Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits naturels, synthèse totale'
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Cook, Cyril. "Synthèse totale de l'exiguolide." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112229.
Full textExiguolide is a macrolide isolated in 2006 from the marine sponge Geodia exigua. It specifically inhibits fertilization of sea urchin gametes but not embryogenesis of the fertilized eggs, which indicates a potential antiviral activity. Exiguolide is a 20-membered ring lactone fused with two 2,6-cis-disubstituted tetrahydropyran rings, one of which bears an exocyclic methoxycarbonylmethylidene appendage which is reminiscent of bryostatins, known antitumor compounds. The macrolactone also bears 7 asymmetric centers and an E,Z,E trienic system. Its absolute configuration was determined by the total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer ent-Exiguolide reported in 2008. The structure of Exiguolide displays a number of salient motifs rendering this challenging target quite seductive. Our retrosynthetic analysis is based on two highly diastereoselective key-reactions. A tandem Ru(II)-catalyzed ene-yne cross-coupling / oxo-Michaël addition reported by Trost that allows the synthesis of a tetrahydropyran ring controlling the geometry of its methylidene substituent. A conjugated nucleophilic substitution allows the introduction of a methyl group with chirality transfer. The bibliographic introduction displays the various methods of tetrahydropyran rings formation used in natural products syntheses. The first chapter contains the first approaches in the synthesis of Exiguolide and the second chapter displays the synthetic way that allowed achieving the total synthesis of Exiguolide
Walther, Alexandre. "Synthèse totale de la (-)-Ménisdaurine." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590454.
Full textCommeiras, Laurent. "Synthèse totale de terpènes isolés d'algues d'ordre Caulerpales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30063.
Full textAlgae order Caulerpales are known for their chemical defence against predators via terpenic toxins. Among toxins, metabolites having a diacetoxybutadiene moiety are presumed responsible for their biological activities. To understand their biological activities and to prepared labelled toxins, we have undertaken the first total synthesis of two metabolites: caulerpenyne and dihydrorhipocephaline. The first part of this work deals with the total synthesis of the caulerpenyne, the main toxin of Caulerpa taxifolia. It was carried out via the synthesis of another natural metabolite, the taxifolial A. Our strategy was based on the construction of three functionalised fragments which have been joined by various coupling reactions. Thus, (±)-taxifolial A was obtained, over 9 steps, in 16. 5 % overall yield, then (±)-caulerpenyne in 6 % overall yield. In a second part, using an analog strategy, the synthesis of (±)-dihydrorhipocephaline was achieved, over 7 steps, in 9 % overall yield. To confirm, by biological tests, the reactivity of diacetoxybutadiene moiety, a racemic then enantioselective synthesis, via enzymatic resolution step, of the two enantiomers of the furocaulerpine was exposed in a final chapter. Thus, (±)-furocaulerpine, (+)-furocaulerpine and (-)-rurocaulerpine were obtained in respectively 65 %, 15 % and 11 %
Felpin, François-Xavier. "Synthèse totale de produits naturels actifs sur le SNC : nouvelles stratégies en série tétrahydropyridinique et application en synthèse totale." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2019.
Full textSkiredj, Adam. "Accès facile à de nombreux squelettes originaux pour la biologie : Auto-assemblage biomimétique de structures polycycliques complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS176/document.
Full textThis work features various approaches of biomimetic organic syntheses. Biosynthetic considerations have been placed at the center of our analysis in order to define the synthetic plans and later to propose biosynthetic hypotheses.First, the skeleton of drimentines, hybrid alkaloids containing a sesquiterpenic unit, has been obtained by mimicking the main event of their postulated biosynthesis.In a wider study, the marine alkaloid family of the aplysinopsins has been treated with two total syntheses, of dictazole B and tubastrindole B, as well as a full bio-relevant aplysinopsins’ cascade and the application of DNA catalysis principles to the series.Finally, novel dereplication techniques relying on "molecular networking are currently tested on complex synthetic mixtures to merge one step total syntheses and diversity oriented synthesis
Hoffman, Thomas. "Méthodes sélectives pour la synthèse totale de produits naturels comportant des motifs azoles." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066173.
Full textGrayfer, Tatyana. "Synthèse totale de la mallotojaponine C et bromofonctionnalisations de polyprénoïdes initiées par l'iode(III) hypervalent." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS349/document.
Full textMalaria is a parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people in the world. The development of new antimalarial drugs is necessary in order to replace the existing treatments that are progressively becoming less efficient due to resistance phenomena. Natural products are an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the discovery of new drugs. In this project, we focused our attention on two natural products families exhibiting antimalarial properties: mallotojaponins and bromophycolides. In the first part of this project, we carried out the first total synthesis of mallotoajaponin C. We also synthesised a library of its analogues. All of these compounds were tested against Plasmodium falciparum responsible for malaria and against Trypanosoma brucei responsible for African sleeping sickness. We have confirmed the antimalarial activity of mallotojaponins and discovered their trypanocidal activity. In the second part of the project, we developed a chemodivergent and selective method of bromination of terpenes that could later be applied to the synthesis of bromophycolides. Using simple bromides and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents to generate electrophilic bromonium species in situ, we have shown that the reaction can be steered selectively towards the bromocarbocyclisation, the oxybromination or the dibromination of terpene chains. In all cases, the reactions are fast and easy to perform
Gomes, Filipe. "Substitutions homolytiques aromatiques catalysées par photoredox. Synthèse totale de la Marmycine A." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS039/document.
Full textThe part of my research work is dedicated to biaryl couplings mediated by visible-light photoredox catalysis. We have shown that the arylation of unactivated (hetero)arenes were possible with aryldiazonium salts via homolytic aromatic substitution processes. We developed a simple and convenient method to assemble biaryls with remarkable efficiency, low catalyst loadings and broad functional group tolerance. In parallel, I worked on the total synthesis of marmycin A. Isolated in 2007 by Fenical, marmycin A belongs to the angucyclin family and possesses antiproliferative and antibiotic properties. The proposed mode of action was to kill cancer cells by targeting DNA. Limited natural resources of marmycin A prompted us to achieve the first total synthesis of this compound. With marmycin A in hands, we carried out biological studies and we have discovered that it does not target DNA but instead accumulates in lysosomes and promotes cancer cells death by means of apoptosis
Ollivier, Jean. "Les cyclopropanols précurseurs de composés cyclopentaniques : application à la synthèse totale de produits naturels." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the synthetic applications of two peculiar cyclopropanols : l) The l-ethoxycyclopropanol, is converted into propargylic cyclopropanols upon treatment with acetylenic magnesium bromide or lithium. Hydride reduction and O-silylation lead to l-siloxy l-vinylcyclopropanes which undergo thermal C3 ---> C5 ring enlargement into l-siloxycyclopentenes ; then , these enol ethers are regiospecifically alkylated into 2, 3-disubstituted cyclopentanones. This scheme is illustrated by the total synthesis of ± ll-deoxyprostaglandin E₂ methyl ester. 2) The l-hydroxycyclopropanecarboxaldehyde tetrahydropyranyl and silylated ethers provide l-siloxy-l-vinylcyclopropanes which, after thermal rearrangement lead directly to 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones upon hydrolysis or dehydrosilylation, so avoiding the quite delicate enol ether alkylation. Dicranenones, new fatty acids structurally similar to prostanoids and jasmanoids, having antimicrobial activity, are prepared from this new synthon
Goncalves, Sylvie. "Cyclisation cationique 6-endo-Trig: Synthèse totale du Triptophénolide et synthèse formelle du Triptolide : développements de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GONCALVES_Sylvie_2010.pdf.
Full textMost of this thesis work dealt with the development of a new total synthesis of triptophenolide as well as a formal synthesis of triptolide, two natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological properties. (-)-Triptolide possesses, in particular, a promising anti-tumoral activity in the fight against cancer. The synthesis developed was based on a cationic 6-endo-Trig cyclisation as the key step. Many initiators of cyclisation were synthesized followed by the study and the optimization of each cyclisation, which revealed a new diastereoselective cationic 6-endo-Trig cyclisation of an allylic 1,3-dithiolane with TMSOTf. The total synthesis was finally completed from the trans-decaline formed after cyclisation, and our total synthesis represents the most concise ever reported. The development of new synthetic methodologies was also an important part of this work. Many methods were discovered: the diastereoselective and chemoselective cyclisation of keto-epoxide to form cis-decalines, the diastereoselective cyclisation of allylic 1,3-dithiolanes to form trans-decalines, an efficient preparation of tetrahydrobenzofurans under the microwave irradiation of triketones, and finally, the one-pot C-acylation of cyclic 1,3-diones to prepare β-triketones mono- or disubstituted
Dewez, Damien. "Applications de la Catalyse au Cuivre en Synthèse Totale et pour le Développement de Nouveaux Procédés Impliquant des Cyanamides." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315175.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Miquet, Stéphanie. "Synthèse énantiosélective de terpènes naturels : kopéoline, kopéolone et siphonellinol D." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4343.
Full textThis work deals with different strategies used in the course of the enantioselective synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes starting from an enantiopure building block obtained by biocatalysis. The first part is dedicated to the first enantioselective syntheses of kopeolin, and kopeolone. The synthesis of kopeolin was achieved and compounds have been fully characterized. The results showed that the reported structures were not assigned correctly, and suggest an initial structural misassignment during the isolation of the natural products. Thus, two new structures for kopeolin and for kopeolone are proposed. The enantioselective total syntheses of these two proposed structures have been achieved and permitted to confirm the structural revision and to fully characterize these natural products while elucidating their hitherto unknown absolute stereochemistries.The second part is dedicated to the synthesis of siphonellinol D with a convergent methodology of the Eastern part and the Western part. Both enantiomers of this building block were obtained by an enzymatic kinetic resolution in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Starting from the (1S, 6R) enantiomer, the synthesis of the Eastern part of Siphonellinol D is reported. Unfortunately, a first methodology using the use of the (1R, 6S) enantiomer failed. A second methodology using geraniol as starting material led to the racemic Western part of siphonellinol D. A coupling reaction were successfully performed allowing us to consider the synthesis of siphonellinol D by this synthetic pathway as optimistic
Jezequel, Gwenaëlle. "Synthèse et pharmacomodulation de composés antitumoraux naturels à motif hexahydroxanthène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS424.
Full textORPphilins are a set of several families of natural molecules with strong cytotoxic activity, that have an original mechanism of action by inhibiting OSBP, a protein responsible for the intracellular transport of cholesterol. However, they are all difficult to access, either by extraction from the organisms from which they are derived or by chemical synthesis.Schweinfurthins (SWs), isolated from plants of the genus Macaranga, are part of these ORPphilins, and have been studied by our team for several years. In these studies, it was shown that a non-active but probable bioprecursor analogue of these SWs was present in large amounts in these plants. The first objective of this thesis was to hemisynthezise SWs, and non-natural analogues from this bioprecursor.SWs are particularly active on multiform glioblastoma, which is currently a very poor prognosis. Today, the treatment consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy using temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent of DNA. Many resistances to TMZ develop and recurrences are frequent. However, it has been shown that a dual molecule covalently binding two anti-cancer molecules with a complementary mode of action may present a synergy of effects. The second objective of this thesis was therefore to synthesize and biologically evaluate different SW-TMZ dual molecules.Finally, a new molecule with an original structure has been isolated and identified from plants of the genus Macaranga. This compound has cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma similar to that of SWs, and has the same protein target as ORPphilins. The last part of this thesis focused on the total synthesis of this molecule, and of analogues, their biological evaluation and the determination of the first structure-activity relationships on this new chemical series.In conclusion, the work carried out during this thesis made it possible to synthesize cytotoxic molecules that are either natural or inspired by natural products, targeting OSBP. These molecules can later be used as molecular tools to highlight their as yet poorly understood mechanism of action and identify the links between cholesterol transport and cancer
Corbin, Mathilde. "Formation de liaisons carbone-azote : application à la synthèse de benzazoles et de produits naturels marins bioactifs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS324/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes synthetic approaches of benzosceptrin, a pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole (P-2-AI) isolated from a marine sponge, via C-N bond formation and a [2+2] photodimerization. Its synthesis presents the challenges of the benzo-bis-2-aminoimidazole moiety construction and the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of the benzocyclobutanic motif. With this objective, a new methodology of diamination of 2-cyclohexenones by 2-aminopyrimidine and 2-aminopyridines in the presence of the very simple iron/iodine/dioxygen catalytic system has been developed. It was also extended to chalcones and chromone. The application of this method allowed the synthesis of the benzo-bis-2-aminoimidazole moiety of benzosceptrin via the formation of 4 C-N bonds, in 6 steps in an overall yield of 28 % and to explore the reactivity of some intermediates. The second cyclobutanic moiety has been completed thanks to the development of a stereo- and regioselective photodimerization [2+2] of a (E)-3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)acrylic acid. Although the total synthesis of benzosceptrin was not achieved, this work allowed the preparation of a chemical library of 50 simplified derivatives for biological evaluations. Those evaluations in kinases inhibition and cytotoxicity helped to highlight an original and interesting cytotoxic product. This research permitted to progress the synthesis of benzosceptrin, to develop a new method of diamination and to create a chemical library of simplified derivatives of a natural product
Salom-Roig, Xavier Jesus. "Synthese de produits naturels : etudes vers la synthese totale de la pamamycine-607." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13212.
Full textLy, Kieu Dung. "Une nouvelle approche synthétique vers les kingianines : préparation d’intermédiaires clés et d’analogues simplifiés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX052.
Full textThis dissertation describes a new approach for the synthesis of kingianins, a family of inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic protein BclxL, which were isolated from the bark of Endiandra kingiana. We have proposed solutions to address the problems of reactivity and selectivity that had been met in previous studies. A strategy involving a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction was applied for the formation of the intermediate bicyclic system, instead of a biomimetic electrocyclisation cascade. This choice was efficient and a single diastereoisomer was obtained. The use of an electron-poor dienophile and an electron-rich diene in the key step allowed for a Diels-Alder reaction to proceed under classic conditions, with good regioselectivity. We have succeeded in synthesising several simplified kingianin analogues. Their biological activities on the Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins will be evaluated in the near future
Richieu, Antoine. "Synthèse totale de la vescaline, substance naturelle bioactive de la famille des ellagitannins C-arylglucosidiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0937/document.
Full textC-arylglucosidic ellagitannins are polyphenolic compounds biosynthesized through the secondary metabolism of various plants, in particular from the Fagaceae family such as oak and chestnut. Vescalin, which belongs to this class of plant polyphenols, displays interesting biological activities, with antiviral and antitumoral properties. More specifically, it inhibits topoisomerase 2α, a targeted enzyme in chemotherapy used in cancer treatment, and have also an activity against the cytoskeletal filamentous actin. Unique structure of vescalin displays a NonaHydroxyTriPhenoyl moiety (NHTP) linked to an open chain D-glucose with a C-arylglucosidic bond. The total synthesis of vescalin constitutes the main goal of this doctoral work. Synthetic routes employ in part chemical methods previously used for the total synthesis of 5-O-desgalloylepipunicacortein A in addition to new methodologies. Therefore, the C-arylglucosidation method and chemical yield have been improved and an efficient intramolecular terarylic coupling between a HexaHydroxyDiPhenoyl moiety (HHDP) and a galloyl unit has been developed. Taking advantage of the synthetic strategy elaborated for vescalin total synthesis, three additional C-arylglucosidic ellagitannins were obtained: punicacortein A, epipunicacortein A and castalin
Mohammad, Shabbair. "Vers la synthèse totale du FR225654 inhibiteur de la gluconéogenèse." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932775.
Full textFournier, Lycia. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la translactonisation de β-lactones. Applications en synthèse totale de produits naturels." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30009.
Full textThe [alpha],β-unsaturated or β-hydroxy [delta]-lactone moieties are present in a number of natural products of biological importance. Among these, callystatin A has attracted special interest because of its activities against tumoral cells. Thus, the preparation of these moieties is one of the key-steps of the synthesis of these natural products. Our aim was to propose a new and efficient method for the preparation of [alpha],β-unsaturated or β-hydroxy lactones from β-lactones. The translactonization of silylated β-lactones into [alpha],β-unsaturated [delta]-lactones and of desilylated β-lactones into β-hydroxy [delta]-lactones was optimised and applied to the total synthesis of natural products : (±)-prelactone B, (-)-massoialactone, (±)-goniothalamin, (+)-argentilactone. Side by side with our experimental work we have also carried out a theoretical study in order to get a better understanding. Finally, a preliminary study of the synthesis of callystatin A is reported
Marcelo, Filipa Margarida. "Total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of miharamycins." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066245.
Full textIn the present work the total synthesis of miharamycin B has been investigated, and the unprecedented construction of its core was successfully achieved. The unique bicyclic sugar amino acid moiety has been elaborated by means of a Sml2-based keto-alkyne coupling, followed by elongation of its C-6 position using a non-stereoselective chain extension methodology. The lower degree of stereocontrol allowed the synthesis of both epimers at C-6' for SAR purposes. Conversion of the bicyclic sugar amino acid into a suitable glycosyl donor efficient regio- and stereoselective N--glycosylation with 2-aminopurine to take place furnishing the nucleoside moiety of miharamycins. Final peptide coupling with L-arginine afforded for the first time the skeleton of miharamycin B. Debenzylation of this scaffold proved to be inefficient under hydrogenation conditions optimized for the bicyclic sugar amino acid, for the bicyclic peptide and for a structurally less complex nucleoside. Noteworthy, the configuration at C-6' of the nucleoside antibiotic miharamycin A has beenelucidated for the first time by NMR spectroscopy and proved to be S. NMR conformational analysis further suggested a folding of the aginine appendage above the sugar ring towards the 2-aminopurine nucleobase. The key subunits of miharamycins antibiotics such as the bicyclic sugar moiety, the elongated sugar amino acid, the nucleoside and the peptid unitn as well as the corresponding epimers at C-6', were successfully synthetized and their microbial activity evaluated. However, the new synthetic compounds, in particular the benzyl protected N7-nucleosides, revealed to be potent inhibitors of HuBChE
Corbu, Andrei. "Synthèse de Produits Naturels à Activité Biologique Importante : Iridal, Acide Galbanique, Marneral et analogues." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004528.
Full textAmans, Dominique. "Obtention d'unités polyéniques : application à la synthèse de composés biologiquement actifs." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066277.
Full textGhobril, Cynthia. "Aldolisation intramoléculaire directe organocatalysée par les guanidines et application à la synthèse totale de la Nigellamine A." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/GHOBRIL_Cynthia_2009.pdf.
Full textToday, organocatalysis is one of the most important branches of the asymmetric synthesis along with the enzymatic and the metallic catalysis. We were particularly interested in this field while developing a retrosynthesis of a natural product, the Nigellamine A. In fact, the key step relies on a direct intramolecular aldol reaction of an acyclic ketoaldehyde. We therefore developed and used guanidines as potential organocatalysts for this transformation. A consequent study allowed the formation of ketol compounds from ketoaldehydes with excellent chemoselectivity and good yields. We then applied this methodology to the total synthesis of the Nigellamine A, an active compound with hypolipidemic properties. The cyclization was not as chemoselective as expected and the purification of the desired ketol by silica gel chromatography was not efficient and needs to be optimized. In parallel, we also used chiral guanidines as catalysts for the enantioselective acetylation of amines. Finally, the last part highlights a new methodology developed for the synthesis of α-alkylated butenolids, important precursors for many natural products, and its application to the total synthesis of (+)-Ancepsenolide
Ollivier, Jean. "Les Cyclopropanols précurseurs de composés cyclopentaniques application à la synthèse totale de produits naturels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376001250.
Full textMacé, Frédéric. "Approche efficace des thapsigargines (guaianolides) et synthèse d'azulènes rouges via un intermédiaire commun de type bicyclo[5.3.0]décane." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV054/document.
Full textThe [2+2] cycloaddition of dichloroketene and 7-methylcycloheptatriene, followed by ring expansion with diazomethane and dehydrohalogenation, affords -chlorotrienone with high selectivity. In the past, this compound proved to be very efficient in the synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes containing the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane squeletton (guaianes, guaianolides, azulenes…). This methodology was used in an efficient synthetic approach of thapsigargins, which are complex guaianolides currently studied to treat prostate cancer via a derivative. Our work led us to get an advanced intermediate for this family, with key moities and configurations. It can also be used to access to natural azulenes. Then we synthetized blue, purple and red azulenes (the first ones for the latters)
Toueg, Julie. "Vers la synthèse du tricylce ABC de l'acide hexacyclinique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003153.
Full textCIBLAT, STEPHANE. "Nouvelle methode de preparation diastereoselective de piperidines 2,6-disubstituees. Application a la synthese totale de produits naturels." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22218.
Full textMiaskiewicz, Solène. "Or et azacycles : vers la synthèse totale de molécules naturelles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF006/document.
Full textNature is a nearly endless source of molecules, often possessing remarkable biological properties. Thus, plants provide new structures every day, inspiring chemists to synthetically create similar molecules or analogs, which are potential therapeutic agents for example. The emergence of organometallic chemistry allowed for considerable improvement of synthetic methods to make complex molecular scaffolds. Homogeneous gold catalysis, whose potential has only been explored starting from 2000, proved its efficiency to make numerous reactions. Most of them can generate several carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds in one step. Soft conditions as well as good tolerance of gold catalysts toward multiple functional groups naturally led to the application of gold-catalyzed steps in various total syntheses of natural products.The present study evolves in this context and explores the reactivity of strained azacycles and alkynes in the presence of gold(I) to form heterocyclic skeletons that are commonly found in natural products. The specific reactivity of sulfonyl nitrogen-protecting groups has also been studied to synthesize azabicyclic compounds. The application of those various new methodologies to the synthesis of target molecules has finally been studied
Legentil, Laurent. "Etude d'aza-analogues des alcaloïdes marins de type pyrroloquinoline, wakayine et tsitsikammamines à activité antitumoral potentielle : approche vers la synthèse totale des produits naturels." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30283.
Full textThe marine alkaloids wakayin and tsitsikammamines A and B belong to the 1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolines family. They both possess cytotoxic properties which seem related to inhibition of topoisomérases I and II. Two series of aza-analogues of these compounds (pyrazoloquinolines and pyrroloquinolines analogues) have been investigated. The pyrazole ring was obtained on the basis of a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction between various quinones and diazo species (alkyls or aryls). The iminoquinone moiety was then formed through an intramolecular cyclisation. The different compounds have been evaluated for both in vitro cytotoxic activity against 5 dictinct cancer cell lines and topoisomérases I and II inhibition. Most of the compounds inhibit one or the two enzymes whereas only few of them exhibit cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of micromolar order. The total synthesis of the natural alkaloids has also been studied. The retrosynthetic pathway was based on a Michael addition between 3-éthylamine-indoledione and different protected β-cétoamines. An original analogue of tsitsikammamines has been obtained
El, assal Mourad. "Désaromatisation oxygénante asymétrique de phénols à l'aide d'iodanes pour la synthèse totale de substances naturelles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0348/document.
Full textThe oxygenative phenol dearomatization reaction is a very useful transformation, as a key step in the synthesis of complex natural substances. It gives access to cyclohexa-2,4-dienones from ortho-substituted phenols, through the use of hypervalent iodine reagents (i.e., iodanes), which constitutes a modern alternative to toxic heavy-metal-based reagents (e.g., Pb, Tl, Hg). Our team is interested in the hydroxylative dearomatization of 2-alkylphenols (HPD reaction) by iodanes, a transformation that results in the formation of one quaternary stereogenic center. Control of the absolute configuration of this chiral center through the use of an appropriate substrate or reagent is amongst our goals. Chiral iodanes recently developed in the laboratory allowed us to reach enantiomeric excesses above 90 % in model HPD reactions. Successful application of these chiral iodanes led us to achieve the first total syntheses of (–)-bacchopetiolone and (+)-maytenone, as well as that of the epoxy ortho- quinol polar head of (+)-scyphostatine
Tisserand, Steve. "Contribution à la chimie du chrome et synthèses totales de produits naturels et de composés d'intérêts thérapeutiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/TISSERAND_Steve_2004.pdf.
Full textThe work realized during this PhD allowed the development and a better understanding of the chemistry based on chromium(III). It also permitted the total synthesis of molecules of biological interest as part of a collaboration with Pierre Fabre Laboratories. In the first part of this work based on organochromium species, the reproducibility of experiments and the development of methods to generate chromium chloride are exposed. This work also presents a new route to synthesize propargylic alcohols by using chromium(II) and triethylamine, starting from trichloroalkanes and aldehydes. The mechanism which involves the formation of an alkynyl-chromium has been studied. Furthermore the behaviours and the mechanisms of different substrates in presence of CrCl2, such as trichloroethanol and derivates, -unsatured secondary trichloroalkanes and carbon tetrachloride have been studied, as well as the influence of lithium iodide on some of these reactions. From these studies, new routes for the syntheses of E-,-insaturated aldehydes, Z-2-chloroethenol etheroxides, 1-chloroethenol esters, -homoallylic alcohols, and chalcone derivates have been derived. In the second part of this work, total syntheses of four compounds of biological interest have been studied : prostaglandins PGF2 and PGE2, Rhein (with two different ways), and Milnacipran
Castet, Dominique. "Etude de la réactivite du (2E, 4E)-5-bromopenta-2,4-diénal. Application à la synthèse de produits naturels biologiquement actifs." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES031.
Full textBarbahn, Nicolas. "Vers La synthèse totale biomimétique de la lodopyridone et l'étude phytochimique de Lycopodiella cernua et de Nitraria retusa." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS130/document.
Full textLodopyridone is an alkaloid isolated by William Fenical in 2009 from the marine actinomycete Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ490 found in the sediments of the submarine cayon of La Jolla (United States). This polyheterocyclic structure, rather surprising at first for a natural substance, is actually a modified tetrapeptide. To achieve the total synthesis of the molecule and differentiate us from the previous syntheses, we imagined an approach based on the construction of the central pyridone ring by an original pericyclic reaction inspired from the biosynthetic route. The two fragments necessary for the key step were prepared by short and original methods developed in our laboratory. Intrigued by the recent “natural tramadol” story, we also envisaged its synthesis exploiting the proposed biosynthetic pathway. In parallel a phytochemical study of the moss Lycopodiella cernua and the plant Nitraria retusa were performed
Hentz, Alexandre. "Vers la synthèse totale du Trachycladindole E, développement de nouvelles réactivités des ynamides." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112327/document.
Full textThe trachycladindoles are natural compounds extracted from the marine sponge Trachycladus laevispirulifer, harvested in the great south bay of Australia. This family presents 7 members, from trachycladindole A to trachycladindole G, which show interesting cytotoxic activities against diverse cancer cells e. g. colon, breast or lung. It is trachycladindole E which presents the most interesting activity and on which we will focus.From a chemical point of view, all the members of this family present an indolic scaffold substituted in C2 position by a carboxylic acid function and in C3 position by a five membered cyclic guanidine moiety. The C5 position may present a bromine atom while the C6 position may bear a hydroxyl.A method recently developed in our laboratory allows the introduction of an alkoxy and an amine moiety on an enamide scaffold. This method was applied to the formation of the guanidine borne by the C3 position. The synthesis of a simplified model of trachycladindole, insuring the formation of the guanidine using alkoxyamination, is described as well as the efforts toward its application to the natural product trachycladindole E.While trying to obtain the enamide moiety necessary for the application of the alkoxyamination, we observed a surprising result which gave us the opportunity to develop a new reaction between indoles and ynamides.Ynamides are powerful synthetic tools known to present both an electrophilic and a nucleophilic center. Thus, due to the delocalization of the nitrogen atom lone-pair, the α-position is electrophilic while the β-position is nucleophilic.We observed that the treatment of an indole by a base in presence of an N-sulfonyl-ynamide led to an unusual reactivity, giving birth exclusively to an N-substituted Z-indoloethenamide. Quite surprisingly, the formation of this compound arises from the addition of the indole nitrogen on the ynamide β-position, which formally constitutes a reaction between two nucleophilic centers. This reactivity can be reversed by varying the substituent on the ynamide nitrogen from sulfonamide to carbamate or acetamide. In these cases, the reaction takes place at the α-position of the ynamide, along with the loss of the EWG, leading to the corresponding amidine. The post-functionalization of the compounds arising from these transformations has been performed, allowing the access to unprecedented macrocyclic scaffolds.Mechanistic investigations using DFT calculations were carried out to understand how the reaction proceeds
Levy, Thomas. "Synthèse totale d'un alcaloïde marin : Wakayine et étude d'analogues ayant une activité immunothérapeutique potentielle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30256.
Full textThe marine alkaloids Wakayin and Tsitsikammamine belong to the 1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo [4,3,2-de] quinoline family. Recently, some analogues of these molecules have been described as inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), an enzyme involved in the ability of some tumors to suppress most of immune response. Thus, IDO1, along with tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), a related enzyme catalyzing the same reaction, are potential therapeutic targets in the fight against cancer. The study carried out to develop a total synthesis of wakayin is described. The various strategies considered are based on the construction of a bis-pyrroloquinone unit: the first involves a Michael addition reaction between a 3-ethylamine-indoledione variously protected and a β-hydroxyamine, the second which constitutes an original route to end up with the bispyrroloquinone unit involves an indoledione and methyltryptamine and the third consists of the condensation of an acetal on a 6-benzyl-3-substituted-indoledione. Based on a comprehensive structural study of IDO1 and a docking study, potential inhibitors have been prepared. Their ability to inhibit IDO1 and TDO was evaluated in a cellular test. Certain compounds exhibit interesting activities
Pirenne, Vincent. "New radical additions of alkylsulfonyl cyanides onto unactivated olefins : enantioselective approaches towards the total synthesis of leucophyllidine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0438/document.
Full textDuring our efforts directed toward the total synthesis of leucophyllidine, a bis-indole alkaloid, the tin-free radical carbo-cyanation and sulfonyl-cyanation of olefins were developed. The sulfonyl cyanides, acting as radical traps, were synthesized through a new oxidation of the corresponding thiocyanate. These reagents were found to fragment under thermal initiation (carbo-cyanation) or using the photoredox catalysis (sulfonyl-cyanation). A thorough mechanistic study was accomplished for the sulfonyl-cyanation. These methodologies install a nitrile onto an olefin backbone, furnishing advanced intermediates for the total synthesis of alkaloids. For the asymmetric synthesis of eucophylline, the south fragment of leucophyllidine, the sulfonyl-cyanation of optically pure cyclobutenes showed excellent diastereoselectivities. Different ring-opening reactions of the corresponding cyclobutane were then examined
Mace, Frederic. "Approche efficace des thapsigargines (guaianolides) et synthèse d'azulènes rouges via un intermédiaire commun de type bicyclo[5.3.0]décane." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819870.
Full textFenneteau, Johan. "Vers la synthèse totale des amphidinolides C et F, des macrocycles d’origine marine prometteurs pour la thérapie anticancéreuse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114804/document.
Full textAmphidinolides C and F are macrocyles isolated from dinoflagellates Amphidinium sp., which are living in symbiosis with marine flatworms Amphiscolops sp.. Those amphidinolides had shown an important cytotoxic activity against KB and L1210 cell lines. Due to promising therapeutical potential and complex framework of these natural products, a total synthesis program had been initiated. In this manuscript, different approaches for the construction of these natural targets are detailed. The main challenges were the efficient formation of 2,5-Trans THF, incorporation of dienic moieties by catalytic processes and the installation of chiral centers through chiral epoxyde chemistry
Marguerit, Mélanie. "Désaromatisation hydroxylante de phénols par des réactifs iodés hypervalents : application à la synthèse de substances naturelles." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13924/document.
Full textThe hydroxylative phenol dearomatization (HPD) reaction is a powerful tool to access, in one biomimetic step from various 2-alkylphenols, ortho-quinols, i.e., 6-alkyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienones. These dearomatized moieties can be found as such in few natural products or can be used as highly functionalized intermediates. The ?5-iodane 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and its stabilized nonexplosive formulation (SIBX) have proved particularly useful and efficient in mediating HPD reactions in a strictly ortho-selective manner. This PhD work describes the application of our SIBX-mediated HPD reaction to the elaboration of a key ortho-quinolic advanced intermediate for the synthesis of the angucycline-type antibiotic (+)-aquayamycin, and to the first total synthesis of the natural non-dimerizing ortho-quinol (+)-wasabidienone B1. An asymmetric version of this HPD reaction has been also developed. In situ generation of iodanes from chiral iodoarenes and m-CPBA as co-oxidant enables the preparation of either ortho-quinols in a non racemic form when using stoechiometric amounts of both reagents, or regio- and diastereoselectively epoxidized ortho-quinols when a catalytic amount of the chiral iodoarene is used. Monitoring of these reactions by mass spectrometry allowed the detection of ?3- and/or ?5-iodanyl-type species, and the proposition of a mechanism for these asymmetric hydroxylative dearomatization reactions
Malik, Guillaume. "Développements méthodologiques pour la préparation de composés à visée anticancéreuse. : accès à des analogues du TMC-95A et synthèse totale de la Spisulosine et de son analogue fluoré." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112250.
Full textThis manuscript exposes several synthetics methods and their applications for the preparation of new anti-cancer compounds.The first part describes our efforts toward the obtention of new analogs of TMC-95A, natural proteasome inhibitor, which antitumoral activity has already been shown. The formation of these compounds requires the synthesis of highly oxidized tryptophane substituted in position 7. An initial strategy involving a C-H insertion allowed us to obtain fluoro oxindoles in good yields. However, the encountered difficulties for the reduction and deprotection steps prompted us to rethink our strategy. A Larock heteroannulation has been considered for the synthesis of functionalized tryptophanes and was, unfortunately, unsuccessful. Nevertheless, we have been able to develop a regio- and chemoselctive oxidative fluoration of the trypthophane indolic core incorporated in tripeptides. Therefore, advanced precursors of TMC-95A analogs have been obtained.In the second part, the reactivity of bicyclic aziridines derived from sulfamates has been studied. These aziridines were obtained by copper catalyzed intramolecular aziridination in the presence of hypervalent iodine reagent. We were then able to demonstrate the possibility to perform nucleophilic ring opening of these bicyclic aziridines with carbon nucleophiles. The obtained 7 membered ring sulfamates were also submitted to nucleophilic ring opening with carbon nucleophiles to give acces to polysubstituted amines. Finally, preliminary studies allowed us to test these bicyclic aziridines as dipole-1,3 precursors and have led to the the formation of high value compounds.Finally, the last chapter describes the results we obtained for the total synthesis of natural products. Thanks to the methodology developed above, we were able to synthesize the spisulosine ES-285, natural product extracted from the north Atlantic clams and known to display antitumoral activity. The synthetic path allows us to change the nature of the nucleophile and gives rapidly access to new compounds, potentially more active. A new fluoro analog of the spisulosine has been obtained. This methodology has also been applied for the total synthesis more complex molecules, such as monachorin, a marine polycyclic guanidine alcaloïd. An advanced precursor has been synthesized, but we unfortunately weren’t able to finish the synthesis
Crespin, Lorène. "Synthèse totale d'alcaloïdes de type Lycorine par métathèse tandem." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV065.
Full textThe work reported in this manuscript concerns the development of an original synthetic strategy towards Lycorine-type alkaloids, natural products isolated from the plants of the Amaryllidaceae family, owning promising antitumoral activities. The tandem metathesis key step ene-yne-ene was explored with success, offering a quick access to the Lycorine hexahydroindole core. The development of new synthetic methods around N-sulfinylthioimidates was performed: the settings up of their efficient synthesis in three steps, their α-functionalization with halide alkyles or aldehydes, as well as their reduction in α-chiral aldimines highly functionalised were studied. These aldimines represent advanced key intermediates for the synthesis of several members of the Lycorine family: we achieved the total synthesis of α and γ-Lycorane; the synthesis of mono-hydroxylated compounds such as Fortucine and Kirkine is on going
Dasser, Mohammed. "Utilisation d'aldolases en synthèse de produits naturels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26054.pdf.
Full textPelchat, Nicholas. "Synthèse chimioenzymatique et énantiosélective de produits naturels." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27167/27167.pdf.
Full textZhang, Xinming. "Biomimetic assembly of reactive units for the total synthesis of marine natural products from dual biosynthetic origin." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS318.
Full textThe work described in this PhD dissertation is dedicated to the total synthesis of intriguing natural product structures. Two distinct families of natural substances of marine origin have been targeted in this work: the halichonadins and the araiosamines.- With the halichonadins, we plunge into the marine terpene chemistry. Isolated from sponges of the genus Halichondria, two structures have particularly drawn our attention: halichonadins K and L. Indeed, besides two subunits of terpene origin (namely halichonadin C, a natural isonitrile) with an eudesmane skeleton, a central core of peptidic origin is also original (especially a carboxylic acid disubstituted piperidine ring). A part of the work is dedicated to understanding how, in nature, isonitrile natural products may be formed and may react. The experimental part is organized according to the two following topics:1- Devise an efficient and straightforward total synthesis of halichonadin C. A strategy starting from santonin has been studied and developed. The presence of an isopropyl pending group has attracted many synthetic problems. Anyhow, an advanced intermediate comprising the whole skeleton and the crucial nitrogen atom of the target has been reached and provides good hopes for the access to halichonadin C.2- Conceiving a strategy of the stereocontroled access to the central piperidine ring of halichonadins K and L. Several strategies have been evaluated including the recourse to double Michael additions and reactions inspired by Robinson’s tropinone synthesis. The peptidic central core is now accessible in a limited number of steps.Most of the pieces of the puzzle are in our hands at the end of this PhD to secure a rapid access to the complex targets that constitutes halichonadins K and L.- The chapter dedicated to araiosamines (A-D, isolated from sponges of the genus Clathria) is exploratory and allows to propose promising strategies for a bio-inspired synthesis that constitutes true challenges for the organic chemists. One of the challenges to take up is to prepare highly reactive indole aldehyde units that could be foreseen as chemical equivalents of postulated biosynthetic intermediates. A method to generate in situ such units is studied. The first applications have been directed to the synthesis of “Discodermia pyridiniums” and appear to be promising towards the total synthesis of these molecules.The work conducted during this PhD take place in the framework of the “art of total synthesis”. But, in our strategies, the chemical understanding of biosynthetic pathways is never far away
Vallerotto, Sara. "Synthèse totale de l'Amphidinolide N." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS289/document.
Full textThe dinoflagellates are marine organisms (phytoplancton) that have shown to be a major source of toxins. Special attention was given to gender Amphidinium, which has the particularity of living in symbiosis with marine flatworms present in the bay of Okinawa (Japan). The team of professor Kobayashi has isolated different species of Amphidinium and elucidated the structures of their secondary metabolites: the amphidinolides. Kobayashi and colleagues then determined the cytotoxic activity of these molecules. In particular we decided to synthesize amphidinolide N because of his cytotoxic activity: IC50 = 0.08 nM on L1210 cells (lymphoma), IC50 = 0.09 nM on KB cells (carcinoma). To achieve this molecule we have developed a strategy based on a convergent assembly of four main fragments: C1-C5, C6-C12, C13-C17 and C18-C29. C1-C5 fragment has been synthesized following two different strategies: the first one gave us the desired compound in six steps and with a global yield of 8.4%, the second strategy allowed us to obtain this fragment in seven steps with a global yield of 3.8%. The two procedures gave us the C1-C5 portion controlling the configurations of the stereogenic centres, although the second strategy gave us the possibility to obtain more stables intermediates. C6-C12 fragment has been obtained in ten steps with a good global yield of 9.4%. The chemistry developed is strong; the reactions are repeatable with good results. C13-C17 fragment has been synthesized in three steps with a global yield of 40.6%; the absolute configuration has been assured by the natural compound used as starting material. The last fragment, C18-C29, has been obtained from natutal D-glutamic acid in nine steps, with a global yield of 19.4%. The assembly of C1-C5 fragment and C6-C12 has been realized with Stille’s coupling, although an alternative strategy is needed because of the lack of reproducibility. C13-C29 fragment has been successfully obtained by epoxydes opening reactions. Further studies and trial are needed to couple the two macro-fragments (C1-C12 and C13-C29) and finish the total synthesis of amphidinolide N
Rodriguez, Raphaël. "Synthèse stéréosélective de produits naturels, analoques et précurseurs." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30021.
Full textOur work is directed toward the total synthesis of natural products and the development of new synthetic methods: The first chapter deals with the synthesis of enantioenriched vitamin D3 precursors. The A ring precursors were synthesized from limonene while the trans-hydrindane CD rings precursor results from the asymmetric desymmetrisation of the meso acetylmethyldivinylcyclopentane. The second chapter describes the biomimetic synthesis of alboatrin and lucidene from a cycloaddition between an ortho-quinone methide intermediate and an alkene. A new method for ortho-quinone methide generation from acetoxymethylphenols have been developed. The last part describes the biomimetic synthesis of the 9,10-deoxytridachione obtained from the electrocyclisation of a linear conjugated y-pyrone-polyene unit
Cuyamendous, Claire. "Synthèse totale de phytofuranes : nouveaux méthabolites de l'acide α-linolénique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3507/document.
Full textAlpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3) is the major polyunsaturated acid in plant membranes. During an oxidative stress, the non-enzymatic radical peroxidation of this acid would lead to tetrahydrofuran metabolites called phytofurans (PhytoFs). In order to bring into light their existence and to study their biological activities, we develop a divergent and flexible strategy to access to these metabolites
M'barek, Bouazaoui. "Nouvelle synthèse totale de la nicotianamine et d'analogues non naturels." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20042.
Full textNinkovic, Sacha. "Carbocyclisations radicalaires, application à la synthèse de produits naturels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26808.pdf.
Full textMoreau, Anne Madeleine. "Synthèse de produits naturels articulés autour du noyau isoindolinone." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10023.
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