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Academic literature on the topic 'Produits chimiques agricoles – Aspect environnemental – Guadeloupe'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Produits chimiques agricoles – Aspect environnemental – Guadeloupe"
Kadhel, Philippe. "Pesticides aux Antilles : impact sur la fonction de reproduction." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0212.
Full textReproductive function is known to be sensitive to the effects xenobiotics. The agricultural activies of the French West indies lead to a very hight rate of pesticide use. Individuals professionally exposed to pesticides are at risk. Moreover, the use of chlordecone in the past has caused persistent pollution of the natural environment and the contamination of food products. This raises questions and concerns regarding the potential effects on health in the population as a whole. We investigated, in Guadeloupe, the consequences of pesticide use for the fertility of individuals working on banana plantations. We stutied reproductive function in male ship rats from two ecosystems with different levels of pesticide pollution. We also stutied the level contamination of the population (agricultural workers, pregnant women and neonates) with chlordecone and other persistent pollutants. Finally, we evaluated the incidence of gynaecological cancers. The fertility of agricultural workers (sperm analyses and reproductive hormones) did not seem to be affected by the pesticides currently in use, and were not correlated with blood chlordecone concentration. Chlordecone was the persistent pollutant most frequently detected but concentrations were lower than those associated to toxic effects at Hopewel. The study of wild shpi rats showed the potential problems and limitation of the use of this model as a sentinel species. The incidence gynaecological cancers appears to be consistent with expectations, taking into account the socio-cultural, economic, ethno-geographic and health characteristics of Guadeloupe
Prévost, Philippe. "Le concept de régulation biologique et la formation professionnelle des agriculteurs : études didactiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10028.
Full textDos, Santos Cagarelho Nicolas. "Les droits français et européen à l'épreuve de l'innovation scientifique en matière agricole végétale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020062.
Full textFrench agriculture, which perpetuated an after-war objective of established efficiency criteria, was guided by the search for a greater productivity. This direction, promoted by both the Common Agricultural Policy and the globalisation of the markets, was mostly driven by States with strong agricultural potentials, especially France playing a leading role. This evolution was guided by scientific and technology innovations, carried by three initial promoters: the public authorities, the agricultural sector and industrial groups. Scientific innovations, in an effort to protect the plants and improve the quality of vegetables, triggered a growing involvement of public authorities which faced alerts from environmental activists and increasing public opinion on the matter. The expansion of a national legislation has been followed up over the last twenty years by a growing European regulation. The latter aims at establishing a compromise between health and food safety as well as protecting the environment and industrial progress. It also questions the coherence of the existing legal framework for agricultural crops applied to the French territory, the current legislation on scientific innovations for plant agriculture and it's possible limits. This thesis deals with 'The French and European Law Facing Scientific Innovation for Plant Agriculture'
Guérin, Dachkevitch Nathalie. "Emissions de N2 O par les sols cultivés : effets de la teneur en nitrate et de la température." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS081.
Full textGiacinti, Géraldine. "Etude du transport de molécules bioactives dans l'épiderme de fruits à pépins(Rosacea Juss) : mise au point et développement d'un procédé d'extraction de produits phytosanitaires." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0085.
Full textFor more than fifty years, the modern agriculture uses lots of products for crop protection in order to ensure optimum yields and to limit pathogens harmful for human or animal health. Until recently, the levels of pesticides in foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, cereals, forage crops, processed food…) were controlled but usually not problematic regarding the effects over time. Nowadays, more and more drastic requirements are appearing and becoming widespread. The products from farming and food industries must satisfy stricter and stricter standards in terms of residues for maintaining competitiveness. Particularly, for apples, whose treatments per season are among the highest in France, requirements tend to the zero detectable residue. The strategy of this work deals with, on one hand, the understanding of the transfert stages involved at the outer surface of the fruit. A physicochemical characterizations of epiderms of different apples led to the identification of the structures involved in the relationship between bioactive molecule and biopolymeric matrix. Fludioxonil was chosen for modelization for its frequency of use and for its atomic composition (fluorine). The epiderms of Fuji apples were selected as the matrix-model. On the other hand, a chemically treatment process of apples was studied and developed to release the residues of 12 pesticides among the most currently used in apple orchards of Midi-Pyrenees. Three varieties of apples among the most popular in France were selected for their different periods of harvest corresponding to variable pests risks. The results led to a possible scheme of desorption of bioactive molecules in the biopolymeric matrix, based on the theory of solubility developed by Hildebrandt and Hansen. In addition, the development of an analytical mehtod of quantitation of pesticides in the epidermal matrix of apples by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ion trap (GC/MS2) highlighted that : 1- the increase of the concentrations of the analytes of interest over the limits of detection of the applied analytical method promoted the quantitation of very low traces, even ultratraces ; 2- the analytes of interest concurrently underwent negative matrix effects. A strong interaction between some matrix analytes with pesticides was demonstrated and a mehtod of cleanup based on the hyphenation of high performance thin layer chromatography with GC/MS2 (HPTLC/GC/MS2) was suggested to minimize the negative matrix effects in that kind of concentrated matrix extracts