Academic literature on the topic 'Profession (in religious orders, congregations, etc.)'

Abstract Late 16th- and early 17th-century Italian theatrical works (with or without music) based on the Book of Judith are perceived as associated with women, who acted as their performers (in female monasteries), dedicatees, or patrons. This paper considers the reasons for the loosening of such ties in the Baroque genres of dialogue and oratorio, which evolved in the circles of religious and lay congregations, in which women were either marginalised or altogether excluded. The link between women and the oratorio genre was thus maintained only in the case of the so-called palace oratorios. Oratorios did not gain a solid footing in the music life of female religious orders, either. Their presence mainly made itself felt in the space suspended between the monastic and secular worlds, namely, in the context of the ceremonies of clothing and profession, which were celebrated with performances of cantatas, dialogues, or oratorios. A survey of such repertoire from the 17th and 18th centuries has revealed an astonishing wealth of subjects and approaches: allegorical works, saints’ lives, Old Testament stories praising parents who offered their children up to God, happy weddings, or the deeds of extraordinary women. The Book of Judith occupies an important place among the latter subjects, which emphasised the fides and fortitudo of those entering monastic life. Existing works (such as Metastasio's Betulia) were also sometimes used. Some texts were written specially for such occasions, and they demonstrate individual qualities. Metastasio's solemn and exalted model was followed even in such small-scale pieces as the Florentine componimento sacro Giuditta of 1750. The rappresentazione La Giuditte (1621) depicts the strength of faith not only of Judith herself, but also (contrary to the Biblical account) – of the Bethulian society as an allegory of Bologna and its inhabitants. Comic elements were smuggled into the Paduan oratorio Giuditta (1735). To sum up, dramatic works with music based on the Book of Judith, written for the ceremonies of women entering the monastery, which have hitherto remained marginal to academic research, represent a promising field for further studies.

Les trois diocèses lorrains Metz, Toul et Verdun, ont vu durant l’époque moderne, une très forte implantation d’ordres religieux. Cette force monastique de la Lorraine, héritée du Moyen-Age et de la protection de la famille ducale, concerne toutes les grandes familles religieuses européennes et a permis l’émergence de réformes (comme celle des bénédictins de Saint-Vanne par exemple) ou encore la création de congrégations qui ont perduré bien au-delà de la Révolution. Il nous a semblé intéressant d’étudier cette permanence monastique lorraine sous l’angle du novice et du noviciat afin de chercher à comprendre s’il existe une spécificité propre à ces territoires. Grâce à une richesse archivistique impressionnante, une base de données de plus de 13 000 novices, tant hommes que femmes, a été établie pour l’ensemble des ordres religieux où sont prononcés des voeux de religion et implantés dans les diocèses lorrains. Ces données ont permis d’ouvrir la réflexion sur la naissance de la vocation, sur les procédures d’admission au sein des réguliers, les rythmes de recrutement et plus globalement, la formation des novices.Ainsi, notre étude se développe sur cinq thèmes suivant à la fois la chronologie du noviciat et ses grandes thématiques. La première porte sur l’apparition de la vocation et les contextes qui permettent ou non son épanouissement. Les impacts familiaux sont très opposés. La famille est, à la fois facteur d’encouragement pouvant aller jusqu’à la vocation forcée dans des contextes précis, et facteur d’opposition, poussant les candidats à chercher des parades pour suivre leur projet de vie. Outre la famille, d’autres acteurs interviennent comme des religieux, des livres ou des événements marquants. Le second thème développe la question de la postulation avec le choix de l’ordre religieux, la sélection des candidats et les premiers enseignements, postulation qui aboutit à la cérémonie de la prise d’habit avec sa symbolique. Le troisième thème est axé sur l’influence de l’argent avec deux problématiques. La première porte sur le coût du noviciat (pension, achats des vêtements, des accessoires nécessaires à l’engagement…) et la seconde sur le profil socio-économique des candidats lorrains avec les différences rencontrées d’un ordre à l’ordre, d’un sexe à l’autre. La quatrième réflexion interroge la géographie des noviciats et les profils du recrutement selon les ordres religieux et les siècles. Enfin, le dernier thème est entièrement consacré à la formation des novices avec leur place au sein de l’institution monastique, les apprentissages selon les sexes et les ordres, les maîtres et maîtresses des novices et les problèmes rencontrés par les novices jusqu’à la cérémonie de la profession qui transforme le novice en religieux.Cette recherche a permis d’établir, entre autres conclusions, que le novice est un personnage continuellement confronté à des choix (entrer ou non en religion, choix de l’ordre, partir ou rester…) marqué par des influences contradictoires de la famille, de l’ordre… C’est un personnage complexe et riche car il permet de comprendre les mécanismes qui régissent le choix volontaire ou non d’une vie consacrée à Dieu. Cette thèse a permis de cerner un profil de recrutement marqué par un XVIe siècle chaotique suivi d’une remontée spectaculaire qui est brutalement interrompue par la guerre de Trente Ans entre 1630 et 1650, avant une lente remontée jusqu’au premier tiers du XVIIIe siècle, suivi d’une stabilisation avant une relative décrue après 1770. Nous avons aussi dégagé une tendance à un recrutement centré sur la Lorraine, révélant un attachement très fort à une nation, pour la plupart des ordres. Les novices en Lorraine sont donc avant tout des lorrains confrontés, dès leur jeunesse, à une présence monastique dense, avec des religieux très impliqués dans l’éducation et dans des réseaux familiaux favorisant le renouvellement des recrues
During the modern era, the three Lorraine dioceses Metz, Toul and Verdun saw a very strong establishment of religious orders. This monastic force of Lorraine, inherited from the Middle Ages and the protection of the ducal family, concerns all the major European religious families and has enabled the emergence of reforms (such as that of the Benedictines of Saint-Vanne for example) or the creation of congregations that lasted well beyond the Revolution. We thought it was interesting to study this Monastic permanence of Lorraine from the perspective of novice and novitiate in order to try to understand if there is a specificity specific to these territories. Thanks to an impressive archival wealth, a database of more than 13,000 novices, both men and women, has been established for all religious orders where vows of religion are pronounced and established in the Lorraine dioceses. These data have opened the way to reflect on the birth of vocation, on the procedures for admission within the regulars, the recruitment rates and, more generally, the training of novices. So, our study develops on five themes following both the chronology of the novitiate and its major themes. The first is about the appearance of vocation and the contexts that allow it to flourish or not. Family impacts are very opposite. It is both an incentive factor that can go as far as forced vocation in specific contexts, and a factor of opposition, prompting candidates to seek parades to follow their life plan. In addition to the family, other actors are involved such as religious, books or significant events. The second theme develops the question of postulation with the choice of the religious order, the selection of candidates and the first teachings, a postulation that culminates in the ceremony of taking clothes with its symbolism. The third theme focuses on the influence of money with two issues. The first relates to the cost of the novitiate (pension, purchases of clothes, accessories necessary for engagement...) and the second on the socio-economic profile of the Lorraine candidates with the differences encountered from one order to order, from one sex to another. The fourth reflection questions the geography of the novitiate and the profiles of recruitment according to religious orders and centuries. Finally, the last is entirely devoted to the training of novices with their place within the monastic institution, learning according to gender and orders, the masters and mistresses of novices and the problems faced by novices until the ceremony of the profession that transforms the novice into a religious.This research has established, among other conclusions, that the novice is a character continually confronted with choices (enter or not in religion, choice of order, leave or stay ...) marked by contradictory influences of the family, of the order ... He is a complex and rich character because he allows us to understand the mechanisms that govern the voluntary or voluntary choice of a life devoted to God. This thesis helped to identify a recruitment profile marked by a chaotic 16th century followed by a spectacular upturn that was abruptly interrupted by the Thirty Years' Warbetween 1630 and 1650, before a slow ascent to the first third of the 18th century. century, followed by stabilization before a relative decline after 1770. We have also identified a trend towards Lorraine-centred recruitment, revealing a strong attachment to a nation, for most orders.Novices in Lorraine are therefore above all Lorraines faced, from their youth, with a dense monastic presence, with religious very involved in education and in family networks promoting the renewal of recruits

This ethnographic case study explored the vocation discernment process for Latina women who have entered a religious order. The researcher spent three months participating in and observing the daily lives of religious sisters and conducted interviews. The eight religious sisters interviewed for the study were predominately of Mexican and Central America descent. Similar to Lester’s (2005) findings, sisters describe persistent feelings of inquietud before entering the religious life, and sought fulfillment through religious means. Participants often feel joy and admiration when they met a religious sister for the first time. Participants recount a religious or sensory experience which provided clarity to her decision. The participants indicate a sense of urgency to enter the religious life as soon as possible. The results are compared with other studies on religious life and vocation discernment through a sociological and psychosocial perspective.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Text in Afrikaans
In this dissertation, different aspects of aChurch leadership" are examined from a Pentecostal perspective. The framework is composed of literature compiled over the past twenty years. Especially the relationship between Church Leadership and the working of the Holy Spirit comes under the searchlight. The Theological theory underlying the Church Leadership exponents as well that of the Pentecostal movement are developed and critically evaluated. The Pentecostal ideal is that church leadership will function as leadership within a church context under the guidance and "working of the Holy Spirit The Pentecostal movement emphasises that the working of the Holy Spirit is the criticalfactor determining the effectiveness of the church. In the literature en Church leadership, the main focus is placed on the key role of church leadership with specific reference to the functional aspects and skills that church leaders need to be effective. The implication of both the aforementioned points are discussed and compared as well as the possible implications for both are indicated. Systematic theological issues concerning the role of persons in specific offices in different church traditions are avoided. It is stated that in the literature on Church Leadership more emphasis should be placed in the Working of the Holy Spirit as the critical factor in church leadership. It is clear that there is not enough emphasis on the working of the Holy Spirit if taken into account the importance thereof for the church as a whole. An approach to church leadership as "spiritual leadership" could assist in future research on this matter. In chapter one the framework of this study is explained. Chapter two reflects on the development of the Pentecostal perspective and chapter three on the Church leadership perspective. The different topics, similarities, critical reflections, evaluations and recommendations are presented in the last chapter.
In hierdie proefskrif word daar vanuit 'n Pinksterperspektief 'n ondersoek gedoen na kerkleierskap. Die raamwerk is literatuur wat in die afgelope twintig jaar oor hierdie onderwerp na vore gekom het. Veral die verband wat aangebied word tussen kerkleierskap en die werking van die Heilige Gees, kom onder die soeklig. Die teologiese teoriee onderliggend aan die standpunte van die kerkleierskap-eksponente sowel as die van die Pinksterbeweging word ontwikkel en krities beoordeel. Die Pinksterideaal is dat kerkleierskap gekenmerk sal word as leierskap wat funksioneer onder die Ieiding en werking van die Heilige Gees. Die Pinksterbeweging beklemtoon dat die werking van die Heilige Gees die deurslaggewende faktor is vir die effektiewe werking en ontwikkeling van die kerk. In die literatuur oor kerkleierskap word daarenteen hoofsaaklik klem geplaas op die sleutelrol van kerkleierskap met spesifieke verwysing na die funksionele aspekte en vaardighede wat kerkleiers benodig met die oog op die uitbouing van die kerk. Die implikasies van beide beklemtoninge word ontwikkel en met mekaar vergelyk en moontlike implikasies vir beide word aangetoon. Sistematies-teologiese vraagstukke rakende die rot van persona in bepaalde ampte in verskillende kerklike tradisies word vermy. Dit word beredeneer dat daar in die literatuur oar die onderhawige onderwerp meer klem geplaas behoort te word op die werking van die Heilige Gees as die deurslaggewende faktor vir suksesvolle kerkleierskap. Dit is duidelik dat daar nie genoegsaam gefokus word op die werking van die Heilige Gees nie ten spyte van die belangrikheid daarvan vir die kerklike praktyk in geheel. Die moontlikheid om kerkleierskap eerder te omskryf en te benader as "geestelike leierskap” bied moontlikhede ten opsigte van toekomstige navorsing op die gebied. In hoofstuk een worrd die raamwerk waarbinne die studie ontwikkel uiteengesit. Hoofstuk twee bied die basis waarbinne die Pinksterstandpunt ontwikkel het terwyl hoofstuk drie die onderwerp vanuit 'n kerkleierskapsperspektief benader. Klemverskille, ooreenkomste, kritiese besprekings, evaluering en aanbevelings word in die laaste hoofstuk aangebied.
Practical Theology
D.Th. (Practical Theology)