Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits laitiers – Effets physiologiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Produits laitiers – Effets physiologiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Cyr, Audrey. "Impact de la consommation de produits laitiers sur l'inflammation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29575/29575.pdf.
Full textCases, Eliane. "Etude de l'effet du dodecyl sulfate de sodium sur les micelles de caséine et leur aptitude à coaguler." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20061.
Full textJin, Su. "Caractéristiques physiologiques et applications de deux souches de Lactobacillus pentosus dans des produits laitiers." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552270.
Full textAATTOURI, NAJAT. "Effets immunomodulaters de la consommation de produits laitiers fermentes : role des bacteries lactiques." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077085.
Full textDemers, Mathieu Véronique. "Viabilité, propriétés technologiques et effets anti-inflammatoires et anti-obésité de nouvelles souches probiotiques dans les produits laitiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26057.
Full textChronic Inflammation can play an important role in the development of the pathogenesis related with obesity. It has been demonstrated that some probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) can prevent obesity and inflammation by reducing the liberation of LPS by intestinal epithelial cell. Probiotic have reduced adipose cells weight (size) by decrease the liberation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α). No dairy product containing anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity probiotics are currently available in North America. The viability of probiotic is important during the manufacture and the storage of dairy product since cheese (50 g) and yogurt (100 g) must contain at least 109 colony forming unity (cfu) of the specific probiotic strain with health claims. This study focuses on the viability and technological, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties of new probiotic strains in low-fat yogurt and Cheddar cheese. To obtain a good viability, it is important to select the best combination of thermophilic strains to constitute a yogurt starter or Lactococcus strains to constitute a cheese starter to be compatible with probiotics. Bifidobacteria strains had more difficult to maintain a target population of 109 bacteria per serving cheese or yogurt than lactobacilli strains. Among five probiotic candidates, Bifidobacteria animalis ssp. lactis Bf141 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb102 have demonstrated the best anti-obesity and technological properties in dairy products. The both probiotic strains survived to the gastrointestinal passage. The reduction of body weight gain and white adipose tissue of mice was more important with probiotics milks than milk without probiotic. Weight reduction was greater with Bf141 strain. The anti-obesity effect was greater with milks than with yogurts. Milk was therefore a better vector than yogurt for probiotic bacteria with anti-obesity effect.
Bats, Isabelle. "Les produits solaires ou comment bronzer sans risque ?" Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P061.
Full textDuplessis, Mélissa. "Impact d'un supplément combiné d'acide folique et de vitamine B₁₂ en période prépartum et en début de la lactation chez la vache laitière." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25373.
Full textLes objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer les effets d’un supplément combiné d’acide folique et de vitamine B12 sur les performances zootechniques en fermes laitières (première étude) et sur la cinétique du glucose en début de lactation (deuxième étude). Les traitements suivants ont été donnés par injections intramusculaires hebdomadaires de trois semaines avant le vêlage jusqu’à huit ou neuf semaines postpartum : pour la première étude 1) saline ou 2) acide folique et vitamine B12 et pour la deuxième étude 1) saline; 2) acide folique; 3) vitamine B12; ou 4) acide folique et vitamine B12. Pour la première étude, 805 vaches dans 15 troupeaux ont été impliquées. L’incidence de dystocie a été plus basse et la première insémination postpartum a eu lieu plus tôt pour les vaches multipares recevant le supplément que pour les vaches multipares ne le recevant pas. Le supplément n’a pas eu d’effet sur la production laitière. Toutefois, la concentration en gras du lait a diminué et celle en protéines a augmenté pour les vaches recevant le supplément. De plus, ces vaches ont perdu moins de poids corporel en début de lactation suggérant un effet du supplément sur la répartition de l’énergie. L’analyse économique a indiqué que ce supplément a été rentable pour la moitié des fermes à l’étude. Le supplément a augmenté la concentration en vitamine B12 du lait dans tous les troupeaux. Pour la deuxième étude, 24 vaches multipares ont été utilisées. Les concentrations plasmatiques de folates et de vitamine B12 des animaux témoins étaient plus élevées que ce qui a été rapporté dans la littérature. Étonnamment, le supplément d’acide folique a diminué le taux d’apparition du glucose à la neuvième semaine postpartum. L’ingestion, la concentration en glycogène hépatique et le pourcentage de glucose synthétisé provenant du propionate étaient semblables entre les traitements. Les résultats de ces études indiquent que, sous certaines circonstances, les apports d’acide folique et de vitamine B12 par la microflore du rumen semblent adéquats pour optimiser les performances des vaches. Cependant, il n’existe actuellement aucun moyen de prédire les apports en ces vitamines pour l’animal selon la ration reçue.
The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the effects of a combined supplement of folic acid and vitamin B12 on performance in commercial dairy herds (first study) and on glucose kinetic in early lactation (second study). The following treatments were given by weekly intramuscular injections from three weeks before calving until eight or nine weeks postpartum: for the first study 1) saline or 2) folic acid and vitamin B12 and for the second study 1) saline; 2) folic acid; 3) vitamin B12 or; 4) folic acid and vitamin B12. For the first study, 805 cows in 15 herds were involved. The incidence of dystocia was lower and the first breeding postpartum occurred at an earlier time for multiparous cows receiving the vitamin supplement than for multiparous cows that did not. Vitamin supplement did not affect milk production. However, milk fat concentration decreased and milk protein concentration increased for dairy cows receiving the supplement. Moreover, these cows lost less body weight in early lactation suggesting an effect of the vitamin supplement on energy partitioning. The economic analysis showed that this supplement was profitable for half of the studied herds. The vitamin supplement increased vitamin B12 concentration in milk within each herd. For the second study, 24 multiparous cows were involved. Plasma concentrations of folates and vitamin B12 from controls were higher than previously reported in the literature. Surprisingly, the folic acid supplement decreased whole-body glucose rate of appearance at week nine postpartum. However, dry matter intake, liver glycogen concentration, and percentage of glucose synthesized from propionate were similar among treatments. Results from these two studies highlighted that, under some circumstances, supplies of folic acid and vitamin B12 from ruminal microflora seem to be adequate to optimize cow performance. However, it is not possible under the actual state of knowledge to predict supplies of these vitamins for the animal according to the diet.
Canovas, Michèle. "Influence du pool calcique intracellulaire sur la réponse inotrope des préparations myocardiques isolées soumises à l'adénosine." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T004.
Full textGhazi, Sara. "Détermination par méthode in vitro de l'efficacité de différents systèmes photoprotecteurs (vêtements, verres, produits solaires)." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6a98dc20-eb05-4f9b-b296-1a1ef63d6d78.
Full textAs the increase of photo induced skin cancers is a Public Health issue, it seemed important to review the efficacy of the different available photoprotective systems. Clothes constitute the simplest and the oldest mean of sun protection. However, the question of the photoprotection level arises. What is the photoprotective level of an adult wardrobe? Of a child one? How is a child protected during holidays, when he/she plays an outdoor sport, knowing that the solar exposure time will be several hours? We would Iike to answer these questions by measuring the photoprotective efficacy of clothes, using an in vitro method. , The in vivo process currently employed seems for us unethical. The method consists in irradiating the samples, then determining the percentage of transmitted radiation. It allows calculating an indicator of efficacy: the UV -Protection Factor (or UV-PF). UPF values obtained vary according to the type, color and thickness of the fabric. The inter est of superposition has been clearly demonstrated. The influence of washing on the level of photoprotection was assessed. The addition of UV filters in washing Iiquids does not seem relevant, meaning that the increase of the photoprotection measured with more UV filters is not higher than the data obtained when a cotton T-shirt is shrinked by washing. The environ mental impact of a massive use of those actives in detergents would be certainly considerable, but would not be associated with any additional benefits to humans. The study of glasses has also demonstrated that a broad photoprotective effect requires the association of different factors: an appropriate glass type, color and adequate thickness. The con cern of dermatologists is to recommend to their patients, particularly to young people, the best sunscreen, so we have sought to define what an "appropriate" sunscreen is. First of aIl, this is a cream where the value of determined SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is in adequacy with the value of claimed SPF. It turns out that ail branded creams do not meet this condition. Lndeed, we have demonstrated that bio-creams, containing only inorganic filters (Ti02 and/or ZnO), cannot achieve high levels of protection. Thus, an appropriate cream will be formulated with a mixture of organic and inorganic filters, covering the widest range of UV spectrum, and it will not contain ingredients such as alcohol. This work enabled us to quantify the efficacy of different photoprotective systems, which are complementary and must be used, as often as possible, together
Arfaoui, Leila, and Leila Arfaoui. "Compréhension des effets des propriétés intrinsèques des exopolysaccharides produits «in situ» seuls ou en présence de polysaccharides commerciaux sur la microstructure et les propriétés rhéologiques du yogourt ferme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25196.
Full textLes bactéries productrices d’exopolysaccharides (EPS) sont utilisées dans la fabrication du yogourt pour améliorer la viscosité, la texture et la rétention d’eau. Ces améliorations sont plutôt reliées aux propriétés intrinsèques des EPS et à leurs interactions avec les protéines qu'à leurs quantités. Dans plusieurs pays, les polysaccharides commerciaux (PS) sont autorisés comme agents stabilisants dans le yogourt. Les interactions EPS-PS peuvent aussi influencer positivement ou négativement les propriétés finales des yogourts. Malgré plusieurs études réalisées, la relation structure-fonction des EPS particulièrement dans les systèmes avec stabilisants a été peu étudiée et n’est pas entièrement comprise. Même les études portant sur le rôle de certaines propriétés intrinsèques des EPS ont été effectuées dans un système ne contenant que l'EPS. Les effets des EPS dans un système contenant des PS commerciaux sont encore non étudiés et donc inconnus. Ainsi, cette étude a été menée dans le but de mieux comprendre les effets de certaines propriétés intrinsèques des EPS produits in situ seuls ou en présence des PS commerciaux sur les propriétés rhéologiques, physiques et microstructurales du yogourt. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que la charge négative de l'EPS ou PS contribue à l'amélioration de la fermeté et de la viscosité du yogourt mais augmente la synérèse. La rigidité, la linéarité et le poids moléculaire d'un EPS ou PS ont augmenté nettement la viscosité. Concernant la synérèse, les EPS ou PS neutres et rigides ont permis une très bonne amélioration de la capacité de rétention d'eau du yogourt par rapport au contrôle. Les résultats des PS utilisés avec la souche produisant un EPS anionique, rigide et linéaire n'ont pas montré d'effets majeurs sur la fermeté et la viscosité tandis qu’une diminution de la synérèse a été observée avec la pectine seulement. Une amélioration de la fermeté et de la viscosité a été observée lorsque les PS ont été utilisés avec les souches produisant des EPS neutres. L'amélioration de la viscosité était notamment plus importante avec les PS rigides. Les résultats de cette thèse ont rapporté, pour la première fois, des effets intéressants de certaines propriétés intrinsèques des EPS et/ou PS aussi bien dans la formation du gel laitier que sur les propriétés finales du yogourt. Ces résultats offrent aussi aux industriels et chercheurs laitiers des prémisses permettant de choisir les souches EPS+ et/ou PS afin de corriger ou améliorer une ou plusieurs propriétés spécifiques du yogourt.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) are widely used in yogurt to improve viscosity, texture and water retention capacity. These improvements were shown to be related to the intrinsic properties of EPS and their interactions with proteins rather than to their concentration. Additionally, in many countries, commercial PS are used as stabilizers in yogurt. The co-presence of in situ-produced EPS and PS could also positively or negatively influence the properties of yogurt. Up to now, the structure-function relationship of EPS has not been widely studied and is still poorly understood. This context is more challenging since all studies on the role of some intrinsic properties of EPS have been carried out in systems containing only EPS. The effects of EPS in a system containing commercial PS are still unknown. In this context this study was performed to understand the effects of some intrinsic properties of EPS produced in situ by lactic acid bacteria used alone or in the presence of commercial PS on the rheological (gel formation, firmness and viscosity), physical (syneresis) and microstructural properties of yogurt. The results obtained in this study showed that the negative charge of the PS or EPS contributed to both yogurt firmness and viscosity improvements but increased syneresis. The backbone stiffness and linearity as well as the molecular weight of PS or EPS increased yogurt viscosity. Moreover, the neutral and stiff EPS or PS were able to improve yogurt water retention capacity as compared to control. The use of PS with an anionic, rigid and linear EPS producing strain, did not show major effects on both yogurt firmness and viscosity. However, only pectin was able to improve water retention capacity. The addition of PS to yogurt fermented by neutral EPS-producing strains improved viscosity and firmness. The highest viscosity values were obtained with stiff PS. Results of this thesis reported for the first time interesting effects of some EPS and/or PS intrinsic properties in both gel formation and final yogurt properties. Such results would also help dairy manufacturers and researchers to choose the suitable EPS+ strain/PS combination to correct or improve specific properties of yogurt.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) are widely used in yogurt to improve viscosity, texture and water retention capacity. These improvements were shown to be related to the intrinsic properties of EPS and their interactions with proteins rather than to their concentration. Additionally, in many countries, commercial PS are used as stabilizers in yogurt. The co-presence of in situ-produced EPS and PS could also positively or negatively influence the properties of yogurt. Up to now, the structure-function relationship of EPS has not been widely studied and is still poorly understood. This context is more challenging since all studies on the role of some intrinsic properties of EPS have been carried out in systems containing only EPS. The effects of EPS in a system containing commercial PS are still unknown. In this context this study was performed to understand the effects of some intrinsic properties of EPS produced in situ by lactic acid bacteria used alone or in the presence of commercial PS on the rheological (gel formation, firmness and viscosity), physical (syneresis) and microstructural properties of yogurt. The results obtained in this study showed that the negative charge of the PS or EPS contributed to both yogurt firmness and viscosity improvements but increased syneresis. The backbone stiffness and linearity as well as the molecular weight of PS or EPS increased yogurt viscosity. Moreover, the neutral and stiff EPS or PS were able to improve yogurt water retention capacity as compared to control. The use of PS with an anionic, rigid and linear EPS producing strain, did not show major effects on both yogurt firmness and viscosity. However, only pectin was able to improve water retention capacity. The addition of PS to yogurt fermented by neutral EPS-producing strains improved viscosity and firmness. The highest viscosity values were obtained with stiff PS. Results of this thesis reported for the first time interesting effects of some EPS and/or PS intrinsic properties in both gel formation and final yogurt properties. Such results would also help dairy manufacturers and researchers to choose the suitable EPS+ strain/PS combination to correct or improve specific properties of yogurt.
Jedidi, Hajer. "Potentiel prébiotique des acides linoléiques conjugués d'origine laitière : analyse in vitro et effets sur l'écosystème gastro-intestinal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26101.
Full textConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have attracted a lot of interest because of their beneficial effects on health. One hypothesis that could explain the link between the consumption of CLA and the claimed beneficial effects relies to the close interactions between CLA and the human colonic microiota. This study aims to investigate the bioaccessibility of CLA and other fatty acids (FA) of dairy origin during gastrointestinal transit by using different in vitro innovative models. It also aims to evaluate the prebiotic potential of these FA and their impact on the balance of the digestive ecosystem. Fortified milks naturally enriched with cis-9, trans-11 18: 2 (c9 t11 18:2) or by emulsifying two synthetic CLA isomers in the forms of triglycerides or free fatty acid were prepared and used. The milk samples were standardized to 1 and 3.25% fat. An in vitro model reproducing the distal part of the digestive tract has been used for the bioaccessibility study of FA in the digestive tract while a continuous colonic fermentation model with immobilized colonic microbiota was used to study the effect different FA on the balance of the colonic microbiota. Our results showed that the bioaccessibility of FA is highly variable and depends on the length of the FA, the presence of double bonds and the percentage of fat. In general, the absorption was more effective in the presence of 1% fat. Furthermore, the effects of milk CLA after gastrointestinal digestion on the survival and growth of different probiotic strains has shown that Bifidobacteria were not affected by any of the treatments, while a stimulation of growth of Lactobacilli was observed with synthetic FA at 1% MG. Digested milk containing 3.25% fat seems to lead to a mixture of residual fatty acid exhibiting a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on Lactobacilli. Finally, the study of the impact of CLA and milk FA did not inducu any significant changes in the microbiota equilibrium. However, some bacterial groups such as bifidobacteria were stimulated. Regarding metabolic activity, we noted a production of oleic acid, vaccenic acid, stearic acid, cis 9, trans-11 18: 2 and trans-10, cis -12 18: 2 which was concomitant with a consumption of linoleic acid.
Ouellet, Véronique, and Véronique Ouellet. "Le stress de chaleur chez la vache laitière : effets sur les performances de production des troupeaux laitiers québécois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37553.
Full textL’objectif des travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse étaient de fournir de l’information concernant les impacts du stress de chaleur dans les troupeaux laitiers québécois. Le programme de recherche présenté a été conçu en prenant en considération le climat de la province et l’unicité du contexte de production canadien. La relation entre les conditions climatiques mesurées dans six étables laitières québécoises et celles mesurées à des stations météorologiques a d’abord été investiguée. L’objectif était de vérifier si les données collectées aux stations météorologiques pouvaient servir de substitut aux données des étables afin de juger adéquatement du niveau de stress de chaleur des animaux. Les résultats ont démontré que la température ambiante mesurée à l’intérieur des étables était significativement (P < 0,001) plus élevée que celle mesurée aux stations météorologiques alors que le contraire a été observé pour l’humidité relative. Ultimement, cela s’est traduit par un indice de température-humidité (ITH) significativement moins élevé de 4,6 unités dans l’Est du Québec et de 3,7 unités dans le Sud-Ouest du Québec lorsque les données des stations météorologiques sont utilisées au lieu des données des étables dans les calculs d’ITH. Finalement, l’adaptation du calcul d’ITH en substituant les conditions moyennes des stations météorologiques par la température maximale et l’humidité relative minimale a permis une meilleure représentation des conditions de l’étable. Néanmoins, une différence significative (P < 0,05) a été mesurée entre l’ITH modifié et l’ITH de l’étable. À la lumière de ces résultats, il est recommandé d’adapter les seuils d’ITH associés aux impacts négatifs du stress de chaleur lorsque les données environnementales dérivées des stations météorologiques sont utilisées. Dans le deuxième projet, la relation entre les performances de production et la durée des épidoes de stress de chaleur a été caractérisée grâce à un modèle multivarié. Pour ce faire, une banque de données incluant plus de 600 000 contrôles de production de 34 360 vaches a été utilisée et bonifiée de données environnementales exprimées sous forme d’ITH estimé à partir de la station météorolgique la plus près. Tout d’abord, les régressions linéaires effectuées ont révélé qu’il existe un délai de 24 heures entre un stress de chaleur et les impacts négatifs qui lui sont associés. Les résultats ont aussi suggéré que le stress de chaleur avait un effet persistent de huit jours sur les performances de production. Des pertes de production de 20 g de gras suite à une exposition d’un à deux jours de stress de chaleur et des pertes de protéines variant de 20 à 30 g selon la parité de l’animal ont été mesurées après trois ou quatre jours de stress de chaleur. Toutefois, aucune relation (P > 0,05) n’a été mesurée entre les productions de lait et de lactose et la durée des épisodes de stress de chaleur. Dans la troisième étude, les performances de production des vaches de la banque de données décrite précédemment ont été simulées pendant une période de référence (REF : 1971‒2000) et projetées pendant deux horizons futurs (FUT1: 2020‒2049; FL: 2050‒2079). L’objectif était de caractériser l’évolution des diminutions des composants laitiers associées au stress de chaleur et d’en chiffrer l’impact économique. Tout d’abord, les ITH quotidiens des trois périodes temporelles ont été calculés grâce aux données environnementales dérivées de six scénarios climatiques. Ensuite, le modèle élaboré dans la précédente étude a été adapté afin de projeter les performances de production des vaches pour les trois périodes mentionnées. Globalement, les scénarios climatiques utilisés dans cette étude ont démontré que la fréquence, l’intensité ainsi que la durée des épisodes de stress de chaleur pourront augmenter dans le FUT1 et dans le FL comparativement à la période de référence. Dans la région de l’Est du Québec, des pertes moyennes de gras et de protéines de 2405 ± 10 et de 1990 ± 7 kg/année par troupeau ont respectivement été projetées dans le FUT1 comparativement à REF. Dans la région du Sud-Ouest du Québec, des pertes moyennes de gras et de protéines de 2361 ± 147 et de 2057 ± 17 kg/année par troupeau ont respectivement été projetées dans le FUT1 comparativement à REF. Comparativement à REF, les diminutions projetées dans le futur (FUT1 et FL) se sont traduites par des pertes économiques moyennes allant de 5,02 à 7,07 can$/hl dans les troupeaux de l’Est du Québec et allant de 4,75 à 6,99 can$/hl dans les troupeaux du Sud-Ouest du Québec.
The main objective of this thesis was to provide information about heat stress related production impacts in Québec dairy herds. The relationship between on-farm summer environmental conditions and data retrieved from local meteorological stations was first investigated on six dairy farms. Secondly, the relationship between measurements previously established was considered in order to verify if temperature-humidity index (THI) calculations with weather station data could be adapted to better represent on-farm conditions. The farms recruited in the study were located in two contrasting dairy regions of the Province: East (EQ) and Southwest Quebec (SWQ). Our results showed that in both regions ambient temperature (AT) was consistently higher (P < 0.001) on-farm compared to AT measured at the weather station. The opposite was observed with relative humidity (RH), as it was significantly lower on-farm in EQ and numerically (P > 0.05) lower in SWQ compared to RH extracted from weather stations. Overall, this led to lower (P < 0.001) THI by 4.6 and 3.7 units at the weather stations compared to within-barn conditions for EQ and SWQ farms, respectively. Hence, using local meteorological station data to estimate on-farm conditions would lead to an underestimation of heat stress level in dairy cows. Adapting THI calculations by including daily maximum AT, and minimum RH retrieved from local weather station instead of their average counterparts led to a better estimation of within-barn conditions. However, difference between THI measured on-farm compared to the adapted THI calculated with weather station data remained significant. Although the adaption allowed for a closer relation to on-farm conditions, THI calculated with weather station data should only be used to gauge heat stress level in cows when heat stress thresholds are adapted for such data. In a second study, the relationship between milk performance and the cumulative number of days with heat stress was investigated with a multivariate model. A 6-year dataset containing 606,031 milk analysis records for 34,360 Holstein dairy cows at different parities was matched with the corresponding daily maximum THI. On average, cows were exposed to heat stress conditions for 135.8 ± 5.9 days per year in SWQ and 95.3 ± 10.2 days per year in EQ. Cows experiencing heat-stress conditions produced on average less fat, protein, and energy-corrected milk and lower fat and protein concentrations (P < 0.05). The decrease in milk fat reached a maximum of 6 % after an exposure of 7 to 8 heat stress days in cows at parity of three or more. The association between heat stress exposition duration and milk and lactose yields was weak (P > 0.05). Ultimately, heat stress lowered milk fat and protein production but had little effect on milk volume output. Further research is necessary to understand better the mechanism underlying the effects of sporadic low-to-medium-intensity heat stress on dairy productivity. The objective of the third study was to project milk performance of Holstein dairy cows under different climate scenarios through a reference period (REF: 1971–2000), near future (NF: 2020–2049) and distant future (DF: 2050–2079) using a predictive multivariate model. Moreover, this study provided information about the evolution of economic losses due to decreases in milk components associated with heat stress in Québec, Canada. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were derived from six climate scenarios in order to calculate daily THI through REF, NF and DF. Secondly, the model developed in the prior study was adapted to project annual milk performance of 71 dairy herds located in EQ and SWQ during the three aforementioned time horizons. Under NF climate conditions and relative to the reference period, projected fat and protein yields declined respectively by 2405 ± 10 and by 1990 ± 7 kg/yr per herd in EQ whereas decreases reached 2361 ± 147 and 2057 ± 17 kg/yr per herd in SWQ. Relative to the reference period, decreases in major milk components reached a maximum during DF in both regions. Ultimately, projected milk components declines resulted in average economic losses ranging from 5.02 to 7.07 can$/hL per EQ herds and from 4.75 to 6.99 can$/hL per SWQ herds.
The main objective of this thesis was to provide information about heat stress related production impacts in Québec dairy herds. The relationship between on-farm summer environmental conditions and data retrieved from local meteorological stations was first investigated on six dairy farms. Secondly, the relationship between measurements previously established was considered in order to verify if temperature-humidity index (THI) calculations with weather station data could be adapted to better represent on-farm conditions. The farms recruited in the study were located in two contrasting dairy regions of the Province: East (EQ) and Southwest Quebec (SWQ). Our results showed that in both regions ambient temperature (AT) was consistently higher (P < 0.001) on-farm compared to AT measured at the weather station. The opposite was observed with relative humidity (RH), as it was significantly lower on-farm in EQ and numerically (P > 0.05) lower in SWQ compared to RH extracted from weather stations. Overall, this led to lower (P < 0.001) THI by 4.6 and 3.7 units at the weather stations compared to within-barn conditions for EQ and SWQ farms, respectively. Hence, using local meteorological station data to estimate on-farm conditions would lead to an underestimation of heat stress level in dairy cows. Adapting THI calculations by including daily maximum AT, and minimum RH retrieved from local weather station instead of their average counterparts led to a better estimation of within-barn conditions. However, difference between THI measured on-farm compared to the adapted THI calculated with weather station data remained significant. Although the adaption allowed for a closer relation to on-farm conditions, THI calculated with weather station data should only be used to gauge heat stress level in cows when heat stress thresholds are adapted for such data. In a second study, the relationship between milk performance and the cumulative number of days with heat stress was investigated with a multivariate model. A 6-year dataset containing 606,031 milk analysis records for 34,360 Holstein dairy cows at different parities was matched with the corresponding daily maximum THI. On average, cows were exposed to heat stress conditions for 135.8 ± 5.9 days per year in SWQ and 95.3 ± 10.2 days per year in EQ. Cows experiencing heat-stress conditions produced on average less fat, protein, and energy-corrected milk and lower fat and protein concentrations (P < 0.05). The decrease in milk fat reached a maximum of 6 % after an exposure of 7 to 8 heat stress days in cows at parity of three or more. The association between heat stress exposition duration and milk and lactose yields was weak (P > 0.05). Ultimately, heat stress lowered milk fat and protein production but had little effect on milk volume output. Further research is necessary to understand better the mechanism underlying the effects of sporadic low-to-medium-intensity heat stress on dairy productivity. The objective of the third study was to project milk performance of Holstein dairy cows under different climate scenarios through a reference period (REF: 1971–2000), near future (NF: 2020–2049) and distant future (DF: 2050–2079) using a predictive multivariate model. Moreover, this study provided information about the evolution of economic losses due to decreases in milk components associated with heat stress in Québec, Canada. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were derived from six climate scenarios in order to calculate daily THI through REF, NF and DF. Secondly, the model developed in the prior study was adapted to project annual milk performance of 71 dairy herds located in EQ and SWQ during the three aforementioned time horizons. Under NF climate conditions and relative to the reference period, projected fat and protein yields declined respectively by 2405 ± 10 and by 1990 ± 7 kg/yr per herd in EQ whereas decreases reached 2361 ± 147 and 2057 ± 17 kg/yr per herd in SWQ. Relative to the reference period, decreases in major milk components reached a maximum during DF in both regions. Ultimately, projected milk components declines resulted in average economic losses ranging from 5.02 to 7.07 can$/hL per EQ herds and from 4.75 to 6.99 can$/hL per SWQ herds.
Pichard, Patrick. "Effets des protéines de différents produits laitiers sur les concentrations sériques du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines chez le rat : valeur nutritionnelle de ces protéines laitières." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F095.
Full textGhaemialehashemi, Seyedrocknaldin. "Effet d'injections hebdomadaires d'un combiné d'acide folique et de vitamine B12 sur la reprise de l'activité ovarienne postpartum chez les vaches laitières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30128/30128.pdf.
Full textChoquenet, Benjamin. "Mise en place de protocoles in vitro pour la détermination de l'efficacité de produits solaires : valorisation de molécules d'intérêt." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=e2789748-bd8c-4bcc-89d9-52cb0db0330b.
Full textThe in vivo methods used for the efficacy determination of sun products may cause various problems: they are not easy to realized, expensive, non-ethical. My experimental work consisted in developing in vitro protocols to determine the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and the Protection Factor UVA (PF-UVA) of sun products, in order to replace the existing in vivo protocols. Thus, two methods have been developed: at first, a technique allowing to determine the efficacy of sun products in two galenic forms, sticks and powders; then, a protocol which permit to measure the water resistance of sun products. Furthermore, highly protective products were realized. They could be used as in vitro or in vivo standards. Then, the anti-solar efficacy of different natural extracts and molecules was determined. Some flavonoids, combined to inorganic filters, had enabled us to formulate emulsions presenting high protective factors throughout the UV spectrum. These molecules might replace the most questionable UV filters
Mendes-Plogin, Anne. "Effets vasorelaxants de substances polyphénoliques et du resvératrol sur l'aorte isolée de rat." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28899.
Full textJacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123/document.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Fauteux, Marie-Christine. "Évaluation de l'effet d'apports de caroténoïdes de la luzerne déshydratée sur son transfert dans les sécrétions lactées et la stabilité oxydative des matières grasses du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30618/30618.pdf.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Saint-Laurent, Julie. "Atteinte des voies respiratoires par différents irritants chimiques et environnementaux : Étude de l'influence du tabac et du chlore sur la muqueuse bronchique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26087/26087.pdf.
Full textBonnin, Emmanuel. "Dosage de la nicotine et de la cotinine dans les cheveux : intérêt et application." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P055.
Full textCherif, Chirine. "Valorisation de la gourgane (Vicia faba L. major cultivar Baie-St-Paul) dans l'alimentation de la vache laitière : effets sur l'utilisation de l'azote, le méthane d'origine entérique et les performances zootechniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34003.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) and corn grain with ground or rolled faba bean (FB) on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, N utilization, methane production and milk performance. Nine Holstein cows (120 days of milk) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design (35-d period). The experimental treatments were: 1) Total mixed ration (TMR) containing SBM (control), 2) TMR containing rolled FB and 3) TMR containing ground FB. SBM and corn grain were completely and partially replaced (17% of diet DM), respectively, with either rolled or ground FB, on an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis. After 14-d days of adaptation to the experimental diets, feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics (including protozoa enumeration), in saccoruminal degradability, apparent total-tract digestibility, N excretion, milk performance (production and composition), and CH4 production were measured. Including FB in the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition. Experimental treatment had no effect on total VFA concentration, acetate:propionate ratio and protozoanumbers. Compared with cows fed the control diet, ruminal NH3 concentration increased and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB and rolled FB, respectively. However, there was no difference in ruminal NH3 concentration between the two processed FB. Apparent total-tract digestibility of crude protein was similar between cows fed the control diet and cows fed rolled FB and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB compared with cows fed the control diet. Urinary and manure (feces + urine) N excretion (g/d or as a proportion of N intake) were not affected by the inclusion of FB in the diet. Enteric CH4 production was similar among the experimental diets. In conclusion, this study showed that including FB (17% of dietary DM) at the expense of SBM and corn grain in the diet had no effect on milk production, N excretion and enteric CH4 production of dairy cows.
Gagnon, Annie. "L'effet d'un supplément combiné d'acide folique et de vitamine B12 sur le follicule dominant ovarien chez la vache laitière en période de postpartum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29472/29472.pdf.
Full textDumont, Valérie. "Développement de méthodes de dosage et de caractérisation de sphingolipides végétaux et microbiens." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT020G.
Full textBullard, Julie. "Interactions de bactéries lactiques productrices d'exoploysaccharides et effets sur les propriétés rhéologiques du yogourt." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28748/28748.pdf.
Full textChervin, Christian. "Effets de l'ionisation et du protoxyde d'azote sur la respiration de carottes rapées : amélioration de la conservation de produits de 4ème gamme." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT018A.
Full textMartineau, Roger. "Impact du mode de conservation des fourrages sur le métabolisme protéique chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24202/24202.pdf.
Full textDufour-Delachaux, Sylvie. "De la nouvelle génération des formes cosmétiques ou le défi de la dermocosmétologie moderne." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P020.
Full textMathias, Christine. "Mise en évidence de l'induction enzymatique hépatocytaire : aspects méthodologiques et application pratique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20020.
Full textLeymarie, Marie-Bénédicte. "Pourquoi et comment lutte-t-on contre les radicaux libres en dermo-cosmétologie ?" Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P035.
Full textLauga, Francis. "De la mer au cœur." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P102.
Full textAhmed, Serge. "Bases associatives et non associatives de la sensibilisation aux drogues psychostimulantes." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28388.
Full textLaforgue, Muriel. "Méfaits du soleil sur la peau : prévention par la photoprotection." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P022.
Full textMagnin, Christelle. "L'érythème solaire et les préparations après-soleil." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P063.
Full textNocera, Thérèse. "Urticaire solaire : un nouveau modèle de détermination du coefficient de protection solaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11032.
Full textMichelon, Damien. "Compréhension et caractérisation des mécanismes physiologiques impliqués dans l'activité réductrice de Lactococcus Lactis." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS014.
Full textAmong the Lactic Acid Bacteria, Lactococcus lactis is the most used in cheese making. Nowadays, starters are used mainly for their acidifying, proteolytic and flavor properties. Another important parameter is the redox potential (Eh). Indeed, reducing Eh is often related to good flavor properties. The reducing activity of L.lactis should be therefore a new parameter to take into account in the monitoring of Eh during dairy fermented products making. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the reducing activity of L.lactis are still unknown. The aim of this work was to understand them. First of all, we have developed tetrazolium salts agar plate media in order to screen a random bank of mutants of L. lactis on their redox capacities. These media allowed us to demonstrate the partial implication of the electron transport chain (Menaquinone) in the reducing activities of L. lactis. Secondly, we have determined the biochemical compounds involved in the decrease of Eh to very reducing values thanks to a biochemical approach. Exofacial thiol groups are mainly responsible for the reducing Eh reached by L.lactis. Lastly, a proteomical analysis using a specific staining of thiols surface proteins revealed the presence of about ten proteins displaying thiols exofacials groups. These proteins might be involved in the reducing activity of L.lactis. Thiols are known to be very strong antioxidants which confer to L. lactis an additional interest to consider in dairy products making
Aubert, Christophe. "Influence de traitements fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse de l'ergostérol sur le potentiel aromatique du raisin Muscat d'Alexandrie, de la pomme Golden delicious et des produits dérivés." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20139.
Full textPetitjean, Adeline. "Approches biométrologiques de l'éclat du teint." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0005.
Full textL'éclat du teint est une réalité que tout le monde appréhende, mais qu'il est difficile de décrire ; pourtant, de plus en plus de produits cosmétiques mis sur le marché revendiquent cette indication. Il est le reflet de notre état de santé, du fonctionnement de notre organisme. Il joue un rôle physiologique et social de premier plan. La liste des paramètres qui le constituent est difficile à établir et les méthodes d'évaluation in vivo de l'éclat du teint manquent encore à ce jour. - L'objectif de ce travail était de comprendre l'éclat du teint. Il semble dépendre du pouvoir réfléchissant de la peau. L'aspect brillant de la peau est dû à la réflexion spéculaire (elle-même influencée par la texture de la peau) alors que la couleur est due à la rétrodiffusion, qui dépend majoritairement de la concentration des différents pigments et de leur distribution (mélanine et hémoglobine). Ainsi la couleur cutanée est influencée par la microcirculation. Il apparaît évident que la notion d'éclat du teint est très complexe et d'origine multifactorielle. Ce mélange pondéré de la texture, de la brillance, de la microcirculation et de la couleur, est probablement influencé par d'autres facteurs psychologiques tels que la joie, la tristesse, la fatigue. . . - [ Travaux et résultats :] Dans un premier temps, pour évaluer la quantité de lumière réfléchie (brillance), nous avons validé un nouvel outil développé au sein de notre laboratoire. Nous avons montré que cet outil est répétable et reproductible dans le temps pour deux paramètres. L'un dépend de la texture de la peau et l'autre de la brillance de la peau. Il est aussi sensible et spécifique. Ainsi, cet appareil est satisfaisant pour suivre l'évolution de l'éclat du teint au niveau du front et de la pommette, et pour réaliser une classification (terne ou éclatant) au niveau du front. - Dans une application physiologique, nous nous sommes intéressée à un facteur susceptible d'altérer l'éclat du teint : le tabac. Puis dans une application cosmétique, nous avons étudié le potentiel d'amélioration de cet éclat par une famille de peptides. Nous avons étudié : les effets cutanés du tabagisme et de ses principes actifs sur le microrelief (projection de franges) ; la microcirculation (vidéocapillaroscopie) ; la couleur (Chromamètre®) ; la brillance, à l'aide d'un nouveau système développé par notre laboratoire, mesurant la quantité de lumière réfléchie par la peau ; l'hydratation (Cornéomètre®) ; le taux de sébum (Sébumètre®). Des techniques de biologie ont aussi été utilisées pour comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu par les principes actifs pour leur efficacité in vivo. - Nous nous sommes intéressée aux fibroblastes (prépuce), cellules responsables de la synthèse et de l'entretien des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié leur activité de synthèse via l'étude du collagène de type l et III, leur capacité de rétraction, certains récepteurs - les intégrines α2β1 - lesquels lient le collagène de type l avec une forte affinité et ainsi jouent un rôle clé dans la migration des fibroblastes à l'intérieur du derme. - Nous avons mis en évidence que le tabagisme chronique aggrave le microrelief, diminue le taux de sébum et diminue le nombre de boucles capillaires visibles. Cette étude renforce l'idée que fumer est un facteur de vieillissement prématuré de la peau. Ainsi, nous pouvons conclure que le tabac altère l'éclat du teint en diminuant la réflexion de la lumière, la brillance et la rétrodiffusion de la lumière. - Nous avons mis en évidence que quatre principes actifs améliorent l'état de surface de la peau en ayant un effet lissant : l'un par un effet filmogène, les trois autres par une augmentation du taux de collagène I. Pour la brillance, seul un des principes actifs réduit la quantité de lumière diffusée et augmente la quantité de lumière réfléchie (mais de façon non significative). - Au niveau microcirculatoire, seul un des principes actifs a inhibé l'augmentation observée de la vascularisation avec l'excipient. Nous pouvons suggérer qu'une diminution de la vascularisation améliore le teint en maintenant un teint homogène et en luttant contre les effets du vieillissement. Ainsi, tel principe actif tend à inhiber les effets microcirculatoires du vieillissement et à améliorer le teint. Nous n'avons pas mis en évidence d'efficacité sur les autres paramètres étudiés. - [ Conclusion : ] Ce travail a permis de mieux appréhender les paramètres intervenants dans l'éclat du teint et il témoigne de sa complexité. Ces résultats suggèrent que la texture de la peau joue un rôle important dans l'éclat du teint
This work has helped to identify the parameters which participate in the skin radiance and has revealed its complexity: multifactorial sources (texture, brightness, rnicrocirculation, colour, happiness, sadness, tiredness. . . ). - By biometrological assessment, we demonstrated that smoking alters the skin radian ce by reducing the brightness, the light reflection (worsening the microreIief) and the light retrodiffusion. We showed that the four active principles improve the skin radiance by a smoothing effect. Only one of the actives improves brightness. With regard to microcirculation, only one of the active princip les inhibited the increase of the vascularisation with the excipient. It seems that reduced vascularisation improves the skin radiance by keeping it homogeneous and fighting the effects of aging. The results suggest that the skin texture is a capital eIement in the skin radiance
Muccillo, Baisch Ana Luiza. "Etude du rôle modulateur du monoxyde d'azote sur la vasomotricité du lit mésentérique perfusé de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28311.
Full textThe object of this work, is to evaluate the role of NO in the control of rat mesenteric perfused bed vasomotricity. In the first part the role of endothelial NO on basal vascular tone and muscarinic agonist-induced valodilation was investigated. Results suggest that NO was not involved in the control of basal tone but it is only involved in the second phase of muscarinic agonist-induced vasodilation. In the second part the mecanisms of vasodilation induced by transmural electric stimulation was investigated. Our results suggest that NO play an inhibitory role on sensorial nerve-induced vasodilation. Moreover other results suggest that vasodilation is mediated by NANC nerve stimulation. Hypothesis of nitroxidergic nerve was discussed
Pousset, Florence. "Expression des cytokines dans le cortex et l'hippocampe de rat et régulation de leur expression dans les astrocytes hippocampiques par la sérotonine : approche moléculaire, amplification par la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28370.
Full textThomas, Valérie. "La photoprotection : arsenal actuel, essais cliniques, législation." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10066.
Full textMoufid-Bellancourt, Saadia. "Controle opioidergique de la palatabilité dans l'aire pontique du goût chez le rat normal et chez le rat porteur de lésions des neurones hypothalamiques latéraux : rôles respectifs des récepteurs mu Et kappa." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28454.
Full textTerrades, Sandrine. "L'utilisation des eaux thermales en cosmétologie (Avène, La Roche-Posay, Uriage)." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P101.
Full textGarcia, Liliana. "Régulation de la concentration intracellulaire de chlore : Rôle modulateur du chlore sur la conductance membranaire, le pHi et la sécrétion des cellules lactotropes de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28417.
Full textAkbache, Abdérrazak. "Transforming growth factor-β₂ dans le lait bovin : extraction, caractérisation et potentiel d'interaction : l'impact du chauffage sur la biodisponibilité et l'extraction du TGF-β₂ dans les ingrédients produits par systèmes membranaire, et leur potentiel d'interaction avec les protéines du lait." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21215.
Full textCario-André, Muriel. "Rôle des mélanocytes dans l'unité épidermique de mélanisation reconstruite ex-vivo après une irradiation UV aiguë." Bordeaux 2, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194194.
Full textGrandpierre, Catherine Bergonier. "Immunogénicité et antigénicité de produits de substitution dans les intolérances aux protéines de lait de vache." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30271.
Full textBouchikhi, Bénattou. "Contribution à l'étude des conditions analytiques de réalisation de dosage des nitrates nitrites et des composés N-nitroses dans les produits fromagers : influence des nitrates sur la formation des N-nitrosamines volatiles et des composés N-nitroses totaux apparents dans les fromages." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10003.
Full textHanotel, Laurence. "Effets de l'ionisation sur le brunissement enzymatique de végétaux frais prédécoupés : Cas de l'endive (Cichorium intybus L.) et du champignon de Paris (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20036.
Full textPfister, Hugo. "Caractérisation des expositions professionnelles des éleveurs laitiers bretons : déterminants professionnels de l’exposition à la fraction thoracique des bioaérosols, à l’ammoniac et à l’acétaldéhyde, et effets inflammatoires des poussières organiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B046/document.
Full textDairy farmers have an increased risk of lower airway diseases that is likely related to occupational exposures to airborne contaminants. Nevertheless, occupational determinants of dairy farmers’ exposures remain poorly documented and the biological effects of the contaminants chronically inhaled by farmers need to be fully characterized. In this context, the objectives of this PhD thesis were i) to identify the occupational determinants of exposure to thoracic bio-aerosols (organic dusts, endotoxins, bacteria and moulds), ammonia and acetaldehyde, and ii) to characterize the pro-inflammatory effects of thoracic dusts emitted during the mechanical spreading of straw bedding, a task well-known to generate inhalable dusts. To achieve these goals, we carried out a 112-repeated exposure measurement campaign on 29 dairy farms located in Britany. Using multivariate mixed-effect regression models, we have demonstrated that farmers’ exposures to bio-aerosols were mainly induced by tasks related to bedding material distribution and cow feeding (straw, hay, silage). Exposure levels to ammonia were highly dependent on cow numbers and times spent by the farmers in stable and milking parlour. Acetaldehyde exposure was modulated according to the farm size and times spent to distribute silage. Our work also highlighted that an increase of the area of wall opening significantly reduced exposure to mould, acetaldehyde and ammonia. Finally, our study showed that dusts emitted during mechanical straw spreading have (1) a size small enough to allow them to deposit in the tracheobronchial regions, (2) a complex bacterial and fungal composition, and (3) strong in vitro pro-inflammatory effects that induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human macrophages. In conclusion, these results have identified different dairy farm characteristics and occupational tasks that significantly increased the exposure levels to chemical contaminants and thoracic organic dusts. Statistical models built during this research project already allow reconstitution of dairy farmers’ exposure that may of use in future epidemiological studies and to develop new preventive measures
Dallaire, Renée. "Exposition aux contaminants organiques et effets potentiels sur les fonctions thyroïdiennes chez la femme enceinte, le nouveau-né et l'adulte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20730.
Full textSeveral ubiquitous organic contaminants, some of which are increasing in the environnement, seem to possess thyroid-disrupting capacities. These effects are suspected to be the underlying causes of neurodevelopmental deficits in infants prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. The objectives of this project were 1) to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to environmental contaminants on circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in pregnant women, newborns and adult Inuit as well as 2) to quantify and identify determinants of exposure to emerging contaminants in the Nunavik Inuit population in 2004. Overall, results from newborns and pregnant women do not demonstrate clear associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and exposure to some persistent organic pollutants. However, negative associations between polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and circulating levels of thyroglobulin were observed in neonates. Furthermore, pentachlorophenol concentrations in pregnant women during their last trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with umbilical cord free T4 concentrations in newborns. In adults, exposure to a complex mixture of chlorinated compounds was related to a reduction in total T3 and thyroglobulin concentrations. Moreover, plasma concentrations of emerging contaminants such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were also associated with disruptions of thyroid parameters. In 2004, exposure levels of PFOS and PBDEs in Nunavik Inuit adults were lower compared to those observed in other North-American populations, but similar and higher respectively, to those reported among European populations. The increase of PFOS plasma concentrations with age as well as with fish and marine mammal consumption seems to indicate that this compound tends to persist and bioaccumulate in the food-web. Sources of exposure to PBDEs were not clearly identified in the framework of this study. However, traditional food consumption and Inuit lifestyle seem to protect against exposure to congener PBDE 47, one of the most prevalent in humans.