Relevant bibliographies by topics / Profit of enterprises

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Profit of enterprises'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Choi, Eunsoo, Eunji Kim, Inji Kim, and Incheol Choi. "Attitude Toward Social Enterprises: A Comparison between For-Profit and Social Enterprise Employees." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072720.

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Social enterprises, organizations that pursue social purposes while generating profits, have garnered attention recently as potential key players for a sustainable economy. However, research on the perception of social enterprises by lay people has been ignored even though positive reception of social enterprises is an important condition for their sustainability. In the present study, we compared for-profit enterprise employees (n = 200) and social enterprise employees (n = 162) and examined their differences in attitude toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises as well as the employees working for social enterprises. The results showed that for-profit enterprises overestimated that social enterprise employees were extrinsically motivated and underestimated their prosocial intentions. In addition, for-profit enterprise employees were less favorable toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises, including payment of high salaries for the social enterprise employees and using donations to run social enterprises. Interestingly, the difference between for-profit and social enterprise employees in their attitude toward the profit-making aspects of social enterprises was explained by lay theories of altruism called “pure altruism.” The present research makes important contributions by identifying the psychological mechanisms that underlie individuals’ perceptions and attitude toward social enterprises.
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Sirenko, K. Yu. "Formation and distribution of the enterprise profit." ScientifiScientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 2021, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2021.02.171.

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The purpose of the article is to study the stages of formation and distribution directions of enterprise profits, substantiation of proposals for improving the process of profit management in the enterprise. Profit occupies one of the main places in the general system of value instruments of a market economy. It ensures the stability of the enterprise, guarantees its full financial independence. The methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison were used in the article. The characteristic of a role of the enterprise profit in the conditions of market economy is resulted. Some types of the enterprise profit in accordance with the given systematization on the basic signs are considered. The main stages of calculation of profit (loss) from operating activities of enterprises are determined. It is proved that the profit from the sale of products (performance of works, provision of services) is the main type of the enterprise profit, which is related to the industry specifics of its activities. An analogue of this term is the term “profit from operating activities”. Enterprises distribute the profits that remain at their disposal to meet various needs: first, it is directed to the formation of financial resources of the state, the financing of budget expenditures. For the purposes of long-term development, the proportion of the distribution of net income for consumption and accumulation is of paramount importance. The main internal and external factors influencing the profitability of the enterprise are given. It is proved that the effectiveness of profit management processes largely depends on the quality of analysis, the reality of identifying reserves to increase it, the economic justification of plans for the formation and use of profits for the future. Thus, the factor of profit growth is the reduction of production costs. The reduction of production costs most fully reflects the savings of all types of resources available to the enterprise. Key words: profit, formation, enterprise, distribution, use, estimation.
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DUBKOVA, Valeria B. "THE PECULIARITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ PROFIT TAXATION IN A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 7, no. 2 (2021): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2021-7-2-219-242.

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This article studies the problem of improving enterprise profit taxation, the ways to solve it, and one of the main problems of the modern system of the enterprises taxation — how it is connected to the production efficiency. By solving it, we can determine the differentiation of the tax rates to the enterprises’ profit. Within its methodological framework, the author proposes to use the theory of surplus value. In order to spread the global methods for solving the issues of improving the taxation profit of enterprises and ensuring the economic efficiency and growth, the principles of neoclassic marginal theory are used. The system of indicators — signs and criteria — provides evidence for differentiating industrial enterprises into groups for a more optimal taxation of their profits. The author provides suggestions for forming the rate of the profit tax to stimulate the increase of production efficiency and reinvestment of funds for its development. The algorithm for calculating the profit tax rate assumes using the index of the norms of surplus value — profitableness of labor. This article proposes using a matrix for classifying industrial enterprises into groups, defining the level of the tax rates to profit for each of them based on the developed algorithm together with the level of production efficiency for 2018. For industrial enterprises, special industrial level of indicators — the signs differentiation — are considered: the structure of capital, the standard of profit, the profitableness of labor, and the results of their profit taxation using the method of free balance, the normative method, the modern and the proposed tax profit systems. In the case of the industrial enterprises, the relevance of the proposed reforms of the taxation of profit is explained. The results of research constitute the methodological basis of developing a more effective mechanism of taxing enterprises’ profit, which is especially necessary when realizing anti-crisis economic politics.
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Yang, Zongkang, Qiang Mei, Qiwei Wang, Suxia Liu, and Jingjing Zhang. "Research on Contract Coordination in the Manufacturing Supply Chain Given China’s Work Safety Constraints." Complexity 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1779098.

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With supply chain management’s increasing importance in work safety, this paper establishes the leading enterprise with core enterprises as work safety units. These guide the small and medium-sized enterprises within the supply chain to focus on improving work safety according to the leading position of the supply chain’s core enterprises. Therefore, the Stackelberg game model is applied to build and explain supply chain node-enterprises’ optimal centralized and decentralized operational decisions. This research was conducted in the context of enterprise work safety constraints’ influence on the manufacturing supply chain’s equilibrium results. It also reveals the necessity in supply chain node enterprises’ contract coordination design by comparing the two decision models’ equilibrium results. Ultimately, the manufacturing supply chain’s overall profit and work safety can reach a level that includes centralized decisions through revenue- and cost-sharing contracts. Furthermore, profits to the supply chain’s node enterprises also improve, and a Pareto optimality is achieved. An enlightened management demonstrates the importance of core enterprises’ leading position in the supply chain, and the supply chain node enterprises’ levels of work safety, product demand, and total profit can be promoted through revenue- and cost-sharing contracts.
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Graddy-Reed, Alexandra. "Do Hybrid Firms Out-Provide Traditional Business Structures? An Examination of Prosocial Behavior in North Carolina Firms." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 47, no. 6 (July 12, 2018): 1223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764018786468.

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With the rise of social enterprises has come a push for formal hybrid legal forms. Hybrid structures formalize a for-profit model with a social mission but carry no tax benefits. Using the case of North Carolina, this article examines a sample of formal hybrid firms and variation in their prosocial practices compared with informal social enterprises and traditional for-profit and nonprofit entities. Using firm-level survey data, Poisson estimations reveal that formal hybrid firms are associated with additional production-related prosocial practices as compared with traditional for-profits, informal social enterprises with both for-profit and nonprofit structures, and traditional nonprofits. This study contributes to the literatures on organizational identity and prosocial behavior as well as to the field of social enterprise by offering a comparison of formal and informal hybrid identification with a relatively large sample quantitative analysis.
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van der Merwe, Michael D., Sara S. Grobbelaar, Cornelius S. L. Schutte, and Konrad H. von Leipzig. "Toward an Enterprise Growth Framework for Entering the Base of the Pyramid Market: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 15, no. 04 (July 23, 2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877018500359.

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Enterprise growth has long been viewed as a strong success indicator. The literature on enterprise growth is however fragmented. This paper determines the major factors identified in the literature that can be attributed for promoting enterprise growth, linking them to success criteria for for-profit enterprises operating at the base of the pyramid (BOP) market. The rationale behind enterprises entering the BOP is the simultaneous alleviation of poverty and generation of profits. Via a grounded theory (qualitative analysis) approach, 25 enterprise growth factors were identified and the internal, business strategy related, start-up phase influencing factors were applied to BOP oriented enterprises, culminating in an operational framework.
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Markina, Iryna, Valeriya Lenʹ, and Vitaly Shapka. "Cost management as a factor for improving enterprise economic security." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-12.

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Introduction. Modern enterprises operate in conditions of political and economic instability. This requires enterpris-es to build an integrated system for ensuring economic security. In Ukraine, the issue of economic security is relevant. But not fully understood. Need to clarify issues related to improving cost management. This is a factor in improving the econom-ic security of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and practical justification of cost management. Results. One of the the main goal of the enterprise is maximum profit. A factor in the success of enterprises is to re-duce production costs. Business security is a prerequisite for stable sustainable development and effective operation of the enterprise. Economic security depends on many factors: the actions of competitors, unsuccessful state policies, changing market conditions, and crisis phenomena. Object of enterprise security: personnel (managers, structural divisions, share-holders and employees), financial, economic, material and intellectual capital of the enterprise; specifics of activity. The head of the enterprise makes a decision. The decisions concern the price of the product, the amount of expenses. Costs - a decrease in the volume of material assets, cash. Cost management involves functions: forecasting, planning, rationing, organization, calculation, motivation and stimulation, accounting, analysis, regulation and control of expenses. Conclusions. We consider the “Cost-Volume-Profit” (CVP- analysis) analysis to be successful. It allows you to iden-tify changes in costs. The dependence of changes in production volumes and incomes on sales is studied; expenses and net profit. It’s substantiated that cost and profit planning using CVP analysis has limitations. Marginal income (profit) – the difference between sales revenue and variable costs. The higher the marginal income level, the faster fixed costs are reim-bursed. The average marginal income is an “indicator” of the contribution of a unit of production to covering fixed costs. The purpose of break-even analysis (CVP-analysis) is to predict financial results. Break-even analysis of economic activity is an indicator of the brink of effective and inefficient management. The same is the condition for maximizing profits. The main thing is an effective defense mechanism of the enterprise. Provides economic security of the enterprise from the threat of bankruptcy. Keywords: economic security, cost management, profit, costs, cost-volume-profit analysis.
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Sibiryatkina, Irina, and Yu Zelikova. "PROFIT ANALYSIS TOOLKIT." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-2-111-115.

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The paper considers a toolkit for analyzing the profit of an enterprise, which includes reasonable indicators of analysis and assessment, supplemented by indicators of the industry's focus of the enterprise, which reflect and characterize the features of the activities of trade enterprises in a competitive environment. Evaluation of the company's activities in terms of the obtained financial result (profit) should not be limited to the analysis and assessment of cash flows, costs, investments in R&D, profit and profitability, but should also include industry indicators in order to quickly assess the company's profit, it is necessary to conduct an analysis and assessment of key performance indicators of the enterprise, such as the reputation of the company, the business activity of the enterprise, the breadth of the market for the products manufactured, the market position. For a generalized assessment of this approach, a toolkit is required in the form of an integral criterion for analyzing and assessing profit.
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Brahina, O. S., S. I. Buhenko, and M. H. Pavlus. "Profitability of the Enterprise and Ways to Increase It." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-261-266.

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The object of research of the article is the profit of enterprise and ways to increase it. The scholars’ opinions on the definition of «enterprise profit» were analyzed and the main approaches to its understanding are formed. According to the specified approaches, profit can be figured as follows: a monetary expression of part of the value of an additional product; net income of the entrepreneur from the invested capital; the difference between total income and total expenses; positive financial result of enterprise. According to the study, the definition of the concept of «profit» is formed and the essence of its meaning together with main functions is disclosed. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of increasing the profitability of enterprise, examines the factors of influence. Among the main factors influencing profits can be identified two groups: factors that do not depend on the activities of the enterprise (external); factors within the competence of enterprises (internal). The enterprise’s strategies related to profit are analyzed. The profitability of enterprise is an indicator that directly determines the final result of the activity of any enterprise. Increasing the profitability is one of the main goals of the management of any enterprise. There are many methods of increasing profitability, each enterprise chooses the most advantageous and convenient for itself, some of the methods are discussed in this article. The methodological and informational basis for the study of profitability of enterprise and ways to increase it are special and methodical literature by foreign and domestic authors, statistics of the Ministry of Statistics of Ukraine, periodic and reference literature; accounting, statistical, and operational reporting.
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LAZUARDI, MUHAMMAD. "ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI RETRIBUSI DAERAH DAN LABA BUMD TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN." JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v2i1.1151.

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This study aims determine the level of contribution and effectiveness of regional retribution and profit of regional owned enterprises to LOR as well as efforts that can be done to improve the acceptance of regional retribution and profit of regional owned enterprises in South Kalimantan Province. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The results of this study indicate that the contribution of regional retribution and profits of regional owned enterprises to LOR in South Kalimantan Province from 2014-2016 is still low. In the 2014-2016 period the results of the effectiveness of regional retribution and regional owned enterprises were very effective.This means that the realization of regional levies and profits of regional owned enterprises in the 2014-2015 period always reaches the target. Then efforts can be made to increase revenues as well as the contribution of regional retribution to LOR, namely through intensification and extensification.While the effort to increase the revenue of regionally owned enterprises is through rearrangement and improvement of company management, training or coaching of regional owned enterprises employees.Keywords: Contribution, Effectiveness, Regional Retribution, Profit of Regional Owned Enterprises and Local Own Revenue
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Lin, Rixing, Masud Gaziyev, and Alaa Eddin Shubat. "Facilitating Organizational Learning in For-Profit Social Enterprises for Sustainability." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21093.

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For-profit social enterprises are facing the dual challenges of fulfilling social purpose on the one hand and surviving business competition on the other. Being a sustainable for-profit social enterprise, the company must balance between economic, social and environmental aspects throughout their business operations. In order to achieve the desired end of sustainability, organization need to keep learning about the social needs and the business environment in order to develop sustainable business processes, and better fulfill their purpose as organizations formed to create social value. The study aims to fill the gaps in sustainability research literature about organizational learning in for-profit social enterprises by exploring how effective learning processes occur at individual, group and organizational level and how to facilitate these learning processes to improve sustainability. The study develops an analytical framework by combining the 4I framework for organizational learning process (Crossan et al., 1999) and an AKO (activities, knowledge source, outcomes) framework for understanding learning activities, knowledge sources and learning outcomes. Four for-profit social enterprises in both Denmark and Sweden are chosen as cases. Based on findings, three organizational learning mechanisms are identified on selected cases. Practical implications and insights are also generated for for-profit social enterprises to facilitate organizational learning for sustainability.
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Scherrer, Miles. "Funding of Social Enterprises : A case study of high investor engagement funding practices on for-profit social enterprises." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297872.

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This bachelor thesis evaluates how high-engagement investors contribute to the development and growth of for-profit social enterprises by providing both funding and non-financial advisory services focused on organisational capacity-building. Case studies on three social enterprises describe the structure of funding deals, what considerations affected these due to the high social character of the ventures, and inquire into the relationship between social enterprise and their investors to evaluate how the investors provide value for their investees beyond capital. The investor types involved include commercial venture capital funds, angel investors, accelerator programs and venture philanthropy funds; a sort of social impact investment fund which combines the high- engagement mentoring of venture capital funds with lower expectations on financial returns in exchange for higher demands on social impact. The findings indicate that high-engagement investors in general provide a wide range of services to the social enterprises studied, where strategic advisory services and networks introductions are identified as key enablers for development. Aligning philosophies on the combination of business and social impact is also identified as critical for a constructive relationship between investor and investee. The perceived value of venture philanthropy funding diverges between the cases; while filling an empty space in the social enterprise capital market, some findings question their capabilities and investment model. Apart from the initial research questions on how high-engagement investors add value to social enterprises, the study raises further questions on social enterprise funding in general and the issues that obstructs these organisations from introducing innovation and growth to underdeveloped markets.
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Joshi, Rojee. "Improving the Livelihoods of Young People in Nepal: The Contribution of Social Enterprises." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2018. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/3f9db0d302ad82724f563c7526cf0a66a0240b22df0354fe3883c201ce84dbee/2665877/JOSHI_2018_Improving_the_livelihoods_of_young_people.pdf.

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This thesis examines five cases of social enterprise organisations from Nepal, a geographically challenged, politically volatile country with poor infrastructure, a high poverty gradient, and high levels of social and gender disparity. The study aims to explore how organisations following principles of social enterprise can address the multifaceted challenges of youth unemployment. Specifically, the study aims to understand the contribution of social enterprise organisations to the improvement of livelihoods of young people in Nepal, through job creation and market integration, fundamentally adopting market principles to address development challenges. The research contributes to the body of empirical literature on social enterprises from Nepal, and social value creation processes through the use of empirical evidence. It uses the qualitative method of analysing the social value creation processes which subsequently informs a range of challenges faced by young people attempting to participate in the market. In terms of methodology, the research implemented a three-step process: literature review, an organisational survey, and five qualitative case studies. Thirty-four self-identified social enterprise organisations were used for survey analysis. Five organisations were selected for detailed case analysis. Using cross-case analysis methods, interviews from 17 representatives and 30 young men and women aged 18– 30 were analysed . A combination of development theory, the theory of social entrepreneurship, and youth perspectives, is used in establishing the contribution of social enterprises to the improvement of the livelihoods of young people in Nepal. The overall contribution of social enterprises is unfolding in two distinct ways. The first level of contribution is revealed in the form of organisations attempting to become financially self-sustainable and market-competitive. The second level of contribution is demonstrated by limited social and economic change as immediate outcomes, and chances of significant and sustainable social change in the longer term. By demonstrating the change process at an organisational level as well as at the participants’ level, the study presents a meaningful explanation of a social enterprise model of development in improving livelihood of young people in Nepal.
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de, Cuyper Lien. "Doing good while making profit : perspectives on reconciling multiple objectives in social enterprises." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44558.

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This dissertation looks at social ventures that create social impact whilst being self-sustainable. By adopting three different theoretical perspectives, various aspects of organizations with multiple social and economic objectives are highlighted. Study 1 examines the hybrid nature of social ventures. It examines the conditions under which social ventures develop hybrid value creating activities to deal with their economic and social goals. Based on data from 11 social ventures, the findings are based on a combination of an inductive analysis and fsQCA analysis. The focal point of the study is how the interplay of the exclusiveness of the beneficiary target group, the overlap between customers and beneficiaries, and the visibility of the social mission in the value offering, influences the extent to which social ventures hybridize their means. The study contributes to the literature on social ventures specifically, and hybrid ventures more generally. Study 2 is based on a qualitative and inductive ethnographic study of a social venture. It sheds light on how organizational members have an imprinting effect on a venture beyond the founding phase. The model proposed in this study illuminates how the imprinting process is an ongoing, two-way interaction between the individual and the organizational level. The analysis shows how the initial imprint of the venture attracts people with specific social identities, and how bottom-up involvement of organizational members impacts on the imprint through three processes: projecting, sharing and contextualizing. This study adds to the literature on imprinting on one hand, and to literature on social ventures on the other hand. Study 3 is a comparative study of two social ventures bringing electrification to rural communities in a bottom-of-the-pyramid market. The study unpacks how these ventures design governance models to align the heterogeneous interests of their stakeholders - including customers, employees and local communities - with their own organizational social and economic objectives. On one hand, the results of the analysis show how the two ventures differ in terms of a customer versus community focus in their governance approach. On the other hand, the analysis shows how this divergent take on governance is driven by a different perception of stakeholder categories, a dissimilar conceptualization of beneficiaries of the social mission, and a different extent of adopting relational versus transactional approaches towards the stakeholders. The study is a response to calls for research on governance in the context of organizations with multiple social and economic objectives.
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Mswaka, Walter. "Not just for profit : an empirical study of social enterprises in South Yorkshire." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11036/.

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This thesis seeks to investigate the development of social enterprises in the UK. Specifically, it analyses the determinants, nature and forms of legal structures of such organisations in South Yorkshire and how these impact on their operations. In order to do so, the thesis develops a hybrid conceptual framework of analysis which is broadly informed by political economy approaches but also draws on the behavioural theory of the firm and its contractual elements. The research design of the thesis is based on a mixed method approach involving the complementary use of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Data from a postal survey of 102 self-defined social enterprises and semi-structured interviews of 18 support organisations in South Yorkshire is complemented by detailed analysis of four selected cases and some key informant interviews. The study findings are based on the critical analysis of two key legal structures, Company Limited by Guarantee (CLG) and Company Limited by Shares (CLS) that underpin the activities of social enterprises in South Yorkshire. While there has been an upsurge of academic interest in social enterprise over the past decade, little is known and understood about the determinants and types of social enterprises’ legal structures and how these influence their operations. The thesis makes significant empirical and theoretical contributions to existing knowledge on this subject and provides new insight into understanding the determinants and formulation of legal structures of social enterprise. The investigation identifies a complex taxonomy of six exogenous and endogenous factors which influence the type and nature of a social enterprise’s legal structure and its ability to achieve financial sustainability. The thesis reveals that those social enterprises with charitable, less flexible legal structures such as CLG struggle to operate as viable businesses in competitive environments compared to those with CLS legal structures. The study recommends that social enterprises adopt legal structures that allow them to maximise the extraction and delivery of value to the communities they serve.
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Nwagbo, Alfred. "Strategies to Minimize Profit Loss From Small Business Enterprise Credit Rejections." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5919.

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Institutional policies or terms and conditions of credit allocation complicate the demand and supply of small business enterprise (SBE) credit, causing lost profits. Banks leaders losing 28% of profitable projects because of the high rejection rate of credit applications for SBE loans is a concern. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies Southeastern Nigerian state bank leaders use to minimize lost profit from SBE credit rejections. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was credit rationing focused on the lender-borrower relationship. Data collection involved reviews of company documents and face-to-face semistructured interviews of 6 participants from 3 banks in the Southeastern Nigerian state. Based on the Schorr's modified data analysis approach, 5 themes emerged (a) credit rationing depends on sufficient information (b) business accounts statements are a fall back for credit availability (c) character may be more important than collateral (d) government policies are challenges to the formal banking system (e) profits may be a hedge for high-interest rates. Findings may be used to enhance the profitability of banks in the Southeastern Nigerian state. Implications for positive social change may include the support of community projects for individuals living at or below the poverty level in the region.
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Cavouras, Anna Lise. "An in-depth look at women leaders developing social enterprises within non-profit organizations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36295.

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Social enterprises are an expanding area within the non-profit sector, impacting both service delivery for clients and organizational funding. This qualitative, descriptive study looks at the experiences of women executive directors of non-profit organizations who are running a social enterprise. Through individual interviews, participants were asked about their experiences as a leader, their motivations for developing social enterprises, and the outcomes experienced as a result. Findings were analyzed using a feminist analysis with a focus on the unique experiences of women in the workplace. Results from the interview analysis show that the personal experiences of the participants directly influence their leadership and the direction of organization growth. The motivations behind social enterprises were described either as a practical solution to meet funding objectives, or to provide opportunities for marginalized client groups through training and work experience. In both cases, the overarching aim with generated funds was to improve client service and engage in prevention or activist work with a social justice focus, with a driving motive to improve clients’ circumstances. Implications for social work practice are discussed, as are study limitations and suggestions for future research.
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Gray, Brenda G. "A look at profitability and quality of for-profit day care centers /." View online, 1997. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131171195.pdf.

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Miltenburg, Tim. "Scaling sales is scaling impact : A case study of value creation and management in for-profit social enterprises." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170058.

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Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship has proven to be challenging. Social enterprises are often regarded as enterprises that create social value or social impact. However, social value and social impact remain ill-defined and ambiguous concepts. This paper provides a qualitative description of how social enterprises create value, what their impact is and what this entails for managing and conceptualizing them. The analysis is based on a case study that comprises of: a comprehensive review of the literature, four in-depth interviews with for-profit social enterprises that work with renewable energy access in developing countries and secondary data on their impact and environmental context. We find that social enterprises create value through building intricate networks with their stakeholders. They use feedback from their customers and the market to pivot their business models to increase their potential for value creation. The increase in utility of their customers is an important part of their impact. This is also the value creation the customer cares about and is willing to pay for. However, there is impact beyond this increased utility, which seems to result from two things: the fact that the problems and needs the social enterprises target have positive externalities (1); and the fact that the social enterprises seem to purposefully design their value proposition, business model and value chain to maximize positive externalities and minimize negative externalities (2). Finally, we propose that in their value proposition, business model and value chain social entrepreneurs combine a logic of empowerment, collaboration and control.
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Binzomah, Mohammed Saad. "The feasibility of using profit and loss sharing for financing small and medium sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1344/.

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Saudi Arabia is considered to be an oil-rich country. However, it faces challenges in creating jobs and diversifying Its economy to perpetuate economic growth. Therefore, the role and contribution of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for the country, leading the government to mitiate a numbe of policy measures. This development goal is fiirthered by the impressive developments in the financial sector. In particular, growth and development of Islamic banking and finance have shown remarkable performance in the country. Such financial developments have a positive impact on the development of SMEs by providing altemative financing options.
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Books on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Mihajlovski, Ǵorǵi. Menadžment i profit. Bitola: Društvo za nauka i umetnost, 1996.

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The ultimate profit booster: Over 100 profit boosting techniques for your business. London: Hutchinson Business, 1987.

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Madden, Bartley J. Wealth creation: A systems mindset for building and investing in businesses for the long term. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Madden, Bartley J. Wealth creation: A systems mindset for building and investing in businesses for the long term. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Moran, Patti J. Pet sitting for profit. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N. J: Howell Book House, 2006.

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Moran, Patti J. Pet Sitting for Profit. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.

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Vasilʹeva, E. S. Planirovanie pribyli i rentabelʹnosti na promyshlennom predprii͡a︡tii: Lekt͡s︡ii͡a︡. Moskva: Moskovskiĭ in-t nar. khozi͡a︡ĭstva im. Plekhanova, 1985.

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Ward, Mark. Imprinting products for fun and profit. Columbia, SC: EIC Research (PO Box 6517, Columbia 29260), 1999.

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Multinationales et pays en développement: Le profit et la croissance. Genève: Institut de recherche et d'information sur les multinationales, 1986.

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Massachusetts. State Office of Minority Business Assistance. SOMBA-certified non-profit organizations. Boston, Mass: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Dept. of Commerce, State Office of Minority Business Assistance, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Bain, Neville, and David Band. "Governance of Not-for-Profit Enterprises." In Winning Ways through Corporate Governance, 141–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14158-6_7.

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Kormann, Hermut. "Profit Distribution Policy in Family Enterprises." In Topics of Family Business Governance, 111–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58019-3_23.

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Verboven, Hans, and Lise Vanherck. "Die Gestaltung eines Stakeholderdialogs bei Social Profit Enterprises." In CSR und Social Enterprise, 85–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55591-0_8.

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Ma, Wenbin, and Lihua Yang. "Study on the Profit Distribution of Enterprises’ Technological Innovation Alliances." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1261–67. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2386-6_167.

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Zhao, Suyan, and Xiyan Lv. "Study on Profit Distribution Among Enterprises in Software Outsourcing Based on the Shapley Value." In LISS 2013, 377–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40660-7_56.

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Munck, Thomas. "Enterprise and profit." In Seventeenth Century Europe, 109–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20626-1_4.

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Munck, Thomas. "Enterprise and profit." In Seventeenth-Century Europe, 118–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20972-5_4.

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Lv, Renzhi, Jihu Zheng, and Peng Zhang. "Profit Path Selection for Passenger Vehicle Enterprises Under Energy-Saving Target Constraints—Based on Cost Benefit Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 211–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45043-7_23.

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Wu, Shanshan, Xingpei Ji, and Rui Tang. "Choice of Profit Models for the Transformation and Development of Traditional Industrial Enterprises in the Internet Industry." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics, 64–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51431-0_10.

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Ohya, Yuichi. "The Negative Effect Factors of the Land Acquisition System for Profit-Oriented Enterprises in Order to Promote Economic Growth." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 73–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_6.

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AbstractThe Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act of 1991 in Malaysia for economic growth has institutionally enabled arbitrary land acquisition. This paper reveals what is the fundamental determinant of the negative effects on the legal system concerning land acquisition for economic growth. As a result of this study consideration, the article of property rights within the limits of the law enables governments to have a broad discretionary power and liberalizes policies governments can implement. However, this study concludes policies that make light of personal assets will obstruct economic growth in the long run.
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Conference papers on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Cvetkova, O. L., and A. R. Ajdinyan. "INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MARKETING DEPARTMENTS OF ENTERPRISES OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.253-255.

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To make a profit, the campaign must effectively, at a competitive level, sell its goods or services to the end customer. For this purpose, marketing departments are created at enterprises. The structure of the information system of the marketing department of the agricultural enterprise is proposed. This system will improve the efficiency of both the marketing department and the entire enterprise as a whole. Using the proposed system ensures the preservation of information resources, ensuring the continuity of business processes, increasing profits and sales of the company, creating a positive image of the company.
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Chreneková, Marcela, Adriána Klapková, and Veronika Svetlíková. "Potenciál rozvoja sociálneho podnikania v treťom sektore na Slovensku." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-56.

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The development of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia was accelerated by the adoption of a new law on its support in 2018. Most of the 123 registered social enterprises have the legal form of a business company, they are of integration enterprises type and the founders are mainly municipalities. Third sector organizations are not active enough in setting up social enterprises. The aim of the paper is to find out what are the barriers and potential for the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector. Primary and secondary data sources were used in the work. The survey method was used for characteristic of social entrepreneurship, the awareness of municipalities and third sector organizations about the social economy and barriers to the establishment of social enterprises in third sector organizations. The biggest barrier to the development of social entrepreneurship in the third sector is unsystematic funding, the complexity of compliance with rules and regulations and the absence of mapping the needs of disadvantaged groups. There are 2 types of entities with the potential to establish a social enterprise, namely non-profit organizations providing services of general interest and civic associations. They are prerequisites for the establishment of a social enterprise because they employ a relatively high number of disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and are engaged in public benefit activities that can be the subject of generating profits in social enterprise. The awareness of third sector organizations about social entrepreneurship is much higher compared to municipalities, but they feel barriers to the establishment of a social enterprise.
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Ren-Liang, Shan, Xu Yu-Liang, Huang Fei, and Wu Qin-Ao. "Coal Enterprises Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Based on Activity." In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.110.

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Wang, Yuzhou, and Bin Chen. "Discussion of Strategic Alliance in Logistics Enterprises and Profit Distribution." In Tenth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41127(382)436.

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Sacchetti, Silvia, and Ermanno Tortia. "The notion of social responsibility in social enterprises and non-profit organizations." In Corporate Governance: Search for the advanced practices. Virtus Interpress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cpr19p13.

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Chen, Chouyong, Aibing Peng, and Tong Li. "The influencing measurement study of symbiotic environment on the logistics enterprises' profit." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences (ICSESS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsess.2010.5552308.

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Sun, Yuqi, Jingwen Li, and Xiaosong Zheng. "Profit Transferring of Multinational Enterprises in the Chinese Industry by Transfer Pricing." In International Conference on Transformations and Innovations in Management (ictim-17). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ictim-17.2017.62.

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"Financial Index Evaluation and Profit Model Analysis of Listed Power Generation Enterprises." In International Conference Education and Management. Scholar Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001878.

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Rymaniak, Janusz. "Capability, Profit or Waste? Organizational and Economic Dilemma Criteria for Measuring the Effectiveness of Enterprises." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100448.

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The paper presents a literature review on enterprise efficiency. It is argued that the economic efficiency perspective needs to be broadened with organizational dimensions of evaluation. The paper presents an evolution of economic criteria from the market-based to the organizational and resources-related ones. The relations between organizational and economic criteria are discussed. In the final part of the paper, praxeological criteria for enterprise effectiveness are presented. The Author taps into the research output of Polish researchers such as: Adamiecki (organization and management), Lange (economics) and Kotarbiński (praxeology).
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He, Zhenggang, Zhengqiang He, Wei Liao, and Xiaoping Qiu. "Study of Relationships among Enterprises Based on Maximizing the Profit of Supply Chain." In International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering 2007. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iske.2007.233.

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Reports on the topic "Profit of enterprises"

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Michel, Bob, and Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa: Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority of bilateral tax treaties currently in force. Exclusive residence state taxation of shipping profits is problematic when the size of mercantile fleets and shipping flows between two states are of unequal size. This is often the case in relations between a developed and developing country. The latter often lack a substantial domestic mercantile fleet, but serve as an important revenue-generating port state for the fleet of the developed country. To come to a more balanced allocation of taxing rights in such a case, a source taxation alternative has been inserted in UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). From its inception, Article 8B has been labelled impractical due to the lack of guidance on core issues, like sourcing rules and profit allocation. This gap is said to explain the low adoption rate of Article 8B in global tax treaty practice. In reality, tax treaty practice regarding Article 8B is heavily concentrated and flourishing in a handful of countries in South/South-East Asia – Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. All these countries subject non-resident shipping income to tax in their domestic income tax laws. Except for India, all countries are able to exercise these domestic tax law rules in relation to shipping enterprises located in the biggest shipowner states, either because they have a treaty in place that provides for source taxation or because there is no treaty at all and thus no restriction of domestic law. None of the relevant tax treaties contain a provision that incorporates the exact wording of Article 8B of the UN Model. If other countries, like coastal countries in sub-Saharan Africa, are looking to implement source taxation of maritime shipping income in the future, they are advised to draw on the South/South-East Asian experience. Best practice can be distilled regarding sourcing rule, source tax limitation, profit attribution and method of taxation (on gross or net basis). In addition to technical guidance on tax, the South/South-East Asian experience also provides important general policy considerations countries should take into account when determining whether source taxation of maritime shipping profits is an appropriate target for their future tax treaty negotiations.
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Desai, Mihir, and Robert Yetman. Constraining Managers without Owners: Governance of the Not-for-Profit Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11140.

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Iyer, Ananth V., Olga Senicheva, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Andrew Colbert, and Hannah Pratt. Synthesis Study: Facilities (Enterprise Development, Sponsorship/Privatization). Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317109.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation maintains 17 rest area locations with 28 separate rest area facilities located on interstates for driver safety and convenience. Although the rest areas provide many benefits to the traveling public, the rest areas do not earn direct profits. Moreover, the Indiana Department of Transportation is increasingly challenged by inadequate funding from taxes generated on the interstates. Constrained by Title 23, that prohibits the commercialization and the privatization of the rest areas, the state of Indiana has a high interest in sustainable sources of revenue at the rest areas that would be able to promote the states and facilities tourism and commerce. The benefits that can be recognized by taking up this project are (i) higher revenues for the INDOT (ii) cost savings wherever possible (iii) environmental benefits (iv) better services and safety measures for overnight travelers (v) partnerships with local businesses.
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Oyerinde, Funmi, and Naphtali Bwalami. The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on the Lives of Rural Women: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7277.

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The PROACT project uses Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to enable rural financial inclusion. The VSLA approach is targeted at combating increased poverty and improving the resilience of poor rural farming households in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria. The three case studies presented here reflect the new, transformative realities of increased income, access to loans, safe spaces for women, improved rural enterprise and the empowerment of women engaged in the VSLAs.
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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Hambrey, John, Paul Medley, Sue Evans, Crick Carlton, Carole Beaumont, and Tristan Southall. Evidence gathering in support of sustainable Scottish inshore fisheries: work package (6) final report: integrating stock management considerations with market opportunities in the Scottish inshore fisheries sector – a pilot study. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.24677.

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In June 2014, Hambrey Consulting successfully responded to a call for tenders for research to undertake a pilot assessment of the potential economic and associated benefits of establishing minimum market landing size (MMLS) in excess of minimum legal landing size (MLS) for shellfish; and to evaluate if such an intervention could be undertaken at a regional level. The project was originally conceived as including 3 case studies, but the scope of the research led us to focus mainly on the trawl and creel fishery for Nephrops prosecuted by the fleet based in Skye and SW Ross. The basic framework for the assessment approach was to: Develop an economic profile of the case study area and its fishing fleet; Review and synthesise existing data on size profile of the catch, the factors that affect size, including costs associated with individual (vessel) actions or strategies to increase the size profile of the catch; Analyse market and market trends, and the prices for different sizes of product; Develop economic models of representative fishing enterprises, taking account of the relationships between costs and returns and the size profile of the catch; Use plausible scenarios to explore likely short term economic consequences of any changes in MMLS; Use yield and utility per recruit analysis to explore possible yield benefits associated with increased MMLS.
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Lazonick, William. Investing in Innovation: A Policy Framework for Attaining Sustainable Prosperity in the United States. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp182.

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“Sustainable prosperity” denotes an economy that generates stable and equitable growth for a large and growing middle class. From the 1940s into the 1970s, the United States appeared to be on a trajectory of sustainable prosperity, especially for white-male members of the U.S. labor force. Since the 1980s, however, an increasing proportion of the U.S labor force has experienced unstable employment and inequitable income, while growing numbers of the business firms upon which they rely for employment have generated anemic productivity growth. Stable and equitable growth requires innovative enterprise. The essence of innovative enterprise is investment in productive capabilities that can generate higher-quality, lower-cost goods and services than those previously available. The innovative enterprise tends to be a business firm—a unit of strategic control that, by selling products, must make profits over time to survive. In a modern society, however, business firms are not alone in making investments in the productive capabilities required to generate innovative goods and services. Household units and government agencies also make investments in productive capabilities upon which business firms rely for their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units, government agencies, and business firms—constitute “the investment triad.” The Biden administration’s Build Back Better agenda to restore sustainable prosperity in the United States focuses on investment in productive capabilities by two of the three types of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and household units, implementing the yet-to-be-passed American Families Act. Absent, however, is a policy agenda to encourage and enable investment in innovation by business firms. This gaping lacuna is particularly problematic because many of the largest industrial corporations in the United States place a far higher priority on distributing the contents of the corporate treasury to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks for the sake of higher stock yields than on investing in the productive capabilities of their workforces for the sake of innovation. Based on analyzes of the “financialization” of major U.S. business corporations, I argue that, unless Build Back Better includes an effective policy agenda to encourage and enable corporate investment in innovation, the Biden administration’s program for attaining stable and equitable growth will fail. Drawing on the experience of the U.S. economy over the past seven decades, I summarize how the United States moved toward stable and equitable growth from the late 1940s through the 1970s under a “retain-and-reinvest” resource-allocation regime at major U.S. business firms. Companies retained a substantial portion of their profits to reinvest in productive capabilities, including those of career employees. In contrast, since the early 1980s, under a “downsize-and-distribute” corporate resource-allocation regime, unstable employment, inequitable income, and sagging productivity have characterized the U.S. economy. In transition from retain-and-reinvest to downsize-and-distribute, many of the largest, most powerful corporations have adopted a “dominate-and-distribute” resource-allocation regime: Based on the innovative capabilities that they have previously developed, these companies dominate market segments of their industries but prioritize shareholders in corporate resource allocation. The practice of open-market share repurchases—aka stock buybacks—at major U.S. business corporations has been central to the dominate-and-distribute and downsize-and-distribute regimes. Since the mid-1980s, stock buybacks have become the prime mode for the legalized looting of the business corporation. I call this looting process “predatory value extraction” and contend that it is the fundamental cause of the increasing concentration of income among the richest household units and the erosion of middle-class employment opportunities for most other Americans. I conclude the paper by outlining a policy framework that could stop the looting of the business corporation and put in place social institutions that support sustainable prosperity. The agenda includes a ban on stock buybacks done as open-market repurchases, radical changes in incentives for senior corporate executives, representation of workers and taxpayers as directors on corporate boards, reform of the tax system to reward innovation and penalize financialization, and, guided by the investment-triad framework, government programs to support “collective and cumulative careers” of members of the U.S. labor force. Sustained investment in human capabilities by the investment triad, including business firms, would make it possible for an ever-increasing portion of the U.S. labor force to engage in the productive careers that underpin upward socioeconomic mobility, which would be manifested by a growing, robust, and hopeful American middle class.
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