Dissertations / Theses: 'Produits du neem'

1

Lesueur, Fabrice. "Élaboration de formulations à base d'extraits de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) pour la protection de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) contre le Myzus persicae, un puceron colonisateur et vecteur de virus circulants et non circulants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23665/23665.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Harding, Sarah Louise. "Azadirachtin : towards a second generation synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610111.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Javed, Nazir. "The use of neem (Azadirachta indica) products to control root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and their possible use in an integrated control programme." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270221.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Karkare, Swagata. "Direct inhibition of Retinoblastoma phosphorylation by Nimbolide causes cell cycle arrest and suppresses Glioblastoma growth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613326.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Comet, Maxime. "Excitation du 201 Hg dans les plasmas produits par laser." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0458/document.

Full text

Abstract:

L'utilisation des lasers de puissance permet l'étude des propriétés de la matière dans des conditions extrêmes de température et de densité. En effet, l'interaction d'un laser de puissance sur une cible créée un plasma dont la température est suffisamment grande pour atteindre des degrés d'ionisation élevés. Ces conditions peuvent permettre, via divers processus, d'exciter le noyau dans un état nucléaire et notamment dans un état isomère. Un noyau d'intérêt pour étudier ces phénomènes est le 201 Hg. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du dimensionnement d'une expérience visant la mise en évidence de l'excitation du 201 Hg dans un plasma laser.La première partie de ce manuscrit présente la détermination des taux d'excitation nucléaire dans les plasmas. Depuis une dizaine d'années les taux d'excitation sont déterminés en utilisant le modèle de l'atome moyen. Afin de valider ce modèle, un code, appelé ADAM (Au-Delà de l'Atome Moyen), a été développé afin de calculer le taux d'excitation nucléaire en DCA (Detailed Conguration Accounting). Il nous permettra d'en déduire un domaine thermodynamique en température et densité où les taux d'excitation déterminés avec le modèle de l'atome moyen sont pertinents.La deuxième partie présente le couplage des taux d'excitation nucléaire avec un code hydrodynamique afin d'en déduire, pour différentes intensités laser, le nombre de noyaux qu'il serait possible d'exciter par tir laser. Enfin, dans une dernière partie,les premières approches expérimentales qui serviront au dimensionnement d'une expérience sur une installation laser sont présentées. Ces approches sont basées sur la détection et la détermination de la quantité d'ions multichargés obtenue loin de la cible (~80 cm). Pour cela, un déviateur électrostatique a été utilisé
The use of high power lasers allows the study of the properties of matter in extremeconditions of temperature and density. Indeed, the interaction of a power laser and atarget creates a plasma in which the temperature is high enough to reach important degrees of ionization. These conditions can allow the excitation of the nucleus. Anucleus of interest to study the processes of nuclear excitation is the 201 Hg. Thiswork aims to design an experiment where the 201 Hg excitation will be observed in aplasma produced by a high power laser. The first part of this manuscript presents the calculation of the expected nuclear excitation rates in the plasma. For about ten years, nuclear excitation rates have been calculated using the average atom model. To validate this model a code named ADAM (french acronym for Beyond The Average Atom Model) was developed to calculate the nuclear excitation rates under the DCA (Detailed Configuration Accounting) hypothesis. ADAM allows us to deduce the thermo dynamical domain where the nuclear excitation rates determined with the average atom model are relevant. The second part of this manuscript presents the coupling of the excitation rate calculation with a hydrodynamic code to calculate the number of excited nuclei produced in one laser shot for different laser intensity. Finally, in the last part, first experimental approaches which will be used to design an experiment on a laser installation are presented. These approaches are based on the detection and determination of the amount of multicharged ions obtained far from the target (~80 cm). For this purpose, an electrostatic analyzer was used

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Arnould, Christine. "Pour une meilleure prise en compte de l'ergonomie et du design dans les processus de développement de produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL106N.

Full text

Abstract:

Aujourd’hui, il existe beaucoup de méthodes de conception. Ces méthodes sont largement utilisées et permettent une meilleure corrélation besoin/client et prix/qualité. Elles permettent l'intégration des quatre dimensions fondamentales de l'entreprise: la technosphère, la géosphère, la biosphère et la sociosphère. Pour mieux répondre aux besoins de l'utilisateur, les concepteurs font de plus en plus appel au design, à l'ergonomie et à la sécurité. Toutefois, ces données ne sont que rarement prises en compte assez tôt dans le processus de conception. Ceci engendre malheureusement des coûts et des délais supplémentaires. Notre recherche consiste à proposer une démarche efficace d'intégration de ces critères dans les processus de conception. Une première application industrielle nous a permis de dresser un premier tableau comparatif des méthodes de conception comme le Q. F. D. , l'AMDEC… D'autres cas d'application devront permettre de valider et compléter ce tableau comparatif. Ce travail a été mené en partenariat avec l'ENSGSI, une PME régionale, L'institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) et le Centre Design Est-France

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Thöming, Gunda. "Soil application of neem products in IPM controlling thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in vegetable crops /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979446007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ericson, Åsa. "A need-based approach to product development /." Luleå : Division of Functional Product Development, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2007/68.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Bittencourt, Alexandre Muzy. "O cultivo do nim indiano (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/10304.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a rentabilidade econômica do cultivo de nim indiano e caracterizar sua cadeia produtiva em duas importantes regiões produtoras, oeste do estado da Bahia (Região de Barreiras) e noroeste do estado de São Paulo (Região de Catanduva). Os índices técnicos e os custos inerentes ao cultivo referem-se a plantios explorados em solos de boa produtividade e bem manejados, bem como informações referentes ao mercado (comercialização) foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários junto a produtores locais e empresas que fabricam e comercializam produtos a base de nim. O período de coleta de dados compreendeu os meses de setembro de 2005 e abril de 2006. O sistema de manejo adota um ciclo de 15 anos e representa a intenção dos produtores locais como período para exploração da espécie. Foram analisados três cenários: Cenário 1: Análise considerando o investimento no fator terra no inicio do cultivo; Cenário 2: considerando o arrendamento da terra e o Cenário 3: em que não se considera o fator terra na análise econômica. Utilizaram-se planilhas eletrônicas para analisar os custos, determinar a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) do investimento e bem como para a análise de sensibilidade. A Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) utilizada foi de 12% ao ano. A análise de sensibilidade considerou a variação real dos preços do fruto de nim nos últimos quatro anos e o aumento nos custos totais de produção de 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% e 50%. A produtividade média aos 8 anos considerada para a região noroeste do estado de São Paulo foi de 6.426 kg de frutos/hectare.ano e de 7.140 kg/hectare.ano para a região oeste do estado da Bahia. Em relação à cadeia produtiva do nim, esta se apresenta de maneira bastante simplificada com poucos atores atuando no mercado. A Margem e o "Markup” de comercialização mostraram que a indústria do processamento primário do óleo é a que agrega maior valor ao preço do óleo de nim antes de chegar ao consumidor final. Conclui-se que os plantios analisados nas regiões oeste do estado da Bahia e noroeste do estado de São Paulo, de acordo com o critério de avaliação econômica adotado, foram considerados viáveis do ponto de vista econômico, com TIR variando entre os cenários propostos, de 15,18% a 28,32%. Entretanto, observou-se que os preços reais pagos ao produtor estão em declínio e a margem e markup apresenta-se mal distribuída ao longo da cadeira produtiva, o que pode, a continuar este comportamento, inviabilizar novos investimentos na cultura nos próximos anos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tilly, Gaoh Abdouramane. "Potential of selected natural products as repellents against vertebrate pests of crops." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50896.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Barringer, Michelle L. K. "An analysis of the need for product development training in cultural craft micro-enterprise projects." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/M_Barringer_070808.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Tonin, Fernando Gustavo. "Análise de flavanóides por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar - otimização de separação e aplicações tecnológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-18052016-154514/.

Full text

Abstract:

No presente trabalho foram estudadas as separações de 18 flavonóides (9 agliconas e 9 glicosídeos) pelas técnicas de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência em fase reversa (RP-HPLC) e Cromatografia Micelar Eletrocinética em fluxo reverso (RF-Meck). Em ambas as técnicas foram avaliados solventes puros (metanol, acetonitrila e tetrahidrofurano) e suas misturas como formas de promover a variação de seletividade, através da modificação da fase móvel em HPLC, e da natureza do aditivo orgânico em RF-Meck. Nos estudos efetuados em HPLC utilizando-se gradiente, pode-se comprovar a possibilidade da modelagem do fator de retenção em funçã da proporção de solvente utilizados (MeOH, ACN, THF e suas misturas). Pode-se ainda, com base nos dados de retenção e na análise hierárquica de c1usters, diferenciar quatro diferentes grupos de sistemas cromatográficos com diferentes seletividades para flavonóides agliconas, e outros quatro com diferentes seletividades para glicosídeos. Os sistemas cromatográficos mais ortogonais (cada um pertencente a um grupo de seletividade) foram aplicados na separação de uma planta modelo (Azadirachta indica), de onde pode-se escolher a fase móvel mais seletiva para se otimizar a separação dos flavonóides glicosilados presentes nas folhas desta planta. No método final otimizado pode-se identificar e quantificar cinco dos flavonóides majoritários presentes, sendo três glicosídeos de quercetina (rutina, isoquercitrina e quercitrina) e dois glicosídeos de kaempferol (astragalin e nicotiflorin), em amostras de duas diferentes procedências (Piracicaba-SP e Silvânia-GO). Nos estudos envolvendo a separação dos dezoito flavonóides por RFMEKC pode-se comprovar diferenças significativas de seletividade quando se varia a natureza do solvente orgânico utilizado como aditivo, além de se observar tendências na migração em função das propriedades do solvente adicionado e da estrutura molecular do flavonóide. O solvente de menor eficiência para separação dos flavonóides foi o MeOH. Através da análise dos eletroferogramas obtidos através de um planejamento experimental de misturas, e das trocas de pares críticos observadas nos vários eletrólitos utilizados, obteve-se um método de separação com apenas um par crítico em menos de 12 minutos de corrida. O coeficiente de variação obtido para o fator de retenção foi de 1,5% e para área de 3%, considerando-se cinco injeções. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado com sucesso na identificação dos flavonóides majoritários presentes na planta modelo (Neem), obtendo-se o mesmo resultado do estudo anterior. Como forma de avaliar a concentração de flavonóides totais presentes em espécies vegetais é comum a análise de extratos após hidrólise ácida (conversão de todos glicosídeos em agliconas). Desta forma otimizou-se uma metodologia de separação em RP-HPLC de 8 flavonóides agliconas comumente presentes em alimentos e extratos vegetais de uso cosmético. A otimização foi efetuada mediante um planejamento experimental de misturas, para escolha da fase móvel mais seletiva, e de um planejamento fatorial composto central, para otimização das condições de gradiente. O método obtido foi o mais rápido já visto dentro da literatura consultada. A separação em linha de base foi efetuada em menos de 15 minutos, com coeficientes de variação de área entre 0,1 e 1,8%, coeficiente de correlação de 0,9993 a 0,9994 na faixa de 5 a 100 µg/mL, e limites de quantificação estimados na faixa de 0,1 a 0,21µg/mL. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado na otimização das condições de hidrólise de um extrato de Neem. A otimização foi efetuada através de metodologia de superfície de resposta, levando-se em consideração a concentração de ácido adicionada, o tempo de reação, a temperatura, e a concentração de um antioxidante (ácido ascórbico) adicionado. O resultado da otimização foi uma metodologia de hidrólise com tempo de reação igual a 5 minutos, utilizando-se 1,4 mol/L de HCI, 119°C e 500 µg/mL de ácido ascórbico. Através das metodologias de análise e de hidrólise desenvolvidas pode-se constatar a presença e quantificar no extrato de Neem os flavonóides agliconas quercetina, kaempferol e miricetina. Com o objetivo de se avaliar quais os componentes presentes em extratos vegetais são os responsáveis pelo poder antioxidante atribuído a determinadas plantas, foi montado um sistema de avaliação de poder antioxidante \"on-line\" com reação pós-coluna em HPLC (baseado na literatura) utilizando-se como \"radical livre modelo\" o ABTS. A análise da planta modelo (Neem) neste sistema mostrou que os flavonóides glicosilados identificados nas partes anteriores deste trabalho são os responsáveis pelo poder antioxidante atribuído a esta planta. De posse desta informação, e visando a obtenção de extratos para aplicações cosméticas com poder antioxidante, modelou-se a extração dos flavonóide do Neem em função da composição do solvente extrator (água, etanol , propilenoglicol e suas misturas), de acordo com um planejamento simplex centróide ampliado. Além da previsão da concentração dos princípios ativos pode-se ainda prever outras propriedades dos extratos obtidos, tais como, índice de refração e densidade, muitas vezes constituintes de especificações técnicas de acordo com as aplicações a que se destinam (cremes, xampús, etc).
At this work, separation of 18 flavonoids (9 aglycones and 9 glycosides) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Reduced Flow Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (RF-MEKC) were evaluated. For both techniques, pure solvents (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) e their mixtures were evaluated as an approach of varying selectivity by changing mobile phase in HPLC and organic additive type in RF-MEKC. For HPLC studies using gradient elution, it was possible to guarantee the modeling for retention factor in function of organic solvent used (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran and theirs mixtures). It can be also confirmed, based on retention data and hierarquical clusters analysis, four different chromatographic groups with different selectivity for flavonoid aglycone, and four groups with different selectivity for glycosides. More orthogonal chromatographic systems (each one belonging to a selectivity group) were applied to Neem (Azadirachta Indica) analysis. From this study, it can be chosen the most selective mobile phase composition and optimize flavonoid glycosides separation present at Neem leaves. Applying optimized method, five major flavonoids can be identified and quantified, three quercetin glycosides (rutin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin) and two kaempferol glycosides (astragalin and nicotiflorin), at two samples from different origins (Piracicaba-SP and Silvânia-GO). For studies regarding eighteen flavonoids separation by RF-MEKC can be proved significant selectivity differences when distinct organic solvent are used as additive. Moreover, it can be noted tendencies in migration behaviour depending of solvent used and molecular structure of flavonoids. The solvent with less efficiency to f/avonoid separation is methanol. Analyzing electropherograms obtained by a design of mixtures and by criticai pairs changes observed in diverse electro/ytes, a separation method with only one criticai pair and 12 minutes run was obtained. Coefficient of variation obtained for retention factor was 1.5% and 3% for area (n=5). Developed method was applied to identify major flavonoids at model plant (Neem) and same results observed at previous work were obtained. In order to evaluate total flavonoid concentration present in a plant is a common approach to analyse extracts after acid hydrolyze (convert ali glycosides to aglycones). A method was optimized to separate 8 flavonoid aglicones by RPHPLC usually present in food and vegetal extracts to cosmetic use. Optimization was performed by a mixture factorial design to select the most selective mobile phase composition and one facto ria I design with central point to optimize gradient parameters. Developed methodology is the faster reported in literature until now. Baseline separation was achieved in less than 15 minutes, with coefficients of variation between 0.1 and 1.8%, correlation coefficient from 0,9993 to 0,9994 at 5-100 µg/mL concentration range and quantification limits from 0.1 to 0.21 µg/mL. Developed method was used to optimize hydrolize parameters for a Neem extract. Optimization was realized by a response surface methodology, having concentration of acid added, reaction time, temperature and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) concentration added as parameters. From this study was developed a hydrolyze methodology with 5 minutes of reaction time, using 1.4 mol/L HCI, 119°C and 500 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. Applying method of analysis and hydrolyze developed at Neem extracts it can be identified and quantified aglicones quercetin, kaempferol and miricetin. Aiming to evaluate which compounds in a vegetal extract have antioxidant activity credited to some plants, an on-line system with post-column reaction was built in HPLC (based on literature), using ABTS as free radical mode!. Neem analysis at this system showed that flavonoid glycosides identified before are the responsible for antioxidant activity described for this plant. Based on this information and intending to obtain vegetal extracts with antioxidant activity for cosmetic use, Neem extraction procedure was modeled in function of solvent mixture used (water, ethanol, propylene glycol and their mixtures), following a simplex centroid designo Besides the concentration of active components prediction it can also be predict other properties like refractive index and density, properties that might be included at technical specifications depending of the intended use (creams, shampoos, etc).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

El-Shafie, Hamadttu Abdel-Farag. "The use of neem products for sustainable management of homopterous key pests on potato and eggplant in the Sudan." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962904511.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gagnon, Diane C. "Neem products for the control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in sweet corn, Zea mays (L.)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7703.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of neem products to control the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in sweet corn was investigated. Three years of field studies were conducted comparing various foliar-spray applications of a neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), azadirachtin (AZA, the active ingredient of neem extracts), and Ambush (a synthetic pyrethroid). The results included: (1) NSKE sprayed prior to artificial infestation of the corn plants provided excellent protection (comparable to Ambush) against borer damage and greatly reduced larval populations. (2) Neem extract formulations from Safer Ltd. were the most effective. (3) The rate of application or number of applications were not determining factors in altering the efficacy of neem products. (4) Exceptional weather conditions (high temperatures, dry conditions) may be detrimental to the efficacy of foliar applied neem products. (5) Some neem treatments were found to increase corn stalk breakage possibly by altering the behavior of the larvae. Laboratory evaluations using no-choice leaf-disk bioassays showed the antifeedant action of AZA and the negligible effect of PBO (piperonyl butoxide) and Citowett (used in field formulations) on the feeding behavior of 3rd instar larvae. Growth and development studies of O. nubilalis fed a diet containing 0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 1000 $\mu$g NSKE g$\sp{-1}$ diet were conducted. 10 $\mu$g NSKE g$\sp{-1}$ diet (50 ng AZA g$\sp{-1}$ diet) fed continuously to the larvae were larvicidal and concentrations as low as 3 $\mu$g NSKE g$\sp{-1}$ diet (16.6 ng AZA g$\sp{-1}$ diet) significantly reduced larval, pupal and adult weights, increased the larval and pupal periods, decreased adult emergence and caused wing deformities. AZA content of the extracts was found to be a critical factor in the IGR (insect growth regulator) effects of NSKE. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Didi, Alaoui Mohamed. "Les effets opposés de la distance psychologique sur les réponses du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques : le rôle modérateur du besoin de justification." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0247.

Full text

Abstract:

La distance psychologique est omniprésente dans l’esprit du consommateur et influence ses attitudes et son comportement envers les produits hédoniques. Cependant, des contradictions sont présentes dans la littérature quant à la direction (positive ou négative) des effets de la distance psychologique sur les réponses du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques. En effet, certaines recherches avancent que l’augmentation de la distance psychologique influence positivement les réponses du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques. Alors que d’autres suggèrent l’effet inverse. L’objectif de cette recherche est de réconcilier ces contradictions en examinant sous quelles conditions la distance peut avoir un effet positif ou négatif. Nous proposons que le degré de proéminence du besoin de justification (non saillant vs saillant) du consommateur au moment où il évalue le produit hédonique modère ses effets et constitue une condition sous laquelle la distance psychologique peut avoir un effet positif ou négatif sur les réponses du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques. Trois expérimentations ont été conduites pour le test de nos hypothèses. Les deux premières suggèrent qu’en condition de besoin de justification non saillant, l’augmentation de la distance psychologique a une influence négative sur les réponses attitudinales et comportementales du consommateur envers les produits hédoniques. La troisième expérimentation, quant à elle, propose qu’en condition de besoin de justification saillant, l’augmentation de la distance psychologique a un effet positif sur la réponse comportementale du consommateur envers le produit hédonique
Psychological distance is pervasive in the consumer’s mind and impacts their attitude and behavior toward hedonic products. However, the literature is inconsistent regarding the direction of the effects of psychological distance on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. In fact, one part of the research suggests that increasing psychological distance positively impacts consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. Whereas another part of the literature proposes the opposite effect. The aim of this research is to reconcile this inconsistency by examining under which conditions psychological distance can have positive or negative effect. We suggest that the degree of prominence of need to justify (non-salient vs salient), which a consumer experiments during the evaluation of hedonic products, moderates the effect of psychological distance and constitutes the condition under which psychological distance can have a positive or a negative impact on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. In order to test our research hypotheses, we carried out three experiments. The first two experiments show that in the condition of a non-salient need to justify, the increase of psychological distance has a negative impact on consumer’s responses toward hedonic products. The third experiment suggests that in the condition of a salient need to justify, the increase of psychological distance has a positive impact on consumer’s response toward hedonic products

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Galvão, Dayane de Cássia. "Estudos fitoquímico e biológico de Pachystroma longifolium (Nees) I. M. Johnst (Euphorbiaceae)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4695.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6795_Dayane de Cássia Galvão.pdf: 47151 bytes, checksum: fbab10062b6f79665fe743c557be39b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29
Este trabalho descreve a investigação fitoquímica e também biológica de extratos provenientes das folhas de Pachystroma longifolium; espécie da família Euphorbiaceae que não apresenta esses estudos previamente publicados. O objetivo foi isolar e identificar metabólitos secundários dessa espécie e, adicionalmente, testar os extratos quanto à inibição de células tumorais e de catepsinas humanas. Substâncias isoladas também foram ensaiadas nesse último teste. Apesar do grande número de medicamentos que são lançados no mercado ao longo dos anos, muitos se tratam apenas de pequenas modificações químicas em moléculas já utilizadas como fármacos. Consequentemente, diversas doenças ainda têm uma terapêutica inefetiva e a necessidade de inovação existe. Os produtos naturais continuam sendo a fonte mais promissora para desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos, devido à complexidade e diversidade das substâncias, e ao grande potencial de uma biodiversidade ainda pouco explorada; visto que muitas espécies de plantas, por exemplo, ainda não foram estudadas, como era o caso de P. longifolium até o presente trabalho. A metodologia cromatográfica levou ao isolamento dos compostos loliolida (1), galato de etila (2), ácido gálico (3) e protocatecuato de metila (4); além da identificação em mistura de α-amirina (5), -amirina (6), lupeol (7) e sitosterol (8). O extrato bruto, hexânico e acetato de etila das folhas foram ensaiados frente às catepsinas K, L e V, enquanto somente o extrato bruto foi testado para inibição de células tumorais. Os resultados mais satisfatórios foram obtidos para inibição de catepsina V, para a qual todos os extratos apresentaram pelo menos 50% de inibição nas concentrações de 500, 250, 125, 50 e 25 μg/mL. Para o ensaio de citotoxicidade, o extrato bruto, na concentração de 1 mg/mL, foi considerado inativo. As quatro substâncias isoladas foram testadas frente às catepsinas K, L e V, contudo não apresentaram resultados positivos.
This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigations of extracts of leaves of Pachystroma longifolium; specie of the Euphorbiaceae family that doesn’t present previously published these studies. The aim was to isolate and identify secondary metabolites of this specie and, farther, to test the extracts for inhibition of tumor cells and human cathepsins. Isolated substances were tested too. Despite the large number of drugs that come on the market over the years, many of them are only small rearrangements in chemical molecules already used as drugs. So, various diseases have still ineffective therapy and the need for innovation exists. Natural products continue to be the most promising source for new drug development, due to the complexity and diversity of substances, and the great potential of an unexplored biodiversity; since many species of plants, for example, have not been studied as the case of P. longifolium to the present work. The chromatographic method led to the isolation of compounds: loliolide (1), ethyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3) and protocatechuate methyl (4). Also α-amyrin (5) -amyrin (6), lupeol (7) and sitosterol (8) were identified in the mixture. The crude, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves were tested against cathepsins K, L and V, while only the crude extract was tested for inhibition of tumor cells. The most satisfactory results were obtained for inhibition of cathepsin V, to which all of the extracts showed at least 50% of inhibition at concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 50 and 25 μg/mL. For the cytotoxicty assay, the crude extract, at concentration of 1 mg/mL, was considered inactive. Four isolated substances were tested against the cathepsins K, L and V, however did not show positive results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mondego, Janaina Marques [UNESP]. "Efeito de produtos a base de óleo de nim em diferentes formulações no controle de Plutella xylostella (L.,1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), em couve." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96946.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mondego_jm_me_jabo.pdf: 8981924 bytes, checksum: 6a8261fa1be13bc5dde4e4f12c8a1504 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses e formulações de óleo de nim, seu poder residual e a decomposição no armazenamento, visando o controle de Plutella xylostella (L.), em couve. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, sob condições controlada de temperatura (25 ± 2°C) umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas). Foram utilizadas diferentes doses e formulações do produto a base de nim. As doses utilizadas para larvas de primeiro instar foram: óleo de nim 5000 nanocápsula (NC) (0,02; 0,05; 0,1 e 0,4 %), óleo de nim 5000 pó solúvel (PS) (0,02; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,4 %), óleo de nim 1000 concentrado emulsionável (CE) (0,02; 0,05; 0,1; 0,4 %), óleo de nim 4000 CE (0,006; 0,01; 0,05 e 0,10%), deltametrina 25 CE (0,005; 0,01; 0,02 e 0,05 %) e água destilada como testemunha. Para larvas de terceiro instar utilizou-se: óleo de nim 5000 NC (0,6; 0,9; 1,2 e 1,5%), óleo de nim 5000 PS (0,5; 0,8; 1,1 e 1,4 %), óleo de nim 1000 CE (0,6; 0,9; 1,2; 1,5%), óleo de nim 4000 CE (0,05; 0,25; 0,05 e 0,10%), deltametrina 25 CE (0,005; 0,01; 0,02 e 0,05%). As doses mais eficientes no controle da P. xylostella em larvas de primeiro instar foram: 0,05; 0,10; 0,02; 0,05; 0,05% e para terceiro instar foram 0,90; 0,80; 0,60; 0,25; e 0,50% respectivamente óleo de nim 5000 NC, óleo de nim 5000 PS, óleo de nim 1000 CE, óleo de nim 4000 CE e deltametrina 25 CE. Após a determinação das doses foram realizados testes para avaliar a estabilidade e o poder residual dos produtos formulados a base de óleo de nim no controle de larvas de primeiro e terceiro instar de P. xylostella, em couve. Para avaliar a estabilidade dos produtos, foram realizados seis experimentos com 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias, após o armazenamento dos produtos. Em cada experimento foram retiradas alíquotas de cada tratamento e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Química...
This work aimed evaluate the different doses and formulations of neem oil, its residual, as well the storing degradation, focusing the Plutella xylostella (L.) control in kale. The experiments were carried out in laboratory, under controlled temperature (25 ± 2°C), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (12 hours) conditions. Different doses and formulations of neem-based product were used. The doses used to first-instar larvae were: neem oil 5000 nanocapsule (NC) (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 %), neem oil 5000 dry powder (PS) (0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.4 %), neem oil 1000 concentrated emulsion (CE) (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 %), neem oil 4000 CE (0.006, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10%), Deltamethrin 25 CE (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 %) and as a control distilled water. To third-instar larvae, the doses were: neem oil 5000 NC (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%), neem oil 5000 PS (0.5, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 %), neem oil 1000 CE (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%), neem oil 4000 CE (0.05, 0.25, 0.05, and 0.10%), and Deltamethrin 25 CE (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05%). The most efficient doses to control first-instar P. xylostella larvae were 0.05, 0.10, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.05% and to third-instar were 0.90, 0.80, 0.60, 0.25, and 0.50% of neem oil 5000 NC, neem oil 5000 PS, neem oil 1000 CE, neem oil 4000 CE, and Deltamethrin 25 CE respectively. After the doses determination, tests were done to evaluate the stability and the residual of the neem oil based products to control P. xylostella first and third instar larvae in kale. To evaluate the products stability, six experiments were done at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after storing. In each experiment aliquant were taken and sent to the Chemical Laboratory of Federal University of São Carlos to quantify the azadirachtin A in them. All products under different formulations were efficient to first and third instar larvae at 7 and 9 days and at 45 days after storing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Farah, Abdiqani Ahmed. "The development of a commercially-available Neem seed kernel extract as a soil-applied systemic granular plant protection product." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1849/.

Full text

Abstract:

Crude extracts of the seed kernels of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are widely used as plant protection products. The active ingredient (a.i.) of these extracts is azadirachtin A (aza A). aza A is a phytochemical (botanical) complex secondary metabolite which, with it is multiple toxic effects on insects, protects the plant against predation. Aza A is present in only low concentration in neem oil, but makes up 20-50% in the NSKEs extracted by polar solvents from the kernels. However, when used as foliar sprays it is rapidly destroyed by sunlight, and might be more effective if it is used systemically. Therefore the aim of the project was to extend previous work and to prepare a pelleted version of the main commercially-available neem-seed kernel extract, NeemAzal®-Technical (NAT) produced by Trifolio GmbH, in preparation for the expected registration of the product in the UK in 2011. It was first necessary to purify a quantity of aza A for quantification of the a.i. pelleted material and in soil and plants in the rest of the project. In achieving high purity (over 98%) aza A, reverse phase chromatographic methods were used, and mass spectrometery was used to confirm purity and identification. A final quantity of 6.2 mg of azadirachtin A was obtained from 4 gm of NAT, a yield of 0.15%. If aza A and the other neem terpenoids are to be used to plant protection, they must have a low phytotoxicity. Effect of NAT on the germination and its ensuing seedling development of two commercially important crops, sugar beet and cabbage was examined. NAT did have an inhibitory effect on seedling growth at 10-3 M aza A. In order to explore the inhibitory affect of aza A, the second part of the chapter was to examine effect of aza A on mitosis of onion root tips. The limonoids in concentration of 10-3 M adversely affected the mitotic activity of onion root tip cells. This could be failure of microtubules polymerisation into microtubules, or some other biochemical effect. From the findings in this part of the project, it can be concluded that only at a concentration of 10-3 M is aza A toxic to plant young seedlings, but in practice this is unlikely to be a significant problem. The first part of Chapter 4 of the project was to lay the foundations for the behaviour of aza A in soil environment in both powder form and in 2 types of granular formulations. The half-life of azadirachtin in soil from this work was found to be 1.6 days which is consistent with the previous reports. This short half-life of aza A may be problematic in use as a PPP. The short persistence might be overcome by formulating neem materials in granules to achieve environmental stability and biological efficacy of application. The granular formulations used in the project showed controlled release characteristics. The release of azadirachtin into the soil water was in fact delayed by encapsulating it in pellets. Systemic uptake of aza A by roots and subsequent presence in the vascular system of plants was assessed. Aza A was transported and was more stable in the leaf areas of cabbage and sugar beet plants than in the soil, as the half-life was found to be 9 days. The concentration of aza A in the leaf-water was less than 10% of the solution bathing the roots. The final part of the project, the application of the pelleted NSKE to protect cabbage, in both glass house and field conditions, demonstrated that neem products in pelleted formulations could be used as effective, systemically applied PPP to control pests of cabbage. In the field tests, the protective effect of the neem extract could be shown over a period of at least 5 weeks after addition of the pellets to the soil. In conclusion, the short soil half-life of the neem a.i., aza A, in PPP could be overcome by a pelleted formulation, the composition of which can delay release of the a.i. The technology allows protection of crops from soil-borne, as well as foliar sucking and biting pest damage by controlled release into the soil to allow uptake into plant vascular system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ben, Rejeb Helmi. "Phases amont de l'innovation : proposition d'une démarche d'analyse de besoin et d'évaluation de l'acceptabilité d'un produit." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL094N/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Aujourd’hui les entreprises doivent pouvoir offrir de nouveaux produits en continu prenant en considération les nouvelles technologies disponibles afin de satisfaire des clients de plus en plus exigeants et diversifiés. Il est donc primordial pour une entreprise de savoir quels sont les besoins des acteurs intéressés par son produit. L’objectif de ce travail de doctorat est de proposer une nouvelle méthode pour analyser le besoin pour aider les entreprises à mieux définir leurs nouveaux produits. La démarche proposée se décline en quatre phases : description de l’environnement et du fonctionnement des acteurs par la technique du RARe (Ressources, Activités, Résultats), détermination des besoins par la réalisation de quatre types d’opérations sur les ressources de l’acteur puis évaluation et classification des besoins selon le modèle de Kano et enfin comparaison de plusieurs concepts de produits. Pour y arriver, un travail de bibliographie sur la notion de besoin a été réalisé. Cette recherche bibliographique nous a permis également de définir le cahier des charges d’une nouvelle méthode d’analyse de besoin. Ceci a justifié le choix de la méthode RARe, basée sur l’observation des activités de l’acteur, pour comprendre et identifier les besoins. Pour les classer, nous avons utilisé le modèle de Kano, qui distingue les différents besoins existants : basiques, de performance, attractifs et neutres. Nous avons mis au point un calcul d’indicateurs à l’aide d’une formulation matricielle permettant de classifier les besoins et de comparer des concepts de produits. Cette méthode constitue donc un outil d’aide à la décision au début du processus de conception
Nowadays, companies must offer new products continuously and take into consideration new available technologies in order to satisfy more and more exigent and diversified customers. Therefore, it is essential for a company to know what are the needs of the stakeholders interested in its product. The objective of this PhD work is to propose a new method to analyze the need in order to improve the new product definition process in a firm. This tool is a part of a methodology for innovative project management and it is useful before the elaboration of the specification of the new product. The proposed method has four phases: description of the stakeholders’ environment by the RARe technique (Resources-Activities- Results), determination of needs by the realization of four types of operations on the stakeholder’s resources then evaluation and classification of needs according to the Kano model and finally comparison of several products concepts. To achieve this method, a bibliographical work on the notion of need was realized. This bibliographical research also allowed us to define the specifications of a new method for need analysis. Hence, the choice of the RARe method was justified because it is based on the observation of the stakeholders’ activities. To classify their needs, we used the model of Kano, which distinguishes various existing needs: basic, one dimensional, attractive and neutral. We worked out a calculation of indicators by means of a matrix formulation allowing to classify needs and to compare concepts of products. This method thus constitutes a decision-making tool at the beginning of the conception process

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sundberg, Emil, and Annie Stenberg. "The information flow between customer and product developer : Communication and identification of customer need in a product development process." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43516.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Martinho, Cláudia Patrícia Mendes. "A influência da marca sobre a perceção de qualidade de um produto." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2572.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Social e das Organizações, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar se os indivíduos têm uma determinada perceção de qualidade dependente da marca ou da qualidade do produto, tendo em conta que a marca serve para identificar e simplificar a sua acessibilidade face à diversidade da oferta, sendo uma garantia que proporciona segurança na escolha pelo nível de qualidade esperado pelo consumidor relativo a um produto (Serra & González, 1998), funcionando como um atalho para a informação sobre o produto (Pedro, 1999). Fez-se uma análise da motivação dos indivíduos para participar neste estudo como influência no processo de escolha entre a marca e a qualidade, uma vez que para Petty, Cacioppo e Goldman (1981, cit. por Petty & Wegener, 1998), os indivíduos são mais influenciados pelos argumentos de uma mensagem quando têm a perceção de que a sua opinião é relevante, sendo menos afetados por processos periféricos. A seguir analisou-se a existência de interações entre a característica de personalidade de necessidade de cognição com as variáveis da marca e da qualidade, tendo em conta que os indivíduos que tenham necessidade de cognição, que gostem de pensar, tendem a formar atitudes com base na qualidade dos argumentos de uma mensagem em vez de utilizar estímulos periféricos (Petty & Cacioppo, 1982, cit. por Petty & Wegener, 1998). Para estas análises, foi aplicado um questionário sobre a qualidade percebida pelo produto apresentado e um questionário da escala “need for cognition” para avaliar a necessidade de cognição dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos não foram os esperados. Apesar de terem sido verificados os efeitos principais das variáveis, não houve interação entre as mesmas, pelo que se apresentam algumas reflexões metodológicas a ter em consideração em estudos futuros.
ABSTRACT: The following essay had as goal to analyze if the individuals have a dependent perception of the quality of the brand or the quality of the product, assuming that the brand is to identify and simplify the accessibility of the supply diversity, it’s an insurance that assures safety in a consumers choice for an expected product quality (Serra & Gonzaléz, 1998), functioning as a shortcut for a product info. An analysis regarding the individual’s motivation was included in this study case as an influence in the selection process between the brand and quality. For Petty, Cacioppo and Goldman (1981, cit. by Petty & Wegener, 1998) each individuals are more influenced by the arguments of a message when they have the perception that their opinion is relevant, being less affected by peripheral processes. After that another analysis was made based in the existent interaction between the characteristic personality and cognition necessity along with the brand and product variables, assuming that each individual have a cognitional necessity, if they like to think they will tend to form attitudes with a base on the quality of a message´s arguments instead of using peripheral stimulation (Petty & Cacioppo, 1982, cit. by Petty & Wegener, 1998). For these analyses a questionnaire was applied about the understanding quality of the shown product and a need for cognition questionnaire to evaluate the cognition needs of the participants. The obtained results weren´t the expected, even by verifying the variables principal effects, there were no interaction between them. Regardless of these results we can keep for future reference some methodological reflections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Brito, Ana Flávia Ramires. "Análise de variação sazonal e das atividades antifúngica e antimicrobiana em óleos essenciais de Ocotea porosa (Nees) Barroso e Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Menz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-29072009-111325/.

Full text

Abstract:

Os óleos essenciais das folhas e galhos de quatro indivíduos de O. porosa e três de N. megapotamica foram avaliados durante doze meses através das técnica CG-EM e CG-DIC. Os compostos majoritários encontrados nos óleos voláteis das folhas de O. porosa foram durante esse período α-pineno, β-pineno, mirceno, nerolidol e espatulenol, enquanto nos galhos predominavam nerolidol, óxido de cariofileno, α-muurolol, β-eudesmol e o espatulenol, apenas em dois dos quatro indivíduos estudados. Em N. megapotamica, foram observadas diferenças quanti e qualitativas entre os indivíduos para os óleos das folhas e apenas quantitativas para os dos galhos. Nas folhas os componentes majoritários foram α-santaleno, trans-α-bergamoteno, β-santaleno, γ-amorfeno, biciclogermacreno e alohimachalol para os indivíduos 1 e 2, enquanto no indivíduo 3 predominavam o δ-elemeno e muurola-4, 10 (14)-dien-1-β-ol. Nos galhos desta espécie os componentes majoritários identificados no indivíduo 1 foram α-santaleno, espatulenol, α-muurolol, e 5 iso cedranol; α-santaleno, guaiol, 5 iso cedranol e α-bisabolol, no indivíduo 2; no indivíduo 3 predomina o α-muurolol. A análise dos componentes ao longo dos meses mostrou que os componentes dos óleos estudados não apresentaram uma variação estatisticamente significativa, a variabilidade entre os indivíduos foi maior que aquela observada com a sazonalidade. Os óleos estudados não apresentam atividade fungitóxica para C. sphaerospermum, C. cladosporioides, A. Níger, C. albicans e também não foram ativos frente às bactérias E. coli e P. aeruginosa, somente frente a S. aureus foi observada atividade antibacteriana.
Essential oils extracted from leaves and stems of four individuals of O. porosa and N. megapotamica were evaluated during a period of 12 months using GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. During this period the major compounds found in the volatile oils of O. porosa leaves were α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, nerolidol, spathulenol, whereas in stems were nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α-muurolol, β-eudesmol and spathulenol, only in two out of the four studied individuals. Among the N. megapotamica specimens qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the leaf oils but only quantitative in the case of stems. In the leaves of individuals 1 and 2 the major compounds were α-santalene, trans-α- bergamotene, β-santalene, &$947;-amorphene, bicyclogermacrene and alo-himachalol, while for individual 3 δ-elemene and muurola-4, 10 (14)-diene-1-β-ol were predominant. In the stems of this species, the major compounds identified were α-santalene, spathulenol, α-muurolol and 5 iso cedranol in the individual 1; α-santalene, guaiol, 5 iso cedranol and α-bisabolol in individual 2; and was the predominant compound α-muurolol in individual 3. The chemical composition of the essential oils, during the analyzed period, did not present a statistically significant variation. Variability among individuals was higher than the one observed with seasonality. The studied oils did not present fungitoxic activity for C. sphaerospermum, C. cladosporioides, A. niger, C. albicans and were also not active against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli e P. aeruginosa. However, both oils presented some activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Waenerlund, Max. "Is there a need for additionalblood products in civilian health care for the therapeutic treatment of acute hemorrhage?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68278.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundNew military experiences of cryopreserved platelets and whole blood for the therapeutic treatment of acute hemorrhagehave led to an extensive academic debate on whether to include these blood products into civilian healthcare, where blood components and room temperature platelets serve as a one-size-fits-all productfor both prophylactic and therapeutic transfusions.PurposeTo evaluate the possible benefit ofother preparation methods of platelets, as well as whole blood, in civilian health care.MethodPlatelet transfusions of two Swedish counties were analyzed, and divided into three groups depending on which department that made the transfusion. One group for hematology and oncology departments/wards, one group for intensive care units(ICU), emergency departments(ED)and acute care wards(AC), and one group for all other departments/wards that made transfusions during the studied period. Each group was then divided into more specific categories.ResultsDepending on the region,7%-20% of all platelet transfusions were made in ICUs,5%-14% were made in surgical wardsand 1%-3% were made in ACs and EDs, and may be platelet transfusions madein conjunction with an active bleeding.44%-72% of all platelet transfusions were made in hematology departments/wards.ConclusionAccordingto this limited study, about 38% of all platelet transfusions in a county with a university hospital and 13% in a county without a university hospital, could benefit from transfusion with activated platelets, instead of those platelets that is today’s routine for prophylactic treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fricke, Christian. "Lean Management: Awareness, Implementation Status, and Need for Implementation Support in Virginia's Wood Industry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36210.

Full text

Abstract:

During the last decades, the U.S. wood products (NAICS 321) and furniture manufacturing (NAICS 337) industries have been greatly affected by economic cycles, rising production and transportation costs, changing buyer habits, and, arguably, most powerfully, increasing global competition. As a result, tens of thousands of jobs were lost and a large number of companies in the industry experienced bankruptcy, closed operations, or relocated to other countries. However, theories exist stating that the use of management systems, such as, for example, Lean management, allows companies to become more competitive and enhance the likelihood of survival. A mail survey was conducted to investigate companies in Virginia's wood products and furniture manufacturing industries as to their awareness of Lean management, the implementation of Lean practices, as well as the companies' need for support in Lean implementation efforts. Findings indicate that a majority of Virginia's wood products and furniture manufacturing industries have heard about terms like, for example, Lean management, Lean manufacturing, or Lean thinking, but are rarely aware of individual Lean elements of which Lean consists. Few businesses thus have implemented Lean. However, findings show that Lean awareness and Lean implementation status differs between individual industry sub-segments. The group of industry segments with the highest Lean awareness and Lean implementation status were "engineered wood products," "manufactured homes," and "household furniture manufacturing," as opposed to industry sub-segments such as "sawmill" and "wood container and pallets," which had lower Lean awareness and Lean implementation status. The study also revealed that smaller companies (less than 50 employees) have a lower level of Lean awareness and implementation status than do larger companies (50-499 employees). Despite the low level of Lean implementation across the wood products and furniture manufacturing industry in Virginia, less than one-fourth of all respondents indicated a need for Lean implementation support.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ho, Thi Nguyet Thu. "Etude de la flore lactique du Nem chua, produit carné fermenté cru traditionnel du Sud Vietnam et maîtrise du processus de fermentation par ajout de souches lactiques sélectionnées spécifiques du produit." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13738/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Le Nem chua est un produit vietnamien fermenté à base de viande porcine. Notre étude a pour but de formuler des starters lactiques afin de standardiser le processus de fabrication du Nem chua et améliorer la qualité des produits finis. Le pH de la pâte de viande diminue progressivement tandis que la population lactique se développe au cours des 5 jours de fermentation. Parmi les 131 souches identifiées, les Lactobacillus brevis et Lb. plantarum étaient les plus fréquents. Les autres bactéries lactiques telles que Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis sont présentes mais en plus faible pourcentage. L’utilisation de la combinaison des Lb. brevis et Pe. pentosaceus (6.106 UFC.g-1 pâte de viande, proportion de 1:1) donne des produits préférés par le jury de dégustateurs vietnamiens. Ces résultats permettent d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives de production et d’application au niveau industriel des starters lactiques choisis afin d’avoir les produits à la qualité bien maîtrisée et en sécurité alimentaire dans la fabrication des Nem chua du Vietnam, qui pouvant s’appliquer à d’autres fermentations carnées similaires
Nem chua is a very popular fermented meat product in Vietnam. Our research aimed at the formulation of autochthonous starter cultures in order to standardise the production process of Nem chua and to improve the quality of final product. The paste meat pH progressively decreased while LAB increased during the fermentation. Among 131 isolates identified, the most frequent LAB revealed were Lactobacillus brevis and Lb. plantarum. The other LABs such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, … existed in lowest percentage. The results of our sensorial experiments demonstrated significant effects of Lb. brevis and Pe. pentosaceus strains, which were previously isolated from Nem chua, on the sensory quality of this traditional fermented meat product. The use of both Lb. brevis and Pe. pentosaceus strains (6.106CFU.g-1 meat paste, strain ratio of 1:1) as starters for Nem chua offered the best sensorial quality. These results suggest further studies on the practical ability of using and producing these LABs in combination as commercial starters in order to produce products of well-controlled quality and safety for Nem chua in Vietnam and probably of other similar fermented meat products

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Caro, Pumarica Gianella Rosario, Seminario Kevin Jency Chavez, Arana Adriana Paola Rojas, Mora Daniel Rozas, and Coronel Milagros Leonor Vizarreta. "Al Paso." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655235.

Full text

Abstract:

El siguiente proyecto trata sobre la distribución de productos de primera necesidad para las familias que residen en el distrito de Chaclacayo del nivel socioeconómico A, B y C. En el desarrollo de este trabajo, se realizó entrevistas al mercado objetivo para poder conocer sus preferencias de nuestros futuros clientes, conocer el alcance que podríamos lograr, sus experiencias de compras en las bodegas, supermercados y minimarket y compras mediante redes sociales. Después de la validación del problema se planteó una solución: AL PASO – La bodega en la puerta de tu casa. El servicio de AL PASO consta de las ventas online de combos con productos de primera necesidad. Además, nuestra unidad con la cual se realizará el servicio de delivery, estará presente en 3 parques estratégicos para realizar ventas de nuestros productos al público en general. El desarrollo de nuestro proyecto se realizó en 2 partes. La primera se validó el modelo de negocio por medio de métodos de investigación cuantitativos y cualitativos. Por último, se desarrolló el plan de negocios, para lo cual se requiere una inversión inicial de 77,000 soles
The following project deals with the distribution of basic necessities for families residing in the Chaclacayo district of socioeconomic level A, B and C. In the development of this work, interviews were conducted with the target market in order to know their preferences for our future clients, know the scope that we could achieve, their shopping experiences in warehouses, supermarkets and minimarket and purchases through social networks. After the validation of the problem, a solution was proposed: AL PASO - The cellar at the door of your house. AL PASO's service consists of online sales of combos with essential products. In addition, our unit with which the delivery service will be carried out, will be present in 3 strategic parks to make sales of our products to the general public. The development of our project was carried out in 2 parts. The first validated the business model through quantitative and qualitative research methods. Finally, the business plan was developed, for which an initial investment of 77,000 soles is required.
Trabajo de investigación

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Pintér, Judit Klementina. "A need analysis and the selection of a distribution channel for an imported meat product In South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11832.

Full text

Abstract:

Owing to the increase in urbanisation and disposable income, South Africa offers the food industry enormous growth opportunities. According to Louw, Jordaan, Ndanga and Kirsten (2008: 287), supermarkets have become vital role players in South African food consumption. Within this market, it is especially important to note that “preferences for high quality… foods are emerging” (Louw et al, 2008:288). This highlights the need to introduce superior quality foods to the South African food market. This study took this need one step further by asking the question, “is there a need for a high-quality foreign product in the South African market?” The primary objective of this study was to conduct a needs analysis to determine whether there is a need to introduce a selected foreign product into the South African market. The high-quality product chosen for this research is a meat product called PICK salami. In addition, the distribution channel that would be the most appropriate for the possible introduction of the product to the market was also identified in the study. To accomplish this, a relevant literature study was performed. To realise the research objective, a triangulated research approach was selected and a multiple-case study conducted. The units of analysis chosen for this study were the four major South African supermarket chains: SPAR Group Limited, Shoprite Checkers, Woolworths (Pty) limited and Pick ’n Pay Retailers (Pty) Limited. The data from this study was then analysed to determine meaningful results. From the research, it was concluded that there is a need for a high-quality meat product such as PICK Salami in South Africa and that SPAR Group Limited is the most viable distribution channel to use. Both South Africa and Hungary can benefit from such a business venture as gaps in the market can be filled and both countries can profit, despite the current global economic downturn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ferreira, Simone da Fonte. "Aconselhamento de produtos de apoio para alunos com NEE: levantamento das estratégias e modelos utilizados pelos CRTIC." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15867.

Full text

Abstract:

Doutoramento em Multimédia em Educação
Na senda do contexto legislativo de outros países, também Portugal criou uma conjuntura legislativa, no âmbito da Educação Especial, que consagrou a possibilidade de utilização de produtos de apoio, como um recurso ao serviço dos alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE). Entre outras iniciativas, o Ministério da Educação lançou, em 2007, uma rede constituída por 25 centros, designados por Centro de Recursos TIC para Educação Especial (CRTIC) que, entre outras missões, são responsáveis pela avaliação de alunos com NEE tendo em vista a implementação dos produtos de apoio na intervenção educativa junto deste tipo de discentes. É neste contexto que surge a proposta de, com o estudo aqui apresentado, investigar e compreender as práticas atualmente em curso nos CRTIC, nomeadamente no que respeita às estratégias e os modelos aplicados nas avaliações de alunos com NEE, para efeitos de atribuição de produtos de apoio. O referencial teórico que sustentou este estudo foi analisado considerando o contexto legislativo nacional e internacional, que enquadra a utilização deste tipo de recursos junto destes alunos. Considerámos ainda as classificações existentes que caracterizam a diversidade dos produtos de apoio disponíveis no mercado, tendo a presente investigação sido focada no âmbito do aconselhamento tipicamente realizado pelos CRTIC. Por último, fez-se uma reflexão acerca dos processos implicados na prestação de serviços, analisando alguns indicadores de qualidade de serviço aconselhados pela literatura da especialidade. Do ponto de vista metodológico, e atendendo à finalidade desta investigação, delineou-se uma estratégia que permitiu recolher dados provenientes de diferentes fontes, tendo-se desenvolvido um estudo do tipo survey, sustentado por um paradigma pluri-metodológico, cujo corpus de análise proveio da análise documental de relatórios oficiais e de inquéritos por entrevista e por questionário. Estes últimos foram aplicados a todo o universo dos CRTIC (25 centros), tendo-se obtido uma taxa de resposta de 100%. A análise dos dados obtidos revelou que o processo de avaliação desenvolvido por estes centros já tem em conta alguns dos aspetos destacados na literatura, tais como: equipas multidisciplinares; tomada de decisão colaborativa e observação dos fatores ambientais do aluno. Porém, verifica-se que são escassos os CRTIC que disponibilizam um apoio sistemático e continuo aos intervenientes educativos na fase de implementação/utilização dos produtos atribuídos. Sustentados na constatação deste facto, conceptualizámos e prototipámos uma proposta de uma plataforma de apoio à avaliação e monitorização dos produtos de apoio, designada por “Rede NEE”, que visa facilitar a comunicação entre os intervenientes. Esta proposta revela-se inovadora no modo como os pedidos podem ser realizados, contemplando ainda estratégias que poderão facilitar a monitorização dos produtos de apoio atribuídos.
Following the legislative context of other countries, Portugal has also created a legislative context, within the Special Education field, that established the possibility of using assistive technology as a resource to help students with special educational needs (SEN). Among other initiatives, the Ministry of Education launched, in 2007, a network of 25 centres designated by ICT Resource Centers for Special Education (CRTIC), which, among other purposes, are responsible for SEN pupils’ assessment aiming at the implementation of assistive technology to support educational intervention with these students. It’s within this context that we decided to conduct this study, proposing to investigate and understand the practices currently in progress in CRTIC, namely regarding strategies and models applied in assessment of pupils with SEN, towards the use of assistive technology. The theoretical framework that supported this study was analyzed considering the national and international legislative context that frames the use of such resources among these pupils. We also considered the existing classifications that characterize the diversity of assistive technology available in the market. The present study was focused within the counselling, typically accomplished by CRTIC. Lastly, a reflection about the processes involved in service delivery was also carried out through the analysis of some indicators of quality of service advised by the literature. From the methodological point of view, and given the purpose of this research data was collected from different sources aiming to to develop a “survey type” study, supported by a multi-methodological paradigm, which analysis corpus came from documental analysis of official reports, interview inquiries and a questionnaire. These last ones were applied to the entire universe of CRTIC (25 centres) and a response rate of 100% was obtained. The results revealed that the assessment process developed by these centres already takes into account some of the aspects highlighted by other authors, such as multidisciplinary teams, collaborative decision making and observation of the pupils’ environmental factors. Nevertheless, it can be noticed that only few CRTIC provide a systematic and continuous support to educational interveners during the stage of implementation/usage of assigned products. Based on this fact, we conceptualized and created a prototype of an online platform to support the assessment and monitoring of assistive technology, called "Rede NEE", which aims to facilitate communication among interveners and which innovates on how requests can be made and proposing new, strategies that may ease the monitoring of the assigned assistive technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Prasanna, Guru 1976. "Product development knowledge management portal and case studies to demonstrate the need for better design knowledge management using it." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17553.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Page 123 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).
Product development process is a complex one due to the involvement of highly coupled tasks and people over a certain period of time. So far there has been little success in capturing and storage of the knowledge that goes into making such a complex process in a easy to use and readily accessible way within a detailed framework. This thesis presents a product knowledge management portal to categorize such vast knowledge effectively to achieve those objectives. It thus serves as a map and a knowledge repository of the entire product development process starting with the evaluation of customer needs, functional requirements and constraints subsequently leading to specific design parameters, the process variables and the final output of the product itself. Within this framework is also contained the details of each of these individual processes, lessons learned from the past experiences, task division and interactions between people and tasks over time and the interconnections and links between these processes themselves. The thesis then studies three cases of products at two companies with different company cultures and size to learn how these companies manage the product development process knowledge using the above-developed framework. The results suggest the insufficiencies in different areas of knowledge backed by quantitative data. It also points out the common results and differences among the way companies manage the product development knowledge.
by Guru Prasanna.
S.M.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Denis-Petit, David. "Excitations nucléaires dans les plasmas : le cas du 84m Rb." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0220/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail, à la fois expérimental et théorique, présente l’étude d’un processus d’excitation nucléaire, appelé NEET (Nuclear Excitation by Electron Transition), faisant intervenir un cou-plage entre le noyau et le cortège électronique. Dans celui-ci, une désexcitation électronique peut induire une excitation nucléaire si les transitions nucléaire et atomique sont résonantes et ont la même multipolarité. Le noyau de84Rbest un bon candidat pour mettre en évidence ce processus dans un plasma créé par laser car il possède une transition de basse énergie (environ 3 keV) entre l’état isomérique (Jπ= 6−,T1/2= 20,26min) et l’état Jπ= 5−(T1/2= 9ns). Afin d’évaluer un taux d’excitation par effet NEET, il est nécessaire de décrire les états atomiques dans un plasma et de caractériser précisément la transition nucléaire.Afin d’obtenir une description précise des états atomiques dans un plasma, une méthode de calcul de structure atomique a été développée. Cette méthode est basée sur le code de physique atomique MCDF (Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock) et emploie une technique de sélection des configurations électroniques les plus probables en tenant compte des propriétés du plasma. Cette méthode de calcul a été validée par l’interprétation d’un spectre X émis par un plasma de Rb produit avec le laser PHELIX du GSI à une intensité de6×1014W/cm2.L’énergie de la transition nucléaire entre les états6−et5−n’était pas connue avec une précision suffisante (∼200eV) pour une évaluation précise du taux d’excitation par effet NEET.Deux expériences de spectroscopie γ ont alors été réalisées auprès des accélérateurs ELSA duCEA/DAM/DIF et Tandem de l’IPN d’Orsay. Elles ont permis d’améliorer de plus d’un ordre de grandeur la précision sur l’énergie de cette transition.A l’issue de ce travail, une évaluation du taux d’excitation par effet NEET dans un plasma a été réalisée afin de dimensionner une expérience. D’après celle-ci, le plasma doit avoir une température suffisamment élevée (de l’ordre de 400 eV) afin d’obtenir un nombre d’isomères excités suffisant pour être détectés
This experimental and theoretical work deals with the Nuclear Excitation by Electron Tran-sition (NEET) process which involves a coupling between the nucleus and its electron cloud. In this process, an electron de-excitation can induce a nuclear excitation if the atomic and nuclear transitions are resonant and have the same multipolarity. This process could be observed in a laser created plasma of 84Rb because this nucleus has a low energy transition (around 3 keV) between the isomeric state (Jπ= 6−,T1/2= 20,26m) and theJπ= 5−(T1/2= 9ns) state. To evaluate a NEET excitation rate, the atomic states in plasma must be described and the nuclear transition must be precisely characterised.To describe the atomic states in plasma, a method based on a MCDF (Multi-ConfigurationDirac-Fock) code was developed. This one uses a procedure to select the most probable atomic configurations according to the plasma properties. This method was checked by the interpretation of a X-rays spectrum emitted by a Rb plasma. This plasma was produced by the PHELIXlaser of the GSI laboratory at an intensity of6×1014W/cm2.The energy of the nuclear transition between the states6−and5−was not accurate enough for the NEET rate evaluation. Twoγ-rays spectroscopy experiments were conducted at the ELSA accelerator from CEA/DAM/DIF and at the Tandem accelerator from the Orsay laboratory. The accuracy of the nuclear transition energy was improved of more than one order of magnitude. In this work, the NEET rate was evaluated to predict an experiment. The Rb plasma must have a high temperature (around 400 eV) to obtain a sufficient number of excited isomers and therefore to make possible the detection

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ho, Thi Nguyet Thu Caubet Roland. "Etude de la flore lactique du Nem chua, produit carné fermenté cru traditionnel du Sud Vietnam et maîtrise du processus de fermentation par ajout de souches lactiques sélectionnées spécifiques du produit." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/HO_THI_NGUYET_THU_2008.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Doss, Farrell Dean. "Impact of financial risk on U.S. apparel buyers' need for information sources and information on product characteristics and vendor reputation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40259.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Andrade, Marta Fernandes Pereira. "Produtos retro : atitudes dos consumidores portugueses." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13152.

Full text

Abstract:

Mestrado em Marketing
A expressão retro tem ganho uma importância cada vez maior ao longo dos anos, despertando curiosidade um pouco por todos os mercados. O que significa que diversos produtos, serviços e marcas que eram utilizados no passado estão a regressar ao presente com alguma força. Esta investigação tem como objetivo entender as atitudes face aos produtos retro numa amostra de consumidores portugueses, isto é, averiguar qual a influência que a nostalgia, o colecionismo, a experiência com o passado, o interesse para com o passado, o materialismo, a procura da novidade e a necessidade de se sentirem únicos exercem sobre as atitudes de um grupo de consumidores portugueses ao adquirirem estes bens. De modo a alcançar este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, utilizando-se um método quantitativo, neste caso, o inquérito por questionário como forma de recolha de dados, no qual as questões fundamentais foram elaboradas tendo em consideração escalas desenvolvidas anteriormente por alguns autores. Este inquérito por questionário foi divulgado online, registando como amostra 320 consumidores portugueses. Constatou-se assim, que tanto a nostalgia como o colecionismo e a experiência que estes consumidores tiveram no passado influenciam positivamente as suas atitudes para adquirirem produtos retro no presente. A variável materialismo não apresentou fiabilidade, enquanto que, as restantes variáveis (interesse para com o passado, procura da novidade e necessidade de se sentirem únicos) não apresentaram significado estatístico, o que significa que não influenciam as atitudes dos consumidores portugueses (presentes nesta amostra) face aos produtos retro.
The retro expression has gained increasing importance over the years, arousing curiosity a little in all markets and in people of all ages. This means that many products, services and brands that were used in the past are returning with some force. This research aims to understand the attitudes towards retro products in a sample of portuguese consumers, that is, finding out what influence the nostalgia, antiquarianism, experience with the past, interest in the past, materialism, consumer novelty seeking and need for uniqueness have on the attitudes of a group of portuguese consumers to purchase these goods. In order to achieve this objective it was conducted a descriptive study, using a quantitative method, in this case the survey as means of data collection, in wich the key questions have been prepared taking into account previously developed scales from some authors. This survey was published online by registering as a sample 320 portuguese consumers. It was found that both nostalgia and antiquarianism and experience that these consumers had in the past, have a positive influence in their attitudes to acquire retro products at the present. The variable materialism was not reliable, while the remaining variables (interest in the past, novelty seeking and need for uniqueness) did not present statistical significance, wich means that they don't influence the attitudes of portuguese consumers (presente in this sample) compared to retro products.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kristel, Peter [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Waldorf, Konrad [Gutachter] Waldorf, André [Gutachter] Henriques, and Karl-Hermann [Gutachter] Neeb. "The Spinor Bundle on Loop Space and its Fusion product / Peter Kristel ; Gutachter: Konrad Waldorf, André Henriques, Karl-Hermann Neeb ; Betreuer: Konrad Waldorf." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205879986/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kristel, Peter Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Waldorf, Konrad [Gutachter] Waldorf, André G. [Gutachter] [Henriques, and Karl-Hermann [Gutachter] Neeb. "The Spinor Bundle on Loop Space and its Fusion product / Peter Kristel ; Gutachter: Konrad Waldorf, André Henriques, Karl-Hermann Neeb ; Betreuer: Konrad Waldorf." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205879986/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kristel, Peter Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] [Waldorf, Konrad Gutachter] Waldorf, André G. [Gutachter] [Henriques, and Karl-Hermann [Gutachter] Neeb. "The Spinor Bundle on Loop Space and its Fusion product / Peter Kristel ; Gutachter: Konrad Waldorf, André Henriques, Karl-Hermann Neeb ; Betreuer: Konrad Waldorf." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-35744.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Martin, Ashley N. "The interaction of message content, media sequence, and product involvement: an examination of intended message content sequences across a two-channel strategic IMC effort." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18705.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Journalism and Mass Communications
Curtis Matthews
Integrated marketing communications strategies are being utilized more and more by practitioners who wish to reach their audiences in different ways at different times. However, the omnipresence that results from these multi-channel campaigns presents a new challenge for marketers, as their message and channel sequences may or may not be experienced in the order intended. Past literature has shown that both message order and channel sequence do matter. However, existing literature has not examined intended message sequences where the first channel “teases” the more comprehensive information available in the second channel. Therefore, the aim of this study was to bridge some of the gaps in past research by exploring message content order effects and channel sequence effects across intentional sequences for both high- and low-involvement product categories through the lens of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. A 2 (message content order: tease-to-answer versus answer-to-tease) by 2 (medium sequence: print-to-online versus online-to-print) by 2 (product involvement: high- versus low-involvement) mixed factorial experimental design was conducted to explore how message content order, channel sequence, and product involvement level affected evaluations of brand and message, as well as perceived behavioral intent. The findings indicated that message content order had significant influence over brand and message evaluation, with the tease-to-answer order producing the highest evaluations of brand and message. The findings also indicated that the online-to-print sequence was only effective for increasing behavioral intent under high-involvement conditions. Implications for marketing practitioners and future research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Giesecke, Jacob. "Multiple Sides, Multiple Challenges : The Need for a Uniform Approach in Defining the Relevant Product Market in Abuse of Dominance Cases on Multi-Sided Markets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363381.

Full text

Abstract:

The study shows that multi-sided markets pose difficulties when the relevant product market is to be defined. These difficulties pertain to two questions. The first question is whether one or several markets should be defined. In this regard, it is not easy to extract a coherent method from the cases examined. Instead, the methods applied give the impression of ad hoc-solutions, where similar circumstances result in dissimilar outcomes. Indeed, it is hard to reconcile the different market definitions in Visa International MIF and MasterCard MIF. The uncertainties are not limited to these two cases, as the methods applied in Google Shopping too give rise to ambiguities. Why was the market for general search engine platforms separated into two distinct product markets, but the market for comparison shopping services encompassed both sides? Unfortunately, this discussion was not present in the decision. This only serves to reinforce the impression that these questions are solved on an ad hoc-basis. A clear method of approaching multi-sided markets is desirable, not least because the enforcement of competition rules must be characterized by consistency and foreseeability. Hopefully, the judgement in Google Shopping will bring further clarity to this. Nonetheless, the conclusion is that one market should be defined when differences between competitive constraints on the two sides are absent. E contrario, this means that two markets should be defined when such differences are present. This is true regardless of the market in question being a transaction or a non-transaction market. This method seems preferable to strictly adhering to the division of multi-sided markets into transaction or non-transaction markets. If the Commission’s analysis is correct in that there are no differences in competitive constraints on the two sides of comparison shopping services, in combination with crossing network effects, the platform’s multi-sidedness is a necessary trait for both sides. This means that a substitute has to be multi-sided in order for it to be included on the relevant product market, which minimizes the risk for false negatives. Vice versa, the definition of two markets allows for one-sided products to be included on the relevant product market, which minimizes the risk for false positives. This is important not only for the binary finding of dominance or non-dominance, but also the degree of dominance. As concluded above, incorrectly defining one market may artificially inflate the degree of dominance into false super-dominance, and incorrectly defining several markets may artificially dilute the degree of dominance. The second question is how substitutability should be measured. It is obvious from the cases examined that qualitative measures are used and not quantitative measures. The products’ characteristics, intended use, purpose, functionalities, users’ perceptions of the product, etc. were given much attention. The SSNIP test was not applied in any of the cases. The first conclusion to be drawn from the examination above is therefore that the difficulties regarding measuring substitutability on multi-sided markets mainly concern quantitative measures. The arguments against applying a SSNIP test related to the cellophane fallacy (in two different forms, one of which was deceivingly similar to the reverse cellophane fallacy) and differences in price sensitivities between the two sides. Network effects present an additional difficulty, which may lead to exaggerated results when measuring substitutability. The second conclusion to be drawn is that there exists a reluctance to apply a SSNIP test in a way that is tailored for multi-sided markets. One method that has been proposed is to apply the test on the total sum paid by both sides, while allowing the intermediary to adjust the increase in price in accordance with its price structure. The categorical dismissal of applying the test in this way suggests that adapted versions have some time to wait before being introduced into case law and decisional practice. If they, as their proponents argue, are a robust way of broadening the evidence of possible substitutability, this is unfortunate. The risk of defining the market overly narrow or overly broad is of course present in this regard as well. A broader spectrum of evidence therefore minimizes the risk of incorrectly finding both dominance and non-dominance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gérard, Jessica. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des réponses des consommateurs face à la contamination perçue : le rôle de l'imagerie mentale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG017.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans la plupart des environnements de vente, le consommateur peut facilement manipuler les produits et ainsi vivre des expériences tactiles. Cependant, cette liberté de toucher les produits n’est pas sans conséquences. En effet, si le consommateur aime toucher les produits, il est réticent à ce le produit qu’il touche ait été manipulé au préalable par d’autres personnes. Ce paradoxe est un enjeu pour les praticiens. Comment permettre aux clients de toucher les produits tout en garantissant qu’ils soient dépourvus de contacts antérieurs avec autrui ? Cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène de contamination perçue des produits. Elle a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les variables agissant sur la contamination perçue et sur les réponses à l’égard des produits perçus comme contaminés. Une étude première qualitative explore la vision que les consommateurs ont de la contamination perçue des produits ; une seconde étude qualitative s’intéresse au point de vue des manageurs. Cette phase qualitative sert de base au développement d’une échelle de contamination perçue. Puis, trois collectes de données quantitatives sont menées afin de comparer l’impact de deux facteurs de contamination. Les résultats montrent que le consommateur est plus sensible lorsqu’un produit présente un résidu suggérant qu’il a été touché que lorsqu’il voit un contaminateur manipuler ce produit. Ils mettent également en évidence que l’imagerie mentale est un mécanisme sous-jacent explicatif de la contamination perçue mais que le besoin de toucher n’a pas d’effet sur le phénomène
In most retail environments the customer is able to handle products, feel their weight and try them, in other words the customer has a tactile experience. However, this freedom to touch products has a downside. Indeed, even if the consumer likes to touch products, he refuses the same product if it has been handled by other customers. This ambivalence concerning touch is a major problem for managers in retail outlets. How is it possible to allow consumers to touch products while guaranteeing that they are devoid of previous contact with others? This dissertation focuses on the concept of product contamination. It aims to understand the variables that reflect the impact of perceived contamination on consumer responses. A first qualitative study examines the vision of consumers on product contamination. A second qualitative study focuses on managers’ point of view. These studies are then used as a basis for the development of a perceived contamination scale. Lastly, three quantitative studies compare the impact of two contamination’s cues. The results suggest that the consumer is more sensitive when a product contains a cue that it has been touched, as compared to their reaction to seeing someone touch a product. These findings show that mental imagery is an underlying mechanism contrary to need for touch

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Klimienė, Kristina. "Vartotojų elgsenos įtaka pieno perdirbimo įmonių rinkodaros sprendimams." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050606_144238-15351.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARY Kristina KLIMIENĖ Consumer behavior influence to milk processing companies marketing decisions The conclusive master work consists of 57 pages, 10 pictures, 2 tables, 40 references and 3 additions. The work is written in Lithuanian. The key words: consumer, consumer behavior, need, relationship marketing, product, organization. The aim of the work is to present milk processing companies relationship improvement means with consumers. The research object - consumer behavior. The research subject – consumer behavior influence to the marketing decisions. The main tasks of the work are to: 1. Characterize the outward and inherent factors of consumer behavior; 2. Identify the consumption stimulating marketing means; 3. Point out how the consumer behavior influence milk processing companies marketing decisions; 4. Present relationship improvement means with consumers. The work was written analising different literature resources, comparing the facts of different authors, systematizing and concentrating them, using graphic, logical abstraction methods, also it was used a inquest. In oder to influence consumer behavior it‘s necessary to understand what affects consumer docisions. Consumer behavior is influenced by many enviromental and personal factors. Understanding them the organization can accept the effective marketing decisions. One of the most important subjects for the milk processing companies is to satisfy consumer needs by educating their consumers and... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Leung, Sau-mei Teresa, and 梁秀媚. "Nonylphenol- and octylphenol-ethoxylates in surfactant products : need control or not? : an overview of their consumption, environmental fate and risks and public awareness in Hong Kong as compared to overseas countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194582.

Full text

Abstract:

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage (~1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge (~3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Bjärnram, Carl Johan. "Parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA: from first to final marketing : balancing the need to protect and promote public health and safety with the EC treaty objective of establishing a common market." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2135/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis provides a thorough clarification of the rules governing parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA; from first to final marketing. More specifically, the thesis provides an analysis of the application of EC competition law (Articles 81 and 82 EC Treaty), the free movement of goods provisions (Articles 28-30 EC Treaty), Community measures, and Member State laws to parallel import-restrictive measures. The EC Treaty and Community measures must, in conjunction with Member State laws, facilitate the establishment of an internal market without compromising public health and safety. For example, the application of Articles 81 and 82 EC Treaty to parallel import-restrictive measures must take into consideration the need to promote public health and safety by acknowledging the pharmaceutical industry’s reliance on future investments in 'research and development' (R&D). Similarly, the application of Articles 28-30 EC Treaty to repackaging of pharmaceutical products must take into consideration the need to protect public health and safety. The importance of balancing the pro-integration objective with the public health and safety objective is particularly evident in relation to the application of the EC Treaty to Member State laws governing the pharmaceutical market-specific and potentially parallel import-restrictive requirement of marketing authorisations. Parallel trade is, nevertheless, a statistically safe practice, and considered essential to market integration by encouraging intra-brand competition and widening customer choice. Parallel trade is also believed to generate savings to national health authorities, and ultimately patients and taxpayers. The thesis therefore concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the protection and promotion of public health and safety without having an unduly negative impact on the establishment of an internal market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

AMIRTHALINGAM, ILAKIA, and NADJA ZAHIRALDINNI. "Requirement Management in Product Development in B2B : A Study on the Process of Capturing Customer Requirements." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279771.

Full text

Abstract:

Our world is ever-changing hence the surroundings ought to develop accordingly. This applies particularly to the product development process and therefore, it is of high priority to adapt to the changes. This can be achieved by observing the market and especially the customers. It is believed that customers possess certain knowledge that can be crucial pieces of information when developing products. According to the literature, involving customer will result in the increased diversity of information and as a result, this may enhance the quality as well as the development process. Nevertheless, integrating customers may prove to be a tedious task as well as a costly one especially if the customers are of a complex nature. Due to this, it may be appropriate to apply various methods to map customer’s needs and requirements to further develop them in a systematic manner. The purpose of this study is to gain greater knowledge about customer involvement, mainly focusing on international as well as complex customers. The essence of the study is to obtain information about how an organisation navigates around customers along with what roles and responsibilities there are within the organisations. The study was conducted at Xolaris, a smallmedium size (SME) company within software development, hence the collected data stems from that organisation. Initially, a comparative literature study was executed to obtain a broader spectrum of knowledge. This was complemented by interviews with respondents who held relevant positions within the organisation. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner for the sole purpose of optimizing the information flow. From the data that was collected, several categories were derived that contributed to the study in a suitable manner. The results of the study proved that there are obstacles when involving customers. Yet, there are methods and tools to overcome these obstacles, conversely, they may not always prove to be efficient and one must adapt oneself according to the situation. Furthermore, this study confirmed that it is of great importance to maintain stable customer relationships, hence there cannot be a fixed method to process the customer's requirements. Moreover, the study also proves there ought to be a limit to the degree of customer involvement.
Världen står konstant inför för nya utmaningar samt förändringar och därav bör omgivningen utvecklas i enlighet med detta. Inte minst gäller det för produktutvecklingsprocessen som har eftersträvat att anpassa sig till diverse utvecklingar. Detta kan bland annat uppnås genom att observera marknaden och särskilt kunderna. Kunderna kan besitta kunskap som kan vara avgörande information när man utvecklar produkter. Enligt litteraturstudien kan involvering av kunder resulterat i ökad mångfald av information och på så vis kan det bidra till att produktkvalitet förbättras såväl som utvecklingsprocessen. Integrering av kunder kan emellertid visa sig vara en ledsam handling såväl som en kostsam sådan, särskilt om kunderna är av en komplex karaktär. Därför kan det vara lämpligt att använda olika metoder för att kartlägga kundernas behov samt krav för att vidareutveckla dem på ett systematiskt vis. Syftet med denna studie är att erhålla bredare kunskap om kundinvolvering med fokus på internationella såväl som komplexa kunder. Vidare kommer studien inrikta sig mot att studera hur en organisation navigerar runt kunder samt vilka roller och ansvarsområden som finns inom organisationerna. Studien genomfördes på Xolaris, ett mindre företag (SME) som specialiserar sig i mjukvaruutveckling, därav härstammar all erhållen data från denna organisation. För att besvara på samtliga frågeställningar genomfördes en litteraturstudie för få en djupare förståelse om kundinvolvering . Detta kompletterades med intervjuer från respondenter som besatt relevanta positioner inom organisationen. Intervjuerna genomfördes på ett semistrukturerat viss i syfte att optimera informationsflödet. Data som samlades in kodades samt delades in i lämpliga kategorier. Resultaten av studien visade att det finns hinder när kunderna involveras. Trots det, finns det metoder samt verktyg för att hantera dessa hinder, å andra sidan är de inte effektiva i alla situationer utan man böra anpassa efter förhållandet. Vidare bekräftade denna studie att det är av stor vikt att upprätthålla en god kundrelation. Däremot visade studien på att det bör finnas en sund gräns för graden av kundinvolvering då för mycket involvering inte alltid gynnar projektet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kolb, Peter Markus. "The Effects of Temperature on Judgment and Behavior in the Contexts of Jurisdiction, Retail, and Services." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-96306.

Full text

Abstract:

Warum verwenden wir Wörter, die mit physikalischer Temperatur zu tun haben, zur Beschreibung zwischenmenschlicher Phänomene (wie zum Beispiel “eine warmherzige Person” oder “jemandem die kalte Schulter zeigen”)? Jüngere Forschung im Bereich Embodied Cognition hat in aktuellen Publikationen eine Antwort auf diese Frage geliefert: Das Erleben von physikalischer Wärme wird unbewusst mit Gefühlen interpersonaler Wärme assoziiert; physikalische Kälte hingegen wird mit Gefühlen von interpersonaler Kälte und Einsamkeit verbunden. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten beispielsweise Williams und Bargh (2008) zeigen, dass bereits das kurzzeitige Halten einer Tasse mit heißem Kaffe (verglichen mit einer Tasse Eiskaffee) dazu führt, dass die Persönlichkeit einer Zielperson als wärmer (d.h. großzügiger und fürsorglicher) eingeschätzt wird. Diese unbewusste Assoziation hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab zu klären, ob und wie Temperatur menschliches Urteilen und Verhalten in verschiedenen Kontexten beeinflusst. Desweiteren sollen zugrundeliegende Prozesse (Mediatoren) sowie weitere Rahmenbedingungen (Moderatoren) untersucht werden. Insgesamt wurden drei Versuchsreihen in drei angewandten Kontexten durchgeführt (Rechtsprechung, Verkauf und Dienstleistungen). Diese Bereiche stehen exemplarisch für eine große Anzahl von Situationen, in denen Temperatur das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen beeinflussen kann (insbesondere alle Situationen, in denen Menschen sich gegenseitig wahrnehmen und miteinander interagieren). Zur Manipulation von Temperatur wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt. Dies umfasste sowohl semantische Temperaturprimings als auch die systematische Variation der Raumtemperatur. Dabei wurde die Raumtemperatur unter Berücksichtigung bauphysikalischer Gesichtspunkte erfasst und innerhalb einer Komfortzone manipuliert. Die Ergebnisse aus allen Experimenten der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit zeigen, dass Temperatur das Urteilen und Handeln von Menschen entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Ergebnisse aus dem ersten Laborexperiment (Kontext Rechtsprechung) legen nahe, dass die Beurteilung von Verbrechern signifikant von der Raumtemperatur, die innerhalb einer Komfortzone manipuliert wurde, beeinflusst wird: In einem kühlen Raum wurden Verbrecher als kaltblütiger eingeschätzt, während sie in einem warmen Raum als hitzköpfiger eingestuft wurden. In diesem Zusammenhang schrieben die Teilnehmer bei niedriger Raumtemperatur Verbrechern mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit Kalkülverbrechen, mehr Morde und schwerere Verbrechen, die mit längeren Gefängnisstrafen verbunden sind, zu (verglichen mit Teilnehmern bei mittlerer und hoher Raumtemperatur). Bei hoher Raumtemperatur hingegen hielten es die Teilnehmehmenden für wahrscheinlicher, dass die Verbrecher ein Affektverbrechen begangen haben (verglichen mit den anderen beiden Bedingungen). Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Temperatur attributionale Prozesse beeinflusst. In der zweiten Versuchsreihe (Kontext Verkauf) gaben die Teilnehmer bei niedriger Raumtemperatur positivere Konsumentenurteile gegenüber Produkten und Verkaufspersonal ab (im Vergleich zu Teilnehmenden bei mittlerer und hoher Raumtemperatur). Zudem zeigten sie positivere Verhaltenstendenzen gegenüber Produkten und Verkäufer/innen (z.B. eine höhere Kaufwahrscheinlichkeit und eine höhere Bereitschaft, mit Verkaufspersonal ein Beratungsgespräch zu beginnen). Überdies steigerte in einer weiteren Studie ein semantisches Kältepriming den Drang der Teilnehmer, umgehend einen Einkauf zu tätigen (verglichen mit einem Priming von Wärme und einer Kontrollbedingung). In der dritten Versuchsreihe (Kontext Dienstleistungen) zeigten Personen in einem umfassenden Dienstleistungsszenario bei niedrigen Raumtemperaturen (im Vergleich zu hohen Temperaturen) eine höhere Kundenorientierung – sowohl in kritischen Service-Szenarien als auch in einem Selbstberichtsmaß. Zudem vergaben sie Kunden signfikant höhere Rabatte. Dieser Effekt wurde auch in einer Stichprobe mit erfahrenen Dienstleistern bestätigt, die nach einem semantischen Temperaturpriming eine höhere Kundenorientierung in der Kaltbedingung (im Vergleich zur Warm- und Kontrollbedingung) angaben. Mithilfe dieses Experiments konnte zudem aufgezeigt werden, dass die gefundenen Effekte unabhängig von menschlicher Routine, Erfahrung und individuellem Wissensstand stattfinden. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit konnte als erste in der Embodied Cognition-Forschung einen Mediationseffekt zwischen Temperatur und Verhaltensvariablen (im Kontext von Konsumentenverhalten) nachweisen. Niedrige Temperaturen führen demnach zu einem erhöhten Anschlussmotiv. Dies wirkt sich wiederum auf das Verhalten von Konsumenten aus (z.B. durch eine höhere Bereitschaft, mit einem/r Verkäufer/in in Interaktion zu treten oder etwas zu kaufen.) Zudem zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit als Erste in diesem Forschungszweig einen Moderationseffekt: In der dritten Versuchsreihe konnte in einer Moderationsanalyse bestätigt werden, dass die Verträglichkeit der Teilnehmenden den Einfluss von Temperatur auf die Gewährung von Kundenrabatten moderierte. Auf diese Weise liefert die Arbeit nicht nur in verschiedenen Kontexten Erkenntnisse über die Tragweite von Temperatureffekten auf menschliches Urteilen und Handeln – sie gewährt auch wertvolle Einblicke in die zugrundeliegenden Faktoren und Rahmenbedingungen von Temperatureffekten. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer und praktischer Gesichtspunkte diskutiert sowie künftige Forschungsthemen abgeleitet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Tröger, Ralph. "Supply Chain Event Management – Bedarf, Systemarchitektur und Nutzen aus Perspektive fokaler Unternehmen der Modeindustrie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155014.

Full text

Abstract:

Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM) bezeichnet eine Teildisziplin des Supply Chain Management und ist für Unternehmen ein Ansatzpunkt, durch frühzeitige Reaktion auf kritische Ausnahmeereignisse in der Wertschöpfungskette Logistikleistung und -kosten zu optimieren. Durch Rahmenbedingungen wie bspw. globale Logistikstrukturen, eine hohe Artikelvielfalt und volatile Geschäftsbeziehungen zählt die Modeindustrie zu den Branchen, die für kritische Störereignisse besonders anfällig ist. In diesem Sinne untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation nach einer Beleuchtung der wesentlichen Grundlagen zunächst, inwiefern es in der Modeindustrie tatsächlich einen Bedarf an SCEM-Systemen gibt. Anknüpfend daran zeigt sie nach einer Darstellung bisheriger SCEM-Architekturkonzepte Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für eine Systemarchitektur auf, die auf den Designprinzipien der Serviceorientierung beruht. In diesem Rahmen erfolgt u. a. auch die Identifikation SCEM-relevanter Business Services. Die Vorzüge einer serviceorientierten Gestaltung werden detailliert anhand der EPCIS (EPC Information Services)-Spezifikation illustriert. Abgerundet wird die Arbeit durch eine Betrachtung der Nutzenpotenziale von SCEM-Systemen. Nach einer Darstellung von Ansätzen, welche zur Nutzenbestimmung infrage kommen, wird der Nutzen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt und fließt zusammen mit den Ergebnissen einer Literaturrecherche in eine Konsolidierung von SCEM-Nutzeffekten. Hierbei wird auch beleuchtet, welche zusätzlichen Vorteile sich für Unternehmen durch eine serviceorientierte Architekturgestaltung bieten. In der Schlussbetrachtung werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst und in einem Ausblick sowohl beleuchtet, welche Relevanz die Ergebnisse der Arbeit für die Bewältigung künftiger Herausforderungen innehaben als auch welche Anknüpfungspunkte sich für anschließende Forschungsarbeiten ergeben.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. "Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009
Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

HUANG, YU-WEI, and 黃語薇. "The Effects of Product Information on Product Attitude Discuss from Need for Touch." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qqsn4y.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
中國文化大學
行銷碩士學位學程碩士班
106
As e-commerce develops rapidly, online stores have become places where contemporary people make purchases most frequently. However, because consumers cannot really touch the products in online purchases, it is difficult for consumers to evaluate products sold in online stores. Studies in cognitive psychology show that imagery is an ability that is not perceived at the moment, but can be imagined in the mind. In this study, we explore whether imagery concepts may be used to provide consumers with a realistic touch-like experience in an online purchase environment, which can affect the consumers’ attitude toward a product. In addition, some studies indicate that each person’s emphasis on touch is different. Thus, we added the need for touch (NFT) as an independent variable to explore how different levels of NFT affect touch imagery and attitude toward products. In this study, we implemented the experiment design to manipulated touch information and balance touch imagery, need for touch, and product attitude. 120 subjects were recruited for the experiment. The result shows that in an online purchase environment, the touch imagery produced with touch information was significantly higher than that produced without touch information. The touch imagery produced in high NFT consumers who use touch text information shows a positive correlation with the product attitude. The touch imagery produced in low NFT consumers who use touch text information and touch picture information did not show a significant correlation to product attitude.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Thöming, Gunda [Verfasser]. "Soil application of neem products in IPM : controlling thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in vegetable crops / von Gunda Thöming." 2005. http://d-nb.info/979446007/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wang, Shih-Ju, and 王思如. "The Application of Rapid Ethnography to Explore the User’s Need of New Products Development: the Case Study of Digital Learning Product for Elementary School Students." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74426170422535980853.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立交通大學
應用藝術所
91
Unlike design development of conventional industrial products, that of digital products has less past experience to consult. Therefore, in recent years, industrial designers have tried to implement ethnography in user behavior research to have deeper understanding on users'' needs. However, the application of ethnography to industrial design has not been well developed as an efficient and systematic tool. The purpose of this research is to establish a systematic model of applying ethnography to product research through the case study of investigating the digital learning needs of elementary school students of high grade. This research is composed of two stages of field survey to understand the learning situation and behavior of elementary school students of high grade. The goal of the first stage field survey is to find out the general study behavior pattern of elementary students'' at school, and also to reveal critical facts for assisting the design of the second stage field survey. The second stage field survey is mainly focused on the observation of the action, interaction and behavior of students and teacher in a specific course to understand the activities occurred in their learning process. This study obtained the in-class activities record of the students through the observation survey, and collected the in-home learning activities record of the students from the record taken by the parents with the home record tool. Moreover, this study has explored the content in satchels to analyze the common learning supplies and tools or other items carried by the students to school. By analyzing and generalizing the information collected from the field surveys, this research has identified learning activities of elementary school students of high grade and concluded some critical issues related to these activities. We then classify the activities into a map of learning matrix. The activities were further analyzed by using the scheme of activity theory. From this analysis, the specification of a e-learning product for elementary school students of high grade has been summarize and been demonstrated through a scenario, whereas six design guidelines of the product have been revealed: digitize the data, study in the playing, equipments in the place, wearable design, using originally, and uniqueness. Finally, based on the case study, a model of applying rapid ethnography in product design research has been proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Cheng, Hsin-Yu, and 程新雨. "The Effects of Product Attributes, Product Knowledge and Need For Cognition on Consumer’s Intransitive Preference Behavior." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43057049941356340573.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
89
Facing the variety of consumer’s demand nowadays, firms develop products in different categories and functions. The products attract consumers by differentiation on the value of attributes. Exposed to more and more attribute information, however, consumers consequently gain much difficulty dealing with the information. On the other hand, the firms get fully control over the disclosure of information on product attribute. Consumers can only choose product based on the information provided by the firms unless they have their own reference point, and it results in information asymmetry. During the process of choice, consumers face several choices along with information of attributes, including “common attribute” which all choices disclose the value and “unique attribute” which only part of choices disclose the value. It is shown that consumers tend to put more emphasis on common attributes between choices than on unique attributes. By the overweighing the common attributes, consumers may show intransitive preference and display irrational behavior. For example, in the three choices combination, choice A will be preferred to choice B, B will be preferred to C, but C will be preferred to A. The main goal of this research is to improve our understanding of consumer choice under incomplete information. Under the influences of product knowledge, need for cognition, information presentation form, and attribute evaluation difficulty, we come to following conclusion about consumer’s intransitive preference behavior: 1.Consumers are more likely to use an attribute as a reason for choice when that attribute is common rather than unique, and lead to intransitive consumer preferences. 2.The evaluation difficulty in unique attribute will affect the evaluation weight of that attribute. Consumers will show more intransitive preference if the unique attribute of a choice which is inferior on the common attribute is more difficult to evaluate rather than easier to evaluate. 3.The product knowledge level of consumer will affect the route of evaluation and the weight of attribute. A consumer with lower product knowledge shows more intransitive preference than one with higher product knowledge. 4.Need for Cognition of consumers have no effect on the route of evaluation and the weight of attribute. 5.The presentation format of product attribute information doesn’t affect the intransitive preference of consumers. 6.Whether consumer uses the common attribute as a reason for choice or not affects the difficulty during choosing process. Consumers will rate a choice as more difficult after selecting the option that is inferior on the common attribute. Although some researchers have suggested that consumers form inferences about missing values under incomplete information, whereas others find little evidence for such inferences. The main contribution of this research is to suggest and testify consumers’ tendency to use common attribute as a reason for choice rather than inference about missing value. Moreover, this research founds that the difficulty of attribute and consumer’s product knowledge also have influence on the degree of intransitive behavior. Due to the conclusions above, we provide following suggestions for marketing strategies: 1.A firm should fully disclose the information of an attribute if the objective product is superior on that attribute, and hide the information of an attribute if the objective product is inferior on that attribute. 2.If an important attribute of the objective product is hard to evaluate, the firm should propagate the information of that attribute “actively” in order to educate consumers’ knowledge on that attribute. Stressing the performance of objective product on that attribute in order to prevent consumers from ignore the importance on that attribute. 3.We suggest that when hiding the information of inferior attribute, the firm use sentence format to disclose the information to consumers. 4.A firm should persuade consumers of different product knowledge levels into objective products in different ways. It should provide fully information of product attributes when facing higher product knowledge level consumers while provide part of information when facing lower product knowledge level consumers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits du neem'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles