Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Professionalisme in sport'

The purposes of the investigation were to determine if status of professional sports and professional athletes increases as male participation increases, if perceived status of 'athlete' increases with participation in sports that contain 'male' attributes, and if gender differences are related to status indicators. Sixty-eight students were administered a status-determinants questionnaire. A one-way ANOVA (gender) and a 2 x 12 ANOVA (gender x sport) were employed to determine status ratings of sports. A 3 x 2 (increase/decrease/no change x gender) Chi square was employed to determine status of sports, perceived masculinity of males/femininity of females, and status of the athlete related to gender attributes of sports.

<p>Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa hur två fotbollsföreningar i Västerås påverkats av amatörismens avskaffande 1967. Gideonsbergs IF (damer) och Västerås SK (herrar). Undersökningen har fokus på hur dessa föreningars organisation och budget förändrats i och med professionalismens införande i den svenska idrotten, samt hur föreningarna skaffat sponsorer. Dessutom påvisas de skillnader som funnits mellan föreningarna. Forskningsansatsen är kvalitativ och data har insamlats främst från de båda föreningarnas styrelseprotokoll men även genom en intervju med en person som varit anställd av båda föreningarna under den undersökta perioden. Resultatet blev att tydliga förändringar syntes inom båda föreningarnas budget och organisation efter amatörismens avskaffande. Omsättningen i föreningarna ökade och organisationerna effektiviserades. Likheter och skillnader mellan klubbarna redovisas även.</p>

The aim of this dissertation is to study the conditions of and changes in sociative democracy processes at club level. One sports club is studied, Örebro Sportklubb (ÖSK), from its foundation in 1908 up to 1989. The main sources are club minutes, member magazines and annual reports. Democracy, and its twofolded relation to sport and economy processes, is the main problem area of the study. The specific question is how aspirations for economic effectiveness and sporting success influenced the democracy processes in ÖSK between 1908 and 1989. The Swedish sports movement has been described as a democratic movement. But the same movement has also been portrayed as an undemocratic movement made of men, for men. The study is based on a broad understanding of the democracy concept where issues of representativeness, influence, participation and knowledge are prominent. At a club level, the study is analysing the contents of the Swedish sports movement's democracy and its change during the 1900s. The thesis also illustrates how the pursuit of economic efficiency affected the associative democracy. These efficiencies were visible already in the 1920s, but was deepened during the 1970s. In short, the democratic range decreased, and successful sections became less and less motivated to finance the deficits of other sections. But the increased market orientation did not only represent a threat to the associative democracy. Marketisation and commercialization also preconditioned the democracy. At the club arena (Eyravallen), the members met in the clubhouse and café which, in turn, deepened the social capital and friendships within the club.

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Montagner<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beneli_LeandrodeMelo_M.pdf: 6552494 bytes, checksum: 72c3a7441903346038f8b7be15a3f22d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: O esporte moderno passou por profundas transformações (mercantilização, profissionalização e espetacularização), sobretudo através do modelo capitalista, que modificaram suas estruturas buscando atender à demanda ávida pelo consumo deste fenômeno. Diante desse fato, observa-se a introdução de características do profissionalismo na organização institucional do basquetebol masculino brasileiro nas diversas áreas que abrangem a modalidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse estudo é discutir sobre a apropriação das características do esporte profissional nas categorias de base do basquetebol masculino paulista. Como objetivos específicos esse estudo buscará contextualizar a origem e o desenvolvimento do esporte moderno, referenciar a trajetória institucional de organização do basquetebol masculino brasileiro, e analisar a estrutura organizacional das categorias de base do basquetebol masculino paulista. Baseado na classificação metodológica realizada por Gil (2002) no tocante aos objetivos e aos procedimentos técnicos, este estudo optou pela pesquisa exploratória e pelos procedimentos: bibliográfico e documental. Este estudo contribui para a área das ciências do esporte, na medida em que propõe explorar o material bibliográfico em torno do tema, visando compreender esse fenômeno complexo, e organizar um estudo que promova a discussão destes questionamentos. No capítulo 1 será contextualizado o processo histórico, especificadamente, a formação e o desenvolvimento da ¿sociedade burguesa¿, responsável por mudanças sociais que se refletiram nas práticas esportivas. Em seguida, serão discutidas as práticas esportivas iniciais e a forma como estas se organizaram em duas instâncias, na Europa (Inglaterra) e nos Estados Unidos (EUA). No terceiro tópico, o desenvolvimento do esporte moderno ao longo do século XX, permeando questões como a profissionalização e a espetacularização de algumas modalidades, inseridas na sociedade de massa e na sociedade de consumo. E por fim, apresentará o modelo da lógica capitalista de Jean Marie Brohm sobre o processo de transformação do esporte moderno. O capítulo 2 buscará contextualizar o desenvolvimento do basquetebol masculino no Brasil, abordando: a origem, a forma como a modalidade se institucionalizou no país e a trajetória da prática amadora para uma prática profissionalizada. Após a compreensão das transformações do esporte moderno e da organização do basquetebol masculino no Brasil, no capítulo 3 será elaborada uma discussão a respeito das categorias de base masculina do Estado de São Paulo, buscando entender como as relações estruturais e as mudanças na organização se estabeleceram neste cenário. Diante da discussão, percebe-se nessas categorias a presença de características da profissionalização do esporte, de maneira semelhante à categoria adulta: na organização do calendário anual, na maneira como se estruturam as equipes em relação às condições de treinamento e preparação para as competições, e principalmente, na forma de financiamento das equipes, dos atletas e dos profissionais envolvidos com a modalidade<br>Abstract: The modern sport passed to an intense transformations (mercantilization, professionalization and espetacularization), through the capitalist model, modified their structures looking for attending the avid demand for the consumption of this phenomenon. Buy the way, it¿s observed in the institutional organization of basketball the introduction of characteristics of the professionalism. So, the general aim is to discuss the appropriation of the characteristics of professional sport in the male¿s base basketball categories from São Paulo. As specifics aims this study will be looking for contextualize the origin and the development of the modern sport, understand the institutional trajectory of male¿s Brazilian Basketball organization, and analyze the organizational structure of the male¿s base basketball categories from Sao Paulo. Based on the methodological classification accomplished by Gil (2002) about the objectives and to the technical procedures, this study opted for the exploratory research and for the bibliographical and documental procedures. This study contributes to the area of the sports sciences, since it intends to explore the bibliographical material around the theme, aiming to understand that complex phenomenon, and to organize a study that promotes a discussion of these subjects.In the first chapter it will be contextualized the historical process, the formation and the development of the "bourgeois society", responsible for social changes that reflected in the sporting practices. Afterwards, the practices sporting initials and the form as these were organized will be discussed in two instances, in Europe (England) and in the United States (USA). In the third topic, the development of the modern sport along the twentieth century, discussing linked subjects as a professionalization and espetacularization of some modalities, including into the mass society and consumed society. Finally, will be present the model of capitalism logic by Jean Marie Brohm about the process of the modern sport transformation. In the second chapter will be looking for contextualize the evelopment of the male¿s basketball in Brazil, like: the origin, the form as the modality was institutionalized in the country and the trajectory of the amateur practice for a professionalized practice. After understanding this, in the third chapter will be elaborated a discussion about the base¿s categories in the State of Sao Paulo, reaching understand as the structural relationships and the changes in the organization established in this scenery<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias do Esporte<br>Mestre em Educação Física

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a constituição dos espetáculos esportivos na cidade de São Paulo, entre o final do século XIX e o início do XX. São investigados os espetáculos relacionados ao turfe, ao ciclismo e, particularmente, ao futebol. A tese examina a passagem histórica dos esportes individualizados, com apostas, para as disputas entre equipes de atletas, baseadas apenas no mérito. Analisa também a importância do estádio como espaço de sociabilidade, com atenção especial sobre o Velódromo Paulista, uma arena para exibições esportivas que existiu no bairro paulistano da Consolação, entre 1895 e 1916. O universo da moderna cultura urbana é relacionado às transformações ocorridas dentro das famílias da elite de origem rural, algumas das quais tiveram atuação destacada na organização dos espetáculos atléticos. O estudo chamou atenção para o papel dos esportes no processo de modernização do estilo de vida urbana. Examinou o aparecimento do clube esportivo como entidade da sociedade civil e a transformação das agremiações atléticas, originalmente constituídas por rapazes, em associações para o congraçamento familiar. As análises apontaram para a função mediadora ocupada pelo clube esportivo entre a esfera privada do lar e as organizações político-partidárias. Ao acompanhar o processo histórico de ressignificações da ética esportiva importada da Europa, o autor observou que o futebol era divulgado no meio urbano paulista como pedagogia social conservadora e os espetáculos assumiram a função de transmitir os valores morais defendidos pela elite. Notou as deficiências das relações entre a educação física escolar e os jogos informais de futebol espalhados pela cidade, bem como as características clientelistas do futebol amador da época. Revelou a emergência do profissionalismo acobertado pela moral do amadorismo. Acompanhou a tumultuada constituição dos órgãos federativos em âmbito regional e nacional, mostrou que a partir da segunda década do século XX os espetáculos de futebol ganharam grande importância nas relações políticas nacionais e na diplomacia entre os países do Cone Sul<br>This is a study on the incorporation of sporting events in the city of São Paulo between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Performances related to turf, cycling, and particularly to soccer are reviewed. The dissertation analyzes the historical transition of the individual sports, with bets being placed on disputes among athletic teams, based solely on merit. It also examines the importance of the stadium in terms of sociability, with a special focus on the Velódromo Paulista, a stadium for sports events, which existed in the neighborhood of Consolação between the years of 1895 and 1916. The universe of modern urban culture is related to the transformations which occurred within the elite families of rural origin, some of which demonstrated prominent co-operation in the organization of athletic events. The study drew attention to the role of sports in the process of modernization of urban lifestyle. It also examined the emergence of sports clubs as a civil society organization and the transformation of athletic associations, which originally consisted of boys, into associations for family socialization. The analysis highlighted the role of sports clubs as mediators between private home environments and the political party organizations. By monitoring the historical process of reinterpreting sports ethics imported from Europe, the author notes that soccer was disclosed in urban São Paulo as a conservative social pedagogy and performances took on the role of transmitting moral values upheld by the elite. He also observed the shortcomings of the relationship between the physical education in schools and the informal soccer games which took place throughout the city as well as the patronage of amateur soccer of the time. He revealed the appearance of professionalism covered up by the morale of amateurism. He monitored the tumultuous creation of federal agencies at a regional and national level, and indicated that as of the 1920s, soccer performances gained significant importance in national political relationships as well as with regard to diplomacy among the countries of the Southern Cone of Latin America

Historiskt sett har idrotten i Sverige utövats dels efter ett amatörideal i syfte att bekämpa ohälsa, dels efter eget idrottsintresse. Idrotten har sedan den etablerade sig, följt samhällsutvecklingen och anpassat sig därefter. När amatörregeln togs bort på 60-talet genomgick idrotten en förändring mot professionalisering vilket bland annat innebär att anställda inom professionella idrottsorganisationer erhåller ekonomisk ersättning för deras arbete och utövarna kunde tjäna pengar på sin idrott. Idrotten utvecklades i samhället och kommersialisering blev ett fenomen som har gett bestående inslag inom idrottsvärlden, där det nu återfinns flera kulturella värdegrunder som består av ideell, professionell och kommersiell idrott. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om de olika kulturella värdegrunderna kan förenas inom en idrottsorganisation och om det då uppstår några problematiska situationer, spänningar, när de förenas. Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie där tre semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Resultatet utgick ifrån Schein’s organisationskultursmodell samt de kulturella värdegrundernas identiteter och visade på att organisationskulturen formas och integreras av ideell, professionell och kommersiell idrott samt att det uppstår spänningar när dem förenas i en organisation. I detta fall blir den professionella och kommersiella verksamheten mer dominerande i organisationskulturen.<br>Historically, sports in Sweden have been practiced either according to an amateur ideal for the purpose of combating ill-health or and in accordance with the athletes own sports interest. Since its establishment, sport has followed social development and adapted accordingly. When the amateur rule was removed in 1967, the sport underwent a change towards professionalization. It is primarily sports organizations that compete at the highest level and with a focus on team sports that have embraced this professionalization. The professionalization meant that employees in sports organizations were paid a salary and that the athletes could make money from their sports. Development in sport has since continued in line with society and commercialization has become a phenomenon as well as a lasting element that has taken over parts of the power in the sports world. This has created different cultural values ​​in sports.  We now talk about non-profit -, professional - and commercial sports. This study investigates whether these values ​​can work together within an elite organization and what tensions may arise between them. The study is a qualitative case study in which three semi-structured interviews have been conducted. The analysis was based on Schein's organizational culture model, which focuses on the levels of artifacts, espoused beliefs and values ​​and basic underlying assumptions. The result showed that organizational culture is shaped and integrated by the different cultural values.

In recent times, the performances of the South African senior national team (“Bafana Bafana”) have not matched the impressive off-field advancements in South African professional soccer. At the historic 2010 FIFA World CupTM held in South Africa, Bafana Bafana became the first host nation to be eliminated in the first round of the competition. Such disappointments have compelled stakeholders in South African soccer to call for a re-assessment of all structures and programmes which have an impact on the playing abilities of South African players. Of prime importance is the need to obtain a better understanding of talent development in South African soccer. The aim of this research study was to determine the relevance of selected factors associated with successful talent development in South African male professional soccer players competing in the 2008-2009 ABSA PSL season. In order to accomplish the research aims, the literature relating to talent development concepts and models was examined. The literature review identified seven factors which are relevant to talent development in soccer. The empirical study was exploratory, and it utilized a descriptive, non-experimental approach. Data were collected via a 53-item questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate the identified seven factors. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 56 South African professional soccer players who played for clubs participating in the 2008-2009 season of the ABSA Premier Soccer League. The results obtained from the sample were analysed in terms of their descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The following six factors were statistically confirmed as being associated with the successful talent development of the sample: Training Environment, Motivation and Ambitions, Personal Development, Family Support, Cultural Factors and Coaching. These six factors accounted for 58 percent of the overall variance. The questionnaire had a reliability of 0.84, as measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The study concludes that talent development in South African soccer is a multifactorial and complex process. Although the sample size was not suitable for discriminant analysis, theories such as the relative age effect and the „10-year rule‟ may be applicable to South African soccer. This study also adds to the limited body of knowledge on South African soccer, by identifying and scientifically analysing those factors which are associated with successful talent development. As success on the international stage becomes a priority in South African soccer, the identified factors serve as a sound scientific basis in the formulation of improved structures and strategies for perfecting the abilities of young soccer players, and increasing the competitiveness of Bafana Bafana.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate how the deregulation of the agent license has affected football players' experiences of agents in general, the trust in agents and the experience of the agents' competence and professionalism. To gain an understanding of the football players' experiences, the Rational Choice theory was chosen, where the Principal Agent theory was used to explain the results of the study. Previous research that dealt with competence and professionalism in the agent industry, trust and confidence between the player-agent and research on the deregulation of the agent license and the agent regulations were also used to explain the football players' experiences.  To investigate the football players' experiences, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six professional football players who were active in either Allsvenskan, Superettan or in foreign professional leagues by the 2020 season at the latest. Five of the interviews were conducted on Zoom and one through a physical meeting where the recording was performed in the mobile application AVR X. The study shows that the interviewees perceive the agents who were licensed before the deregulation of the agent license and the agent regulations as more professional and competent than agents or intermediaries who became active after the deregulation.  The interviewees who have had agents for longer periods experience greater trust and confidence in agents in general than players who have had longer periods without agents. The study also shows that these players to a greater extent perceive agents as competent enough to trust them to handle their negotiations with clubs and sponsors. On the other hand, most of the interviewed players are negative in regards of signing contracts with agents. The study showed an interesting aspect regarding external influence on the interviewed players' opinions about agents, namely that although they can be influenced by the sports director's opinions but mainly because negative publicity of the agent can lead to bad relationship with the employer and possibly affect the player's career. The interviewed players can be influenced by other players' opinions about the agent, but in the end, their own opinion and relationship with the agent is most important. Media is the external factor that affects the interviewed players' opinions about agents the least.    Key words: deregulation of the agent license, trust, competence, professionalism.<br>Syftet i denna studie har varit att undersöka hur avregleringen av agentlicensen har påverkat fotbollsspelares upplevelser av agenter överlag, förtroendet till agenter samt upplevelsen av agenternas kompetens och professionalitet. För att få förståelse av fotbollsspelarnas upplevelser valdes Rational Choice teorin där Principal-agent teorin användes för att förklara studiens resultat. Tidigare forskning som behandlade kompetens och professionalitet i agentbranschen, förtroende och tillit mellan spelaren-agenten samt forskning om agentlicensens och agentreglementets avreglering användes också för att förklara fotbollsspelarnas upplevelser.  För att undersöka fotbollsspelarnas upplevelser utfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex professionella fotbollsspelare som var senast säsongen 2020 aktiva i antingen Allsvenskan, Superettan eller i utländska professionella ligor. Fem av intervjuerna utfördes på Zoom och en genom en fysisk träff där inspelningen utfördes i mobilapplikationen AVR X.   Studien visar att intervjupersonerna upplever agenterna som var licensierade innan agentlicensens och agentreglementets avreglering som mer professionella och kompetenta än agenter eller förmedlare som blev aktiva efter avregleringen.  Intervjuade spelare som har haft agenter längre perioder upplever större förtroende och tillit för agenter överlag än intervjuade spelare som har längre perioder valt att vara utan agenter. Studien visar även att dessa spelare i större utsträckning upplever agenter som tillräckligt kompetenta för att lita på dem att sköta deras förhandlingar med klubbar och sponsorer. Å andra sidan är majoriteten av de intervjuade spelarna negativa till att skriva avtal med agenter.  Undersökningen visade en intressant aspekt gällande yttre påverkan på de intervjuade spelarnas åsikter om agenter, nämligen att visserligen kan de påverkas av sportchefens åsikter men främst på grund av att negativ publicitet av agenten kan leda till dålig relation till arbetsgivaren och eventuellt påverka spelarens karriär. Intervjupersonerna kan påverkas av andra spelarnas åsikter om agenten, men i slutändan är den egna åsikten och relationen till agenten viktigast. Media är den yttre faktorn som påverkar de intervjuade spelarnas åsikter om agenter minst.  Nyckelbegrepp: avreglering av agentlicensen, förtroende, kompetens, professionalitet.

The recent departure of Czech football clubs participating in the top two competitions for the newly created League of Football Association (LFA) has given rise to a number of questions. This step is generally considered to be a significant step towards emphasising the differences between the professional and amateur areas of football in our country. The goal of this dissertation was to demonstrate the differences and the similar features in the management and leadership of this type of sports organisation on the basis of practical research undertaken in two selected clubs. FC Jablonec nad Nisou from the first division served as an example of the professional sphere, while FC Loko Vltavín was selected as a representative of the amateur game. The findings were then used to compare these two kinds of clubs in relation to various aspects of their complex functioning. General principles and specific features have been drawn from this for both qualitative levels. The results have particularly demonstrated the significant influence of club economics and the competitive environment, which mutually influence and to a certain degree determine the level of all other areas which the people from the club management are involved in.

碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>體育研究所<br>88<br>The Study of Professionalism for Sports-Journalists ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to find out the content of professionalism for sports-journalists, which property will affect the professionalism and differences between the professionalism for sports-journalists and the other journalists. The study surveyed the sports-journalists from 7 TV stations and 4 newspapers through questionnaire. Ninety-one completed questionnaires was returned for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. This study conclude as followings: 1. 7 common factors were extracted for the sports-professionalism scale. 2. Age, formal schooling, level of game attended, sport interest, job experience, career plan, media attributes, job attributes were found significantly different in their conception of professionalism, while others not. 3. Significant differences were found among backgrounds of sports communication, sports participation, sports experiences, knowledge level about sports and rules of game, information about athletes and sports envirement, abilities of foreign languages, abilities of sports analysis and comment, self enriching, enthusiasm and interests, patience and concentrating, willing to learn and carefulness, tolerance, positive and constructive attitudes of newsreporting, softness and delight, indifferent to fame and wealth, life plan, sports promoting, clean and healthy images, publicising of sports values, job autonomy, maintaining balance between commercial interests and autonomy, sports-based discussions between sports-journalists and other journalism in general. Key Words: professionalism, sportsnews, sports-journalist

M.Com. (Taxation)<br>South African sportsmen and women (from now on collectively referred to as sportsmen) are currently facing new and exciting opportunities that were previously not available during the years of international sanctions. Opportunities such as international competition, meetings and extensive overseas tours have become the order of the day. However, to be able to compete at international level, means that sportsmen have to employ an ever increasing amount of resources to their sport, which results in the sport being transformed from a hobby or leisure time activity to a semi-profession. Due to this transformation, sportsmen are demanding compensation for the effort put into their sport. Despite strict amateur rules ample compensation is received by the sportsmen, which brings us to the question of what would the taxation implications be of such compensation received by amateur sportsman as a result of their participation in their respective sports. This study is aimed at answering this question, with specific reference to the two major so-called amateur sports, namely athletics and rugby. The Income Tax Act of 1962 makes no mention of income received by a sportsman specifically from the participation in any sport. To be able to answer the question reference has to be made to law reports and the general interpretation of the Act, and with the application of the same principles to the compensation received by a sportsman. The first important factor to determine is at what stage the sportsman crosses the proverbial Rubicon, in other words at what stage does the sport change from a leisure time activity to a profession. Various criteria relating to the income received have to be considered, amongst which are the following: - An amount in cash or otherwise - Received by, or accrued to a person - During the year or period of assessment - Excluding receipts and accruals of a capital nature - From a source within or deemed to be within the Republic of South Africa. Should the sportsman receive any compensation which complies to all the above mentioned criteria, then this compensation would be considered to be 'gross income' as specified in the Income Tax Act (Act 58 of 1962)(hereafter refered to as 'the Act'), and is the sportsman obliged to declare this compensation as gross income. As a result of the strict amateur rules, sportsmen are continuously looking for ways to obtain a commensurate compensation which is related to the amount of time, money and effort put in by them in the participation of their sport. One such an instrument is the use of trusts. This can be an effective way of earning a commensurate income from sport but it is important for the sportsman to keep track of the taxation implications of these instruments, especially as it is expected from the sportsman to declare all income received or accrued to him during the year of assessment.

The introduction of the 2002 King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa has placed new emphasis on companies to attain higher and more consistent standards of governance. Based on widely recognised and supported governance frameworks it also inspired a rising expectation of accountability and transparency across every aspect of society and also other types of organisations. Through the establishment of the guidelines found in the King II Report the doors have been opened to sport and its various bodies to draw from the experience of corporations and to make use of some of these guidelines in the development of their own guidelines aimed at their own respective needs and purposes. The sports industry and especially its governing bodies need guidelines for proper governance due to the raised level of interest and impact of sport lately. As a result of the corporatisation of sport and increased professionalism, a greater need for proper business management and governance models within sport becomes apparent. The government has also placed renewed emphasis on the need for sport to become more professional in the manner in which it governs itself. If the sports industry cannot achieve this by means of proactive voluntary action and self-regulation, it runs the risk of legislative regulation, which threatens to undermine the sanctity of flexibility and self-regulation which has been central in the development of sport. This study presents a first attempt to determine the levels of non-adherence by national sports federations of South Africa to the principles of best practice governance, identified as the pillars of good governance. These principles are taken from the King II Report, and also the guidelines developed during the first Governance-in-Sport conference. This, a national study in which all South African national sports federations were approached and asked to participate, carries the support of Sport and Recreation South Africa as well as the South African Sports Commission.<br>Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2004.<br>gm2014<br>School of Public Management and Administration<br>unrestricted

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física<br>The following internship report emerged in the context of the master’s degree in Physical Education Teaching in the Elementary and Secondary Cycles of the Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education of the University of Coimbra. The Pedagogical Internship is presented as the last stage of the physical education (PE) teacher, where the intern professor has the possibility to apply in real context all the knowledge acquired along his/her academic career, besides having the possibility to perform all the tasks that are inherent to the teaching process. Thereby, this report results from the work developed along the last academic year (2018/2019) during the Pedagogical Internship carried out at Quinta das Flores Elementary and Secondary School, with the 10th A class of the Science and Technology course. As mentioned before, the Pedagogical Internship is the last stage of the academic path related to the education of the PE teacher, intended to sharpen our knowledges and increased our range of skills, becoming crucial to deeply reflect on them. Therefore, the following report intends to describe all the activities and tasks performed, as well as make a reflection to present the lessons learned. Hence, this report is divided in three chapters. The first chapter introduces a practice contextualization, which includes a characterization of the school, the PE Disciplinary Group and the 10th class. The second part of this work subsists on a reflective analysis of the teaching-learning process management (acting in the dimensions of pedagogical intervention, evaluation process, etc.), as well as all the tasks performed throughout the internship. Finally, the third chapter explore the problematic of “The physical sports activity of parents and children and the achievement in Physical Education”.<br>O presente Relatório de Estágio surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de Educação de Física nos Ciclos Básico e Secundário da Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de Coimbra. O Estágio Pedagógico apresenta-se como a última etapa de formação do docente de Educação Física (EF), onde o professor estagiário tem a possibilidade de aplicar em contexto real todos os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do seu percurso académico, exercendo todas as tarefas que são inerentes ao exercício da docência. O relatório apresentado deriva do trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do Estágio Pedagógico realizado na Escola Básica e Secundária Quinta das Flores, no ano letivo 2018/2019, com a turma do 10ºA pertencente ao curso Científico Humanístico de Ciências e Tecnologias. Como referido anteriormente, o Estágio Pedagógico constitui a última etapa do percurso académico relativo à formação do professor de EF, onde aprendemos muito e aumentamos o nosso leque de competências, tornando-se crucial refletir de uma forma profunda acerca das mesmas. Assim, com este documento pretendo descrever todas as atividades e tarefas desenvolvidas, bem como efetuar uma reflexão acerca das mesmas de modo a apresentar as aprendizagens alcançadas. Este relatório encontra-se então dividido em três capítulos. O primeiro diz respeito a uma contextualização da prática, que engloba a caracterização da escola, do Grupo Disciplinar de Educação Física e da turma do 10ºA. O segundo subsiste na análise reflexiva da gestão efetuada em termos do processo ensino aprendizagem (atuação nas dimensões de intervenção pedagógica, processo avaliativo, etc), bem como de todas as tarefas efetuadas ao longo do estágio. Por último, o terceiro capítulo é o aprofundamento de um Tema-Problema, que consiste num estudo relativo à " prática de atividade físico-desportiva e ao aproveitamento em Educação Física”.

Entre 1995 e 2008 o basquetebol português teve pela primeira vez uma liga profissional de séniores masculinos. Este processo teve início em 1989 com a formação da Liga de Clubes de Basquetebol (LCB), criada com o objetivo de gerir esta competição e constituída por todos os clubes que nela participavam. Paralelamente ao que acontecia na modalidade o Estado português iniciava em 1990, com a Lei de bases do sistema desportivo (LBSD), uma nova legislação sobre o desporto que englobava as competições profissionais. Sucederam-se nessa década vários regimes jurídicos que regulavam federações desportivas, contratos de trabalho, sociedades desportivas e competições profissionais. Os primeiros anos de Liga Profissional de Basquetebol (LPB) são marcados por um período de relativo sucesso, mas também por constante adaptação às novas leis e as suas revisões. Os problemas relacionados com a dificuldade em contextualizar a legislação à realidade do basquetebol, e os conflitos resultantes da gestão da LCB, originaram vários casos que foram minando a credibilidade e sustentabilidade deste projeto. Em 2008 a LPB deixa de ter condições para continuar em funcionamento. É objetivo desta tese perceber o nível de responsabilidade do Estado no insucesso da competição assim como a agenda política que levou à nova legislação, utilizando a ajuda da perspetiva Pluralista. Por outro lado é construída a narrativa sobre o debate político entre os principais atores da modalidade e as decisões que contribuiram para o desfecho da Liga, utilizando a Advocacy Coalitions Framewok.<br>Between 1995 and 2008, the portuguese basketball had for the first time a professional competition named Liga Profissional de Basquetebol (LPB). The birth of the Basketball Clubs League (LCB) in 1989, with the goal of managing the championship and constituted by the sport main teams, was the beginning of this process. At the same time, the portuguese State introduced in 1990 the framework law of sports (LBSD), a new legislation that included an approach on professional competition. Several legal framewoks on the regulation of subjects as the sports federations, Sports Sociaties, work contracts and professional competitions in general, ensued in that decade. The first years of the LPB are of relative success but also of incessant adaptation to the new laws and consequent revisions. The struggle to contextualize the legislation to the basketball reality, and the problems originating from the LCB management, resulted in several incidents that undermined this project and eventually lead to the end of the LPB. It’s the goal of this PhD to understand the role of the Portuguese State in the fate of the professional league and also its political agenda in the making of a new legislation, resorting to the help of the Pluralist Perspective. On the other hand, the Advocacy Coalition Framework will be applied to study the political debate between the main institutions of basketball that added to the conclusion of this narrative.