Academic literature on the topic 'Professional Journalist Definition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Professional Journalist Definition"
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Luo, Yumeng, and Teresa M. Harrison. "How citizen journalists impact the agendas of traditional media and the government policymaking process in China." Global Media and China 4, no. 1 (March 2019): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436419835771.
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“Citizen journalism” is a term used to refer to ordinary individuals who act as journalists during some part of the process of creating content for mainstream journalism coverage. In China, besides ordinary citizen journalists, some professional journalists have been regarded as citizen journalists if they write stories online that would otherwise not be publishable in traditional media. Unfortunately, since the real name registration system was launched on the Internet in 2012, the activities of both professionals and average citizens in China are frequently limited. So, is citizen journalism a role that can only be practiced in very limited ways in China? This article adopts a broader definition of citizen journalism, in which, through the use of social media to discuss and comment on news and social issues, ordinary citizens in China act as collective citizen journalists, which insulates them against individually targeted criticism for their opinions. We applied agenda-setting theory to explain citizen journalist contributions to the content of traditional media and the policymaking process in China. Using several forms of Chinese media and rank-order cross-lagged correlations, we found that online public opinions in social media influenced the agenda of traditional commercially oriented media, but not the agenda of traditional government-sponsored media. The policy agenda was partially influenced by the online public. The online public acted collectively to influence and contribute to the content of the traditional media and policies the government considers, thus changing the nature of journalism and public sphere.
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Rodigina, N. N., and I. S. Kozlova. "EVERYDAY LIFE OF SIBERIAN JOURNALISTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-2-84-89.
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The article substantiates the relevance of studying the everyday life of the Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The authors offer approaches to its study, determine the content of basic concepts.A combination of several not internally contradictory approaches to the study of everyday life of the professional community of journalists in the provinces of the Russian Empire located behind the Urals seems to be productive.First, we relate the topic of our research interests with subject field of anthropology of professions, which are characterized by attention to issues about the criteria for belonging to the professional community, assessment of the status of the profession by professionals and society, relations between different actors within the professional group, conflicts and forms of self-organization of professionals.Second, the topic requires an appeal to the works of historians of everyday life. The definition of the subject area of everyday life by N. L. Pushkareva and S. V. Ljubichansky as well as theoretical provisions by A. Ludtke are used as a baseline. In relation to the reality under study, the concepts of «journalists» and «Siberian journalist» are revealed, come conclusions about the specificity of formation of socioprofessional group of Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries are made.
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Sidorova, Tatyana Aleksandrovna, Elena Revovna Kornienko, Elvira Nikolaevna Akimova, and Natalya Evgenyevna Petrova. "The role of cognitive style in the formation of a professional discursive personality of journalist N. I. Novikov." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 29 (May 18, 2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.35.
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The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in finding new approaches to describing the discursive personality in General and professional, in particular. The main goal of the research is to identify the features of cognitive style and determine its role in the formation of professional discursive personality of N. I. Novikov as a journalist. The research is carried out within the framework of cognitive-discursive and linguistic paradigms. As the main one, we use an interpretative analysis of the knowledge structures behind the language means of N. I. Novikov's discourse. The paper highlights and interprets the components of the cognitive style of N. I. Novikov's discursive personality in correlation with his language consciousness. The methods of perception of the world by N. I. Novikov's discursive personality, the peculiarities of representation of the world's realities in discourse, and the manner of transmitting information about the world are determined. Personal preferences of a discursive person, as well as cognitive, semiological and motivational ones are revealed. It is proved that the features of N. I. Novikov's professional discursive personality are determined by the specifics of his cognitive style, objectified by cognitive and linguistic mechanisms of discursive activity. A definition of the concept of "cognitive style" is proposed. The components of cognitive style are interpreted as an element of theory for the analysis of a discursive personality. The role of cognitive style in the formation of a professional discursive personality of a journalist of the 18th century is determined.
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Stiekolshchikova, Valentyna. "The idea and thematic exegetics of investigative texts via a prism of the concept of proximity." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 9(27) (2019): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2019-9(27)-18.
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The genre of investigative journalism is a kind of indicator that measures the state of free speech in society. Today, investigative journalism is compared with the highest professional skill. Investigation offers an author’s version of events based on search results, questions, facts. The investigator looks for a theme, collects facts to accuse, but not so much as for the accusation of a particular person, as in the hope to solve a particular social problem. However, the problem of ideological-thematic exegetics of investigating activity in the context of proximity concept is yet little studied. The article aims to investigate the ideological-thematic basis of regional journalistic investigation via a prism of the proximity concept, outlining elements, structure, and factors of efficiency of investigative texts. Contextual analysis, elements of component analysis, methods of intertextual comparison, and conceptual analysis, linguistic modeling contributed to distinguishing and systemic characterizing of the informational dossier tools. In the paper, the exegetics (hermeneutics) of investigation texts in the context of the proximity concept is presented, and the main algorithms for avoiding the inefficiency of this concept in the journalistic investigation are defined. Besides, the main thematic areas of the investigative activities of the Southern Ukraine regional media are analyzed. The findings of the research using our methods of the experimental and practical social triad by applying the themes and ideas of stirring up the journalistic investigations’ readers were used in the paper. The main principle in the activity of a journalist working on the definition of the thematic, problematic, ideological conceptualization of the region, state, and the abroad, is publicity, creating of the appropriate atmosphere, public opinion concerning certain social phenomena. The main thing to focus on is the competence in the subject matter or problem that has become the matter of interest in the investigation. The regional journalistic investigation, unlike other space-and-time research themes, is specific to increase the number of readers, build and effectively represent the modeled reality. Keywords: idea and theme exegetics, investigative text, proximity, experimental and practical social triad, readers’ stirring up.
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Finkler, Yuri. "Mass media in the power framework: institutionalization revisited." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 10(28) (January 2020): 300–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2020-10(28)-22.
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The definitions of the institute and the institutionalization in the different fields of science (scholarship) vary. Specifically this refers to the understanding of the institutionalization of the mass media, whose activities are greatly dependent on the authorities. In Ukraine, such dependence has been particularly salient during the last time. The article aims at studying the existing definitions of the institutions of both social phenomena. An analysis of the institute of comparison and interpenetration of media and power as a social communication сoncept has been offered. A concept of institutionalization of the mass media is analyzed in terms of content structure and personal freedom of journalist. Specificity of several specialized aspects of media institutionalization in the context of the existence of different types and forms of competition and cooperation between universal and specialized publication sand journalists are analyzed. Different subtypes of journalism and relevant social trends, as well as a degree of interaction between professional and commercial dimensions of journalistic sphere are analyzed. It is emphasized that debates on mass media institutionalization focus on two dilemmas: the «journalist-professional» and «the journalist-ordinary member of society». Such discussion relates to the social significance of the problem and to professionalism of the media and journalists. The authorities can reduce social importance of institutionalization of the mass media, as well as they can downplay it purportedly. But social institutionalization of the mass media does not disappear because of the whims of the current authorities. We argue if the current Ukrainian authorities took into account the main factors of the institutionalization of the media and the correlation between journalistic and social practices, it would make fewer mistakes in its work with the media (which cannot be destroyed by institutionalization). The followup studies on the research problem outlined in the article are to study definitions of institutionalization of social and communication characteristics of cluster institutions: legal, economic sociological and so on. Socio-communicative understanding of the concept of the institution in its modus operandi will enable systematizing knowledge about institutionalization of many social phenomena that serve the mass media. Keywords: author, power, journalist, category, institutionalization, content, mass media, professionalism, social effect, specialization, universality.
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Walters, Geoff, and Richard Tacon. "Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 4 (September 2010): 566–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200001942.
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AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly significant for a wide range of organisations and for the managers that work within them. This is particularly true in the sport industry, where CSR is now an important area of focus for sport organisations, sport events and individual athletes. This article demonstrates how CSR can inform both theoretical debates and management practice within sport organisations. It does so by focusing on stakeholder theory, which overlaps considerably with CSR. In this article, stakeholder theory is used to examine three major CSR issues: stakeholder definition and salience, firm actions and responses, and stakeholder actions and responses. These three issues are considered in the context of the UK football industry. The article draws on 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews with senior representatives from a number of different organisations. These include the director of a large professional football club; a chief executive of a medium-sized professional football club in addition to the supporter-elected director; and the vice-chairman of a small professional football club. Additional interviews were undertaken with five representatives from national supporter organisations, two board members at two large supporter associations, two representatives from the Football League, one representative from the Independent Football Commission, and a prominent sports journalist. The analysis of the interview data illustrates ways in which CSR can be implemented by sport organisations through stakeholder management strategies. The article concludes that stakeholder theory has both conceptual and empirical value and can be used to illuminate key issues in sport management.
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Walters, Geoff, and Richard Tacon. "Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 4 (September 2010): 566–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2010.16.4.566.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly significant for a wide range of organisations and for the managers that work within them. This is particularly true in the sport industry, where CSR is now an important area of focus for sport organisations, sport events and individual athletes. This article demonstrates how CSR can inform both theoretical debates and management practice within sport organisations. It does so by focusing on stakeholder theory, which overlaps considerably with CSR. In this article, stakeholder theory is used to examine three major CSR issues: stakeholder definition and salience, firm actions and responses, and stakeholder actions and responses. These three issues are considered in the context of the UK football industry. The article draws on 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews with senior representatives from a number of different organisations. These include the director of a large professional football club; a chief executive of a medium-sized professional football club in addition to the supporter-elected director; and the vice-chairman of a small professional football club. Additional interviews were undertaken with five representatives from national supporter organisations, two board members at two large supporter associations, two representatives from the Football League, one representative from the Independent Football Commission, and a prominent sports journalist. The analysis of the interview data illustrates ways in which CSR can be implemented by sport organisations through stakeholder management strategies. The article concludes that stakeholder theory has both conceptual and empirical value and can be used to illuminate key issues in sport management.
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McEnnis, Simon. "Toy department within the toy department? Online sports journalists and professional legitimacy." Journalism 21, no. 10 (September 3, 2018): 1415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918797613.
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This study explores the professional legitimacy of online sports journalists as an emergent group within the occupation in the United Kingdom. Two typologies of sports journalists working for national news organisations are identified (traditional and online) and semi-structured interviews conducted with both groups. Drawing on concepts from the sociology of professions, the study applies three sub-definitions of professionalism – normative, cognitive and evaluative – to online sports journalism. The findings indicate that online sports journalists both see themselves and are seen as professionally illegitimate in all three sub-definitions despite a reputation for digital innovation. Sports journalists consider their professional jurisdiction to be defined by traditional norms, values and practices while refusing to accommodate newer, digitally native approaches. Traditional sports journalists enhance their legitimacy by positioning online colleagues as a ‘toy department within a toy department’, similar to how news journalists disparage the sports desk to elevate their own professional claims.
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Mitchuk, Olha. "Specialized fields of journalism in the context of political and philosophical concepts." Obraz 35, no. 1 (2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2021.1(35)-50-59.
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The article aims at examining the existing definitions of institutions of both social phenomena in philosophical science. The analysis of the institute comparison and interpenetration as a philosophical concept is suggested. The notion of a journalistic field is analyzed in view of content structuredness in connection with aspects of the notions of institutionalization of power and law. Peculiarities of several specialized subfields of journalism are analyzed in the context of mass-media production of different information and forms of competition, and cooperation between universal and specialized journalists. Different subtypes of journalism and respective social areas, the degree of interaction between professional and commercial dimensions of the journalistic field are analyzed.
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Sánchez Lorenzo, Jesús. "Cuestiones controvertidas en torno a las instancias de control deontológico de los periodistas en el ámbito del derecho a la información." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 24 (August 27, 2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.24.2019.25437.
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El derecho a la información es un pilar fundamental del Estado democrático del que los periodistas no son los únicos titulares aunque son los que lo ensalzan. Por otro lado, no existe una definición concreta de estos sino una que podría considerarse ambigua ofrecida por el Tribunal Constitucional para evitar, efectivamente, una interpretación inconstitucional del derecho a informar y las garantías en su ejercicio. La deontología profesional de la actividad periodística, recogida en diferentes códigos deontológicos, pretende proteger a los periodistas, a la información y al propio derecho a informar por la repercusión que tienen en la opinión pública libre, institución política fundamental en un Estado democrático. Sin embargo no puede hacer efectiva esta función protectora porque no existe control respecto a las infracciones que se puedan cometer. Y no existe este control porque no se ha llegado a un consenso respecto a la naturaleza que debe regir tal control, pública o privada. Esto facilita que los medios sobrepasen los propios códigos tratando la información como mercancía que se puede manufacturar y hasta fabricar, dada la presión del mercado por ser mejores, con lo que la actividad de los profesionales de la información queda supeditada a aquéllos, con las consecuencias que conlleva para la formación de la opinión pública y el propio Estado democrático.The right to information is a fundamental pillar of the democratic State of which journalists are not the sole holders although they are the ones who extol. On the other hand, there is no a concrete definition of these but one that might be considered ambiguous offered by the Constitutional Court to avoid, really, an unconstitutional interpretation of the right to inform and the guarantees in its exercise. Professional ethics of journalist activity, gathered in different codes of conduct, aims to protect journalists, information and the right to inform itself about the impact they have on the free public opinion, fundamental political institution in a democratic State. Nevertheless it cannot make this protective function effective because there is no control over the offenses that could be committed. And this control does not exist because it has not come near to a consensus regarding the nature that must govern such control, public or private. This facilitates the media exceed the codes themselves treating information as a commodity that can be manufactured and be manufactured, given the market pressures to be better, so the activity of information professionals is subordinated to those, with the consequences that it carries for the public opinion formation and the democratic State itself.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Professional Journalist Definition"
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Long, Kelli A. "CONCEPTUALIZING CITIZEN JOURNALISM: DEFINITIONS AND ROLES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/13.
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Through in-depth interviews with 12 regular contributors to the Lexington-Herald Leader’s website, www.Kentucky.com, this study attempts to examine how online citizen journalists view the definitions of citizen and professional journalism, as compared to Singer’s three dimensions of professionalism (i.e., cognitive, normative, and evaluative dimensions) as well as their perceived role conceptions of professional and citizen journalists, using Weaver and Wilhoit’s four roles of journalists. Analyses reveal that the main difference in the definitions of the two types of journalists revolved around the cognitive dimension, specifically the education and training that professionals receive. The role conceptions of professional and citizen journalists were similar, with the both groups being described as serving the interpretive/investigative and disseminator roles. The roles of citizen journalists also included the adversarial and populist mobilizer roles.
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Schejbalová, Tereza. "Vývoj a současnost novinářské profese a vzdělání novinářů na australském kontinentu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298604.
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Media, being a strongly cultural specific phenomenon is always closesly connected to society. The role of a journalist is influenced by the same process. This thesis is focused on the evolution of the journalism profession in a young and unfamiliar Australian environment and it's differences to a European journalstic environment where the profession has been evolving for a much longer period. Journalism was "imported" to the Australian Continent during British colonisation. This diverse evolution of the journalism profession post colonisation has influenced contemporary journalism education at Australian Universities. Analysis of the study curiculums of Six Universities (Three Czech Universities, which represent the academic model for European academic traditons, and three Australian Universities) will show that differences in journalistic education have strongly influenced the preparation of students into the journalism profession. The thesis will aim to show that Australian Universities are strongly oriented toward practicing skills. This will be shown to be in comparrison to the Czech Universities which focus on principles of general academic knowledge and understanding in the wider context of the journalism profession.
Books on the topic "Professional Journalist Definition"
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Fotieva, Irina, Tamara Semilet, Elena Lukashevich, and Vladimir Vitvinchuk. Russian journalism today: social mission and professional skills. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1044192.
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This monograph is the search for answers to the questions that confront contemporary Russian journalism social and cultural situation of modernity. The authors analyze the correlation of proper and existing in the implementation of the social mission of journalism, the journalism education system, the use of media technologies, the field of journalistic ethics, language and communicative practices of the public sphere, the social effects produced by the media.
As the main characteristics of the modern state of Russian journalism finds confrontation and the confrontation of philosophical positions and methodological studies; in the field of journalism education — the confrontation of the instrumental-pragmatic and humanitarian paradigms; in the creation of modern media — focus on creativity or technology; tolerance or ethics in media communication; definition of leadership in the formation of public opinion and the ignition of problem areas.
Attempts a comprehensive comprehension of the actual problems of modern Russian media: axiological foundations and the social role of journalism; the criteria of journalistic skills and professional ethics; perspectives of media education, language problems of modern communication and success factors of verbal interaction in the media.
Designed for teachers of University departments and faculties of journalism and other Humanities, students in related disciplines and all interested in data range of issues.
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Lasc, Anca I. Interior decorating in nineteenth-century France. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526113382.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the early stages of the interior design profession as articulated within the circles involved in the decoration of the private home in the second half of nineteenth-century France. It argues that the increased presence of the modern, domestic interior in the visual culture of the nineteenth century enabled the profession to take shape. Upholsterers, cabinet-makers, architects, stage designers, department stores, taste advisors, collectors, and illustrators, came together to “sell” the idea of the unified interior as an image and a total work of art. The ideal domestic interior took several media as its outlet, including taste manuals, pattern books, illustrated magazines, art and architectural exhibitions, and department store catalogs. The chapters outline the terms of reception within which the work of each professional group involved in the appearance and design of the nineteenth-century French domestic interior emerged and focus on specific works by members of each group. If Chapter 1 concentrates on collectors and taste advisors, outlining the new definitions of the modern interior they developed, Chapter 2 focuses on the response of upholsterers, architects, and cabinet-makers to the same new conceptions of the ideal private interior. Chapter 3 considers the contribution of the world of entertainment to the field of interior design while Chapter 4 moves into the world of commerce to study how department stores popularized the modern interior with the middle classes. Chapter 5 returns to architects to understand how their engagement with popular journals shaped new interior decorating styles.
Book chapters on the topic "Professional Journalist Definition"
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Coverage, Crime. "Is There a Way Forward for Ambivalent Journalists?" In Murder in our Midst, 183–97. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863531.003.0010.
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An emergent journalism may blend the best practices of the Watchdog and Protector models and inspire a more mature journalistic approach. Ethical hierarchies are used to critique current practices and suggest better ways. Journalism, hampered by a relatively opaque legal system, is tempted to over-dramatize stories. History and politics help explain a system of clientelism in reporting; a partisan and competitive news media; weak professionalism; and a definition of public interest, which fails to fully embrace journalism’s mission in shaping an informed citizenry. News organizations bear the mark of a press once owned by political parties that weaponized them in ideological battles. This history prevents journalists from readily reaching common professional ground. Serious reforms that ground journalism in public service are developing. Elements of a morality of justice and a morality of care are nascent in current practices and reform movements
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Carroll, Fred. "A Crusade into the Digital Age." In Race News. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041495.003.0009.
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Competing definitions of objectivity have shaped the racial history of American journalism and continue to structure how racial issues are reported in digital media today. The black press historically aimed to enlarge the professional meaning of objectivity, hoping to invigorate the United States' democratic impulse. In contrast, the white press aimed to impose a narrow definition of objectivity that served to endorse a discriminatory status quo. Black journalists and black media remain relevant in the digital age because both continue to articulate a racial perspective frequently absent or marginalized in mass media. Despite integration, though, the collapse of journalism’s profitability amid digital transformation means black journalists continue to confront workplace concerns familiar to those encountered by their predecessors.
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Veglis, Andreas A., and Charalampos P. Bratsas. "Data Journalism." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 1196–205. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch103.
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The introduction of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has transformed journalism profession through the digitalization of the work process as well as the introduction of the internet along with its services. Many new types of journalism have emerged, among which data journalism, which require journalists to have special ICT skills. Data journalism is a new form of journalism which has appeared gradually during the previous years, driven by the availability of data in digital form. This article studies the issue of data journalism. Specifically, the article will include a definition of data journalism as well as a discussion on the necessary ICT skills that journalists should have in order to cope with this new type of journalism. These skills are closely associated with the stages of the development of a data journalism project. Also, the relation between data journalism and open data will be presented due the importance of the later in the development of data journalism.
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Veglis, Andreas A., and Charalampos P. Bratsas. "Data Journalism." In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Media and Communications, 12–23. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7601-3.ch002.
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The introduction of information communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed the journalism profession through the digitalization of the work process as well as the introduction of the internet along with its services. Many new types of journalism have emerged, among which is data journalism, which requires journalists to have special ICT skills. Data journalism is a new form of journalism that has appeared gradually during the previous years, driven by the availability of data in digital form. This chapter studies the issue of data journalism. Specifically, the chapter include a definition of data journalism as well as a discussion on the necessary ICT skills that journalists should have in order to cope with this new type of journalism. These skills are closely associated with the stages of the development of a data journalism project. Also, the relation between data journalism and open data will be presented due the importance of the latter in the development of data journalism.
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Nelson, Jacob L. "The Promise of Audience Engagement." In Imagined Audiences, 27–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197542590.003.0003.
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Though there is widespread agreement surrounding the problems journalism faces, there also is a growing rift among journalism professionals and researchers about how best to solve them. A growing number of journalism stakeholders argue that the news should focus more on “audience engagement,” a loosely defined term that generally involves journalists’ incorporating more audience input in news production to more accurately reflect their lived experiences. Those at City Bureau and Hearken believe this more collaborative form of news production will increase the audience’s trust in news as well as the amount of value they derive from it. Others, including many at the Chicago Tribune, disagree. In addition to offering a comprehensive definition of audience engagement, this chapter also traces the disagreement surrounding it to enduring differences in how journalists perceive the public.
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Chereshneva, Iuliia Evgenevna, Liudmila Aleksandrovna Kokhanova, and Sergei Borielevich Golovko. "Proektnoe obuchenie kak sposob motivirovat' na professiiu (iz opyta podgotovki zhurnalistov)." In Развитие науки и образования, 316–25. Publishing house Sreda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21581.
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Theoretical foundations and principles of project training for students in the specialty «Journalism», as a way to motivate a journalist for the profession is studied by the authors. The concept of project training for journalists is based on the idea that training should be motivating, especially when it comes to specialized discipline. The result of such training should be considered the skills and abilities generated by students to use the new things that they received in the course of their studies. The authors summarizing their own experience and the practice of colleagues, determine the main characteristics of this method and the principles, following which allows to obtain the desired results. The definition of «project training» is given as an organization of the educational process, when the study of a course or the entire cycle of courses in a specialty is aimed at the final result obtained in the process of setting the task and its implementation. Mechanisms to achieve this goal are training, workshops, role-playing games such as focus groups. The principles of activity, research (creative) position, objectivity (awareness) of behavior and partner (subject – subject) communication are considered in detail.
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Fiialka, Svitlana. "FORMATION OF BEHAVIORAL NORMS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION FOR THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-3-8.
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The purpose of the paper is to summarize and present stages of formation of behavioral norms of professional communication for the scientific community. The objectives of the study are following: to characterize the meaning of the concept of “scientific community” and clarify its definition; to consider the formation of views on the behavioral norms of the scientific community; to define a set of norms of a modern scientist’s professional ethics. The study presents a narrative review of the literature. During the selection of the papers for review, preference was given to the scientific publications of the classics of sociology of science, in particular published in the form of a monograph and in the journals included to the Web of Science Core Collection. An additional Google Scholar search was conducted to provide a more complete presentation of the scientific results. At the same time, the articles published in predatory journals were excluded from the search (where there are no reviews, the editorial boards of which do not correspond to the subjects of the journals, where articles from journals belonging to leading international scientometric databases, etc. are not cited). We also used the method of analysis of scientific sources, chronological method, methods of classification, comparison, and scientific generalization. The scientists used various metaphors to denote the scientific community: “institute of science” (R. Merton), “field of symbolic production of science” (P. Bourdieu), “invisible college” (D. Price and R. Merton), “social circle of scientists” (D. Crane), “social network of scientists” (R. Collins), “expert reality of science” (P. Berger, T. Luckmann), “scientific discourse” (J.-F. Lyotard). R. Merton codified the norms of science and formulated a “scientific ethos” by proposing a set of four imperatives as normative regulations of science: 1) communism, 2) universalism, 3) disinterestedness, and 4) organized skepticism. T. Kuhn “epistemologized” Merton’s sociological concept of science. R. Merton’s followers T. Parsons and N. Storer developed indicators of the scientist’s profession: a specialized amount of knowledge; high autonomy in attracting and training new members of the scientific community, control of their professional behavior; the need for reward (moral and material). R. Boguslaw rejected Merton’s ethical system as mythological and proposed a set of anti-norms. Later, this system of anti-norms was developed by I. Mitroff, S. Fuller, J. Ziman, and others. P. Bourdieu highlighted the problems of the struggle for a monopoly on scientific competence, the accumulation and investment of scientific capital. Today, the scientific community is understood as a complex system of teams, organizations and institutions that interact both vertically (from laboratories and departments to national academies) and horizontally (the whole set of social institutions, informal groups that do not have an institutionalized structure and administrative regulation). The functioning of the scientific community is determined by the support of the system of values and norms of behavior. Currently, the following key norms of professional ethics of a scientist have been formed: prohibition of plagiarism, objectivity of a scientist; focus on the search for truth; social responsibility of the researcher.
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Coberly-Holt, Patricia G., and Karsen N. Keech. "The Changing Landscape of Plagiarism." In Strategies and Tactics for Multidisciplinary Writing, 185–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4477-8.ch014.
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Plagiarism is a term that one becomes familiar with in high school with increasing consequences in post-secondary education. As we progress in our education, we are alerted to the dangers of plagiarism, but do we all share the same understanding of the term? A review of the literature demonstrates that not all professional journals, editors, or academicians are aligned with what is considered plagiarism. The issue becomes more complicated when defining the length of copied text that constitutes plagiarism and the intentionality of the act of plagiarism. This chapter reviews the plethora of definitions of plagiarism, different types, and inconsistencies and consequences overtime to bring to light the myriad interpretations and manifestations of the elusive interpretations.
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Dahlgren, Anna. "Imposter art." In Travelling Images, 129–59. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126641.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 explores how mass media, in the form of daily press, professional journals and television, represented and interpreted contemporary art that was deemed as illegal acts. In consequence, it considers how media discourses intervened and acted in such artistic and legal processes. At the centre of this study are artworks made by three Swedish artists between 1967 and 2009 which were simultaneously considered as both artistic statements and real illegal deeds. These artworks and the ensuing media debates are illuminating examples of how the notion of art is continuously negotiated and interpreted very differently by various agents in diverse contexts. This chapter, therefore, expands its focus beyond the typical agents of the art world such as curators, critics and art historians to include statements and writing by representatives of politics, media, entertainment, law and the general public. Being controversial acts, these artworks were open to multiple interpretations and fed smoothly into the logic of the media system. Accordingly, the artists and their artworks were described as breaking news in the standard vocabulary of the press. In addition, they all elicited extensive media discussions on the definition of art.
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Oleshko, V. F., and E. V. Oleshko. "Creative Competencies of Journalists in the Context of Digital Environment and Multimedia Development." In Mass media as a mediator of communicative and cultural memory, 247–342. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3074-4.4.
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In the fourth part of the monograph “Mass Media as a Mediator of Communicative-Cultural Memory,” the task of presenting, based on content analysis of texts of 24 Russian mass media for the last seven years, a set of algorithms of modern professional and creative activity of journalists was realized. Indeed, the factor of “involvement” in Internet technologies (sometimes even in a 24/7 mode) today has to be considered as one of the main for the overwhelming majority of the active part of a mass audience. Based on highlighting the main mechanisms of constructing discursive identity, the authors have proved that the most important factor in organizing a dialogue with representatives of its various groups is the intersemiotics and multimedia of media texts. By the example of the functional originality of the mass media of the Big Urals macro-region, it is shown that only a bidirectional nature of broadcasting products of truly creative activity of journalists allows “turning” the audience into a mass communication community. Since the algorithms of collective and individual professional-creative activity of the convergent editorial office are most clearly manifested in the implementation of media projects, these algorithms, due to the lack of study in media theory, are separated for analysis. Applying to concrete mass media the model of management of projects from the classical theory of management where certainly there is also an ethical component, and also considering all features of their modern functioning, authors give the following definition to special mass media projects — a complex of information products of different genres devoted to one theme, constructing or solving a certain problem, and also influencing a concrete group of audience for the achievement of the planned purpose. It was specified that a special project can be accompanied by activities (including public nature) and involves the formation of creative strategies to promote effective goal setting. The projects differ from the daily media activities of this kind in that they have clearly defined objectives to be achieved in a certain time, as well as projected effects or concrete results to be achieved with certainty. The data obtained using system analysis of mass media activity presented in this part of the monograph also testifies that transformations of information sphere in interrelation with communicative memory as one of the bases of the given process lead to a priority task of formation and development of information culture of all subjects of activity spheres of modern media without an exception. Comparison of features and mechanisms of transformation of communicative-cultural memory in general, characteristic for “analogue” and “digital” generations, as it is proved, makes it possible to identify generation priorities in the awareness of cultural identity, to identify significant differences in understanding of these priorities. It is shown that in the future this allows developing models of social media communication capable of ensuring the effective transmission of communicative-cultural memory to the “digital” generation with the use of relevant for young people communication practices, for example, storytellings. The authors consider the ways of overcoming information dysfunctionality in the context of presenting first of all such discursive features of concrete texts of mass media of the Big Urals macro-region as their public character and reliability. The description of forms and ways to overcome the manipulative intentions of the global Network actors is focused on productive information and creative technologies implemented by communicators from various types of media.
Reports on the topic "Professional Journalist Definition"
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Kost’, Stepan. THE CONCEPT OF CREATIVITY IN JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11092.
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The article analyzes some theoretical and practical aspects of creativity. The author shares his opinion that the concept of creativity belongs to the fundamental concepts of philosophy, psychology, literature, art, pedagogy. Creativity is one of the important concepts of the theory of journalism. The author does not agree with the extended definition of creativity. He believes that journalistic activity becomes creativity when it is free and associated with the creation and establishment of new national and universal values, with the highest intensity of intellectual and moral strength of the journalist, when journalism is a manifestation of civic position, when this activity combines professional skills and perfect literary form.The author also believes that literary skill and the skill of a journalist are not identical concepts, because literary skill is a component of journalistic skill.