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1
Owen, D. H. O. "The Privy Council and the Professional Foul." Medico-Legal Journal 60, no. 2 (1992): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002581729206000204.
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Wright, M., and N. Hirotsu. "The professional foul in football: Tactics and deterrents." Journal of the Operational Research Society 54, no. 3 (2003): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601506.
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Pirrie, Anne. "The New Game: professional foul or own goal?" British Educational Research Journal 23, no. 5 (1997): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141192970230502.
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Bennison, Neil. "Discourse analysis, pragmatics and the dramatic ‘character: Tom Stoppard's Professional Foul." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 2, no. 2 (1993): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709300200201.
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Is there any way in which characters in dramatic texts may be considered a worthwhile object of criticism? The dearth of recent critical material in this area would suggest not, but the aim of this article is to demonstrate that the study of dramatic character may be effectively achieved by the application of theoretical principles derived from the linguistic analysis of conversation. The difficulties of accounting precisely for how readers of the play text get from the words on the page to judgements concerning the ‘personalities' of characters are overcome, to some extent, by the analysis of their conversational behaviour and using the powerful interpretative apparatus of discourse analysis and pragmatics to this end. As a focus for discussion, the character of Anderson, in Stoppard's play, Professional Foul, has been chosen, and a wide range of approaches taken from discourse analysis and pragmatics is used to identify in particular scenes the ways in which four prominent character traits are deducible from his conversational behaviour. The analysis begins with an examination of turn-length, turn-taking and topic-shift before applying pragmatic theories such as Grice's Cooperative Principle, Brown and Levinson's Politeness Phenomenon and Leech's Politeness Principle. In addition, this article addresses the problematic notion of character ‘development’ and argues that this may be accounted for in terms of a change in the conversational strategies used by a character, from which changes in attitude are inferable.
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Schild, Christoph, Laura J. Botzet, Luca Planert, Karolina A. Ścigała, Ingo Zettler, and Jonas W. B. Lang. "Linking personality traits to objective foul records in (semi-)professional youth basketball." Journal of Research in Personality 87 (August 2020): 103987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103987.
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Luig, Patrick, Werner Krutsch, Thomas Henke, et al. "Contact — but not foul play — dominates injury mechanisms in men’s professional handball: a video match analysis of 580 injuries." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 16 (2020): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100250.
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AimWe aimed to identify patterns and mechanisms of injury situations in men’s professional handball by means of video match analysis.MethodsModerate and severe injuries (absence of >7 days) sustained in competition in one of six seasons (2010 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017) in men’s professional handball were prospectively analysed with a newly developed standardised observation form. Season 2013 to 2014 was excluded because of missing video material.Results580 injuries were identified: 298 (51.4%) contact injuries, 151 (26.0%) indirect contact injuries and 131 (22.6%) non-contact injuries. Head (87.5%), hand (83.8%), shoulder (70.2%) and ankle (62.9%) injuries were mainly sustained during direct contact. Typical contact injuries included collision with an opponent’s upper extremity or torso, and ankle injuries mainly consisted of foot-to-foot collisions. A large proportion (41.7%) of knee injuries were caused by indirect contact, whereas thigh injuries mainly occurred (56.4%) through non-contact mechanism. Wing (56.9%) and pivot (58.4%) players had the highest proportion of contact injuries, whereas backcourt players had a high proportion of indirect contact injuries (31.5%) and goalkeepers of non-contact injuries (48.9%). The injury proportion of foul play was 28.4%. Most injuries occurred in the central zone between the 6-metre and 9-metre lines (26.1%) and during the last 10 min of each match half (OR 1.71, p=0.016).ConclusionsIn men’s professional handball in a league setting, contact — but not foul play — was the most common mechanism associated with moderate and severe injuries. Head, hand, shoulder and ankle injury were mainly sustained during direct contact.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "Foul Play in Sport as a Phenomenon Inconsistent with the Rules, yet Acceptable and Desirable." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 52, no. 1 (2011): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-011-0012-x.
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Foul Play in Sport as a Phenomenon Inconsistent with the Rules, yet Acceptable and DesirableAuthor considers assumptions related to foul play in sport as a phenomenon, that affect the body, psyche, or relationships - various social involvements, conditionings, and determinants of those involved with that particular form of athletic activity. This includes fouls committed on and off the field, as well as those not even related to a particular game. Our considerations include fouls of a verbal or acoustic nature; fouls in the form of printed materials; those in the form of visual commentary in films, TV shows, Internet appearances, whether in feature films, dramatized documentaries, documentaries or reports presented in a different publications, festivals, exhibitions, during which co-participants, adversaries or competitors make comments on past or future events during or beyond the competition.Fouls in sport, particularly those committed by athletes during competition, will always be inconsistent with the accepted rules of the game, that is, with the official regulations. Fouls will also always influence - in more or less annoying, depressing, painful or even tragic ways - the fate and the health of athletes.No logical - conditional, cause and effect - connection exists between a foul and the rules. Neither the need for nor praise of foul play can stem from the regulations. Yet people directly associated with the sport tolerate it because there is a widespread, quiet acquiescence of such play. Foul play is strongly opposed by supporters of the fair play principle, by those who do not regard sports competition as a phenomenon that can be considered independently beyond moral good and evil.Foul play is seen also as a desirable phenomenon, when inter alia, regardless of the various penalties imposed on players and team, it helps - in the final balance of losses and benefits - to achieve the planned success. Moreover, it is worth adding that, for instance, the so-called "good foul" in basketball enables one to stop the game clock, the so-called pure-play time of the referee. This creates the possibility of obtaining at least one more point (for a possible 3-point shot from a distance) than the team that executes its two one-point penalty shots granted for the offense (that is, "good foul").Foul play may also enhance the course of the sports spectacle, and encourage spectators to cheer more frequently. This is particularly important when professional athletic contests are treated as a form of business. The dramatization of foul play as a creation of "game" within a game can also be an additional attraction of the competition; foul play might be used as sophisticated and spectacular trickery, that dismays and hurts in its pragmatic-aesthetic construction, both the referee and the opponent.Foul play in sports has so many forms and will probably never lose its popular and sometimes spectacular character. Knowing that, everything should be done to protect players from bothersome health, interpersonal, and cultural disablements resulting from foul play.
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McQuillan, Martin. "Derrida in Prague: Poussin, Adami, Stoppard and the innocence of deconstruction." Derrida Today 10, no. 2 (2017): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2017.0156.
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This paper attends to the curious affair of Jacques Derrida in Prague when he was arrested by the Czechoslovakian police on charges of drug smuggling. It reads two images by Valerio Adami and Nicolas Poussin, entitled, ‘The Massacre of the Innocents’, Tom Stoppard's play, Professional Foul about dissident philosophers in Prague, and a section from Ken McMullen's film Ghost Dance on Kafka. It turns around the question of what ‘innocence’ might mean in politics and reading.
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Zhang, Jing, Xin-Yu Lin, and Su Zhang. "Correlation Analysis of Sprint Performance and Reaction Time Based on Double Logarithm Model." Complexity 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633326.
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In sprint track events, the starting reaction time is an important professional capacity of the athletes, and it is closely related to their performance. This study examines the reaction time and the results of the male and female sprinters participating in the World Athletics Championships from 2011 to 2019 in the 100 m, 200 m, 100 m, and 110 m hurdles. The researchers used least squares estimation, multivariate analysis of variance, and other methods and theories to construct a double logarithmic model and a multivariate analysis of a variance model. The researchers used Econometrics Views and SPSS software programs to analyze the correlation between the performance and the starting reaction time, as well as the patterns in the changes of the reaction time of athletes of both genders in different types of and rounds in the competitions. Research results show that there is a direct correlation between the reaction time and the performance, and the degrees of correlation vary depending on the gender of the athlete, year of competition, type of competition, and round of competition. There is a correlation between the foul types and the type of competition, but there is no correlation between foul types and the gender of the athlete. The research results are science-based and are of practical value and thus can be used as a reference by coaches in sprint running to offer more professional guidance to the athletes.
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Kamal, Sodiq, Suroto Munahar, Aries Abbas, Yoshifumi Ito, and Agus Wahyudi. "Hospital Bed for Diabetes Care: An Invention to Support Professional and Hygienic Nursing Practice." Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry 1, no. 1 (2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/mesi.5262.
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Appropriate diabetes mellitus (DM) wound care requires safe and comfortable space and facilities for patients and nurses. However, the existing hospital bed for DM has not supported the safety and comfort for nurses to serve patients, including the problem of liquid waste and some DM wounds emit a foul smell. Therefore, a hospital bed for DM wound care was designed in this research to support professional, efficient, ergonomic, and safe nursing practice. Multidisciplinary collaboration by engineers, wound nursing practitioners, and industry is carried out in this project. The level of risk of work disturbances was evaluated using a rapid entire body assessment (REBA), the level of risk of contamination was evaluated by a qualitative exposure assessment, and the level of comfort was measured using the visual analog method. Trials on 30 respondents consisting of 28 nurses and 2 doctors indicated that they were comfortable working with the new design of this prototype with lower risk.
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Zhiliang, Jia. "A Study on the Application of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) Technology in Chinese Football Professional League." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129202009.
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By using the methods of literature review, video, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper studied the application of VAR technology in 30 rounds and 240 matches in Chinese super league in 2019, and compared it with Super League and 2018 FIFA world cup in 2018. It was found that the accuracy of key penalty was improved, the fairness and justice of the match were guaranteed, and the sound development of Super League was promoted. The application of VAR technology improved the trust between referees and players, promoted the self-confidence of referees in law enforcement and promoted the normal play of players' level. Shortcomings include unreasonable limits and timing of VAR intervention; the understanding and scale of foul penalty are not uniform; the review time is too long and the operation procedure is not standardized, etc. need to be improved.
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Gebert, Angela, Markus Gerber, Uwe Pühse, Philippe Gassmann, Hanspeter Stamm, and Markus Lamprecht. "A Comparison of Injuries in Different Non-Professional Soccer Settings: Incidence Rates, Causes and Characteristics." Open Sports Sciences Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01912010028.
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Background: There is a lack of data regarding the epidemiology of soccer injuries and the particular accidents in specific non-professional soccer populations. The aim of this study was to analyse incidence, causes and characteristics of soccer injuries, taking into account different settings of organised (amateur) and non-organised soccer. Methods: A random sample of persons who had sustained an injury while playing soccer and reported this injury to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva) was retrospectively consulted. 705 injuries were analysed involving three main settings (soccer games, soccer training, non-organised soccer) and different amateur soccer leagues. Results: Knee injuries (p=0.01) and head injuries (p=0.005) were observed more frequently in games than in non-organised soccer. Injuries caused by contact with an opponent and foul play occurred more frequently in games than in training (p<0.001) or non-organised soccer (p≤0.001). Injury incidence was substantially higher for players of 30+/40+ leagues (18.7 injuries per 1000 hours) than for players of other leagues (1st-3rd amateur leagues: 8.5, p=0.002; 4th-5th amateur leagues: 9.4, p=0.007; female leagues: 8.2, p=0.006; junior leagues: 6.7, p<0.001). Conclusion: With respect to injury characteristics, causes and injury incidence, essential differences between various non-professional soccer settings exist suggesting that a more specific approach in injury prevention may generate positive effects.
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Cook, Harold J. "Good Advice and Little Medicine: The Professional Authority of Early Modern English Physicians." Journal of British Studies 33, no. 1 (1994): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386042.
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Henry:Then you perceive the body of our kingdom, How foul it is;What rank diseases grow, and with what danger, near the heart of it.Warwick:It is but body, yet distempered, Which to his formerStrength may be restored with good advise and little medicine.[Shakespeare,Henry IV]Shakespeare's words remind us that in the learned traditions of Renaissance Europe, good advice remained more important than potent medicines for restoring both physical and political states to their previous strengths. As the lord advised the king, so a physician advised his patient, or lawyer his client, or minister his flock: preventing troubles was worth far more than cure, and the best remedy even when matters went wrong was good advice on how to return to a state of harmony. Still, plenty of quacks in politics and medicine, law and church, advocated strong measures, not helping people to live in accordance with their world but attempting to alter the conditions under which they lived. Bad advice and powerful remedies seemed to be everywhere, trampling good council and temperate behavior. The connections between learning and authority that lay behind claims to authority in general are especially well illuminated by the ways in which the physicians argued for possessing, maintaining, and extending their professional privileges.Among all the number and variety of medical practitioners in early modern England, one small group self-consciously considered itself to be professional: the physicians. As one of the three learned professions surviving from the Middle Ages, the “medical profession” has been a crucial test case for various definitions of what a profession is or was.
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Hilton, Deborah Joy. "Sports Monitoring with Moving Aerial Cameras Maybe Cost Efficient For Injury Prevention." SciMedicine Journal 2, no. 3 (2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2020-0203-3.
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Objectives: An Australian access economics report (2009) estimated the lifetime cost of care is 5.0 million for a person whom suffers paraplegia and 9.5 million for quadriplegia, and costs/year are approximately $90,000. Hilton )2018( on drones at sporting venues discusses their potential to revolutionize injury surveillance monitoring via expert exposure gained for recording, investigation, tracking and monitoring of sporting injuries. Hilton (2018) reviewed rugby union and league Australian spinal cord injury datasets, finding more incident cases in the union then league [1]. Methods/Analysis: Wikipedia reports 20 professional rugby union and 26 rugby league playing fields in Australia. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare document; Australian sports injury hospitalizations 2011–12 report just under 800 head and neck injuries requiring hospitalization related to rugby-related sports “35 neck fractures and 348 head fractures”. Brisbane’s leading drone aerial photography service “Droneworxs” according to previous enquiries by the author charge $650/hour to monitor a sporting event. A crude drone implementation cost estimate, hypothetically is to utilize this device across 46 professional clubs X 52 weeks one hour/week = $1,554,800. A basic hypothetical mathematical cost benefit comparison was performed. Findings: Droneworxs cost divided by healthcare costs/case/year ($90,000) = 17 so if these injuries are prevented then cost equivalence is reached figurately speaking, then cost benefits accrue. Novelty /Improvement: Drones are not overly expensive compared to spinal cord injury costs. The occasional presence of aerial cameras at sporting venues may also deter repeated foul play, in the same way that webcam cameras deter potential thieves.
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Tjiptabudy, Jantje. "Professionalism of the Regional General Elections Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah or KPUD) and the Regional Elections Monitoring Agency (Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Daerah or Bawaslu Daerah) in Realizing Quality District Head's Elections." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, no. 2 (2014): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i2.5722.
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District head's elections as implementation realization of sovereignty of the people undertaken in democratic system, for sure, shall subject to principles and concept of district head's elections. KPUD and Regional Bawaslu as the district head's elections organizers are obliged to execute professional and quality district head's elections based on the 4 (four) conceptual elements of district head's elections as follows: (1) as a means of sovereignty of the people, (2) it is conducted in a direct, general, free and secret as well as honest and fair manner, (3) it is conducted in Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and (4) it is based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Implementation of district head's elections, in reality, is full of various violations, especially for the number of votes obtained by foul manner such as vote distension. This condition is obviously seen by the people showing that KPUD and Regional Bawaslu are not capable in performing their duties as the agency of district head's elections. Definitely, it affects quality of district head's elections or legitimation of the elected district head. In fact, lots of factors affect professionalism of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu such as capability of human resources, low alimony rate compared to their responsibility load, and also integrity of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu. Other factor which has escaped attention is morality of the members of KPUD and Regional Bawaslu.
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Sutton, Stuart A. "Core Competencies for the Information Professions and the Evolution of Skill Sets." Education Libraries 18, no. 3 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v18i3.70.
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In this article, we consider the mechanisms necessary to distill new skill sets from the profession's core competencies along three out of four dimensions that define practice for information professionals in general and librarians in particular. We explore the emerging information universe and the environmental factors shaping it in order to cast light on the emerging professional contlicts over appropriate niches in the new universe of information work. Abbott's processes of reduction and abstraction as mechanism for the expansion of redefinition of a profession's domain are examined along three practice dimensions: (1) the tool making dimension, (2) the information management (tool use) dimension, and (3) the agency (service) dimension.
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Pillitteri, Francesco, Erica Mazzola, and Manfredi Bruccoleri. "The four spheres of value co-creation in humanitarian professional services." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 3 (2021): 402–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-06-2020-0049.
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PurposeThe study focuses on the value co-creation processes in humanitarian professional services provision, analysing the key enabling factors of beneficiaries' participation, involved in long-term integration programmes (L-TIPs).Design/methodology/approachThrough an in-depth case study, the research looks at the practices of value co-creation in humanitarian professional services, considering both the perspectives of the professional service provider and beneficiary.FindingsIn professional services beneficiary's participation affects the success of the L-TIPs outcomes. Participation's enablers can be classified into four different spheres, each belonging to different elements of professional service: the beneficiary, the professionals, the service design and the external environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the literature on humanitarian operations & supply chain management. By focussing on an understudied phase of the disaster life-cycle management, it contributes to the theory of value co-creation by exploring new issues and drivers of beneficiary's participation.Practical implicationsThis research has interesting implications for policymakers and humanitarian practitioners. First, guidelines for professionals' behaviours and interventions should be designed as well as new practices and strategies should be adopted. Second, governments should avoid concentrating L-TIPs in few big humanitarian centres.Originality/valueThe study focuses on an understudied stage of humanitarian operations, namely the L-TIPs, and uses this setting to build on the theory of value co-creation in professional services by identifying its enabling factors, clustered into four spheres, namely beneficiary, professional, service design and environmental.
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Monagle, Helen, and Amy Finnegan. "Use of social media by new library professionals: Outcomes from a UK survey." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 50, no. 4 (2016): 435–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616653648.
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This research explores the connection between social media and independent continuing professional development, focusing on new professionals within the UK and Ireland who graduated between 2010 and 2015, based on Ruddock’s definition (see Appendix 1). Two online surveys were conducted to ascertain why continuing professional development networks have been created and why new professionals use them. The first survey was completed by 100 new professionals; the second was completed by four continuing professional development network founders. This paper explores the relationship between the uptake of continuing professional development and social media usage by new professionals and highlights the reasons social media are used by new professionals for continuing professional development which include cost, variety of continuing professional development options, and removal of boundaries, e.g. geographical, hierarchical. The survey also found that network founders used social media to promote continuing professional development and engage with users.
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Gulfi, Alida, Jean-Luc Heeb, Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart, and Elisabeth Gutjahr. "Professional reactions and changes in practice following patient suicide: what do we know about mental health professionals’ profiles?" Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 10, no. 4 (2015): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-11-2014-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the profiles of mental health professionals and their relationship to professional reactions and changes in working practice following a patient suicide. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 713 mental health professionals working in various institutional settings and in private practice in French-speaking Switzerland were collected by written questionnaires. Findings – Four distinct profiles with low to moderate professional reactions and changes in working practice were identified by cluster analysis. The type and intensity of relationship between professional and patient, and psychological and/or social support following the patient suicide were the most discriminant factors of the four profiles. Originality/value – The findings contribute to the understanding of professional consequences of patient suicide on mental health professionals.
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Hassid, Jonathan. "Four Models of the Fourth Estate: A Typology of Contemporary Chinese Journalists." China Quarterly 208 (December 2011): 813–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011001019.
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AbstractScholarly attention has not kept pace with the rapid changes in the professional role of Chinese journalists. Instead, two older views prevail. The first, which sees Chinese journalists as “mouthpieces” of the Communist Party unchanged from the Maoist era, downplays the tremendous changes in the media since 1978. The second view, holding that they are increasingly becoming “American-style professionals,” overstates the influence of international media norms on Chinese news workers' day-to-day reality. While such communist and American-style professionals do exist in contemporary China, both are far less influential and numerous than stereotypes would suggest. Exclusive scholarly focus on these groups ignores two other more numerous and influential orientations: “advocate professionals,” those who write to influence opinion and policy, and “workaday journalists,” who work mainly for money and lack a commitment to public service. This article delineates all four types of Chinese journalist and explains why an understanding of the latter two professional orientations is critical to understanding China's media, politics and society.
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Leemeijer, Aukje, and Margo Trappenburg. "Patient Centered Professionalism? Patient Participation in Mental Health Professional Frameworks." Professions and Professionalism 6, no. 2 (2016): e1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.1474.
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Patient participation is an important development in Dutch mental health care. Notwithstanding a generally positive attitude towards patient participation, mental health professionals show ambivalent responses to it due to tensions that may occur between professional values and societal values like (more) patient participation. Professionals vary in their degree of professionalization which is translated to their formal professional frameworks like professional profiles and codes of conduct. To explore how formal professional frameworks of mental health professionals mirror how and to what degree they accommodate patient participation the professional frameworks of four types of mental health care professionals were studied: psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers. We hypothesized that the higher professionalized professions were less open to patient participation. The results partly support this hypothesis. Professional frameworks of social workers and nurses indeed show more openness to patient participation, but the picture for psychiatrists and psychologists is ambiguous—more professionalized psychiatrists being more inclined to incorporate patient participation than less professionalized psychologists.
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Silva, Terezinha Nunes da, Maria Eliane Moreira Freire, Monica Ferreira de Vasconcelos, et al. "Deontological aspects of the nursing profession: understanding the code of ethics." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 1 (2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0565.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate nursing professionals' understanding concerning the Code of Ethics; to assess the relevance of the Code of Ethics of the nursing profession and its use in practice; to identify how problem-solving is performed when facing ethical dilemmas in professional practice. Method: exploratory descriptive study, conducted with 34 (thirty-four) nursing professionals from a teaching hospital in João Pessoa, PB - Brazil. Results: four thematic categories emerged: conception of professional ethics in nursing practice; interpretations of ethics in the practice of care; use of the Code of Ethics in the professional practice; strategies for solving ethical issues in the professional practice. Final considerations: some of the nursing professionals comprehend the meaning coherently; others have a limited comprehension, based on jargon. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the text contained in this code is necessary so that it can be applied into practice, aiming to provide a quality care that is, above all, ethical and legal.
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Goldsby, Michael G., Elizabeth A. Goldsby, Christopher B. Neck, Christopher P. Neck, and Rob Mathews. "Self-Leadership: A Four Decade Review of the Literature and Trainings." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010025.
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This paper reviews the fourth decade of self-leadership research. Two previous reviews of self-leadership from 2006 and 2010 are summarized, and the paper applies categories from those reviews to examine recent research in the field. This paper also covers new topics and trends in self-leadership research. In previous review articles, new theoretical models for extending self-leadership models were proposed. Therefore, this paper continues that tradition by proposing a new model—the Meta-Performance Model—that offers self-leadership as a skillset for enhancing the individual performance of leaders who seek improvement through professional certification programs. Self-leadership and professional certification programs are often treated as a stand alone topics. However, this paper contends professionals would benefit from combining self-leadership training with other professional improvement programs.
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Johnson, Harriette C., David E. Cournoyer, and Betsy M. Bond. "Professional Ethics and Parents as Consumers: How well are we Doing?" Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 7 (1995): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600703.
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Concerns of parents of children with emotional, behavioral, and cognitive problems with respect to the behavior and attitudes they encounter from professionals coincide with concerns professionals have about their own behavior as set forth in professional codes of ethics. Thirty-four experts on professional ethics evaluated items on a behavioral questionnaire. Parents then used the questionnaire to rate professionals who had worked with the mental health problems of their children. Problem areas identified included informed consent, parent self-determination, and respect and compassion for parents.
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Bailey, Donald B., Virginia Buysse, Rebecca Edmondson, and Tina M. Smith. "Creating Family-Centered Services in Early Intervention: Perceptions of Professionals in Four States." Exceptional Children 58, no. 4 (1992): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800403.
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This article describes professional perceptions of the current status of family involvement in early intervention programs in four states. Significant discrepancies between current and ideal practices were found in four dimensions: parent involvement in decisions about child assessment, parent participation in assessment, parent participation in the team meeting and decision making, and the provision of family goals and services. In identifying barriers to ideal programs, professionals most frequently mentioned family barriers (35.8%) and system barriers (35.1%). Professional barriers, or those related to a lack of skill, accounted for only 14.8% of the barriers mentioned.
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Liao, Hung-Chang, and Ya-huei Wang. "Development and Validation of a Chinese Version of a Professional Identity Scale for Healthcare Students and Professionals." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040451.
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This study was intended to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically adequate professional identity scale for healthcare students and professionals based on Taiwanese cultural contexts. In order to elicit a more consistent result of the psychometric indices of the newly developed scale, the study adopted a combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the consistency of the scale factors. In a pilot study of 562 randomly selected healthcare students and professionals, the EFA yielded a 33-item four-factor model with the terms “professional commitment & devotion” (16 items; 47.33% of variance), “emotional identification & belongingness” (7 items; 9.72% of variance), “professional goals & values” (5 items; 8.17% of variance), and “self-fulfillment & retention tendency” (5 items; 3.38% of variance). The CFA yielded an 18-item four-factor model with good or even excellent fit to the data, where the χ2/df ratio = 1.138, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.997, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.997, and root mean square of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.016. The convergent validity and discriminant validities were also conducted to test the feasibility of the Professional Identity Scale for Healthcare Students and Professionals (PIS-HSP) scale. For the EFA model, the Cronbach’s alphas for the four factors and the overall scale ranged from 0.84 to 0.96; for the CFA model, the Cronbach’s alphas and composite reliabilities were, respectively, in the ranges of 0.78–0.93 and 0.78–0.97, demonstrating satisfactory reliabilities. The results proved that the developed PIS-HSP can be a reliable measurement tool to assess professional identity for healthcare students and professionals.
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Suddaby, Roy, and Thierry Viale. "Professionals and field-level change: Institutional work and the professional project." Current Sociology 59, no. 4 (2011): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392111402586.
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This article explicates the causal connections between changes in professional jurisdictions and changes in organizational fields. The authors argue that professional projects carry within them projects of institutionalization. They focus attention on the critical but often invisible role that professionals play in institutional work, or the creation, maintenance and transformation of institutions. The key contribution of this article is to explicate the professional project as an endogenous mechanism of institutional change. Based on a review of prior research on institutional change in which professionals play a central role, the authors observe four essential dynamics through which professionals reconfigure institutions and organizational fields. First, professionals use their expertise and legitimacy to challenge the incumbent order and to define a new, open and uncontested space. Second, professionals use their inherent social capital and skill to populate the field with new actors and new identities. Third, professionals introduce nascent new rules and standards that recreate the boundaries of the field. Fourth, professionals manage the use and reproduction of social capital within a field thereby conferring a new status hierarchy or social order within the field.
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Ndibu Muntu Keba Kebe, Nicolas, François Chiocchio, Jean-Marie Bamvita, and Marie-Josée Fleury. "Profiling mental health professionals in relation to perceived interprofessional collaboration on teams." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211984146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119841467.
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Objectives: This study aims at identifying profiles of mental health professionals based on individual, interactional, structural and professional role characteristics related to interprofessional collaboration. Methods: Mental health professionals ( N = 315) working in primary health care and specialized mental health teams in four Quebec local service networks completed a self-administered questionnaire eliciting information on individual, interactional, structural and professional role characteristics. Results: Cluster analysis identified four profiles of mental health professionals. Those with the highest interprofessional collaboration scores comprised two profiles labeled “highly collaborative female professionals with fewer conflicts and more knowledge sharing and integration” and “highly collaborative male professionals with fewer conflicts, more participation in decision-making and mutual trust.” By contrast, the profile labeled “slightly collaborative professionals with high seniority, many conflicts and less knowledge integration and mutual trust” had the lowest interprofessional collaboration score. Another profile positioned between these groups was identified as “moderately collaborative female psychosocial professionals with less participation in decision-making.” Discussion and conclusion: Organizational support, participation in decision-making, knowledge sharing, knowledge integration, mutual trust, affective commitment toward the team, professional diversity and belief in the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration were features associated with profiles where perceived interprofessional collaboration was higher. These team qualities should be strongly encouraged by mental health managers for improving interprofessional collaboration. Training is also needed to promote improvement in interprofessional collaboration competencies.
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St-Vincent, Lise-Anne. "Soutien de la direction d’établissement lorsque survient un problème éthique en période d’insertion professionnelle : exploration de quatre avenues." Formation et profession: revue scientifique internationale en éducation 24, no. 1 (2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18162/fp.2016.313.
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Linhares, Laura Maria Souza de, Patrícia Moita Garcia Kawakame, Daniel Henrique Tsuha, Albert Schiaveto de Souza, and Ana Rita Barbieri. "Construction and validation of an instrument for the assessment of care provided to people with suicidal behavior." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (May 16, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000888.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument for evaluating primary health care professionals’ assistance to people with suicidal behavior. METHODS: This was a methodological study, which began with a literature review, followed by the elaboration of an instrument. In its first version, the instrument had 34 items, divided into four domains: “professional characterization,” “professional perception ” “professional knowledge/abilities,” and “organization of the care network.” Contents were validated using the Delphi method. Semantic analysis was performed by college-educated primary health care professionals in greater and lesser strata of ability. For internal consistency analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated. The study was conducted between January and December 2017. RESULTS: After four Delphi rounds, the instrument was successfully validated. In its final form, it is comprised of 50 items, divided into five domains: “professional characterization,” “professional sensibility,” “professional experience,” “professional knowledge/abilities,” and “organization of the care network.” Questions belonging to the last four domains have answers on a five-point Likert scale. In the semantic analysis, 93.6% of the evaluations were “good” and “very good.” The instrument’s general Cronbach alpha was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: The final version of the instrument was able to fulfill its objectives. It is useful as a support for epidemiological research and planning of health actions. The evaluation of professional approaches to suicidal behavior is crucial for the organization of suicide assistance services in primary health care, and for the integration of services provided by different care units
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Currie, Graeme, John Richmond, James Faulconbridge, Claudia Gabbioneta, and Daniel Muzio. "Professional Misconduct in Healthcare: Setting Out a Research Agenda for Work Sociology." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 1 (2018): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018793352.
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In the light of its surprising absence in extant literature in the domain of the sociology of work, specifically within the journal Work, Employment and Society, this article represents a ‘call to arms’ for research focused upon professional misconduct in healthcare. Specifically, interrogation of four dimensions of professional misconduct in healthcare is called for: a broader definition of professional misconduct; antecedents of professional misconduct that recognize the effect of context; professional response to regulation of misconduct; and the hierarchical and affective challenge to frontline professionals blowing the whistle on professional misconduct.
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Fonseca, Paola, Laiene Olabarrieta Landa, Ivan Panyavin, et al. "Perceived ethical misconduct: a survey of neuropsychology professionals in Mexico." International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 1 (2016): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2101.
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Objective: To evaluate the frequency of perceived ethical misconduct in the practice of neuropsychology in Mexico. Method: One hundred fourteen psychologists answered a survey which assessed perceptions of ethical misconduct in four areas of professional practice in the field of neuropsychology.Results: The area of professional training contained the highest percentage of perception of ethical misconduct, followed by research and publications, clinical care, and professional relationships. Conclusion: The high frequency of ethical misconduct perceived by neuropsychology professionals in Mexico is a cause for concern. The results suggest the need to create and implement a system to make sure that professionals follow the ethics standards required by the profession, and to provide consequences for those who fail to do so. The profession of neuropsychology and training of professionals in the field must be regularized in the country, to reduce the frequency of future ethical misconducts.
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Kos, M.-I., C. Degive, C. Boex, and J.-P. Guyot. "Professional occupation after cochlear implantation." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 3 (2006): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106003641.
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The aims of this study were to verify whether cochlear implants helped profoundly deaf adults to maintain or even to develop their professional occupations, and to identify other elements that may contribute to or, on the contrary, impede such patients' professional success. All adult patients received a questionnaire concerning their professional activities before and after implantation. Demographic data, health information, hearing performance and degree of satisfaction with the implant were also considered. Sixty-seven adults had been implanted, with three different devices, since 1985. At the time of implantation, 34 had been professionally active. After implantation, 29 had remained professionally active, four of whom reported positive developments in their careers. Five patients had become professionally inactive. Those patients who had previously been professionally inactive remained so. There had been no difference in performance, either between different types of cochlear implants or between professionally active or inactive patients. The implanted patients had kept their jobs and many of them had developed their professional skills. In spite of this, cochlear implants may still be perceived as proving insufficiently satisfactory hearing to enable professionally inactive patients to reintegrate and to facilitate further learning or career developments.
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Chodzaza, Elizabeth. "Midwives’ and Medical professionals’ perspectives of collaborative practice at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Maternity Unit, Malawi: The discovery phase of an appreciative inquiry project." Malawi Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i1.4.
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BackgroundThis paper reports on part of a larger study, the aim of which was to develop an intervention to collaboratively develop innovative strategies to promote effective collaborative practices among midwives and medical professionals working in intrapartum care unit. Collaborative practice is a critical marker for success in improving quality of maternity care. To date, there has been limited exploration of collaborative practices between midwives and medical professionals working in intrapartum care from the African perspective. Aim This paper reports findings of the discovery phase of appreciative inquiry (AI) set out tounderstand the perspectives of midwives and medical professionals on collaborative practices at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital labour and delivery ward in Malawi. MethodsThe study used an exploratory qualitative approach framed in an Appreciative Inquiry theoretical perspective. Appreciative Inquiry consists of four phases :(discovery, dream, design and destiny).The discovery phase consisted of 16 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions among purposively selected midwives (4 nurse midwives, 2 midwifery unit matrons) and medical professionals (2 obstetricians, 4 registrars, 2 intern doctors, 2 clinical officers) working in the labour ward. All interviews and discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsFive dominant themes emerged: collaborative breakdown, benefits of collaboration, the importance of positive and respectful attitude, barriers to effective collaborative practices and strategies to improve collaborative practice. Conclusion/RecommendationsAligning the perspectives of the members of the two disciplines is significant to effective implementation of collaborative intrapartum care. Participants demonstrated that there is increased parallel working of midwives and doctors at QECH. This is not professionally healthy. Therefore, putting together the viewpoints of the professions to create a mutually agreeable professional framework of collaborative intrapartum practice is significant. Additionally, there is an obvious need to address the professional concerns of both disciplines.
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Shah, Sayyed Rashid, Roohul Amin, and Hussain Ahmad. "Classroom Observation: Linking Teacher Evaluation and Professional Development in TESOL." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. II (2018): 168–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-ii).12.
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This study examines the impact of increasingly challenging nature of classroom observation as part of teacher evaluation in English Language Teaching (ELT). This paper highlights the complex nature of evaluative classroom observation systems in various educational contexts. It also considers various issues that embody the challenging nature of classroom observation and teacher evaluation in connection to the professional development of teachers. In a small-scale study of Teaching of English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) professionals in Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, it adopts an interpretive approach and utilizes semi-structured interviews to collect data. The results, presented in four major themes provide a detailed account of teachers’ perceptions of the role of classroom observation in their professional learning and development. However, this development has not occurred due to the observation as a tool to elevate teaching and learning standards, alternatively, the managerial demands and the fear of being fired or transferred to remote campuses have stimulated teachers to develop professionally and offset this challenge. Despite their personal drive to professionalize themselves in a collaborative and professional culture, the challenge of observation still prevails owing to the teachers’ lack of autonomy and some insufficiently trained observers’ subjective approach.
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Kreitzer, Mary Jo, Lixin Zhang, and Michelle J. Trotter. "Transformative Professional Development: Outcomes of the Inner Life Renewal Program." Complementary health practice review 11, no. 1 (2006): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210106289097.
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Health professionals have jobs that are inherently stressful and most have had little opportunity or encouragement to focus on self-care. Over the past 10 years, professional development programs such as the “Courage to Teach” have been developed for teachers in primary and secondary schools. Reported outcomes include personal and professional growth, increased satisfaction and well-being, and renewed passion and commitment for teaching. Based on this model of transformational professional development, a program was developed for health professionals, the Inner Life Renewal Program. Four cohorts of health professionals have completed the program. This brief report provides descriptive information regarding the structure, format, and process of the program and evaluative data based on program evaluations and participant interviews. Outcomes reported by participants include an increase in self-awareness, improved listening skills and relationships with colleagues, and an increased ability to manage or cope with stress.
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Wangerin, Paul T. "Four Problems in Professional Ethics." Professional Ethics, A Multidisciplinary Journal 2, no. 3 (1993): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/profethics199323/49.
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Gupchup, Gireesh V., and Alan P. Wolfgang. "The Health Professions Stress Inventory: Factor Structures for Pharmacists." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (1994): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.515.
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Scores from a sample of pharmacists on the Health Professions Stress Inventory were factor analyzed to identify any underlying components of these professionals' job-related stress. Data were collected via mail questionnaires from a nationwide sample of 573 practicing pharmacists. Three- and four-factor solutions, using both orthogonal and oblique rotations, were compared. Based on these comparisons, a four-factor oblique solution was judged to be most appropriate, the four factors being labeled Professional Recognition, Patient Care Responsibilities, Job Conflicts, and Professional Uncertainty. The factors show evidence of internal consistency and construct validity.
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Alexander, Curby. "Using Gamification Strategies to Cultivate and Measure Professional Educator Dispositions." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 9, no. 1 (2019): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2019010102.
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One of the most important outcomes of pre-service teacher education is the transition from assignment-oriented students to service-oriented education professionals. Faculty can assist in this process by cultivating professional educator dispositions within their courses. Gamification strategies can be an effective way to provide students with timely feedback regarding their progress toward professional educator dispositions. This study investigated the effectiveness of points, timely feedback, and leaderboards on cultivating and measuring specific professional educator dispositions among pre-service teachers. Data was collected in four domains - personal responsibility, intellectual engagement, professional ethics and stewardship, and supportive interactions- where gamification strategies were additively implemented over five semesters. Results from this study indicate gamification strategies, when bundled together to leverage motivating factors such as competition and personalization led to increased gains in the four domains of professional educator dispositions.
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Rothes, Inês Areal, Margarida Rangel Henriques, Joana Barreiros Leal, and Marina Serra Lemos. "Facing a Patient Who Seeks Help After a Suicide Attempt." Crisis 35, no. 2 (2014): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000242.
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Background: Although intervention with suicidal patients is one of the hardest tasks in clinical practice, little is known about health professionals’ perceptions about the difficulties of working with suicidal patients. Aims: The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the difficulties of professionals facing a suicidal patient; (2) analyze the differences in difficulties according to the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the health professionals; and (3) identify the health professionals’ perceived skills and thoughts on the need for training in suicide. Method: A self-report questionnaire developed for this purpose was filled out by 196 health professionals. Exploratory principal components analyses were used. Results: Four factors were found: technical difficulties; emotional difficulties; relational and communicational difficulties; and family-approaching and logistic difficulties. Differences were found between professionals who had or did not have training in suicide, between professional groups, and between the number of patient suicide attempts. Sixty percent of the participants reported a personal need for training and 85% thought it was fundamental to implement training plans targeted at health professionals. Conclusion: Specific training is fundamental. Experiential and active methodologies should be used and technical, relational, and emotional questions must be included in the training syllabus.
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Ebert, Amanda, and Donna L. Goodwin. "Sand in the Shorts: Experiences of Moral Discomfort in Adapted Physical Activity Professional Practice." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 37, no. 2 (2020): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2019-0059.
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Adapted physical activity (APA) practitioners are encouraged to be reflexive practitioners, yet little is known about the moral dilemmas faced as they instruct inclusive physical activity or fitness programs. Professional landscape tensions may arise when diverse organizational demands, policies, traditions, and values merge. The study purpose was to explore how APA professionals experience and resolve moral discomfort in professional practice. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, seven APA professionals completed one-on-one semistructured interviews. The conceptual framework of relational ethics facilitated deep engagement with the professionals’ stories of navigating the ethical minefields of their practice. Four themes were developed from the thematic interpretative phenomenological analysis: The ass(et) of vulnerability, Friends or friendly? “We are fucked either way,” and Now what? Grappling with discomfort. The moral discomfort and strategies for resolution described by APA professionals highlighted the need for judgment-free pedagogical spaces where taken-for-granted practices can be contemplated and discussed.
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Schilling, Annika, and Andreas Werr. "Conceptualizations of the Ideal Professional in Four Professional Service Contexts." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (2012): 11914. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.11914abstract.
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Ahmed, Waqar, and Muhammad Shahid Soroya. "Library and information science education as ignition source for services in non-academic special libraries." Library Review 65, no. 4/5 (2016): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-08-2015-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the number, difference and ratio of professionals and non-professionals heading toward non-academic special libraries (NASL). This study also explored the difference of provision of services based on educational qualifications. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative survey research method and questionnaire as a data collection tool was used to conduct the study. The questionnaire contained four educational levels against the 18 services variables. No list or directory being available, 71 special libraries were assured to be there in Lahore through snowball-sampling technique. Out of 71 questionnaires, 41 were returned and analyzed using Chi-Square test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings Findings indicated that 56 per cent of the libraries were headed by LIS professionals, while rest of 44 per cent of the libraries was headed by persons with no professional education. Chi-Square test’s p value indicated the significant difference in the orientation, reference service and document reservation service. The professionally qualified library managers were found better at providing librarians’ end services. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, which marked the vacant positions and indicated the differences of services based on level of education. It depicted the electronic, librarians end, and technical knowledge and multi-factor services and measured its variation on the educational grounds.
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Adams, Tracey L., Ian Kirkpatrick, Pamela S. Tolbert, and Justin Waring. "From protective to connective professionalism: Quo Vadis professional exclusivity?" Journal of Professions and Organization 7, no. 2 (2020): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joaa014.
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Abstract This essay is composed of commentaries from four scholars critically evaluating Noordegraaf’s article ‘Protective or Connective Professionalism? How Connected Professionals Can (Still) Act as Autonomous and Authoritative Experts’. All four scholars, in different ways and from their different perspectives, question the dichotomy at the heart of Noordegraaf’s article, arguing that professionals have always been connective and connected, and moreover, that protective professionalism has not disappeared. They recommend more conceptual development to unpack the changing nature of connectivity and protectionism, as well as more attention to inequalities within and among professions, power, and professional agency.
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Hunter, Paulette V., Lynn McCleary, Noori Akhtar-Danesh, et al. "Mind the gap: is the Canadian long-term care workforce ready for a palliative care mandate?" Ageing and Society 40, no. 6 (2019): 1223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001629.
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AbstractThe average expected lifespan in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes is now less than two years post-admission, making LTC a palliative care setting. As little is known about the readiness of LTC staff in Canada to embrace a palliative care mandate, the main objective of this study was to assess qualities relevant to palliative care, including personal emotional wellbeing, palliative care self-efficacy and person-centred practices (e.g. knowing the person, comfort care). A convenience sample of 228 professional and non-professional staff (e.g. nurses and nursing assistants) across four Canadian LTC homes participated in a survey. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress and poor job satisfaction were well below accepted thresholds, e.g. burnout: mean = 20.49 (standard deviation (SD) = 5.39) for professionals; mean = 22.09 (SD = 4.98) for non-professionals; cut score = 42. Furthermore, only 0–1 per cent of each group showed a score above cut-off for any of these variables. Reported self-efficacy was moderate, e.g. efficacy in delivery: mean = 18.63 (SD = 6.29) for professionals; mean = 15.33 (SD = 7.52) for non-professionals; maximum = 32. The same was true of self-reported person-centred care, e.g. knowing the person; mean = 22.05 (SD = 6.55) for professionals; mean = 22.91 (SD = 6.16) for non-professionals; maximum = 35. t-Tests showed that non-professional staff reported relatively higher levels of burnout, while professional staff reported greater job satisfaction and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). There was no difference in secondary traumatic stress or person-centred care (p > 0.05). Overall, these results suggest that the emotional wellbeing of the Canadian LTC workforce is unlikely to impede effective palliative care. However, palliative care self-efficacy and person-centred care can be further cultivated in this context.
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Thorup Larsen, Lars. "Guvernementalisering af velfærdsprofessionerne." Dansk Sociologi 24, no. 3 (2013): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v24i3.4696.
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Traditionelt opfattes professioners autonomi som en direkte følge af den viden, de besidder, samt af de særlige opgaver denne viden tillader dem at løse, ikke mindst for staten. Denne autonomi er imidlertid sat under pres igennem talrige bølger af reformer i velfærdsstaten, hvad enten der er tale om reformer med henblik på bedre opgavevaretagelse eller om simple nedskæringer. Mens det er velbeskrevet i professionslitteraturen, hvorledes velfærdsreformer forsøger at regulere de professionelles økonomiske interesser, fx igennem New Public Management-inspirerede tiltag, søger denne artikel at vise en anden type udfordring af professionel autonomi. Påstanden er, at velfærdsprofessioner som fx lærere eller socialrådgivere er blevet gjort til agenter for politiske strategier på hvert sit policyområder og det på en mere direkte og systematisk måde end tidligere. Inspireret af Foucault karakteriseres denne udvikling i artiklen som en ”guvernementalisering” af velfærdsprofessionerne. Det betyder, at professionernes viden og identitet søges orienteret systematisk efter, hvorledes den professionelle bør lede borgerne i overensstemmelse med centrale politiske ambitioner på området. Frem for at være agent for professionens egne pædagogiske principper kan en pædagog ifølge denne logik i stedet blive agent i en integrationspolitisk dagsorden, mens skolelærerens professionelle praksis bliver systematisk orienteret efter centrale konkurrencepolitiske mål. Artiklen består af en indledende udvikling af begrebet om guvernementalisering efterfulgt af en tekstanalyse, der applicerer begrebet på centrale dokumenter omkring indholdet af fire velfærdsprofessioner i en dansk kontekst, nemlig skolelærere, pædagoger, socialrådgivere og sygeplejersker.
 
 
 ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
 
 Lars Thorup Larsen: The ”Governmentalization” of the Welfare Professions
 
 The autonomy of professions is traditionally based on the knowledge required for the profession and the specific work that this knowledge enables professionals to carry out, not least for the (welfare) state. Waves of welfare state reform have put this autonomy under pressure, however, whether the reforms are aimed at efficiency or are simply cutbacks. A growing amount of literature about these professions shows how political reforms try to regulate the economic incentives of professionals, for example through initiatives inspired by New Public Management. This paper aims to show a different type of challenge to professional autonomy. It argues that welfare professionals such as teachers or social workers have become agents of new political strategies in their respective policy areas, and in a more direct and systematic way than previously. With inspiration from Foucault, this can be characterized as a “governmentalization” of the welfare professions. It means that both professional knowledge and identity become systematically restructured according to how the state would like professionals to govern its citizens in accordance with policy goals in the field. For instance, rather than being an agent of the profession’s own educational principles, a preschool teacher may be required to act professionally out of consideration of the national policy for the integration of immigrants because cultural norms are often exchanged in daycare facilities. Similarly, the professional work of a schoolteacher may be systematically retooled in order to improve the nation’s performance in international rankings of education. This paper develops the notion of “governmentalization” with respect to professions, which is then exemplified in a comparative textual analysis of four welfare professions – teachers, nurses, social workers and preschool teachers – in Denmark. 
 
 Key words: Professions, governmentality, welfare state, bureaucrats, textual analysis.
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Raitakari, Suvi Maaria, Kirsi Günther, Kirsi Juhila, and Sirpa Saario. "Causal accounts as a consequential device in categorizing mental health and substance abuse problems." Communication and Medicine 10, no. 3 (2014): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v10i3.237.
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Professionals in human service work are at the centre of complicated client cases. The ways client cases are constructed and the problems explained form the basis for professionals’ assessments, decisions, actions and interventions. In this article the ways professionals make sense of dual-diagnosis client cases are examined. Applying the concept of causal accounting, it is argued that ‘theories of cause’ are embedded in professional discourse and profoundly shape professionals’ understandings of social and health problems, as well as of their own roles and responsibilities and of what interventions and outcomes are possible. The data consist of 48 tape-recorded weekly team meetings among professionals in a supported housing unit targeted for clients with both mental health and substance abuse problems. It was found that professionals reason about the relationship between these two problems in four different ways: (1) substance abuse causes or makes mental health problems worse; (2) substance abuse eases mental health problems; (3) mental health problems cause or make substance abuse worse; or (4) good mental health reduces substance abuse. Causal account research makes visible the ways professionals do institutional work by categorizing clients, accounting for responsibilities as well as assessing their work and clients’ achievements according to moral expectations of a ‘good’ professional and a worthy client.
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Alrabie, Nour. "Integrating professionals in French multi-professional health homes: Fostering collaboration beyond the walls." Health Services Management Research 33, no. 2 (2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484819858828.
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Current evidence of the effectiveness of multi-disciplinary co-location for healthcare integration is mixed. This case study investigates a territorial healthcare project that is implemented across four French rural healthcare practices that co-locate multi-disciplinary healthcare practitioners. Two levels of collaboration were identified: (i) local, intra-team collaboration (i.e., care and prevention) and (ii) territorial, inter-team collaboration (i.e., patient therapeutic education and knowledge sharing). An analysis of 50 interviews with healthcare professionals uncovers important aspects of successful multi-disciplinary collaboration, which is an intermediary between co-location and care integration. By highlighting the social dimension of care integration, with a specific focus on the professional component of interpersonal integration, this study expands the theory of care integration by identifying three antecedents of multi-disciplinary collaboration: (i) prior general practitioner joint-practice experience, (ii) professional impetus (i.e., initiated by practitioners) and (iii) general practitioner peer group membership. Successful multi-disciplinary co-location and, in turn, collaboration offer a range of benefits to both patients and practitioners and advance progress towards promising perspectives, such as local competence transfer and territorial contagion.
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Nikupeteri, Anna. "Professionals’ critical positionings of women as help-seekers: Finnish women’s narratives of help-seeking during post-separation stalking." Qualitative Social Work 16, no. 6 (2016): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325016644315.
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The study explores how women victims of post-separation stalking perceive the positions ascribed to them in the help-seeking process by social workers and other professionals. Applying positioning theory, the research identifies ‘critical’ positionings, namely, those hindering the women in seeking help. The ultimate aim of the inquiry is to inform professional practices by identifying how professionals position victims of stalking and the risks of misinterpretation this process entails. The data comprise narratives of 15 Finnish female victims of stalking, who were interviewed either individually or together with a professional (social worker, shelter worker or therapist) who had worked with them. A total of five such professionals participated in conducting the interviews. The analysis of the women’s perceptions posits four critical positionings: Professionals viewed them as (1) alienating parents, (2) unprotective mothers, (3) overcautious women and/or (4) implausible victims. These determinations are seen as rooted in considerations of morality, accountability, rationality and agency. The findings indicate that the complex nature of stalking, women’s reactions to it and the ambivalent appearance of their strategies for dealing with stalking may pose obstacles to professionals in positioning them as help-seekers. This in turn may hinder women in their efforts to receive adequate help or even victimise them further. The study highlights that client–professional interaction in the context of post-separation stalking needs to be more victim-sensitive. It suggests that when analysing women’s situations and providing help, professionals should be more mindful of women’s own understandings and valorise their sensitive experiences.
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Riley, MS, Christopher P., and Linda D. Sarbo, PhD. "Developing a professional standards model for the fire service." Journal of Emergency Management 2, no. 1 (2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2004.0008.
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While police agencies have well-established internal affairs processes, professional standards units (PSUs) are rare in fire service agencies with fewer than 1,000 employees. In response to increased public scrutiny and growing concerns about liability issues, fire service agencies are implementing PSUs.This study was designed to develop and validate a prototype professional standards manual for fire service agencies. We reviewed professional standards divisions in fire service and police departments, and interviewed representatives of selected agencies to establish parameters for successful PSUs. Based on this review, a professional standards model was developed. For validation, the prototype was submitted to four fire service professionals for review and comment. Their comments were supplemented by phone interviews and incorporated into the model.