Journal articles: 'Profit and loss accounting'

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Müllerová, Libuše. "Accounting Profit/Loss and Tax Base." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2008, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.274.

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CALLEN, JEFFREY L. "A Medieval Controversy About Profit and Loss Allocations." Abacus 23, no. 1 (March 1987): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.1987.tb00141.x.

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Suwandi, Suwandi, Marsani Asfi, Viona Firlisia, and Sylvia Chandra. "PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI METODE SINGLE STEP UNTUK MENGHITUNG LABA RUGI STUDI KASUS PADA CHAMPION GYM CIREBON." JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN BISNIS : Jurnal Program Studi Akuntansi 5, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jab.v5i1.2042.

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This study discuss the problems in Champion Gym that are related to accounting records is the calculation of the income statement still using manual methods, not using a computerized system that complies with accounting standards. So that makes it difficult for management in terms of calculating the income statement every month. The purpose of this study was to create a Profit and Loss Report Calculation System Application Using Single Step Method, which is expected to help Champion Gym management in calculating the company's profit / loss for each period .. The profit and loss calculation application using the Single Step Method can facilitate the management of Champion Gym in calculate income, costs and profit / loss generated each period. So that Champion Gym management can find out in real terms about the company's profit / loss every accounting period. The results of this system are expected to have an impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of Gym operations and obtain an accurate income statement through maximum profit.

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Pakšiová, Renáta. "The Critical Analysis of Profit for its Allocation Decision-Making." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64, s1 (December 1, 2017): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0039.

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AbstractThe decrease of the business property can cause a reduction in the production ability of the enterprise to the extent causing an involuntary closing of business activities. It is usually caused not only by the reported loss, but also by the greater distribution of profits, as is the amount of the real level of the enterprise's distributable profit. A thorough analysis of the reported accounting profit described in this paper should be the starting point for the allocation of profit. It is important to be able to identify and assign a portion of the accounting profit, corresponding to the non-realised profit and fictitious profit, where eventual release outside the enterprise threatens the future performance of the enterprise. These portions of the reported profit do not correspond to the actually made, realised and real production, which is a necessary condition to achieve a real profit to possible safety division to investors.

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Pinnuck, Matt, and Anne M. Lillis. "Profits versus Losses: Does Reporting an Accounting Loss Act as a Heuristic Trigger to Exercise the Abandonment Option and Divest Employees?" Accounting Review 82, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 1031–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.4.1031.

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The binary classification of firms into profits or losses represents a powerful heuristic. The literature that has examined the impact on the firm of this earnings heuristic has focused on the earnings management actions of small profit firms. The impact of this earnings heuristic on the actions of firms reporting accounting losses and the decision-making effects the heuristic may have other than earnings management have not been examined. In this study we hypothesize that reporting an accounting loss acts as a heuristic trigger for firms to exercise the abandonment option and discard unproductive investments. The results are consistent with the hypothesis. We find that there is a sharp and economically significant discontinuity around zero in the level of investment in labor between small profit and small loss firms. The discontinuity is due to loss firms having a lower-than-expected level of investment in labor, given their economic fundamentals. Further tests show that this discontinuity is due to the exercise of the abandonment option. We find that firms switching from a profit to a loss cut labor to a greater extent than other firms with similar changes in earnings that do not pass the loss threshold. Taken together the results are consistent with the accounting loss heuristic acting as a major disciplinary or incentive altering event that resolves agency problems.

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Charviena, Charviena, and Elis Tjhoa. "Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Laba Rugi Operasi, Solvabilitas, Umur Perusahaan, Klasifikasi Industri, Dan Ukuran Kap Terhadap Audit Delay." Jurnal ULTIMA Accounting 8, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v8i2.582.

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The objective of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of company size, profit or loss, solvability, age of company, classification of industry, and public accounting firm size towards audit delay. In this study, company size was measured by log total asset, profit or loss measured by company’s operational profit or loss, solvability measured by total debt to total asset (TDTA) ratio, age of company measured since company establishment year until year of financial statement, classification of industry measured by non financial or financial industry, public accounting firm size measured by big four or non-big four. The object of this study was the company listed in Indeks Kompas 100 between 2012- 2014, sample was selected with purposive sampling, and the statistic method used in this study was multiple regression. The result of this study was profit or loss, solvability, age of company, classification of industry, and public accounting firm size had no effect towards audit delay, while company size had significant effect towards audit delay. All independent variables had significant effect towards audit delay simultaneously. Keywords : Audit Delay, Classification of Industry, Company Age, Company Size, Profit or loss, Public Accounting Firm Size, Solvability

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Bourguignon, Annick. "Management accounting and value creation: the profit and loss of reification." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 16, no. 4 (May 2005): 353–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2003.03.001.

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Dopuch, Nicholas, Chandra Seethamraju, and Weihong Xu. "The pricing of accruals for profit and loss firms." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 34, no. 4 (August 28, 2009): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-009-0144-9.

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Jirásková, Simona. "Range data reported to the requirements of the IAS 12 and impact of the IFRS adoption for tax purposes in the tax collection of the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 4 (2013): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040961.

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An issue of relationship between corporate income tax and accounting is one of the most discussed at present. Until recently the tax base was derived from the accounting profit defined in the Czech accounting law. But from 2004 there are companies which have to use IFRS in bookkeeping and financial reporting and from the perspective of the Czech accounting law they do not care about Czech accounting regulation. On the other hand Czech tax regulation has not accepted this change in the field of European accounting harmonization and still directs to pay tax on the basis of Czech accounting regulation for all entities. Fear of adverse change in tax collection is one of the main reasons why the Czech Tax Administration does not allow to pay income tax under profit or loss patterned on IFRS. The most important goal of this work is to characterize the relationship between accounting profit or loss under IFRS and the tax base of income and to find out the impact of taxation under profit in accordance with IFRS in total tax collection. Basic sample of all analyses consists of 35 accounting entities which mandatorily use IFRS and this sample was also confronted with a list of 106 major payers of income tax published yearly by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic for the needs characterization of the relationship of profit under IFRS and the tax base of income.

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Ciuhureanu, Alina-Teodora. "Instruments and Fianancial Performance Indicators or The Capitalization of Accounting Information from The Profit and Loss Account – Meanings Useful to Management." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0084.

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Abstract For the capitalization of accounting information in view of financial performance analysis of the company, management must operate at least based on intermediate management balance, the cash flow, breakeven point and earnings per share, indicators established, first, by using the information in the statement Profit and Loss Account. Based on these considerations, the paper addresses, by the exploratory research, the main constructions based on financial accounting information presented in the profit and loss account, the objective being to show the opportunities and limitations of information generated for management.

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GADAU, Liana. "THE ADAPTATION OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT TO THE CURRENT REQUIREMENTS REPORTING OF THE PERFORMANCES." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 16, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1637.

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The financial performance - a very complex notion and high informational load forusers of accounting information is reflected best by the financial statements, the profit andloss account and the situation of equity variations. The last situation can be presented as astatement of comprehensive income, including beside the result of profit and loss account, thegains and losses directly recognized in equities without passing through the profit and lossaccount.The development of increasingly complex activities emphasizes the utility, thenecessity of the profit and loss account in the financial reporting by increasing the interest inthe enterprise performance, especially for the dynamic information that this situation canprovide.Meanwhile, there is a declining interest in the historical costs and static information.Although the balance sheet contains information on performance, it does not prevent theachievement of its forecasts.In this paper we propose to approach the profit and loss account in view of tworepresentative referential, namely in terms of IAS 1 standard “The preparation andpresentation of the financial statements” and the national regulation, the Finance Order no.1802/2014 regarding the Approval of the Accounting Regulations on the annual individualand consolidated financial statements, aiming to emphasize the advantages, but also thelimits provided by this models. This way, will see which of these models of profit and lossaccount respond best to users’ needs.

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Jie, ZHANG, LIU Yu-jie, PAN Tao, FENG Zhi-ming, YANG Yan-zhao, and GE Quan-sheng. "Ecological profit and loss accounting in the preparation of natural resources balance sheet." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 35, no. 4 (2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20200401.

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Genta Fitrio, Udiananta. "Analisis Informasi Akuntansi Diferensial Dalam Membantu Pengambilan Keputusan Menerima Atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus Pada Perusahaan Indah Cemerlang Malang." Akubis: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 1, no. 02 (December 1, 2016): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37832/akubis.v1i02.25.

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This study aims to determine the analysis of differential accounting information in assisting decision-making accept or reject special orders at Indah Indah Cemerlang Malang. The problem is that the company in decision-making is based on the total costing, so that for special orders below the normal selling price is not accepted because it is considered not to provide additional profits for the company. The results of the analysis with quantitative descriptive method that (1) Capacity of the company is not enough enough to receive special order terrazzo tile size 30 x 30 cm in the year 2014 as much as 2,875 m2, (2) There has been a market separation between regular sales with sales to serve special orders whose price (3) Analysis of differential accounting information as the basis of decision making emphasize the technique of calculation by the method of variable costingmaka company can maximize the profitability in 2014, where the calculation of profit / loss of the company for tegel terrazzo product size 30 x 30 cm Year 2014 is Rp. 30.294.066,59, - obtained from the regular sale of Rp. 21.693.872,00, - and additional profit from receiving special order Griya Singosari Inside Rp.8,600,194,59,-. If the company receives a special order from Griya Tanjung Priok Jaya, Grand Villa Dau, Dieng Inside and Bumi Royal Park the company should be able to earn additional profit of Rp. 24,799,830.90, - so the calculation of profit / loss of the company for tegel teraso product size 30 x 30 cm can achieve a maximum profit of Rp. 55.093.896, 49, -.

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Tazkia, Zilzi Zade. "Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Laporan Keuangan Laba Rugi pada Restoran Eatboss Dengan Menggunakan PHP dan MySQL." is The Best [Accounting Information System & Information Technology Business Enterprise] 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/aisthebest.v4i1.1831.

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This study aims to design a financial statement accounting information system application for Eatboss restaurant using the PHP and MySQL programming languages. The design of the financial statement accounting information system application in Eatboss restaurant using PHP and MySQL is done using library research and survey methods. At this time, it is necessary to prepare financial statements of profit and loss for each company, including restaurants, to find out the profit or loss gained during the specified period of the company. So that the company can determine the next decision for the continuity of better company activities.The design of fiinancial statement accounting information system in Eatboss reataurant using PHP and MySQL can facilitate omapnies in managing financial reports. With the maximum use of the financial statement accounting information system design at Eatboss restaurant using PHP and MySQL, it is expected that the company can more quickly and easily manage its financial statements based on accounting standards.

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Wijaya, Tony. "Penerapan Perpetual Inventory System dalam Perhitungan Laba Rugi Kotor Perusahaan Dagang." Creative Information Technology Journal 5, no. 4 (March 19, 2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2018v5i4.223.

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Laporan laba rugi merupakan laporan krusial bagi setiap perusahaan yang berorientasi laba. Laporan ini dihasilkan tiap akhir periode akuntansi dengan menjabarkan penjualan atau pendapatan dikurangi dengan biaya atau beban yang ada. Namun pada prakteknya, ada kalanya pimpinan memerlukan laporan ini di tengah periode akuntansi dengan mengabaikan beban atau biaya pada periode tersebut. Laporan laba rugi yang belum dikurangi segala biaya dan beban disebut laba rugi kotor. Walaupun belum sepenuhnya akurat, namun laporan ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pencapaian (milestone) laba perusahaan dibandingkan dengan target yang hendak dicapai. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengimplementasikan metode pencatatan Perpetual Inventory System sehingga dapat menghasilkan laporan laba rugi kotor secara instan kapan saja diperlukan, tanpa menunggu akhir periode akuntansi. Perancangan program pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Agile dengan pendekatan Extreme Programming. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode black box untuk memastikan fitur yang dibutuhkan sudah sesuai. Dalam hal ini penulis membandingkan hasil perhitungan laporan dengan perhitungan manual yang terbukti benar dan akurat. Dengan adanya laporan laba rugi kotor yang dapat diakses setiap saat, perusahaan dapat lebih fokus pada pencapaian target laba perusahaan.Kata Kunci —Laba rugi kotor, Sistem Informasi Dagang, Perpetual Inventory System.Profit and loss report is crucial report for every profit-oriented companies. This report is generated at the end of every accounting period by calculating the difference between sales or income with costs or liabilities. But in reality, sometimes CEOs may need this report in the middle of accounting period where it excludes costs or liabilities for the period. Profit and loss report which exclude costs or liabilities is called gross profit and loss report. Although it is not fully accurate, this report can be useful to determine how far profit milestones has been reached by the company compare to the desired target. In this research, the writer implements Perpertual Inventory System method to generate gross profit and loss report instantly whenever needed, without the need to wait until the end of accounting period. Software is designed using Agile Development Method with Extreme Programming approach. Blackbox testing is used to ensure all required features are working. In this case, the writer compares results between generated report and manually calculated which proven correct and accurate. With gross profit and loss report which can be accessed anytime, company can focus to achieve company’s profit target.Keywords— Gross Profit and Loss, Trade Information System, Perpetual Inventory System

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Makarem, Naser, Khaled Hussainey, and Alaa Zalata. "Earnings management in the aftermath of the zero-earnings discontinuity disappearance." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 19, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-03-2017-0047.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate earnings management by firms reporting a small profit or a small loss after the recent evidence that the discontinuity around zero earnings has disappeared. Design/methodology/approach Using a large sample of US firms for the period 2002–2011, regression analysis and earnings distribution approach are employed to examine the earnings management of small-profit and small-loss firms in terms of both accruals management and real activities manipulation. Findings The results suggest that both small-profit and small-loss firms are engaged in upward manipulation of accruals and real activities. This implies that failure to document a difference between firms to the right and left of zero by prior studies is not due to small-profit firms not managing earnings, but rather this is more attributable to loss firms engaging in upward manipulation. Furthermore, it is indicated that the discontinuity around the distribution of earnings change has also recently disappeared as firms reporting a small earnings decrease demonstrate similar earnings management behaviour to those reporting a small earnings increase. Research limitations/implications This study is subject to the measurement error which is a common limitation in the earnings management literature. Practical implications The results suggest that the users should be aware that, in addition to firms that meet benchmarks by a slight margin, firms narrowly missing benchmarks are also involved in earnings management. Originality/value This study shows that the disappearance of the discontinuity around zero earnings and zero change in earnings should not be interpreted as a sign of no earnings management. It also explains how earnings management could have contributed to the disappearance of the discontinuities in earnings distribution.

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CARR, PETER, and LIUREN WU. "Option Profit and Loss Attribution and Pricing: A New Framework." Journal of Finance 75, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 2271–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12894.

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Nuryani, Nunung, Tan Thing Heng, and Phan Ferah. "Value Relevance of Firms' Reportable Segment Profit or Loss Reconciliation." GATR Accounting and Finance Review 2, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/afr.2017.2.3(4).

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Objective - The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) No.8 adopted in Indonesian GAAP (Statement No. 5, 2012) requires a company to provide a reconciliation of the total of the reportable segments' profit or loss of the firm's profit or loss. The objective of this standard is to improve the value relevance of information in the financial statement. This study aims to investigate the value relevance of the segment reconciliation and the determinants of segment income dissimilarity, i.e. agency cost, proprietary cost, and audit quality. Methodology/Technique - Data used in this study was a secondary data obtained from 142 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2009 to 2013. Purposive sampling method yielded 59 firms. Two research models were used to test proposed hypotheses. Findings - The results show reconciliation of total of segments' profit or loss of the firms' profit or loss positively affects the market value of equity; this means segments' reconciliation disclosure has value relevance for the investment decisions. In addition, this paper provides evidence that audit quality negatively affects the segment income dissimilarity, while agency cost and proprietary cost have no effect. This is consistent with hypothesis that firms audited by the Big Four tend to avoid disclosure of dissimilarity between firms profit or loss and segment profit or loss. Novelty - Our findings show that audit quality (Big 4 accounting firms) plays an important role in reducing dissimilarity between the sum of segment profit and firm profit (segment profit dissimilarity) Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Segment Reconciliation; Value Relevance; Agency Cost; Proprietary Cost; Audit Quality. JEL Classification: M41, M42.

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Ciftci, Mustafa, and Masako Darrough. "What Explains the Valuation Difference between Intangible-intensive Profit and Loss Firms?" Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 42, no. 1-2 (January 2015): 138–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12108.

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JONES, STEWART, and MAX AIKEN. "The Significance of the Profit and Loss Account in Nineteenth-Century Britain: A Reassessment." Abacus 30, no. 2 (September 1994): 196–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.1994.tb00350.x.

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Otavová, Milena. "Proposals of changes in the financial statements of non-profit organizations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 2 (2013): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361020417.

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Financial statements (balance sheet, profit and loss statement) intended for profit and non-profit organizations have large number of differences in terms of content of individual items and also with regard to their formal structure. This is due to the existence of different types of accounting entities for which there are created sets of accounting rules. Need for separate set of accounting rules results from their objectives, management rules, performed activities and certain specific of costs, revenues, assets and liabilities. The differences found on the basis of comparative analysis in this paper are evaluated and subsequently there are recommended changes of the statements so that they would be more useful for the purposes of economic analysis. The paper also identified problems that arise in connection with the evaluation of the efficiency of this type of organizations and subsequently there are recommended tools of financial analysis suitable for evaluation of non-profit organizations and the specifics of non-profit sector are pointed out. The paper presents also the proposal to change the Decree 504/2002 Coll. so as to avoid distortion of financial statement closing of non-profit organizations, and also with regard to their higher explanatory power.

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Aini, Qurotul, Anoesyirwan Anoesyirwan, and Yuli Ana. "Effect of Cloud Accounting as income statement on Accountant Performance." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 4, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v4i1.920.

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A simple and secure security accounting system is a system needed by various large and small companies where of course the company is never separated from accounting in order to process financial expenditures and revenues owned by companies that have a purpose to make a profit. Efforts to achieve success in a company can be seen from financial management which can be monitored and can be managed properly so that finance can be controlled well too, for that accuracy is an important role so with the company's cloud accounting it can be easier to monitor and also manage financial well, so it will be easier to make income / loss statements. cloud accounting provides a user friendly look that can certainly facilitate users. The purpose of this study is so that companies can pay more attention to monitoring and managing finances well so that it can facilitate the making of income statement . In this study took place used observational research methods and field library studies so that the system made can meet the existing needs of the company.

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Profumo, Giorgia. "Editorial Note." Corporate Board role duties and composition 14, no. 3 (2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv14i3_editorial.

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The third issue of the journal “Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition” in 2018 is devoted to the issues of accounting standards, financial reporting, profit and loss contracts, IFRS, inside debt, CEO pay slice, executive compensation, incentives, organisational demography, board size, board leadership structure, CEO duality, sustainable development, environmental accounting etc.

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Schlesinger, Harris, and Emilio C. Venezian. "Ex ante loss control by insurers: Public interest for higher profit." Journal of Financial Services Research 4, no. 2 (July 1990): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00352564.

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Sahoo, Bharata Bhusan, and Alok Kumar Pramanik. "Value Added: Technique for Corporate Performance Measurement under Social Perspective." KINERJA 21, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v21i1.1038.

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Financial Analysts consider as profit the most important measure of business performance. Profit may be expressed in terms of money value and measured as sales margin percentage or be calculated as return of investment. These, in any form, are used as basis for measure of business performance. In recent years, considerable interest have been shown in the use of value added as an alternative or additional approach to measure the operational efficiency and profitability of a business. A lot of discussion have been going on about reporting the performance of an organization in terms of value added rather than conventional profit or loss. The information disclosed by the Statement of Value Added, based on Value Added Accounting and reporting is considered to be much more useful than that disclosed by the conventional profit and loss account in providing a realistic basis for measuring the economic performance of an organization. The concept has received great attention in accounting practices with the emergence of large corporations having significant bearing on the society and finally on the economy for multi-dimensional impact over and above the owners. Value added system is a very useful measure of judging the performance of an enterprise for managerial decision-making and for inter-firm comparison.Keywords: Value Added; Value Added Accounting and Reporting, Value Added Statement, Annual Report.

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Widiastuty, Tri. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME PEMBIAYAAN BERBASIS BAGI HASIL PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Manajemen 21, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v21i1.149.

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This research was conducted to prove how much do profitability, inflation rate, and non performing financing give effect to volume of profit and loss sharing based- financing that observed from Shariah banks annual report. This research is expected to provide benefits for the development of Sharia accounting knowledge, especially related to Islamic banking financing products. In addition, this research is also expected to provide input for management of Islamic banks to determine the factors that may effect to volume of profit and loss sharing based- financing and to give information for investors that can be used as the basis for a decision to invest in Islamic banks. Sample selection method used in this research is purposive sampling method. Sample in this research are 10 Islamic banks in Indonesia with the research period ranging from 2003 to 2014. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results of this research indicate that profitability doesn’t have a positive effect to volume of profit and loss sharing based- financing, inflation rate doesn’t have a negative effect to volume of profit and loss sharing based- financing, and non performing financing doesn’t have a negative effect to volume of profit and loss sharing based- financing.

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Wolf, Franziska, Munirul H. Nabin, and Sukanto Bhattacharya. "Marketable profit-and-loss sharing contracts: Broadening the global non-equity capital markets." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c6art3.

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In this paper we have provided the theoretical foundation for a “profit-and-loss sharing contract” as a practicable alternative to corporate bonds. We mathematically demonstrate that the standard pricing model for a straight coupon bond is obtainable as a special case of a profit-and-loss sharing contract valuation model. We also show that the returns to the holder of a profit-and-loss contract, even in the presence of market friction, can be potentially greater than those from a straight corporate bond if there is a substantial default risk premium. Our analysis provides a means of broadening the global market for non-equity capital by offering an alternative to interest-bearing debt which is not socio-religiously acceptable in some cultures and can be of special relevance, for example, to many emerging markets in Asia and Middle East

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Arena, Marika, Antonio Conte, and Marco Melacini. "Linking environmental accounting to reward systems: the case of the Environmental Profit and Loss Account." Journal of Cleaner Production 108 (December 2015): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.068.

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Marshall, Roger, and Andrew Lennard. "The Reporting of Income and Expense and the Choice of Measurement Bases." Accounting Horizons 30, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-51541.

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SYNOPSIS:This paper contributes to the development of a “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” as currently being undertaken by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Building on the ideas of “asymmetric prudence” and the business model, it contrasts “value added” and “price change” businesses and argues that an entry price is appropriate for the operating assets of the former kind of business while a current market value is appropriate for the latter. It notes that both historical cost and current cost are entry values. While accepting that historical cost is likely to continue to be widely used, it questions whether the Conceptual Framework should preclude the use of current cost, and argues that if current cost is to be used, then the cost of consumption should be reported separately from holding gains and losses. The paper advocates the reporting of operating income, and discusses what items of income and expense should be reported in other comprehensive income rather than in profit or loss. It questions whether all such items should be “recycled” to the statement of profit or loss in a later accounting period.

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Franzen, Laurel, and Suresh Radhakrishnan. "The value relevance of R&D across profit and loss firms." Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.11.006.

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Kudryashova, Yu N., T. G. Lazareva, T. N. Makushina, and Yu V. Chernova. "The organization of management accounting as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700028.

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The article discusses a comparative analysis of full cost systems, “direct cost” and “standard cost”. A comparative characteristic and features of using the accrual method and the cash basis method in management accounting are given. A practical example illustrates the advantages of using the cash method and the accrual method in calculating marginal income. The necessity of reflecting the marginal profit on a separate account 92 “Marginal profit (loss)” is substantiated and, in accordance with this, correspondence of accounts on the formation of marginal income using various methods is proposed. A new methodology for calculating CVP analysis indicators is proposed.

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Lytneva, N. A. "REGISTRATION-ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES IN THE AUDIT OF FINANCIAL RESULTS OF AGRIBUSINESS." Education and Science without Limits: Fundamental and Applied Researches, no. 10 (November 25, 2019): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2500-249x-2019-10-198-202.

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In the article audit technique of financial results of agricultural enterprises is considered It is based on registration-analytical procedures of incomes and expenses providing information validity formed in the accounting (financial) reporting which is subject to obligatory audit. Used accounting subsystems to reflect of operations of defining profit (loss) from sale of agricultural production, final financial result according to the results of fiscal year are disclosed.

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Łazarowicz, Edyta. "Evaluation of information in the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of WIG30 companies." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 2018, no. 97 (153) (May 10, 2018): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0377.

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The aim of the article is to analyze and assess the comparability of the structure and content of statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of listed companies included in the WIG30 index (excluding financial institutions and foreign companies) and to propose some solutions to increase comparability. 21 financial statements for 2016 were analyzed. Two research methods were used: literature review and anal-ysis of the content of financial statements. All companies presented gross profit subtotal, which classified expenses by function in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income (almost 75% of analyzed companies). However, some differences were observed in the calculation of that subtotal. The majority of the companies also presented other subtotals which are not required by IAS 1 – an operating profit subtotal and profit before tax subtotal. Generally all companies classified expenses by nature in the manner prescribed in the Polish Accounting Act. IASB should consider a requirement that companies pre-sent more additional subtotals in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and should also prescribe the way of its calculation because many companies in the world (including Poland) present such subtotals. Moreover, in order to increase comparability of this statement, it might be advisable to introduce more detailed regulations concerning classification of expenses by nature and the place of presen-tation of the item Share of result of associates and joint ventures, because as some research indicates there are inconsistencies at the global scale. The findings of this research can be useful for the IASB work on changes in the structure and content of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income to increase its comparability. Moreover, in Poland, previous research concerning the structure and content of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income mainly focused on other comprehensive income rather than profit or loss.

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Persson, Martin E., and Stephan Fafatas. "Accounting measurements, profit, and loss: a science fiction play in one act by Harold C. Edey." Accounting History Review 28, no. 1-2 (May 4, 2018): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21552851.2018.1469419.

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Othman, Norfaizah, Mariani Abdul-Majid, and Aisyah Abdul-Rahman. "Determinants of Banking Crises in ASEAN Countries." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 09, no. 03 (October 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993318500096.

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This paper attempts to estimate the determinants of crises on Islamic banking system during financial crises using early warning system (EWS) with particular focus on the element of profit–loss sharing. Profit–loss sharing has significant impact in reducing crisis probability experienced by the Islamic banking system. This suggests that profit–loss sharing may be considered as one of the risk mitigation techniques for bank to remain resilient during the crises. The results further show that full-fledged Islamic banks have higher chances of experiencing crises relative to the Islamic subsidiaries banks. In addition, economic freedom and overvaluation in the currency are more likely exposed to banks to the crises.

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Hürlimann, Werner. "Analytical Bounds for two Value-at-Risk Functionals." ASTIN Bulletin 32, no. 2 (November 2002): 235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.32.2.1028.

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AbstractBased on the notions of value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk, we consider two functionals, abbreviated VaR and CVaR, which represent the economic risk capital required to operate a risky business over some time period when only a small probability of loss is tolerated. These functionals are consistent with the risk preferences of profit-seeking (and risk averse) decision makers and preserve the stochastic dominance order (and the stop-loss order). This result is used to bound the VaR and CVaR functionals by determining their maximal values over the set of all loss and profit functions with fixed first few moments. The evaluation of CVaR for the aggregate loss of portfolios is also discussed. The results of VaR and CVaR calculations are illustrated and compared at some typical situations of general interest.

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Han, Liang, and Cai Lan Lin. "The Profit and Loss Accounting Method to Propel the Management of the Key Customer in the Coach Industry." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3221.

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With the main problems which exist on the key customer management and the characteristics of high costs and high returns on the domestic coach industry, then it is necessary to further grade the key customers who are confirmed based on the ABC classification through the profit and loss accounting method. To identify the real key customers, which is in order to realize the benefit development of the customers and optimize configuration of the enterprise resources, and finally the enterprise realizes the benefit development. The analysis results of this paper show that: it is necessary for the coach enterprises to grade the key customers, so that it can better control the enterprise cost and realize the goal of enterprise profit by identifying and managing the real key customers from the perspective of cost control.

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Bidabad, Bijan, Mahmoud Allahyarifard, and Mahshid Sherafati. "Rastin partnership accounting part I: general procedure." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 490–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2016-0049.

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Purpose This paper aims to explain a new system of accounting for partnership financing that applies in Rastin profit and loss sharing banking. In this system, the interest rate is not used in calculations and accounting, and instead, the “time value” of capital based on the amount and duration of the partnership is used. Design/methodology/approach Rastin Partnership Accounting principles have been founded on off-balance-sheet items and on the basis of the institutions’ obligations to the depositors and receivers of financial resources, and they are in compliance with the nature of the financial intermediary activity (a partnership of depositor in the yields of the fund receiver via the bank). Findings The distribution of profit among stakeholders (including workforce and capital owners) is accomplished according to the share of each beneficiary in the created value added. In this regard, Euler’s theorem, as the best mathematical-economic innovation for distribution of income is applied. Research limitations/implications This system is novel, and it is required to be more elaborated for further practical development and adjustment. Practical implications In this accounting system, the return of the partnership is distributed among sharers based on the amount and duration of their partnership. The penalty for delay in payment is calculated from the amount of the incurred loss due to negligence or blameworthy of the undertaker and not upon a penalty interest rate. Social implications Interest rate as an essential factor in conventional accounting is not usable in Islamic banking and other similar institutions that work based on partnership, such as mutual funds and saving and loan associations. The proposed system removes this shortage and is fairer than the conventional accounting. Originality/value Approach of this accounting system is fully different from the conventional accounting because of intrinsic characteristics of the intermediary role of financial partnership institutions and Islamic banks.

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Barua, Abhijit, Joseph Legoria, and Jacquelyn Sue Moffitt. "Accruals Management to Achieve Earnings Benchmarks: A Comparison of Pre-managed Profit and Loss Firms." Journal of Business Finance Accounting 33, no. 5-6 (June 2006): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.2006.00017.x.

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Daykin, C. D., and G. B. Hey. "Modelling the operations of a general insurance company by simulation." Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 116, no. 3 (December 1989): 639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002026810003674x.

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1.1 The traditional approach to examining the financial status of a company is to look at the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. Such information is usually publicly available, it is certified by the auditors as having been drawn up according to relevant accounting standards and it is generally presumed to communicate reliable information.1.2 In the case of a manufacturing or trading company the profit and loss account records purchases and sales and the balance sheet will include a valuation of stock in hand, since it is anticipated that this will give rise to future sales income. Working capital is required because products have to be manufactured or purchased before they can be sold. Profit is realized when the product is sold for more than it cost to buy it or to make it.

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Sedláček, Jaroslav, Zuzana Křížová, and Eva Hýblová. "Comparison of accounting methods for business combinations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 2 (2012): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020315.

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The revised accounting rules applicable to business combinations in force on July1st 2009, are the result of several years efforts the convergence of U.S. and International Committee of the Financial Accounting Standards. Following the harmonization of global accounting procedures are revised and implemented also Czech accounting regulations. In our research we wanted to see how changes can affect the strategy and timing of business combinations. Comparative analysis is mainly focused on the differences between U.S. and international accounting policies and Czech accounting regulations. Key areas of analysis and synthesis are the identification of business combination, accounting methods for business combinations and goodwill recognition. The result is to assess the impact of the identified differences in the reported financial position and profit or loss of company.

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AlShattarat, Wasim K., and Muhannad A. Atmeh. "Profit-sharing investment accounts in islamic banks or mutualization, accounting perspective." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 14, no. 1 (July 4, 2016): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-07-2014-0056.

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Purpose Islamic banks use Mudarabah contract to replace the interest-bearing deposits with profit-sharing investment accounts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and problems associated with the employment of Mudarabah contract by Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach The study critically analyzes the Mudarabah contract used by Islamic banks. It reviews the evolution of the contract from its traditional type to more complicated types such as compound, unrestricted, commingled and continuous Mudarabah. The paper investigates the problems that have emerged from implementing such types in current business settings. Findings The paper proves that implementing the Mudarabah contract by banks imposes several problems among which are the following: difficulty in the determination of total profit resulting from Mudarabah and in allocating this profit to the multiple parties involved in Mudarabah; usage of reserves to cater against future losses may undermine the concept of Mudarabah profit-loss sharing and lead to earnings management; corporate governance is also a major problem in Mudarabah contract, as the depositors are exposed to risks but have no governance rights; and Mudarabah may also lessen the fair presentation of financial reporting. Research limitations/implications The paper examines the evolving Mudarabah contract and its implementation challenges, based on available literature (no empirical analysis was conducted). Practical implications The implications are significant for the future development of Islamic contracts and Islamic accounting treatments. Originality/value Many studies explored the Mudarabah contract from a Shariah or law perspective. However, this paper investigates the Mudarabah contract with a focus on the implication on accounting and financial reporting because of the lack of studies in this area. Furthermore, it demonstrates the persistent flaws in the Mudarabah contract, and it proposes a new model for mobilizing funds, i.e. mutual fund.

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Козменкова, Svetlana Kozmenkova, Грушин, and Ilya Grushin. "Accounting operations of non-state pension provision." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 3 (October 24, 2013): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1320.

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The article considers the accounting of pension reserves in one of the core activities on state pension provision. In view of the upcoming reform of the pension, the question of safety of funds of depositors of non-state pension fund is becoming increasingly important. Pension reserves will be a guarantee of a sound, reliable and accounting will increase the transparency of operations with data and tools will enhance the credibility of non-state pension fund from potential participants. It should be noted that in the pension law the concept of “income” and “net financial result” is not disclosed to the extent that would definitely say that the result of the financial activities of non-state pension fund can be both profit and loss. Moreover, the interpretation of the concepts of “profit” and “loss” are absent in the pension legislation, and regulations on accounting, they also , in our opinion, is not disclosed to the fullest. Thus, we believe that the concept of “income” from the point of view of the special pension legislation, we believe that can be interpreted not only in the narrow sense, as the economic benefits , but also more broadly - as the financial results of non-state pension fund. The article assesses the use of the account 96 “Provisions for future expenses”. This recommendation is due to the lack of adapted chart of accounts for the non-state pension fund and is flawed and does not meet modern requirements of the law. The solution to this problem would be the formation of the adapted model chart of accounts in the preparation of which would be taken into account specifics of the non-state pension fund, as well as the opinions of experts in the field or making additions to the Ministry of Finance №110n. In our opinion the accounting for pension reserves must allocate a separate synthetic account with sub-accounts for these types of reserves.

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Drum, Dawna M., and Andrew Pulvermacher. "Accounting Automation and Insight at the Speed of Thought." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51441.

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ABSTRACT Modern organizations are inundated with data, and they often struggle to organize it in an efficient and effective manner in order to get the most value from the data. The context of this case is, thus, situated in current business practice. Students are given large data files that were extracted from an enterprise system. They must use Microsoft Access and Excel to summarize and organize the data to create a dynamic profit and loss statement. Basic skills in Excel and general accounting knowledge are assumed, while Access knowledge is not assumed. The Teaching Notes provide solutions and are organized to allow instructors to provide minimal guidance or fully annotated directions.

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Ben Jedidia, Khoutem. "Profit- and loss-sharing impact on Islamic bank liquidity in GCC countries." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (May 28, 2020): 1791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2018-0157.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of the principle of profit- and loss-sharing (PLS) on the exposure to liquidity risk of Islamic banks in Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries. The Islamic bank activity is distinguished by a PLS principle, which is likely to involve specificities in the bank liquidity issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the determinants of Islamic bank liquidity over the period 2005–2016 using a panel of 23 Islamic banks in GCC. The system of generalized method of moment estimators is applied. Findings The findings reveal that while profit-sharing investment accounts (PSIAs) are inversely proportional to Islamic bank liquidity, the PLS investment does not seem to act as a determinant of the bank liquidity. The fact that PSIAs are globally short-run accounts, but finance long-run projects leads to a substantial maturity mismatches, which limits the availability of liquidity buffer and exacerbates the bank’s exposure to liquidity risk. Moreover, capital adequacy ratio has significant and positive association with bank liquidity, as a strong capital ratio helps to strengthen the liquidity control. However, return on assets has a negative significant impact on bank liquidity. For instance, if the bank holds more cash, it deprives itself from placing funds and earning returns, which causes its profitability to decline. Practical implications This paper gives further insights to better improve the liquidity risk management in a context of scarcity of Shariah-compliant instruments. Islamic bank needs to determine the PLS purpose and goals to be consistent with the “bank’s financing policy” and convince its depositors to use their deposits for medium and long-run investments. Originality/value Unlike previous empirical research, this investigation tries to better grasp the Islamic bank liquidity issue by focusing on the PLS impact on liquidity risk. It aims to fill in the gap in the empirical literature on this topic.

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Yaya, Rizal, Ilham Maulana Saud, M. Kabir Hassan, and Mamunur Rashid. "Governance of profit and loss sharing financing in achieving socio-economic justice." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 12, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 814–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2017-0161.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the governance practices of profit and loss sharing (PLS) financing in connection to the socio-economic development objective of the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Design/methodology/approach The study context included IFIs from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A two-stage research methodology was used. In the first stage, top ten IFIs – three Islamic commercial banks, three Islamic rural banks and four Islamic micro finance institutions – were considered for in-depth interviews. Formal interview protocol was followed to record and transcribe interviews. In the second stage, a questionnaire survey considered 26 IFIs. Unit of measurement was individuals working at the mid and top level from the selected organisations. Findings The governance process of providing and managing PLS financing involves several critical factors, such as the financing duration, instalment timing, contract approval and cost, basis of sharing, risk management, customer empowerment and Sharīʿah compliance. Contrary to the existing belief, the authors found that PLS financing is primarily available for shorter period of time (three years) and it is unavailable for start-ups. Also, newer IFIs rely less on PLS financing than the older IFIs. In addition to worrying about the higher risk of return, IFIs considered government regulation on PLS to be tighter in terms of provision and rescheduling. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to investigating IFIs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This limitation is covered by taking samples from three types of IFIs. Practical implications For IFI practitioners, these findings are expected to improve their confidence in undertaking more progressive efforts in adopting governance policies that contribute to greater socio-economic justice. Social implications If the governance good practices are implemented by all IFIs, a higher degree of social welfare and customer awareness can be achieved. Originality/value Across all types of IFIs, this study’s results confirm that PLS is less preferred for long-term and start-up financing. These findings should be the ingredients to push research on PLS further, as these findings grossly violate the theory. Fulfilling these gaps could strengthen the nexus between PLS and socio-economic justice.

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Ebach, Eva Marie, Michael Hertel, Andreas Lindermeir, and Timm Tränkler. "Toward an optimal hedging strategy considering earnings volatility through fair value accounted financial derivatives." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2015-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine a financial institution's optimal hedging degree under consideration of costly earnings volatility induced by fair value accounted derivatives. The discussion on the adoption of fair value accounting in the financial industry has been rather controversial in recent years. Under this accounting regime, the change in market values of specific assets must be considered as profit or loss. Critics argue that fair value accounting induces higher earnings volatility compared to historical cost accounting and, therefore, may initiate a downward spiral during recessions. Thus, increased earnings volatility induces costs, which can be explained by disappointed capital market expectations. Consequently, in general, a lowering of earnings volatility will be rewarded. Consistent with this theoretical finding, empirical research provides strong evidence that companies pursue income smoothing to reduce earnings volatility. In contrast to industrial corporations, financial institutions may easily reduce their earnings volatility by engaging in additional hedging activities. However, more intense hedging usually reduces expected profits. Design/methodology/approach Based on a research project initiated by a large German bank, this study quantitatively models the trade-off between the (utility of) costs of earnings volatility and the reduction of profit potential through additional hedging. Findings By conducting sensitivity analyses and simulations of the crucial factors of the trade-off, we examine relevant causal relationships to obtain first indications about the economic benefits of income smoothing. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to develop an optimization model that supports decision-making by attempting to determine an optimal (additional) hedging degree considering the costs induced by earnings volatility.

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Wu, Hai. "Probability of loss reversal in Australia." Australian Journal of Management 42, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 560–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896216673411.

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Investors in loss firms assess the likelihood of these firms reverting to profit (i.e. loss reversal). This research examines the factors useful for predicting future loss reversal in the Australian market. Specifically, it focuses on loss firms’ investment activities, in addition to factors examined in previous US literature. The results show that when the level of investment in specialised assets, such as mineral exploration and research and development, is high relative to fixed-asset investment, future loss reversals are less likely to occur. In contrast, a high level of fixed-asset investment increases the likelihood of future loss reversal. These results hold implications for loss-firm valuation. Further analysis documents a positive association between the ex-ante probability of loss reversal and future abnormal stock returns for loss firms with a weak information environment. Investors in these loss firms could benefit from the findings of this study.

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Rixon, Daphne, and Karen Lightstone. "Passion or profit: Bloody Creek Vineyard." CASE Journal 13, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 750–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-09-2016-0071.

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Synopsis Edward Rowan, 89 year-old patriarch and the Rowan family were trying to decide if they should start a vineyard in the Nova Scotia Annapolis Valley. Edward had a life-long dream of starting a vineyard on this five-acre farm. Edward, his son David and granddaughter Mary along with their respective spouses had agreed to be partners and provide financing to start the vineyard. The time had arrived to make a decision because they had to order the vines by the end of the month. While they have an extended family to provide free labor for planting, pruning and harvesting along with free access to the necessary machinery, they wanted to be sure that they did not lose money on the venture. They recognized the first four to five years would not generate profits, but they wanted to ensure that in the long term the venture would be viable. Research methodology This case was developed from an interview with Donna Rowan, a documentary review of the family’s estimates as well as an interview with the owner of a well-established vineyard in the Annapolis Valley. Secondary sources were used to provide information on the industry and average costs to operate a vineyard. The case uses a partial disguise with respect to the names of family members. The case was tested at the Atlantic Schools of Business student case competition where ten teams from different Atlantic universities participated. The authors were not judges and all suggested changes have been incorporated in the case. Relevant courses and levels The relevant courses are: managerial accounting undergraduate programs; intermediate accounting and entrepreneurship courses in undergraduate programs; second-level accounting and entrepreneurship courses in MBA programs; and professional accounting programs’ CPA.

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Okamoto, Ken, Shunsuke Matsushima, Hirofumi Hara, and Chikanori Terai. "Profit and Loss Analysis for a Tertiary Emergency Care Facility with HOMAS (Universal Hospital Management Accounting System)." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 17, no. 6 (2006): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.17.210.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Profit and loss accounting'

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