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Academic literature on the topic 'Produits de l'érable'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Produits de l'érable"
Dagenais, Christian. "Aboutage de l'érable à sucre pour la fabrication de produits de bois d'ingénierie structuraux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24607/24607.pdf.
Full textFinger-jointed softwood lumber is often used in manufacturing of structural engineered wood products such as glued laminated (glulam) beams and prefabricated wood I-joists. In Québec, producers of engineered wood products utilize generally wood species of Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) group, which includes softwood species recognized in Canadian standards. As hardwood species, sugar maple is not listed in the product standards, although, presumably, it can offer an interesting alternative to softwoods from the view point of strength. Literature review shows that there are many studies on finger-jointing but there are few on finger jointing of hardwoods. Certain machining parameters have to be controlled in order to produce suitable gluing surfaces and to optimize the finger-jointing process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of machining parameters on the ultimate tensile strength parallel to grain (UTS) of finger-jointed sugar maple dimension lumber. Three different chip-loads and three cutting speeds were used as variables. Based on test results, the cutting speed appeared to influence the UTS the most. The best UTS (47.1 MPa) of finger-jointed sugar maple specimens were achieved with a chip-load of 0.60 mm and a cutting speed of 2726 m/min (rotation speed of 3250 RPM and feed speed of 11.7 m/min). Finally, results of the study show that finger-jointed sugar maple possesses a good potential for structural applications including fabrication of structural engineered wood products.
Koffi, Kouassi. "Contribution au développement d'un procédé de stabilisation d'une boisson à base d'eau et de sirop d'érable par la technologie d'électro-activation en solution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30160/30160.pdf.
Full textDeveloping new methods to treat food and food products by the use of electrochemical techniques has played an important role in number of industrial processes. Among these electrochemical techniques, electro-activation is currently a new technology to treat and improve the quality of products and aqueous solutions in the food industry. Electro-activation is called "reagentless technology", which means a technology without the use of chemicals to auto-generate the conditions for chemical treatment of a food solution. Thus the main objective of this study was to develop a new technological approach using electro-activation as an electrochemical method for physico-chemical stabilization drinks from maple. The purpose of the study was to assess electrochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential (O.R.P), the transmittance and the Brix degree and energy consumption during electro-activation of the product. To achieve this objective, experiments were conducted using three different configurations of the electro-activation reactor which differ each over by the position of the anions exchange membrane (AEM) and the cations exchange membrane (CEM) relative to the electrodes and the nature of the electrolyte (NaCl or Na2CO3) contained in the central cell of the reactor : configuration # 1 (Anode | Product | AEM | Na2CO3 | CEM | NaCl | Cathode), configuration #2 (Anode | Product | CEM | Na2CO3 | AEM | NaCl | Cathode) and configuration #3 (Anode | Product | CEM | NaCl | AEM | NaCl | Cathode). The results showed the effectiveness of electro-activation to reduce pH, to improve the biological value of the product by increasing redox potential. At room temperature, the minimum pH reached was 3.89 for a maximum redox potential of 417.33 mV; configuration # 3, showed the highest acidification rate. Electro-activation technique yielded minimum pH of 3.78, to a redox potential of 329.67 mV, at 55 °C under application of a current of 150 mA. Product’s transmittance increased slightly during electro-activation, but, no effect on the Brix degree was recorded. As with any industrial process, the study also focused on the determination of ideal electro-activation conditions by using an optimization method based on the response surface method (MSR) of Minitab ® software, according comparative analysis, to determine the best factors combination allowing to obtain highest product acidity and redox potential combined with a minimum overall electric resistance (RG) of the reactor. Optimization related to the comparative study of configurations #1, #2 and #3, under the application of currents of intensity 50, 70 to 100 mA, at room temperature (T = 23 ° C) indicates that electro-activation performed with the configuration #3 for 77.5 min under a current of 100 mA, are conditions that optimize the process: pH 4.8; O.R.P: 343.3 mV; RG : 646.3 Ω. For the comparative study of configurations # 1 and # 3, under the application of a constant current of 150 mA at temperatures (T > Ta) results indicate a treatment time of 108 min, configuration # 3, temperature 35 ° C as operating conditions for optimal response : pH 4.2, O.R.P : 398.26 mV, RG: 530.6 Ω. Regarding the study on setting configuration # 3, under 150 mA at temperatures (T ≥ Ta) the best conditions are temperature 46.6 ° C and a treatment time of 118 min, for an optimize response of : pH 4.1, O.R.P : 343.2 mV, RG : 410.4 Ω.
Chapda, Nana Guy. "Trois essais en commerce international." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29920/29920.pdf.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays in empirical and theoretical international trade analyzing two main subjects: estimation of Gross National product function and strategic policy in presence of exchange rate pass-through and production risk. The first essay offers an innovative approach for analysis the impact on trade of regional trade agreements (RTA) with application to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and the United States adopted in 1989, which was extended to Mexico as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. More precisely, we estimate a Translog Gross National Product function and test for endogenously determined structural change allowing for anticipated and lagged responses to regional trade agreements. We found that Canada embarked on a long transition path prior to the implementation of the Canada-US Trade Agreement, a result reminiscent of Magee’s (2008) results concerning RTAs’ trade creation effects. In contrast, the United States experienced an abrupt structural change a year after the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect. This reflects that smaller economies benefitting from larger changes in terms of trade are confronted to more complex adjustment processes than larger economies. In the second essay, we empirically investigate the implications of the choice of dates when imposing local restrictions to maintain convexity in output prices and concavity in factor endowments in the the estimation of a GNP function approximated by a Translog (TL) function. Using macroeconomic data for Switzerland, we compare the TL to a Symmetric Normalized Quadratic (SNQ) function on which global curvature restrictions can be imposed. When the functions are unrestricted for curvature, convexity in prices is violated more often than concavity in factor endowments. The number of points for which both curvature conditions hold is sensitive to the date at which local restrictions are imposed on the TL, but estimated TL elasticities are robust. Through searching for an appropriate date, the TL matched the SNQ’s ability to impose curvature conditions at all points. However, many TL and SNQ elasticities differ in sign and magnitude. The likelihood dominance criterion and in-sample forecasts comparisons favored the TL. Thus, choosing a functional form solely based on the possibility of imposing global curvature conditions is not advised. In the last essay, we develop a strategic policy model inspired by the maple syrup industry. The province of Quebec accounts for 71% of the world’s production. We analyze how strategic policy choices and exchange rate pass-through are influenced by vertical linkages and production shocks which are observed after input prices are determined and “planned production” decisions are made. Downstream competition is modeled as a Bertrand duopoly with a home firm exporting all of its production to the importing country which is also supplied by a domestic downstream firm. We specifically examine two cases depending on whether the input price is negotiated between the input producer and the downstream firm in the exporting country or simply fixed by the input producer. We always assume that the upstream firm sets the input price in the importing country. Our analysis shows that the exporting government should subsidize production/exports and the foreign government should subsidize local production whatever the case chosen. We also show that when there is rationing, the exchange rate pass-through is charaterized by a threshold effect that is quite unlike the sort of theshold effect described in models with menu costs.
Lavoie, Lorianne. "Ingestion de produits de l'érable pendant l'exercice : effets sur l'appréciation, les sensations de goût des boissons et la perception d'effort." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22796.
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