Relevant bibliographies by topics / Produits du neem

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Produits du neem'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Kossou, Dansou K. "Evaluation des differents produits du neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss pour le controle de Sitophilus zeamais Motsch sur le mais en post-récolte." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 10, no. 03 (June 1989): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400003623.

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Susila, I. Wayan Widhiana. "POTENSI PRODUK MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI POTENSI DAUN MIMBA DI LOMBOK." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Faloak 1, no. 2 (April 2017): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpkf.2017.1.2.85-98.

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S. Sadakathulla. "NEEM PRODUCTS AGAINST COCONUT INSECT PESTS." CORD 9, no. 02 (June 1, 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v9i02.270.

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Three field experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of neem products against the damage of rhinoceros beetle to coconut palm and termite damage to coconut palm and plaited leaves. The application of cither neem seed powder + sand (1:2) or neem seed kernel powder + sand (1:2) @ 150 g mixture per palm in the bases of three leaf axils in the crown, were found more effective against rhinoceros damage. Spraying of neem oil 5% or neem seed kernel extract 20% from the base and up to, 2 m height on the truck protected the palm from termites. Spraying with copper sulphate 1% and‑then neem oil 5% or copper sulphate 1% and then neem seed kernel extract 20% on plaited coconut leaves was found efficacious in protecting plaited coconut leaves for more than six months even when the plaited leaves were kept on the bare ground having persistent live termite colony throughout the year.
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Hussein, Dr Mohamed Ali. "Environmental product between need, custom and application." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 221, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v221i2.465.

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Address our marked with (Environmental product between need, Customs and application) to examine the concept of need and the custom of the product of environmental as well as the possibility of employment of the product of environmental products in a contemporary, has emerged as the importance of research needs and the basic needs of secondary school and its relation to custom and tradition. Find out the set of results, including Basic needs and secondary schools are the foundation to create a product ecosystem Affect religious practice largely on the nature of the constituent motifs and colors used in the product and then comes the environmental heritage and historical social custom then, according to the sequence Possible to employ the product's environmental products developed using modern raw material after treatment with the same permanence to enable some to gain employment or visual appearance of materials in the products of materials in the products of modern environmental.
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Nguyen, Tu Hoang, Jiawei Luo, and Humphrey Waita Njogu. "An efficient approach to reduce alerts generated by multiple IDS products." International Journal of Network Management 24, no. 3 (March 21, 2014): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nem.1857.

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Olaifa, J. I., and A. O. Adenuga. "Neem Products for Protecting Field Cassava From Grasshopper Damage." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 9, no. 02 (April 1988): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006111.

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Gahukar, R. T. "Use of neem products/pesticides in cotton pest management." International Journal of Pest Management 46, no. 2 (January 2000): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096708700227516.

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Crommelin, Daan J. A., Jon S. B. de Vlieger, Vera Weinstein, Stefan Mühlebach, Vinod P. Shah, and Huub Schellekens. "Different Pharmaceutical Products Need Similar Terminology." AAPS Journal 16, no. 1 (September 25, 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-013-9532-0.

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Mirza, Javed Iqbal, Shazia Hameed ., Iftikhar Ahmad ., Najma Ayub ., and R. H. C. Strang . "In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Neem Products Against Phytophthora Infestans." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 5 (April 15, 2000): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.824.828.

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Veitch, Gemma E., Andrea Pinto, Alistair Boyer, Edith Beckmann, James C. Anderson, and Steven V. Ley. "Synthesis of Natural Products from the Indian Neem TreeAzadirachta indica." Organic Letters 10, no. 4 (February 2008): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol7027898.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Lesueur, Fabrice. "Élaboration de formulations à base d'extraits de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) pour la protection de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) contre le Myzus persicae, un puceron colonisateur et vecteur de virus circulants et non circulants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23665/23665.pdf.

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Harding, Sarah Louise. "Azadirachtin : towards a second generation synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610111.

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Javed, Nazir. "The use of neem (Azadirachta indica) products to control root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and their possible use in an integrated control programme." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270221.

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Karkare, Swagata. "Direct inhibition of Retinoblastoma phosphorylation by Nimbolide causes cell cycle arrest and suppresses Glioblastoma growth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613326.

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Comet, Maxime. "Excitation du 201 Hg dans les plasmas produits par laser." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0458/document.

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L'utilisation des lasers de puissance permet l'étude des propriétés de la matière dans des conditions extrêmes de température et de densité. En effet, l'interaction d'un laser de puissance sur une cible créée un plasma dont la température est suffisamment grande pour atteindre des degrés d'ionisation élevés. Ces conditions peuvent permettre, via divers processus, d'exciter le noyau dans un état nucléaire et notamment dans un état isomère. Un noyau d'intérêt pour étudier ces phénomènes est le 201 Hg. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du dimensionnement d'une expérience visant la mise en évidence de l'excitation du 201 Hg dans un plasma laser.La première partie de ce manuscrit présente la détermination des taux d'excitation nucléaire dans les plasmas. Depuis une dizaine d'années les taux d'excitation sont déterminés en utilisant le modèle de l'atome moyen. Afin de valider ce modèle, un code, appelé ADAM (Au-Delà de l'Atome Moyen), a été développé afin de calculer le taux d'excitation nucléaire en DCA (Detailed Conguration Accounting). Il nous permettra d'en déduire un domaine thermodynamique en température et densité où les taux d'excitation déterminés avec le modèle de l'atome moyen sont pertinents.La deuxième partie présente le couplage des taux d'excitation nucléaire avec un code hydrodynamique afin d'en déduire, pour différentes intensités laser, le nombre de noyaux qu'il serait possible d'exciter par tir laser. Enfin, dans une dernière partie,les premières approches expérimentales qui serviront au dimensionnement d'une expérience sur une installation laser sont présentées. Ces approches sont basées sur la détection et la détermination de la quantité d'ions multichargés obtenue loin de la cible (~80 cm). Pour cela, un déviateur électrostatique a été utilisé
The use of high power lasers allows the study of the properties of matter in extremeconditions of temperature and density. Indeed, the interaction of a power laser and atarget creates a plasma in which the temperature is high enough to reach important degrees of ionization. These conditions can allow the excitation of the nucleus. Anucleus of interest to study the processes of nuclear excitation is the 201 Hg. Thiswork aims to design an experiment where the 201 Hg excitation will be observed in aplasma produced by a high power laser. The first part of this manuscript presents the calculation of the expected nuclear excitation rates in the plasma. For about ten years, nuclear excitation rates have been calculated using the average atom model. To validate this model a code named ADAM (french acronym for Beyond The Average Atom Model) was developed to calculate the nuclear excitation rates under the DCA (Detailed Configuration Accounting) hypothesis. ADAM allows us to deduce the thermo dynamical domain where the nuclear excitation rates determined with the average atom model are relevant. The second part of this manuscript presents the coupling of the excitation rate calculation with a hydrodynamic code to calculate the number of excited nuclei produced in one laser shot for different laser intensity. Finally, in the last part, first experimental approaches which will be used to design an experiment on a laser installation are presented. These approaches are based on the detection and determination of the amount of multicharged ions obtained far from the target (~80 cm). For this purpose, an electrostatic analyzer was used
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Arnould, Christine. "Pour une meilleure prise en compte de l'ergonomie et du design dans les processus de développement de produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL106N.

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Aujourd’hui, il existe beaucoup de méthodes de conception. Ces méthodes sont largement utilisées et permettent une meilleure corrélation besoin/client et prix/qualité. Elles permettent l'intégration des quatre dimensions fondamentales de l'entreprise: la technosphère, la géosphère, la biosphère et la sociosphère. Pour mieux répondre aux besoins de l'utilisateur, les concepteurs font de plus en plus appel au design, à l'ergonomie et à la sécurité. Toutefois, ces données ne sont que rarement prises en compte assez tôt dans le processus de conception. Ceci engendre malheureusement des coûts et des délais supplémentaires. Notre recherche consiste à proposer une démarche efficace d'intégration de ces critères dans les processus de conception. Une première application industrielle nous a permis de dresser un premier tableau comparatif des méthodes de conception comme le Q. F. D. , l'AMDEC… D'autres cas d'application devront permettre de valider et compléter ce tableau comparatif. Ce travail a été mené en partenariat avec l'ENSGSI, une PME régionale, L'institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) et le Centre Design Est-France
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Thöming, Gunda. "Soil application of neem products in IPM controlling thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in vegetable crops /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979446007.

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Ericson, Åsa. "A need-based approach to product development /." Luleå : Division of Functional Product Development, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2007/68.

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Bittencourt, Alexandre Muzy. "O cultivo do nim indiano (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/10304.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a rentabilidade econômica do cultivo de nim indiano e caracterizar sua cadeia produtiva em duas importantes regiões produtoras, oeste do estado da Bahia (Região de Barreiras) e noroeste do estado de São Paulo (Região de Catanduva). Os índices técnicos e os custos inerentes ao cultivo referem-se a plantios explorados em solos de boa produtividade e bem manejados, bem como informações referentes ao mercado (comercialização) foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários junto a produtores locais e empresas que fabricam e comercializam produtos a base de nim. O período de coleta de dados compreendeu os meses de setembro de 2005 e abril de 2006. O sistema de manejo adota um ciclo de 15 anos e representa a intenção dos produtores locais como período para exploração da espécie. Foram analisados três cenários: Cenário 1: Análise considerando o investimento no fator terra no inicio do cultivo; Cenário 2: considerando o arrendamento da terra e o Cenário 3: em que não se considera o fator terra na análise econômica. Utilizaram-se planilhas eletrônicas para analisar os custos, determinar a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) do investimento e bem como para a análise de sensibilidade. A Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) utilizada foi de 12% ao ano. A análise de sensibilidade considerou a variação real dos preços do fruto de nim nos últimos quatro anos e o aumento nos custos totais de produção de 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% e 50%. A produtividade média aos 8 anos considerada para a região noroeste do estado de São Paulo foi de 6.426 kg de frutos/hectare.ano e de 7.140 kg/hectare.ano para a região oeste do estado da Bahia. Em relação à cadeia produtiva do nim, esta se apresenta de maneira bastante simplificada com poucos atores atuando no mercado. A Margem e o "Markup” de comercialização mostraram que a indústria do processamento primário do óleo é a que agrega maior valor ao preço do óleo de nim antes de chegar ao consumidor final. Conclui-se que os plantios analisados nas regiões oeste do estado da Bahia e noroeste do estado de São Paulo, de acordo com o critério de avaliação econômica adotado, foram considerados viáveis do ponto de vista econômico, com TIR variando entre os cenários propostos, de 15,18% a 28,32%. Entretanto, observou-se que os preços reais pagos ao produtor estão em declínio e a margem e markup apresenta-se mal distribuída ao longo da cadeira produtiva, o que pode, a continuar este comportamento, inviabilizar novos investimentos na cultura nos próximos anos
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Tilly, Gaoh Abdouramane. "Potential of selected natural products as repellents against vertebrate pests of crops." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50896.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Monograph on neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss.). Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, 1992.

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Dūbe, Rādhe Kr̥shṇa. Nīma-krānti. 3rd ed. Lakhanaū: Paryāvaraṇa Jñāna Yajña Samiti, 2001.

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Vijayalakshmi, K. Neem, a user's manual. Madras: Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems and Research Foundation for Science, Technology, and Natural Resource Policy, New Delhi, 1995.

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Gahukar, R. T. Neem in plant protection. Nagpur, India: Agri-Horticultural Pub. House, 1995.

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P, Singh R. Neem in human and animal health. Lucknow: ibdc Publishers, 2013.

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Seminar on Building Successful Brands; the Need for an Integrated Approach (1994 Prague, Czech Republic). Seminar on Building Successful Brands; the Need for an Integrated Approach, Prague (Czech Republic) 26th-29th October 1994. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research, 1994.

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Bartl, Harald. Produkthaftung nach neuem EG-Recht: Kommentar zum deutschen Produkthaftungsgesetz. Landsberg/Lech: Moderne Industrie, 1989.

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Morrison, Sylvia. The standard industrial classification: In need of revision? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1990.

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David, Pearson. The natural house catalog: Everything you need to create an environmentally friendly home. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

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Krantz, Les. The buy-it-right business products guide: Ratings, rankings, and everything you need to know about the best products for almost every business need. New York: AMACOM, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Ketkar, A. Y., C. M. Ketkar, M. Jacobson, M. S. Ketkar, and H. Schmutterer. "Various Uses of Neem Products." In The Neem Tree, 518–58. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch6.

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Sharma, Rishu, and Chittaranjan Kole. "Utilization of Neem and Neem Products in Agriculture." In The Neem Genome, 31–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16122-4_4.

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Stark, John D. "Ecotoxicology of Neem." In Crop Protection Products for Organic Agriculture, 275–86. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0947.ch019.

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Hellpap, C., M. Dreyer, K. Ermel, and H. Kleeberg. "Neem Products for Pest Management, Practical Results of Neem Application against Arthropod Pests, and Probability of Development of Resistance: Section 4.1." In The Neem Tree, 367–84. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch4a.

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Völlinger, M. "Neem Products for Pest Management, Practical Results of Neem Application Against Arthropod Pests, and Probability of Development of Resistance: Section 4.3." In The Neem Tree, 477–83. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch4e.

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Hellpap, C., C. P. W. Zebitz, H. Ostermann, and M. Dreyer. "Neem Products for Pest Management, Practical Results of Neem Application against Arthropod Pests, and Probability of Development of Resistance: Sections 4.2 - 4.2.2." In The Neem Tree, 385–411. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch4b.

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Schmutterer, H., R. C. Saxena, J. F. Knauss, and J. F. Walter. "Neem Products for Pest Management, Practical Results of Neem Application Against Arthropod Pests, and Probability of Development of Resistance: Sections 4.2.3 - 4.2.7." In The Neem Tree, 412–45. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch4c.

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Wood, T., W. Ruggero, R. Nelson, B. S. Parmar, V. Mariappan, and S. Jayaraj. "Neem Products for Pest Management, Practical Results of Neem Application against Arthropod Pests, and Probability of Development of Resistance: Sections 4.2.8 - 4.2.10." In The Neem Tree, 445–77. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980.ch4d.

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Pfützner, Katharina. "Designing for appropriate product lifespans." In Designing for Socialist Need, 111–38. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in architecture: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315642833-5.

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Spížek, Jaroslav, and Arnold L. Demain. "The Need for New Antifungal and Antimalarial Compounds." In Natural Products Analysis, 9–23. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118876015.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Kelly, Michael J. "Concurrency in product realization." In Coupling Technology to National Need, edited by Arthur H. Guenther and Louis D. Higgs. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.170613.

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Bulleit, Jr., Tom N., and Charles B. Weaver. "Government transfer of funds to the private sector for medical product development: some governmental impediments to federal technology transfer." In Coupling Technology to National Need, edited by Arthur H. Guenther and Louis D. Higgs. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.170624.

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Coughlin, Michael K., and Michael J. Scott. "An Activity-Based Costing Method to Support Market-Driven Top-Down Product Family Design." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12264.

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As more and more companies offer product families rather than individual products, the competitive advantage of product platforming is shrinking. In order to compete companies need to link marketing and engineering so that designers are able to make decisions about critical trade-offs between cost and performance. The current methods for market-driven platform designs use traditional product costing where indirect costs are assigned to individual products based on relative production quantities. Because of increasing product diversity and decreasing direct labor costs, the ratio of indirect costs to total cost of products is increasing. A method for use during the design stage of top-down product family design is needed to assign indirect costs to individual products based on the product’s consumption of indirect resources. An activity-based costing method for top-down product family design is presented here. This method allows the designer to model indirect costs as a function of engineering attributes, creating a framework for top-down product platform optimization that provides a more accurate estimation of cost than traditional product costing methods. An illustrative example shows that an activity-based costing model predicts different profitability from a traditional costing system for a number of different motor designs.
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Kumar, Rupesh, and Venkat Allada. "Customer Need Driven Function-Behavior Platform Formation." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85336.

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Product platform formation has long been considered as an effective method to meet challenges set forth by mass customization. To cater to the changes in customer need driven functional requirements and technological advancements, product platforms have to be robust for a given planning horizon from the manufacturer’s point of view. To date, most of the product platform research is directed towards developing approaches that maximize the usage of common physical structures (such as sub-assemblies and components), amongst product variants. We argue that there is a need to start thinking about platforms at a higher level of abstraction than just at the physical structure level because after all, the physical structures are the end result of the mapping process that starts with the customer needs, cascades to the functional requirements and the behaviors (aka working principle/behavior) that will be used to realize the functions. The Function-Behavior-Structure approach discussed by Gero and Kannengiesser (2003) deals with such an approach. In this paper, we present a methodology called the Function-Behavior Ant Colony Optimization (FB-ACO), to determine a higher abstract level platform at the FB level. The proposed approach can be used to provide critical decisions related to the planning of the advent and egress of a product or the use of a behavior, configuration of the function-behavior platform and the number of such platforms to be considered at a particular time. The FB platform can then be used to develop the detailed design for the family of products under consideration. We demonstrate our proposed approach using the example of a computer mouse product family.
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Berkovich, Marina, Jan Marco Leimeister, and Helmut Krcmar. "Suitability of Product Development Methods for Hybrid Products as Bundles of Classic Products, Software and Service Elements." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86939.

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The requirements engineering of hybrid products is an important field that still has a paucity of investigation to date. This paper analyzes the suitability of product development methods for the requirements engineering (RE) of hybrid products. The strengths and shortcomings of these methods regarding hybrid products are stated and fields of improvement are derived. To successfully differentiate from competitors, classic products are no longer sufficient. Therefore, many companies offer holistic solutions to customers’ problems. These solutions consist of bundles of classic products, software and services called hybrid products or product service systems (PSS). Hybrid products are characterized by a high number of components that are developed by different disciplines, by a high degree of technological integration and by a high degree of customer-integration. Due to their unique characteristics, hybrid products need holistic handling. Especially interesting is the specification and handling of the requirements for hybrid products called requirements engineering. This phase of the development process is very important for the later success of the product. The characteristics of hybrid products were thoroughly analyzed, and requirements of the RE for hybrid products were derived. A structured literature review was carried out to find the state-of-the-art of RE in product development including common textbooks and publications on respected conferences and journals in product engineering. In total, 15 textbooks, 79 journal articles and 137 articles of conference proceedings were analyzed. This provided the state-of-the-art of RE indicating the approaches used. An important aspect of the research was the matching of these approaches to the requirements defined earlier. This resulted in a list of 13 fields of RE presenting the strengths and shortcomings of the approaches in detail from which two major fields of improvement could be derived, those which need to be addressed in practice. The results show that RE for hybrid products has special needs, particularly in interdisciplinary cooperation and customer integration. The methods for RE in product development are well elaborated upon, but need to be adapted to hybrid products. There is a need for further analysis and integration of RE into the overall development process of hybrid products, as well as further development of hybrid products in practice.
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Hayes, C. C., and A. Pande. "What Skills Will Future Engineering Graduates Need in Global Organizations?" In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35836.

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The globalization of the marketplace is rapidly transforming business organizations, the nature of the products they sell, product design teams, and the skills and knowledge required to operate effectively in this environment. These changes include global distribution of talent within international organizations, an increasing reliance on virtual collaboration in design teams, greater need to make usable products, and the rise of new markets in emerging economies which have very different needs from tradition markets. This paper discusses the additional knowledge and skills engineers will need to succeed in global organizations, how these skills may be introduced into curricula, and challenges in making these changes. While change is difficult, educational organizations that can do so rapidly will become leaders in future engineering education.
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Olaru, Sabina, and Ionela Badea. "Circular product design assessment applied to clothing products." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.15.

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One of the major Strategic Innovation Theme and corresponding Research Priority for the next years is Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency, according to Euratex. Recently, the European Commission launched the new "Industrial Strategy for a globally competitive, green and digital Europe", that will help deliver on three key priorities: maintaining European industry's global competitiveness and a level playing field, at home and globally, making Europe climate-neutral by 2050 and shaping Europe's digital future. In this context, innovation and market potential of the European textile and clothing industry involve the frequent use of the terms “Circular Economy”. Forward, the sector will operate according to a globalised and efficient circular economic model which maximises the use of local resources, exploits advanced manufacturing techniques and engages in cross-sectorial collaborations and strategic clusters. Although the benefits of the circular economy are fairly well understood, in reality there are few industrial examples of companies that have implemented a circular economy paradigm. Circular product design provides long-term sustainability performance for products, by applying the principle of "designing out waste". This paper presents the application of circular product design assessment for clothing, by using two practical tools to assess products' circularity: HotSpot Mapping and Circularity Calculator (developed by Delft University of Technology, Netherlands). Generally, clothing products need major redesign to fit the circular economy, so it is essential to assess the potential of the various circular strategies such as Reuse, Repair, Remanufacture and Recycle.
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Thenent, Nils E., Ettore Settanni, and Linda B. Newnes. "Know What You Need to Know: The Role of Technological Knowledge in Product Service Systems." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82791.

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An emerging trend in defence and aerospace is the move from manufacturing and selling products to providing the availability of a product-related function based on long term contractual agreements between the customer and the service provider. Therefore the concern of the manufacturer as a service provider shifts towards all means that are required to ensure the availability of the product related function. This ultimately imposes the adoption of a broader perspective on a complex system of interconnected and interdependent activities undertaken by a diverse network of stakeholders for the achievement of a common purpose. Nonetheless, a consistent and comprehensive way to represent such complex systems is not yet agreed upon in the literature. For the purpose of estimating the costs of a Product Service System (PSS) delivery, a consistent and common representation of products and services is a necessary precondition. The focus of this paper is to contribute to the debate by proposing the use of knowledge as the underlying foundation for representing products, services and PSS. Building upon inter-disciplinary literature, differing concepts of PSS are discussed, in order to identify recurring aspects and commonalities between product and service. While it could be recognised that technology represents such a common element, it is also recognised that differing definitions of technology do not facilitate the discussion about product, service, and PSS. Instead, evidence is found for the argument that applied knowledge can be seen as the underlying foundation for products, service and PSS. In this sense, knowledge is not considered as a single asset, but rather a composition of different kinds of knowledge. The authors propose the application of knowledge to a process-based approach, which facilitates the representation of products and services by overcoming their distinction in a consistent way. While the composition of knowledge related to each process is a necessary precondition to enable the successful delivery of a PSS, it furthermore requires knowledge about integration of all process inputs, outputs and the processes’ dynamics within a given environment. Herewith the focus shifts to the preconditions that enable the successful delivery of a PSS, such as available set of skills and underlying process understanding. Discussing the role knowledge plays in current cost estimation methods it is found that — despite its importance — knowledge is not always clearly defined, and very often it is reduced to repository-based data retrieval systems. The proposed knowledge-based process-orientated approach aims to facilitate investigating products, services, PSS, and the underlying production and delivery systems by representing them in a transparent and consistent way. While this is generally not bound to a particular type of analysis, the motivation originates from estimating the costs of a PSS delivery.
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Jagabathula, Srikanth, Nina Mishra, and Sreenivas Gollapudi. "Shopping for products you don't know you need." In the fourth ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1935826.1935921.

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Coulter, Stewart, and Bert Bras. "Decision Support for Systematic Product Evolution." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8747.

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Abstract Many companies are trying to reduce the environmental impacts of their products. Simultaneously, designers are forced to achieve the same, or more stringent, design constraints in less time, balancing the need to get a product out the door with the desire to improve the product’s performance. It is our contention that a systematic approach to designing a product over several revisions, creating a systematic, evolution of a given product, will facilitate achievement of environmental goals within the constraints of the design process for this product. In this paper, we outline a method, and associated decision support for developing such a systematic multi-iterational design strategy. The approach is illustrated with a design of an automotive center console for reduced environmental impact while minimizing the cumulative amount of resources spent over multiple product iterations.
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Reports on the topic "Produits du neem"

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Esparza, V., and C. Casey. Product assurance planning in an environment of increased need for accountability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134673.

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Esparza, V., and C. Casey. Product assurance planning in an environment of increased need for accountability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5718563.

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Song, So Young, and Youn-Kyung Kim. Green Apparel Advertising: Does It Need to Move toward a Product-led Approach? Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1326.

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Cihlar, J., B. Guindon, J. Beaubien, R. Latifovic, D. Peddle, M. Wulder, R. Fernandes, and J. Kerr. From need to product: a methodology for completing a land cover map of Canada with Landsat data. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219563.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Rycroft, Taylor, Kerry Hamilton, Charles Haas, and Igor Linkov. A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41331.

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The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.
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Ji, Yi, Bob McCullouch, and Zhi Zhou. Evaluation of Anti-Icing/De-Icing Products Under Controlled Environmental Conditions. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317253.

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Snow and ice removal are important tasks during the winter season and large amounts of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals are used and there is a critical need to review and synthesize information from the literature to compare and contrast anti-icing and de-icing chemicals to understand their environmental impact and support decision making. The effectiveness, costs, and environmental impact of commonly used and alternative anti-icing and de-icing chemicals were reviewed in this study. Application of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals may increase ion concentrations in soils and change nitrogen cycle, soil pH, and trace metal concentrations, affect surface water and groundwater, and increase public health risks. Life cycle assessment was conducted to quantitively evaluate environmental impact of selected anti-icing and de-icing chemicals. A decision support tool on environmental impact was developed to evaluate environmental impact of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals in ten different environmental impact categories. The results showed the environmental life cycle assessment tool developed in this study can be used to compare multiple environment impacts to support decision making for winter operation chemicals.
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Morrison, Laura, Anushah Hossain, Myles Elledge, Brian Stoner, and Jeffrey Piascik. User-Centered Guidance for Engineering and Design of Decentralized Sanitation Technologies. RTI Press, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.rb.0017.1806.

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Technological innovations in sanitation are poised to address the great need for sanitation improvements in low-income countries. Worldwide, more than 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation facilities. Innovative waste treatment and sanitation technologies aim to incorporate user-centered findings into technology engineering and design. Without a focus on users, even the most innovative technology solutions can encounter significant barriers to adoption. Drawing on a household survey conducted in urban slum communities of Ahmedabad, India, this research brief identifies toilet and sanitation preferences, amenities, and attributes that might promote adoption of improved sanitation technologies among potential user populations. This work uses supplemental insights gained from focus groups and findings from the literature. Based on our research, we offer specific guidance for engineering and design of sanitation products and technologies.
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Liu, Cheng-Hsin, Ha L. Nguyen, and Omar M. Yaghi. Reticular Chemistry and Harvesting Water from Desert Air. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00007.

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Although chemists, in general, are concerned with the art and science of constructing molecules and understanding their behavior, for a long time the idea that such molecules can be linked together by strong bonds to make infinite, extended structures were fraught with failure. The notion of using molecular building blocks to make such structures invariably led to chaotic, ill-defined materials and therefore not only defying the chemists’ need to exert their will on the design of matter but also preventing them from deciphering the atomic arrangement of such products. The field remained undeveloped for most of the twentieth century, and it was taken as an article of faith that linking molecules by strong bonds to make extended structures is a “waste of time” because “it doesn’t work.”
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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