growth. We measure competition using the Lerner Index and include as industrial policies subsidies tax holidays, loans, and tariffs. Measures to foster competition include policies that are more dispersed across firms in a sector or measures that encourage younger and more productive enterprises. (JEL L11, L25, L52, O14, O25, O47, P31)

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35

RITSCHL, ALBRECHT. "The Anglo-German Industrial Productivity Puzzle, 1895–1935: A Restatement and a Possible Resolution." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 2 (June 2008): 535–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000399.

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International productivity comparisons are often plagued by discrepancies between benchmark estimates and time series extrapolations. Broadberry and Burhop present both types of evidence for the Anglo-German comparison. For their preferred data, they find only a minimal German productivity lead prior to World War I, while use of a revised industrial output series for Germany by Ritschl leads to implausible results. This article presents further time series revisions and substantial corrections to the Broadberry and Burhop benchmark estimate. Results strongly suggest a considerable German productivity lead over Britain prior to World War I, which eroded during and after the war.

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36

Jin, Keyu. "Industrial Structure and Capital Flows." American Economic Review 102, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 2111–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.5.2111.

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This paper provides a new theory of international capital flows. In a framework that integrates factor-proportions-based trade and financial capital flows, a novel force emerges: capital tends to flow toward countries that become more specialized in capital-intensive industries. This “composition” effect competes with the standard force that channels capital toward the location where it is scarcer. If the composition effect dominates, capital flows away from the country hit by a positive labor force/productivity shock—a flow “reversal.'' Extended to a quantitative framework, the model generates sizable current account imbalances between developing and developed countries broadly consistent with the data. (JEL F14, F21, F32, F41, L16, O19)

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37

Adofu, Ilemona, and Innocent Okwanya. "Linkages between Trade Openness, Productivity and Industrialization in Nigeria: A Co-integration Test." Research in World Economy 8, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v8n2p78.

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This study examines the effect of trade openness and total factor productivity on industrial output in Nigeria. The data used for this analysis covers the period 1981-2015. The paper employs the VAR model in estimating the effect of trade openness on industrial output. The impulse response function and the variance decomposition are used to examine the response of industrial output to shocks in trade openness and total factor productivity. The results show that trade openness has a positive increasing effect on industrial output in Nigeria while the effect of total factor productivity on industrial output is found to be insignificant. The impulse response function shows over the long run period tfP negative effect on industrial output in Nigeria. The findings of this study certainly have important policy implications: it suggests that policies geared towards increasing trade openness should be encouraged as this tends to improve industrial output. This study contributes to economics literature by looking at the degree to which trade openness and total factor productivity influence industrial output in Nigeria.

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38

KOPSIDIS, MICHAEL, and NIKOLAUS WOLF. "Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 3 (August 22, 2012): 634–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000320.

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This article explores the pattern of land rents and agricultural productivity across nineteenth-century Prussia to gain new insights on the causes of the “Little Divergence” between European regions. We argue that agriculture reacted to urban and industrial development rather than shaping it. In the spirit of Johann von Thünen and Ernst Engel, we develop a theoretical model to test how access to urban demand affected agricultural development. We show that the effect of urban demand is causal and that it is in line with recent findings on a limited degree of interregional market integration in nineteenth-century Prussia.

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39

LI, KUI-WAI. "ANALYZING THE TFP PERFORMANCE OF CHINESE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 05 (December 2018): 1263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816500077.

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After nearly four decades of rapid growth, the China economy is faced with various challenges. The 2008 crisis would have served as the last straw as China experienced falls and volatilities in industrial output, export and foreign direct investment. The new policy focuses on expansion of domestic consumption and rebalancing. Given the unreliability of Chinese products, there is a need to rebuild product acceptability and market confidence. The structure of industrial enterprises, especially the small- and medium-sized enterprises, will play a crucial role in the next phase of development in the China economy. This paper uses the data on Chinese industrial enterprises to estimate the productivity performance of enterprises across regions and industries. The discussion is placed on the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on the China economy and industries enterprises. By using a simple methodology and OLS regression analysis on the estimation of total factor productivity, the empirical results show that SMEs and non-SMEs do perform differently in different industries and across regions, but SMEs suffered more than non-SMEs since the 2008 crisis.

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40

Skorik, Ksenia. "Structural transformations of the EU industrial sector." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.03.97.

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The issue of industrial policy and industrial problems is one of the most controversial in the European academic community. Even today, we see a lack of theoretical basis for decision-making on industrial policy issues. The main purpose of the publication is to assess the contribution of industry to the socio-economic development of the EU and its member states, as well as to the dynamic structural changes that took place during 2000-2019. To achieve the article's goal, the author uses such indicators as the share of the industrial sector in the generation of gross value added, employment, labor productivity, and exports/imports. The article reveals a general trend to increase in the share of the services sector in the generation of gross value added for the EU-28 and to decrease in the share of the industrial sector. It is established that industry remains an important sector for the EU economy, and for the EU-28, it provides almost 20% of gross value added and more than 70% of total exports, and accounts for about 15% of the employed population. For each of the EU countries, the socio-economic contribution of industry is different - for Central and Eastern Europe, it is more important in the generation of gross value added and employment than for the EU founder countries of the euro area (the EU-15 group). It is found that labor productivity in the EU-15 is higher than in other countries. Growing labor productivity is typical for Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and Great Britain, while lower productivity - for such CEE countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. At the same time, growth rates of all industrial indicators in the latter countries is much higher than in the EU-15. The author considers the new EU industrial policy and various problems of the industrial sector in the EU. The study was carried out on the statistical basis of the European Commission using the methodology of Polish scientists of the Warsaw School of Economics to study the new industrial policy (Krzysztof Falkowski, Adam A. Ambroziak 2015).

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Skorik, Ksenia. "Structural transformations of the EU industrial sector." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.03.115.

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The issue of industrial policy and industrial problems is one of the most controversial in the European academic community. Even today, we see a lack of theoretical basis for decision-making on industrial policy issues. The main purpose of the publication is to assess the contribution of industry to the socio-economic development of the EU and its member states, as well as to the dynamic structural changes that took place during 2000-2019. To achieve the article’s goal, the author uses such indicators as the share of the industrial sector in the generation of gross value added, employment, labor productivity, and exports/imports. The article reveals a general trend to increase in the share of the services sector in the generation of gross value added for the EU-28 and to decrease in the share of the industrial sector. It is established that industry remains an important sector for the EU economy, and for the EU-28, it provides almost 20% of gross value added and more than 70% of total exports, and accounts for about 15% of the employed population. For each of the EU countries, the socio-economic contribution of industry is different - for Central and Eastern Europe, it is more important in the generation of gross value added and employment than for the EU founder countries of the euro area (the EU-15 group). It is found that labor productivity in the EU-15 is higher than in other countries. Growing labor productivity is typical for Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and Great Britain, while lower productivity - for such CEE countries as Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. At the same time, growth rates of all industrial indicators in the latter countries is much higher than in the EU-15. The author considers the new EU industrial policy and various problems of the industrial sector in the EU. The study was carried out on the statistical basis of the European Commission using the methodology of Polish scientists of the Warsaw School of Economics to study the new industrial policy (Krzysztof Falkowski, Adam A. Ambroziak 2015).

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Bhattacharyya, Sujatra, and Arup Mitra. "Fourth industrial revolution and India's “employment problem”." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 7 (May 26, 2020): 851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2019-0540.

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PurposeThis paper aims at assessing the impact of innovation on productivity as sustainable development can be attained primarily through non-resource-driven growth. Secondly, it also proposes to reflect on the rising capital intensity in the Indian industries as technology advancement, particularly in the light of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to reduce the labour absorbing capacity of the industrial sector.Design/methodology/approachBased on panel data for different Indian firms in various groups of industries, this paper estimates TFPG and TE (following Cornwell et al. methodology) and assesses the impact of R&D expenditure on the performance indices. Secondly, it measures the capital intensity across various groups of industries to reflect on the “employment problem”.FindingsInnovation does not seem to enhance the performance index in a very significant manner across industry groups considered in the study. The lack of extensive evidence on impact of innovation on total factor productivity growth suggests that innovation does not necessarily result in technological progress while the need of the hour is to experience non-resource-driven growth on the one hand and employment growth on the other. The positive impact of innovation on efficiency as seen in the paper can be interpreted as the expenditure incurred to realize the potentiality of the technology which is possibly imported. However, capital accumulation is resulting in rapid productivity growth at the cost of employment.Research limitations/implicationsCapturing technological progress in terms of TFPG can be subjected to criticism.Practical implicationsPolicy implications for employment generation and inclusive growth are derived.Social implicationsThe study cautions us about the adverse implications in terms of employment growth.Originality/valueAssessing the impact of innovation on performance such as TFPG and TE is rather rare in the literature, and this paper tries to reflect on this aspect using the Indian firm-level data. Secondly, the trade-offs between productivity growth and employment growth are brought out distinctly in order to highlight the declining labour absorbing capacity of the industrial sector. This enables us to reflect on the adverse consequences of the fourth industrial revolution.

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Eeckhout, Jan. "Sorting in the Labor Market." Annual Review of Economics 10, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053526.

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This review surveys the literature on sorting in the labor market. There are inherent differences in worker ability and across-firm productivity. Two fundamental questions are whether the exact composition of skills of workers and productivity of firms affects output and how this composition determines the equilibrium allocation of workers within a firm and between firms. There has been a surge of research investigating the causes and consequences of the process of allocation of heterogeneous workers to firms. The focus in this review is on theory that sheds light on open questions in macroeconomics, labor, and industrial organization, with a particular emphasis on the role of firm size. Those models allow us to infer from the observed sorting patterns (who matches with whom) what the underlying technological determinants are and how they have evolved in recent decades. Furthermore, they help us understand the technological origins of important labor market trends, such as the increase in wage inequality and the change in labor market and firm dynamics.

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Ambashi, Masahito. "Competition Effects and Industrial Productivity: Lessons from Japanese Industry." Asian Economic Papers 16, no. 3 (November 2017): 214–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00568.

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This study mainly investigates the causal relation between the degree of competition, which is measured by the Lerner index, and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate on the basis of the Japanese industry-level panel data from 1980 to 2008. While the main finding uncovers a positive effect of competition on the TFP growth rate in manufacturing industries throughout the sample period, 1980–2008, the observed effect for non-manufacturing industries at this time is slightly negative. This unique finding of a negative competition effect suggests that the Schumpeterian hypothesis may be applicable in non-manufacturing industries.

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Gopinath, Munisamy, Daniel Pick, and Yonghai Li. "An empirical analysis of productivity growth and industrial concentration in us manufacturing." Applied Economics 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000177143.

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Gu, Wulong, and Mun S. Ho. "A Comparison of Industrial Productivity Growth in Canada and the United States." American Economic Review 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.172.

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Gugler, Klaus, and Michael Pfaffermayr. "Convergence in Structure and Productivity in European Manufacturing?" German Economic Review 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-6485.2004.00094.x.

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Abstract We find fast convergence in productivity for 99 three-digit European industries over the 1985-98 period. Half of any productivity gap is closed on average in about 10-15 years. We explicitly formulate the steady-state assumptions for structural convergence to hold. Convergence in industrial structure is much slower than productivity catch-up with a half-life of around 50 years, a stylized fact which cannot easily be explained by the existing models of trade and growth.

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Mason, Geoff, Mary O'Mahony, and Rebecca Riley. "What is Holding Back UK Productivity? Lessons from Decades of Measurement." National Institute Economic Review 246 (November 2018): R24—R35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011824600111.

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UK labour productivity is significantly lower than that of many other similarly advanced economies and has been so for decades, with negative implications for UK living standards. To make matters worse, during the last ten years labour productivity growth has stalled in most industrialised countries, and particularly in the UK. This has led to a renewed policy focus on productivity growth, as evidenced by successive government productivity plans and efforts to re-invigorate industrial strategy. This paper reviews the evidence on UK productivity performance, identifying what we know about the causes of its weakness, what we do not know and what this means for policy. We review the evidence through the lens of developments in economic measurement, drawing in particular on the work of National Institute colleagues past and present, and with a view to the key measurement challenges ahead that, unlocked, will help us understand better what is holding back UK productivity.

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Corrado, Carol, Paul Lengermann, J. Joseph Beaulieu, and Eric J. Bartelsman. "Sectoral Productivity in the United States: Recent Developments and the Role of IT." German Economic Review 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00404.x.

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Abstract This paper introduces new estimates of recent productivity developments in the United States, using an appropriate theoretical framework for aggregating industry multi-factor productivity (MFP) to sectors and the total economy. Our work sheds light on the sources of the continued strong performance of US productivity since 2000.We find that the major sectoral players in the late 1990s pickup were not contributors to the more recent surge in productivity. Rather, striking gains in MFP in the finance and business service sector, a resurgence in MFP growth in the industrial sector, and an end to drops elsewhere more than account for the aggregate acceleration in productivity in recent years. Further, some evidence is found for a link between IT intensity and the recent productivity acceleration.

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Nye, John Vincent. "“The Conflation of Productivity and Efficiency in Economics and Economic History”: A Comment." Economics and Philosophy 6, no. 1 (April 1990): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100000699.

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In a recent article, Edward Saraydar (1989) takes economists and economic historians to task for equating productivity and efficiency in comparative economic analysis. Although I found his thesis interesting, I was a bit surprised to see selected remarks from my article on firm size in nineteenth-century France (Nye,1987) used to frame his criticism of productivity comparisons as a means of making prescriptive statements. The passages selected may mislead the reader as to the nature of my arguments. Let me quote Saraydar on this: … I argue that … the problem with equating productivity with efficiency is that from the neoclassical standpoint this strongly suggests a prescriptive view - a view that things should be or should have been different - and thereby frees the analyst from the need to justify the utility costs that might be or might have been required to make things different. Thus, in the French industrialization debate, for example, Nye points out that evidence that smaller family firms were less productive would support the conclusion “that nineteenth-century French firms were too small (for whatever reasons) and that consequently French industry suffered from inefficiency” (Nye, 1987, pp. 667–68). Suppose the evidence to which Nye refers to existed. [My emphasis] Distributive considerations aside, in neoclassical economics a more Pareto-efficient state by its very nature is to be preferred to a less efficient one. Therefore, the implication is that family firms should have been larger and more productive. However, suppose also that the plethora of small family firms in nineteenth-century France, in fact, constituted a longstanding, widely accepted, socially imbedded institution. Clearly, the traditionalist thought-experiment and conclusion would ignore the potential costs in utility or satisfaction to owners of factors of production, a utility loss that may well have been required to make the “more efficient.” transformation to a relatively few large-scale industrial firms. That potential utility loss cannot be ignored and should be part of the analysis. (Saraydar, 1989, p. 56)

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