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1
Crociata, Alessandro, Massimiliano Agovino, Antonio Russo, and Alan Quaglieri Domínguez. "Creative Workforce and Economic Development in Precrisis Europe." International Regional Science Review 41, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 448–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017615607054.
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Building on work funded by the European Spatial Planning Observatory Network 2013 Program, the article analyzes the regional development of the “creative workforce” among its active population against regional economic growth measured by changes in per capita gross domestic product over the period 2001 to 2008. The analysis establishes regional typologies in this relationship according to the “sense” and evolution of this association, allowing a critical evaluation of processes and policies that may explain the large degree of spatial variation encountered, and addresses the issue of causal relationships between these two dimensions, suggesting the need to rethink development policies based on “creative capital.”
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Tsatsou-Nikolouli, Sofia, and Stavroula Mavrogeni. "Enhancing Empathy Through a Creative Writing Program in Elementary School." Research Journal of Education, no. 72 (April 1, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/rje.72.62.67.
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Education is not only about the transferring of knowledge, but also about the cultivation of strong social and emotional skills, which are necessary for the strengthening of the social competence of students, their positive self-perception, and their success in school. Empathy, which refers to the ability to recognize another person’s emotional state is one of the basic skills of the 21st century, which helps all students grow up to become active and critically aware citizens. The research/intervention program "Creative Writing and Social Learning Skills", implemented by students of the 5th and 6th grade of elementary schools in Thessaloniki, Greece, explore the enhancement of empathy, through the use of creative writing as an educational tool. Activities used were based on literary texts from Balkan countries and countries of Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The research sample consisted of 573 students, who were divided into the Intervention Group, that implemented the program, and the Control Group, that attended its regular curriculum. The analysis of the level of skills in children, and especially the level of empathy, which is of concern to us in the present study, was carried out using a structured improvised questionnaire, the alpha Cronbach coefficients where of range at very high levels. Study results showed that the Intervention Group exhibited statistically greater improvement in the assessment of empathy compared to the Control Group.
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Bureaud, Annick. "What’s Art Got to Do with It? Reflecting on Bioart and Ethics from the Experience of the Trust Me, I’m an Artist Project." Leonardo 51, no. 1 (February 2018): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01480.
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Bioart and biomedical art are blossoming fields, with a whole new generation of artists, the DIYbio movement enabling more people to get involved, and discoveries in bioscience bringing in new challenges. Supported by the Creative Europe program of the European Commission Trust Me, I’m an Artist is a project initiated by artist Anna Dumitriu and ethicist Bobbie Farsides to provide a platform for discussing bioart and ethics, sharing knowledge and building capacity. This article reflects upon the author’s journey through the different art projects and how foregrounding ethics challenged her usual art critic approach.
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Vlasenko, Olha, Vita Pavlenko, Olha Сhemerys, Oksana Piddubna, Anna Fedorchuk, and Inna Yashchuk. "Audit of Digital Civic Space in the Modern School: from Teacher to Creative Leader." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 12, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.3/228.
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The article is dedicated to modern approaches to development of digital civic space of the modern school, which is a new phenomenon in Ukraine. A brief analysis of results of recent scientific researches that raise the issue of digital citizenship in postmodern times is given. Theoretical principles and practical experience of European countries to create a digital civic space are considered. Definitions of “civic consciousness” and “digital citizenship”, “creativity”, “postmodernism” are given. Modern approaches to development of digital competence of participants in the educational process are singled out. Vision of the Council of Europe on the components of digital citizenship is considered, which is seen as empowering students and acquiring the necessary digital skills for successful self-realization in the postmodern era. A brief description of the Conceptual Model of Digital Citizenship Education adopted by the Council of Europe is given, emphasizing the importance of systematicity and consistency in its implementation. Prerequisites for achieving results of this Conceptual Model are generalized and highlighted. Tools for auditing the digital civic space of a modern school are proposed, which allows to determine the level of development of basic skills of a digital citizen in all participants in the educational process. The main audit methods for this tool are surveys, audit of school records and determination of access to digital technologies. The importance of integrating the content of the Conceptual Model of Education on Digital Citizenship into the content of subjects is emphasized, which should be reflected in the school documentation at different levels: from the Educational Program to the teacher’s lesson plan. Criteria and indicators for auditing the school’s digital civic space are detailed.
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Dawoudi, Dahouk, and Anton Sabella. "Padico Holding: Developing Responsiveness through Corporate Social Responsibility." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12, no. 5-6 (2013): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341276.
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AbstractThe field of business ethics is an area of growth, both in the business and education sectors in the Arab world, including Palestine. But most research on this subject has been carried out in the USA and Europe, which gives most of the issues related to this field a distinctively American or European character. As an alternative, this case attempts to shed the light on a wide range of socio-economic, educational and business issues that are typically encountered in Palestine and to explain innovative approaches to resolving key dilemmas related to resolving the skill shortage that affects the competitiveness of Palestinian enterprises. It will do so by looking at Padico Holding, a pioneer in developing a creative program adapted to the enterprise sector’s needs. The case draws its analysis from international theories and concepts by explaining Padico’s sense of responsibility towards community inspired by Kant’s ethics of duty, which is demonstrated in its business societal orientation built around the “stakeholder model.”
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Honcharenko, Nadiia. "European Experience of the Use of Grant Competitions as a Means of Supporting Culture from the Perspective of Institutional Reforms in Ukraine’s Cultural Sector." Culturology Ideas, no. 14 (2'2018) (2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-14-2018-2.131-139.
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The article offers an overview of the use of such policy instruments as grant competitions for public support of cultural and artistic projects in Poland. The overview includes grant-giving programs of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of Poland, in particular, their priorities, the sources for funding cultural projects, and institutions operating the programs. From the perspective of European integration chosen by Ukraine nowadays, the article also reviews the recent attempts to introduce similar institutions and grant-giving policy instruments in this country. In particular, recent establishment and early activities of Ukrainian Cultural Foundation has been analysed. First, Polish public grant-giving institutions have accumulated massive experience of co-operation between the state and independent cultural sector. Second, the main source of funding for public grant-giving institutions in Poland is secured by law as a special targeted levy, while in Ukraine the amount of funds given to the Foundation is to be defined in the State Budget each year. Third, there is a remarkable support from EU funds in Poland. Ukraine, on the other hand, only recently became eligible for participation in Creative Europe program. Finally, there are several public institutions offering grants for cultural projects in Poland (Polish Book Institute, the Film Institute, the Theatre Institute, etc.) while in this country, Ukrainian Cultural Foundation is the only one that practically provides grants, not just promises to do so.
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Shmeleva, A. V., and A. E. Kovaleva. "Slavic question in Russian poetry: from Pushkin to Dostoevsky." Язык и текст 3, no. 2 (2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030205.
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A.S. Pushkin is one of the first poets who raised his voice in support of Russia's foreign policy concerning to the Slavic peoples who were suffering from Turkish authorities’ humiliation. He also declared that Europe should not interfere in the activities of the Slavs, who protected their national interests and the national and historical traditions. The problem will be a landmark for the next generation of Russian thinkers- slavophiles such as A.S. Khomyakov, Y.F. Samarin, I.A. Aksakov, N.M. Iazykov and others. Pushkin’s creative communication with the future Slavophiles was the development of the principles of historicism and nation in the history of Russian literature and determining the vector of Russian social thought. Appeal to the historical past of the Fatherland and national ideals was the basis for the formation of the Orthodox-Slavic ideology of the early Slavophiles. The idealization of the cultural and historical base was transformed into a kind of spiritual and educational program. Under the influence of the Pushkin’s poetry there were defined literary-aesthetic and historiosophical criteria. The poem by F.M. Dostoevsky «On the European events in 1854» was poured into a single voice of the conservative wing of the writers.
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Pinto, Maria Rita, Serena Viola, Anna Onesti, and Francesca Ciampa. "Artists Residencies, Challenges and Opportunities for Communities’ Empowerment and Heritage Regeneration." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 9651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229651.
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The paper debates the results of a research carried out by the Department of Architecture of the University of Naples “Federico II” (DiARC), as part of the Creative Europe 2018 Artists in Architecture, Re-activating modern European houses program (entitled EACEA 32/2017 and EACEA 35/2017; scientific coordinator: Maria Rita Pinto; project manager: Serena Viola). The research investigates the relationships between creativity and sharing as tools of a new form of social sustainability. These elements can induce positive effects on the settlement qualities of the places, acting as engines of the custody of the settlement values and the collaborative regeneration of the built environment. The methodology is based on participatory approaches able to restore the levels of cohesion, care, and creativity that the experimentation typology of the Artists Residencies is able to trigger on the territory and on the communities who inhabit it. The results return in the form of the complex process of the artist exhibition reception a significant strategy of sustainable development, capable of influencing the community by entrusting it with the role of custodian of the existing heritage and of renewing local entrepreneurship with innovative productions.
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Dâmaso, Mafalda, and Andrew Murray. "The EU’s Dualistic Regime of Cultural Diversity Management The Concept of Culture in the Creative Europe Program (2014–2019; 2021–2027) and in the Strategy for International Cultural Relations (2016–) /." Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy / Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement und Kulturpolitik 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2021-0108.
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Dipasquale, L., L. Montoni, A. Manzi, and S. Mecca. "THE CHORÁ OF PATMOS (GREECE): ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-521-2020.
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Abstract. The Historic Center (Chorá) of Patmos, located in one of the Dodecanese Islands of Greece, was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 1999. The morphological feature, the housing typologies and the building techniques that characterize the Chorá provide an authentic and astonishing expression of the stylistic and typological models of the vernacular architecture of the Greek islands. This paper presents part of the research carried out on the Chorá of Patmos, within the 3D Past project, funded by the European Creative Europe program. The first part illustrates the results of the research concerning the analysis of the material components of the architectural heritage of Patmos: the urban structure, the evolution of the main architectural typologies, the feature of the main building systems. The second part of the paper presents the application of the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), a tool for the management of site transformations and in particular for identifying, forecasting and evaluating the impact of potential development on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the properties. In the case of Patmos the application of HIA can provide an important contribution to manage changes and future transformations in order to preserve the cultural significance of the site and ensure its sustainable development.
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Hofman, Iwona. "Kultura w programach Jerzego Giedroycia." Roczniki Nauk Społecznych 13(49), no. 1 (2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rns21491.2.
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The article aims to present the cultural matters from Kultura Paryska (Paris-based Culture) in the context of the cultural-creative function of the media and media strategies of cultural diplomacy. Kultura Paryska was published in 1946-2000 as a periodical of the Institute of Literature in Paris, its creator and editor was Jerzy Giedroyc. Due to its program distinctiveness (the stake in contacts with the country) and high publicity effort, it was perceived as a centre of political thought pursuing the independence ideals through the concepts of good neighbourly relations between Poland and Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus and Germany in the conditions of geopolitical changes in Europe after the dissolution of the USSR and German reunification. The programme articles were written by Juliusz Mieroszewski, Jerzy Stempowski, Bohdan Osadczuk, Leopold Unger, among others. Giedroyc paid attention to the balance of political and cultural content in the issues of the magazine, and what is more important, he let authors from Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus to publish in the magazine. He was the originator of a series of chronicles, including ones concerning Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, Germany, and press reviews, which were the basic source of information about the lives of emigrants and life in their abandoned homelands. Giedroyc, through Kultura, pursued a strategy of influencing public opinion by combining political and cultural matters because he was convinced that in this way he would contribute to the rejection of stereotypes and make it possible to learn about common history and culture.
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Suk, William A. "The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe." Reviews on Environmental Health 32, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0036.
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Abstract While each region of the world faces unique challenges, environmental threats to vulnerable populations throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) present a significant public health challenge. Environmental pollution is widespread, resulting from the consequences of rapid industrialization during the Soviet Union era. To help address these concerns, a meeting, sponsored in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP), was convened in 1994. The meeting, “Hazardous Wastes – Exposure, Remediation, and Policy,” brought together representatives of the governments of seven countries in the region, scientists from the United States and Western Europe, and representatives from international organizations to explore hazardous waste problems in the region. Since 1994, the SRP and partners have been holding meetings throughout CEE to share important information regarding environmental health. The general sessions have shifted from a focus on describing the problems in each country related to hazardous waste, exposure assessment, risk reduction, and risk communication, to an exchange of information to better define links between health and the environment and strategies to improve regional problems. The 1994 meeting and subsequent meetings raised issues such as heavy metal contamination, exposures from hazardous waste, and pollution caused by deficiencies in disposal of waste overall. Research priorities that were identified included development of reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and chemical toxicity, more epidemiological studies in CEE, better methods of environmental data analysis, and development of remediation tools. Here, we review examples of research from current SRP grantees that address many of these issues. In 2004, the first official Central and Eastern European Conference on Health and the Environment (CEECHE) was held, and has been held biannually at venues across CEE. The CEECHE provides a forum for researchers and engineers, and organizations with diverse professional expertise and backgrounds, to jointly examine pressing environment and health issues, engage in cooperative research, and develop and disseminate innovative prevention strategies for addressing these issues. The CEECHE facilitates more intentional integration of disciplines to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological, environmental, and engineering processes and exploit this knowledge to contribute to solving environmental exposure-related issues. Critical to the CEECHE mission is the participation of trainees and junior scientists who will share their data and engage broadly with the scientific community. Scientific inquiry that supports a paradigm whereby knowledge gained through understanding disease processes resulting from environmental exposures would further our understanding of potential human health effects, and provide a creative, holistic approach to integrate seemingly discrete biological systems and geological, ecological and human health risk assessments into more comprehensive models. Such models will be discussed which advance the mission of reducing the public health burden of hazardous substances through interdisciplinary research and training.
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Lukovskа, O. "Ukrainian textile art: international cooperation." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 27 (February 27, 2019): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.27.2018.125-132.
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The article analyzes the aspects of international cooperation in Ukrainian textile art at the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century. It is observed that artists have the opportunity to travel to Europe and participate in a variety of art exhibitions, conferences, festivals, symposiums and more. Such cooperation significantly enlives artistic movements and activates creative searches and also motivates experimentation. It is proved that the integration of Ukrainian textile art into European space begins to be of particular importance. Several prominent international textile projects in Ukraine and Poland were a large group of Ukrainian authors of textiles participated were analyzed. It is analyzed that among other international textile projects in Ukraine, where professional art textile is presented, important are The Biennial Art Textile "Scythia" in Kherson, The International Youth Symposium "Arche-Thread-Novo" in Lviv. It is also a collective exhibitions were the textile works are regularly represented – "Autumn Salon", "Impressions of September", "Lviv`s Winter", "Textile Inspiration" in The Lviv Palace of Arts. Among the prestigious international events that are traditionally held abroad, in particular in Poland, is The Textile Arts Festival in Kovary, The International Biennial of Flax Fine Cloth "From krosno to Krosno " and many others. It is noted that the positive feature of projects is an attempt to attract the geography of international participants and to make a rich cultural program. The work presentation of the Ukrainian and foreign participants not only shows a wide range of creativity, but also contributes to the enrichment of national traditions. An analysis of artistic events in Ukraine and Poland demonstrates the importance of international projects. It is proved that the integration of domestic artistic textiles into European space today is very important. It is argued that the article may become a material for further study of the Ukrainian art textile tendencies and creation of artists working in this field.
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Donald, David C. "Applying Germany's Market Manipulation Rules to Disruptive Trades on the Eurex and MTS Platforms." German Law Journal 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013845.
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Until recently, cheap fiction and corporate finance most famously met in the creative accounting of companies like WorldCom and Enron. Now, however, both the spoof James Bond, Austin Powers, and the securities regulators of Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy and France face common, twin malevolence:Doctor Evil and Mini Me.These reportedly were the names of a trading strategy devised at the London based European government bond desk of Citigroup Inc. to correct – as reported in theThe Wall Street Journal Europe– what a senior bank executive had referred to as their not “making enough money for the firm.” According to theJournal, “Citigroup wanted to use the futures market to push up prices for bonds traded on the cash market, which tend to follow futures prices. Then they would dump a large amount of bonds in the cash market, reaping profits from their holdings and forcing down prices, to the detriment of other market participants.” At 10:00 am on August 2, 2004, six Citigroup traders launched “Mini Mi” by building up positions in the Eurex futures market, then at 11:29 am they unleashed the “Dr. Evil” trading program, which placed sell orders for various European government bonds, with a total aggregate value of € 83 billion, of which only € 12.4 found buyers; once “the price of the bonds had fallen because of the flood of sell orders, Citigroup bought back € 3.8 billion in bonds … and is estimated to have made around € 15 million in profit.” The spot sales were primarily conducted on the MTS fixed-income trading platform, and constituted 42% of the platform's total value for the day; the traders had cash positions of only about € 8 billion in the securities for which they placed sell orders of up to € 83 billion, which could have left them with a much larger short position than the € 4.4 billion they eventually had.
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AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid. "Islamic Education Reform." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i1.2199.
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The earliest ijtihad, in the face of societal changes, can be traced backto the period of Khalifah Umar bin al-Khattab. The methodology ofjuristic preference (istihsan) was developed later as one way of institutingIslamic reform. It emerged as a response to the inadequacy of themethod of mere deduction. Other forms of intellectual reform can beseen in the works of Al-Ghazali in Ihya’ ‘Ulkn al-Din and Tahafat al-Falsifah, and in Ibn Rushd’s response, Tahafat al-Tahafat.Many of these early efforts toward intellectual reform were individualand accidental in nature and did not reflect any methodological school orinstitution. Reformers and creative thinkers seemed as flashes in the historyof Islamic thought. As the European challenge to the Ummahmounted, and the cultural and scientific imitation failed, many Muslimreformers surrendered themselves to culturally copying Europe whilecontinuing to praise the heritage of the Ummah and the sublime valuesand concepts embedded in its legacy.The movement for Islamization of knowledge tried to dig deep intoIslamic intellectual tradition in order to provide Muslim thinkers with thecapabilities and potential for the reform of contemporary Islamic thoughtand methodology. The genesis of the movement can be traced to the birthof the Association of Muslim Social Scientists in the United States and -Canada (AMSS) in 1972, the establishment of the International Instituteof Islamic Thought (IIIT) in 1981, and the development of theIslamization of Knowledge program of the International IslamicUniversity of Malaysia (IIUM) in 1989.As a result of these efforts, the ideas of Islamization of knowledge andIslamic methodological reform have become central themes in the worksof Muslim scholars, who find that these concepts give direction and purposeto their work. If we use the metaphor of a seed to describe the roleof intellectual and methodological reform in developing and reformingsocieties, then political, economic, technological and all other contributionsand reforms can be seen as the fruits of civilization. The questionthat presents itself is, if the seed is there-meaning proper thinking ...
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Pastukh, Olga, Timothy Gray, and Svetlana Golovina. "RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Architecture and Engineering 6, no. 1 (2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-40-49.
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Introduction: In addition to recognizing and taking into account the vital need for the maintenance and repair of historical structures, this study will focus on their inherent design potential at the intersection of the new and the old. Purpose of the study: The study aims to review the approach to restoring such landmarks as the library in Vyborg and the Arsenal building in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. We will also focus on the restoration of more mundane structures. In addition to historical monuments, this study will look at instances when there is no attempt to return the buildings to some idealized version of the past, but instead, the restoration process is used to celebrate the qualities of the buildings’ age in the here and now, and to recognize that they are living, evolving, and constantly changing entities. Methods: The study uses the method of analysis, which we apply to the standard solutions for various purposes and objects, in the form of structural and technological protection of cultural heritage sites during their restoration and adaptation. The use of modern restoration materials and protective structures’ construction technologies will help protect the environment while taking into account LEED, BREEAM, the Energy Star program (the USA), and the GREEN ZOOM standards. Results: We offer selected examples from contemporary practice in Europe, the United States, and Russia to illustrate these approaches to restoration, including two student-led architectural installations that explore the creative intersection between the new and the old. Discussion: Discussing the execution of specific restoration and reconstruction projects reveals the importance of international cooperation in the development of educational strategies and practices in the field of conserving and restoring the cultural heritage. The growing volume of conservation and restoration work is putting pressure on the development of research approaches and methodologies aimed at solving practical problems. At the same time, the restorer must be mindful of continuity with the past when reconstructing the more mundane and utilitarian structures that can benefit from less restrictive approaches to the intersection of the old and the new.
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Bestvina Bukvić, Ivana, Kristina Bjelić, and Marija Šain. "USPJEŠNOST PROGRAMA EUROPSKE UNIJE U POTICANJU I FINANCIRANJU KULTURNOG I KREATIVNOG SEKTORA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ." Pravni vjesnik 36, no. 3-4 (2020): 201–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/10187.
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The cultural and creative sectors are highly ranked by the number of employees at the European Union (EU) level and they represent an economic force that proved its resilience to economic changes due to rapid and easy adaptations to market and innovation trends. In order to achieve the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy, in 2013 the Regulation (EU) No 1295/2013 was passed by the European Parliament and the Council to establish the Creative Europe Programme (2014–2020) for support to cultural and creative sectors. However, it was found that the Republic of Croatia lacked systematic monitoring of the cultural and creative sectors (including the IT sector) as they are not sufficiently and well positioned in national policies and strategies. The research has been conducted into the level of success of the EU and its regulatory framework in stimulating cultural and creative sectors in developing countries. The paper analyzes the extent to which the Republic of Croatia adopted and applied the opportunities offered by the European Union programmes in financing the projects in cultural and creative sectors based on the results of the Creative Europe Programme, the Culture Sub-programme. The authors conducted the comparative analysis into the official programme results achieved in the Republic of Croatia, Slovenia and other EU member states. The research results show the position of the Republic of Croatia in relation to other countries, the influence of EU membership length and the level of innovation on the total number of positive applications evaluations in this field.
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Hunady, Jan, Marta Orviska, and Peter Pisar. "What matters: The Formation of University Spin-offs in Europe." Business Systems Research Journal 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-0010.
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Abstract Background: Transfer of knowledge from academia to business is one of the crucial issues for creating innovation. Creation of university spin-offs could significantly improve this transfer. Objectives: The main scientific aim is to examine the differences between universities in European countries and identify factors affecting the probability of creating the university spin-off. The paper is also focused on the differences in the specialization and financial sources of universities. Methods/Approach: We compare selected indicators for higher education institutions in European countries and examine potential determinants affecting the probability of academic spin-off formation. With respect to the main aim, the logit and probit regression analyses have been used. Results: Our results show that the creation of spin-offs is typical on the one hand for highly specialized universities or on the other hand for universities with a wide variety of study programs. They should also have an optimum number of doctoral students and have mostly less funding from tuition fees. Conclusions: Several indicators appear to play an important role in the formation of university spin-off. These indicators are the level of specialization, the share of tuition fees in the University budget, and the share of Ph.D. and foreign students.
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Artes, A. S. "Sites of Television Channels of Cultural and Educational Topics: Experience of “Russia K” and ARTE." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 6 (August 11, 2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-109-121.
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The article presents the outcomes of studying the transformation of audiovisual content in a new technological environment, which is one of the stages of the research project conducted by the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Journalism Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University. This stage held in July 2019 aims to identify the technological features of the work of the cultural and educational TV channel portals – “Russia K” (domestic channel) and ARTE (French-German channel). Both “Russia K” and ARTE are important media players that have been setting trends in their field for more than 10 years. The reason for comparing these channels was their thematic focus and a certain similarity of projects. The TV channel “Russia K” is the only non-for-profit channel dedicated to the cultural and educational topics in R SMAI, and ARTE TV channel is one of the most popular media specialized in this subject in Europe. During this stage the total amount of analyzed materials is 251 (145 publications on the “Russia K” and 106 on ARTE websites). The analysis of materials published on the Internet is based on following criteria: the number of materials, the nature of the content (broadcast / special), thematic and genre.The analysis of the amount of materials enables tracing the frequency of publication of new articles; data on the nature of the content helps to conclude which materials on the sites are more – on-air or special. Defining thematic and genre originality provides a complete picture of the content being posted.The author concludes that nowadays the Internet versions of the channels have their own faces but are inseparably bound with their television counterparts. The website of the TV channel “Russia K” is a vibrant media with recognizable style and creative presentation. However, in order to strengthen its position, the editors of the site should increase the number of copyright off-air materials and use new interactive genres (tests, quizzes, etc.).The site of the ARTE channel fits into the modern digital space while maintaining the classic presentation. Since most ARTE channel programs are timeless, they correlate very well with the consumer nature of the Internet and the need for educational content. Documentary films – the most common form of ARTE channel programs is in great demand by the audience in the digital environment that wants to quickly learn something important in a simple, vivid and understandable form.The difference between the on-air and non-air versions is largely exaggerated, because sites and channels do not compete with each other but are adjacent and complement each other. Websites enable access to the channel’s content anytime, anywhere, by selecting the desired program. Sites act not only as electronic repositories but also as individual units in the media world providing unique information.
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Banta, David, Finn Børlum Kristensen, and Egon Jonsson. "A history of health technology assessment at the European level." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090448.
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This study summarizes the experience with health technology assessment (HTA) at the European level. Geographically, Europe includes approximately fifty countries with a total of approximately 730 million people. Politically, twenty-seven of these countries (500 million people) have come together in the European Union. The executive branch of the European Union is named the European Commission, which supports several activities, including research, all over Europe and in many other parts of the world. The European Commission has promoted HTA by several policy positions and has funded a series of projects aimed at strengthening HTA in Europe. Around fifteen of the European countries now have formal national programs on HTA and some also have regional public programs. All countries that are members of the European Union and do not have a national approach to HTA have an interest in becoming more involved. The HTA projects sponsored by the European Commission have focused on networking and collaboration among established agencies and institutions for HTA, however, also on capacity building, support, and facilitation in creating mechanisms for HTA in European countries that still do not have any program in the field.
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Yezhova, Olha, Oleksandr Brizhatyi, Svitlana Korol, Dmytro Voropaiev, Olha Sytnyk, and Iryna Brizhata. "European experience of physical therapists training: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(136) (May 22, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).12.
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Improving the quality of education and training of future physical therapists in Ukraine is possible provided that the experience of the best European educational programs is taken into account. During 2018-2021, Ukraine is implementing the EU Erasmus + Program in the direction of KA2 ‒ "Cooperation for innovation and exchange of best practices ‒ Development of higher education potential" project "Innovative rehabilitation education in Ukraine: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine (REHAB)". Among the participating partners are four representatives of higher education institutions of Ukraine and Europe.
The main goals of the project are: to increase the professional potential of teachers of domestic universities; creation of new resources for teaching, learning, assessment; creation of a special educational infrastructure necessary for the implementation of new master's programs in physical therapy.
At the first stage of the project implementation, own educational programs in physical therapy were analyzed and a comparative description with similar European educational programs was made. In the second and third stages of the project, an innovative educational environment was developed and created for the training of future physical therapists. Particular attention is paid to practice-oriented training of future physical therapists. Methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination has been developed.
The results of this project at Sumy State University are: analysis and updating of the educational-professional program "Physical therapy" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education; development of the project of the educational-scientific program "Physical therapy" of the second (master's) level of higher education; development of educational and methodological support of educational components of bachelor's and master's educational programs in physical therapy; development of three electronic courses for the educational-scientific program of the second (master's) level "Physical therapy"; development of methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination in the specialty 227. "Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy"; creation of four rehabilitation educational and scientific laboratories and organization of the educational process on their basis; increasing the professional competence of all teachers of the Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Sports Medicine of SSU; participation of students in academic mobility activities, various forms of non-formal education within the project.
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Pereira, Teixeira. "Urban renaissance: The role of urban regeneration in Europe's urban development future." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 2, no. 2 (2010): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1002097p.
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Integrated Urban Regeneration can make an enormous contribution to the resolution of main problems such as the current economic situation, global warming, energy consumption, social exclusion and urban decline. The principles of urban regeneration are well established. The experience of urban regeneration in European Cities and Towns is well proven. This will only be achieved if concerted action is taken across all European countries. Experience has shown the benefit of European programs applied to Cities and Towns. There is therefore an opportunity for the creation of a European program to provide dynamics Urban Regeneration all over Europe to deliver the required Urban Renaissance.
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Ciechanowska, Maria. "Program ramowy Horyzont Europa czynnikiem wspierającym transformację energetyczną kraju." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 11 (November 2020): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.11.13.
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The article discusses the objectives of the Horizon Europe framework programme, conceived by the European Commission for 2021–2027, for the purposes of research and innovation. This programme is structured around three pillars, focusing on: creating the right conditions for researchers to acquire a high level of knowledge and skills, harnessing Europe’s intellectual capital, development of key technologies and innovative solutions in selected areas. The thematic groups of Horizon Europe have been presented, including: health, digital solutions, climate, energy, industry, bioeconomy. Attention has been paid to the organisation of international cooperation in the scope of research and innovation, where partnership has a special place in the upcoming programme perspective. The partnership is understood here as cooperation between research teams from EU Member States, the private sector, foundations or associations in undertaking and carrying out initiatives to support the development and implementation of the research agenda. The place of hydrogen technology in the development of various sectors of the economy was emphasised – from energy, road, rail, air, inland and sea transport, through heating and air conditioning, to the petrochemical, chemical and steel industries. The gas industry has a great role to play in the implementation of these technologies, having both the experience and the infrastructure to transport natural gas with the addition of hydrogen or to store hydrogen as an energy carrier. The benefits of implementing Horizon Europe have been presented. In addition to the chief benefits, related to the main objective of helping to make Europe a climate-neutral continent by 2050, attention has been paid to ensuring open access to publications and raw research results as well as to reinforcing international cooperation between research teams. The main assumptions and objectives of the Digital Europe programme have been presented, as well as the areas covered by funding (e.g. artificial intelligence, advanced digital skills, wide use of modern digital technologies in the entire economy). Both Horizon Europe and Digital Europe are compatible with the European Green Deal strategy of the EU.
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Misic, Gorana, Margaryta Rymarenko, and Helga Dorner. "Becoming a teacher in higher education: Creating an academic development program to catalyse doctoral students' professionalization." Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00068.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on exploring the intellectual basis for establishing an academic development program for international doctoral students in social sciences and humanities in Central Europe so as to cultivate a reflective scholarly approach to teaching early on in their academic career. The program conceptions and practices are embedded in the notion that a scholarly approach to teaching integrates the understanding and demonstration of knowledge about teaching and necessitates a continuous learning process about teaching through reflection and through conducting research on teaching in the various disciplines. In particular, taking on board the domains of teaching knowledge which derived from the kinds of reflections on teaching (cf. Kreber & Cranton, 2000; Mezirow, 1991), instructional, pedagogical and curricular knowledge and continuous reflection at the level of content, process as well as premise, are represented in an integrative manner in our overarching program principles and pedagogical strategies. As we see, professionalization of doctoral students' teaching practice in higher education (cf. Lueddeke, 2003) is particularly important in the context of enhanced faculty mobility and internationalization. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to the literature and practice on establishing academic development programs, especially in academic environments with low institutional support for teaching and lack of formal requirements for professional development.
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Sloniovska, O. V. "PECULIARITIES OF MYTHOLOGICAL CRITICS AS A LITERARY METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF LITERARY WORKS OF UKRAINIAN DIASPORA WRITERS." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-275-282.
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The article deals with the issues of scientific use of the tools of mythological criticism in all its current interpretations by scientific schools and currents. The main problematic task of the article appeared to be the reasoned proof of the productivity of analysis by the tools of archetypal criticism of the Ukrainian diaspora writers’ works in the 20-50’s years of the twentieth century. As key tasks we consider the following: to analyze the mythological thinking of the Ukrainian diaspora leading writers in the 20-50’s years in a proper way; to prove the effectiveness of the powerful consolidating literary myth of Ukraine created by the artists; to draw appropriate conclusions on the basis of artistic texts.
The scientific research is based on the significant foundations of scientific achievements of foreign and Ukrainian philosophers, psychologists, ethnographers, anthropologists, folklorists, literary critics and it is defined with the innovative approach to the artistic texts by I. Bagrianyi, V. Barka, V. Samchuk, T. Os’machka, E. Malaniuk, O. Ol’zhych.
The current instruments of archetypal criticism are implemented distinctly, they are systematized and supplemented with the notions of afflatus, insights, categories of mythological concepts, frames, patterns, components of reframing, national domains, mythological phantoms (holograms).
It has been proven that the Ukrainian diaspora’s literature of the 20 – 50-s of the twentieth century has worked out the mythological paradigm of the superiority of the occupied people over an invader, it has created the code-program of Ukraine for the future on its own ancestral land in the centre of Europe, and not Ukraine in the exile, as Ukrainian immigrant politicians propagandized.
The Ukrainian immigrants appear as participants of author’s and life survival experiments in the twentieth century on diaspora prose pages. By interpreting mainland Ukraine as a sacred space, the writers of Ukrainian diaspora artistically tested the concept of a strong spirited and very conscious national heroes, in such a way they intensified the potential readiness of the real people to implement their own state-building efforts.
The literary myth of Ukraine that was realized by the creative efforts of the diaspora writers, possessed important features of the vitaistic and consolidating metaphysical phenomenon. Therefore it has a powerful influence on Ukrainians even in our time.
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Trouli, Sofia. "Teens Challenged to Re-think the Concept of European Identity in the Museum." Higher Education Studies 11, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v11n3p156.
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Museums seek to be places for democratization, inclusion and polyphony. In this paper we present the multimodal conversations of the participating adolescents in the course of a museum pedagogical program in the Museum of Contemporary Art of Crete. The program’s topic is Europe and the concept of European identity. Firstly, we prepare the ground through creating an environment of safety and confidence, and next, together with our groups we study the selected artworks, following the routines of ‘Artful Thinking’, which propose the development of critical thinking through specific questions. This process reinforces reflective thinking and skills of participating in a dialogue. Our aim is to describe and share how a museum through its collections and programs can constitute a space where democratic dialogue and healthy debate are cultivated. In this space, everybody is invited to participate in inquiring, reflecting on self, answering, sharing, with and through the art.
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Dușe, Dan Maniu, and Carmen Sonia Dușe. "Engineering creativity support for future research and development." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cplbu-2017-0049.
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Abstract The human abilities to use nature’s materials and force to their benefit, by means of engineering applications has made the human development possible. Multiple factors have influenced the human development, sometimes accelerating it, other times slowing it down to annulation. Although it is known and accepted that creativity’s role is essential in engineering performances, the neglecting of creativity in engineering education is not understood. The graduates from Anglo-Saxon countries and Europe reduced creative potential and the lack of necessary abilities concerning the solving of the companies’ problems have been emphasized by specialists in education and governmental reports reinforces the need to creativity in engineering education. The diagram of engineering education presented in the paper defines in conceptual terms the way engineering study programs can be developed with an adequate creative composition. The evaluation of the students’ creativity level at the master and doctoral levels of engineering programs belonging to two European universities has shown the need for improving creativity solutions. The development of creative abilities can be realized by formulating creative objectives which are specific to learning: creative evaluating topics, open projects, answering topics, originality of solutions and the use of projects method.
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Serdiuk, Ya O. "Chamber music works by Amanda Maier in the context of European Romanticism." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 56, no. 56 (July 10, 2020): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-56.08.
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Background. The name of Amanda Maier (married – Röntgen-Maier), the Swedish violinist, composer, pianist, organist, representative of the Leipzig school of composition, contemporary and good friend of С. Schumann, J. Brahms, E. Grieg, is virtually unknown in the post-Soviet space and little mentioned in the works of musicologists from other countries. The composer’s creativity has long been almost completely forgotten, possibly due to both her untimely death (at the age of 41) and thanks to lack of the research interest in the work of women composers over the past century. The latter, at least in domestic musicology, has significantly intensified in recent decades, which is due in part to the advancement in the second half of the XX and early XXI centuries of a constellation of the talanted women-composers in Ukraine – L. Dychko, H. Havrylets, A. Zagaikevych, I. Aleksiichuk, formerly – G. Ustvolska, S. Gubaydulina in Russia, etc. Today, it is obvious that the development of the world art is associated not only with the activities of male artists, but also with the creative achievements of women: writers, artists, musicians. During her life, A. Maier was the well-known artist in Europe and in the world and the same participant in the musical-historical process as more famous today the musicians of the Romantic era. Objectives and methodology. The proposed study should complement the idea of the work of women-composers of the 19th century and fill in one of the gap on the music map of Europe at that time. The purpose of this article is to characterize the genre-stylistic and compositional-dramaturgical features of selected chamber music works by A. Röntgen-Maier. In this research are used historical-stylistic, structural and functional, analytical, comparative, genre methods. Research results. Carolina Amanda Erika Maier-Röntgen was born in Landskrona, Sweden, where she received her first music lessons from her father. Then she studied at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, where she mastered playing on the several instruments at once – violin, cello, piano, organ, as well as studied the music theory. She became the first woman received the title of “Musik Direktor” after successfully graduating from college. She continued her studies at the Leipzig Conservatory – in the composition under Carl Reineke and Ernst Friedrich Richter direction, in the violin – with Engelbert Röntgen (concertmaster of the Gewandhaus Orchestra, the father of her future husband J. Röntgen). She toured Europe a lot, firstly as a violinist, performing her own works and her husband’s works, alongside with world classics. After the birth of her two sons, she withdrew from active concert activities due to the deterioration of her health, but often participated in music salons, which she and her husband organized at home, and whose guests were J. Brahms, C. Schumann, E. Grieg with his wife, and A. Rubinstein. It is known that Amanda Maier performed violin sonatas by J. Brahms together with Clara Schumann. The main part of the composer’s creative work consists of chamber and instrumental works. She wrote the Sonata in B minor (1878); Six Pieces for violin and piano (1879); “Dialogues” – 10 small pieces for piano, some of which were created by Julius Röntgen (1883); Swedish songs and dances for violin and piano; Quartet for piano, violin, viola and cello E minor (1891), Romance for violin and piano; Trio for violin, cello and piano (1874); Concert for violin and orchestra (1875); Quartet for piano, violin, viola and clarinet E minor; “Nordiska Tonbilder” for violin and piano (1876); Intermezzo for piano; Two string quartets; March for piano, violin, viola and cello; Romances on the texts of David Wiersen; Trio for piano and two violins; 25 Preludes for piano. Sizable part of the works from this list is still unpublished. Some manuscripts are stored in the archives of the Stockholm State Library, scanned copies of some manuscripts and printed publications are freely available on the Petrucci music library website, but the location of the other musical scores by A. Maier is currently unknown to the author of this material; this is the question that requires a separate study. Due to the limited volume of the article, we will focus in detail on two opuses, which were published during the life of the composer, and which today have gained some popularity among performers around the world. These are the Sonata in B minor for Violin and Piano and the Six Pieces for Violin and Piano. Sonata in B minor is a classical three-part cycle. The first movement – lyricaldramatic sonata allegro (B minor), the second – Andantino – Allegretto, un poco vivace – Tempo I (G major) – combines lyrical and playful semantic functions, the third – Allegro molto vivace (B minor) is an active finale with a classical rondosonata structure. The Six Pieces for Violin and Piano rightly cannot be called the cycle, in the Schumann sense of this word, because there is no common literary program for all plays, intonation-thematic connections between this musical numbers, end-to-end thematic development that would permeate the entire opus. But this opus has the certain signs of cyclization and the common features to all plays, contributing to its unification: tonal plan, construction of the whole on the principle of contrast, genre, song and dance intonation, the leading role of the violin in the presentation of thematic material. Conclusions and research perspectives. Amanda Maier’s chamber work freely synthesizes the classical (Beethoven) and the romantic (Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schumann) traditions, which the composer, undoubtedly, learned through the Leipzig school. From there come the classical harmony, the orderliness of her thinking, clarity, conciseness, harmony of form, skill in ensemble writing, polyphonic ingenuity. There are also parallels with the music of J. Brahms. With the latter, A. Maier’s creativity correlates trough the ability to embody freely and effortlessly the subtle lyrical psychological content, being within the traditional forms, to feel natural within the tradition, without denying it and without trying to break it. The melodic outlines and rhythmic structures of some themes and certain techniques of textured presentation in the piano part also refer us to the works of the German composer. However, this is hardly a conscious reliance on the achievements of J. Brahms, because the creative process of the two musicians took place in parallel, and A. Maier’s Violin Sonata appeared even a little earlier than similar works by J. Brahms in this genre. Prospects for further research in this direction relate to the search for new information about A. Maier’s life and creativity and the detailed examination of her other works.
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Gaydardzhieva, V. "EU INDUSTRIAL POLICY BEFORE THE NEW PROGRAM PERIOD 2021-2027." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.004.
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The main objective of the European Union's (EU) industrial policy is to increase the competitiveness of European industry so that it can continue to play its role as a driver of sustainable growth and employment in Europe. In order to provide better framework conditions for the EU industry, different strategies have been adopted. At the beginning of the current programming period (2014-2020), the European Commission (EC) calls on Member States to recognize industry's leading role as a factor for economic growth, employment and competitiveness through measures in all policy areas. The new approach to industrial policy, formulated in the Europe 2020 strategy, aims at boosting EU competitiveness, generating growth, creating jobs and enabling the transition to low-carbon economy and efficient use of resources. The EU-prepared and European-level discussion of a "Renewed EU Strategy for Industrial Policy" of 2017 is a first step towards the development of an EU-oriented industrial strategy that needs a common approach based on the competitive advantages of the economy and businesses, taking into account the European model of high environmental and social standards and setting an ambitious long-term vision for industry over a decade and beyond a future for the benefit of citizens and the economy. Industrial policy should not protect aging businesses, but should eliminate unfair commercial practices and draw up an action plan in line with strategic objectives. It should become part of the “Sovereign Europe Program.”
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Mazur, I. P., S. S. Yessembayeva, and O. V. Shevchenko. "Cooperation of dentists from Eastern Europe." Oral and General Health 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/ogh.2.1.2021.227060.
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The article presents the historical aspects of cooperation between dentists in Eastern Europe over the past thirty years. The formation of scientific dental schools, the ways of organizing dental care, the development of professional education had their national characteristics in the countries of Eastern Europe. The International Dental Association “Commonwealth” played a key role in the formation of the interaction of professional communities of Eastern Europe with the World Dental Federation (FDI) and the development of recommendations for the creation and implementation of programs for the primary prevention of dental diseases, taking into account the European indicators of dental health. The main jointly held dental congresses, meetings, and prospects of interstate interaction of dentists from Eastern Europe are presented.
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Lombardo, Claudio, Daniela Albanese, Filippo Belardelli, Francesca d'Alessandro, Mauro Giacomini, Tania Rondanina, and Luigi G. Spagnoli. "Training and Mobility: A Priority for the Organisation of the European Cancer Institutes. How a National Mobility Initiative Could Enhance EU Cooperation in Cancer Research Contributing to the Development of an European Research Area: The Example of the Italian Comprehensive Cancer Centers’ Network “Alleanza Contro il Cancro”." Tumori Journal 94, no. 2 (March 2008): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160809400203.
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It is widely recognized that productivity gains, sustained economic growth and employment are largely determined by technological progress, innovation and human capital. The 2000 Lisbon strategy to make Europe a competitive knowledge-based economy by 2010 and, more specifically, the Barcelona objectives agreed upon in 2002 to increase R&D investment in the EU to approach 3% of GDP, ensuring that there are sufficient human resources for research, are a preliminary step in this direction. If we want to reach this goal we have to succeed in retaining the best researchers, creating the right environment where they can perform their activities and develop their careers. To this aim the Organization of European Cancer Institutes (OECI) has set up a working group on Education and Training with the mandate to encourage continuing education in cancer research and applications and to verify the feasibility to promote mobility programs inside the network and in association with industries. Until now only few OECI training programs have been launched and a full mobility program has not been developed yet due to limited budget resources. The Italian Network of Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Alleanza Contro il Cancro, has planned the launch of a mobility program awarding 70 annual fellowships over a period of 36 months. This program, which will be open to the world research community, could represent a first interaction through mobility among the members of the OECI network also involving industries. The program is a tangible approach to sustain the translational process needed for the development of an European Research Area in the field of cancer and its related biomedical disciplines, thus providing a practical answer to the 2005 renewed Lisbon Strategy.
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Hiyama, Tamejiro. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20057707iv.
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Organic synthesis has long played a pivotal role in the chemical sciences. It is therefore unsurprising and appropriate that the International Conferences on Organic Synthesis (ICOS) continue to thrive. This series was initiated by IUPAC in 1976 and has since featured biennially as one of the core events of the Union. What is surprising is that 22 years have elapsed since an ICOS event was last hosted by Japan. On that occasion, ICOS-4 was held in 1982 at Shinjuku, Tokyo, and was acclaimed as a great success. The latest event (ICOS-15), in Nagoya, Japan on 1ñ6 August 2004, offered an opportunity to match or surpass the impact of its predecessoróa challenge that was taken up enthusiastically under the leadership of Profs. Minoru Isobe (Nagoya University) and Hisashi Yamamoto (now at the University of Chicago) as Conference co-Chairs. Almost 1000 participants converged on Nagoya from all parts of the world. A noticeably high level of participation by delegates from East Asia in relation to those from North America and Europe attested to the growing capacity of this region to contribute to research at the forefront of this area of the chemical sciences. The scientific program of the Conference embraced all aspects of modern synthetic organic chemistry, inter alia, the invention of selective synthetic methods, asymmetric synthesis, total synthesis of natural products, design and synthesis of artificial agents for pharmaceutical and agricultural uses, and molecular assembly and materials based on molecular function. This topical breadth was also captured in a poster program, which was handsomely supported by no less than 466 displays on every conceivable facet of the subject. Overall, it is evident that organic synthesis has expanded its boundaries increasingly toward biological and material sciences, in response to the new challenges arising from rapid progress in molecular biology and applied physics during recent years.A lecture program comprising 10 plenary and 20 invited presentations, in addition to the Thieme/IUPAC award lecture and two Nagoya medal lectures, contributed to a truly exciting Conference experience, and the 21 speakers who kindly agreed to contribute papers based upon their presentations have made it possible to capture some of the excitement in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The Nagoya Gold Medallist, J. F. Stoddart, used the occasion to share an absorbing and very personal perspective on molecular assembly and materials, a theme on which M. Fujita also disclosed new insights and developments. The perennial theme of total synthesis of natural products, provided scope for presentation of highly creative accomplishments by S. Ley, J. Cossy, Y. Langlois, R. Pilli, and S. Kozmin on a variety of challenging targets. Such advances in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products having extremely complex structures, often necessitate development of novel synthetic methods, and H. Overkleeft, P. Chiu, V. Nair, T.-P. Loh, S. Martin, T.-Y. Luh, E. Juaristi, and M. Catellani did justice to this theme with presentations on a variety of extremely elegant and sophisticated new developments in methodology, based upon organometallic catalysts and/or reagents. Finally, the broad theme of asymmetric synthesis using organometallic complexes with chiral ligands or chiral organocatalysts was developed in conjunction with combinatorial methodology, which is shown to be highly effective in optimizing catalytic systems. Those who contributed to the topic of asymmetric synthesis are K. Ding, A. Charette, S. H. Kang, A. Berkessel, and K. Maruoka, the recipient of the Nagoya Silver Medal.What is the future of organic synthesis? The invention of unprecedented drugs and materials has enriched and expanded the horizons of the human experience in formerly unimagined ways, and owes much to the ever increasing ingenuity of organic synthesis, and recognition and attainment of new synthetic targets. The impact of organic synthesis on cognate disciplines and on general advancement of science and technology is definitely enormous and will be further strengthened by future challenges and opportunities. Thus, it is hoped that younger generations will be inspired to participate in tapping this rich potential, in the cause of advancing science and contributing to the enrichment of future life. These aspirations may yield incalculable rewards. Such progress will certainly be reflected in the scientific program of the next Conference in the ICOS series, which will take place in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico on 11ñ15 June 2006, under the chairmanship of Dr. Eusebio Juaristi, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico.Tamejiro HiyamaConference EditorDepartment of Material ChemistryKyoto University, Kyoto, Japan *An issue of reviews and research papers based on lectures presented at the 15th International Conference on Organic Synthesis (ICOS-15), held in Nagoya, Japan, 1-6 August 2004, on the theme of organic synthesis. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 1087-1296.
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Appel, Hilary. "Anti-Communist Justice and Founding the Post-Communist Order: Lustration and Restitution in Central Europe." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 19, no. 3 (August 2005): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325405278020.
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This article explores how ideas and beliefs shaped the development of programs of retrospective justice. By focusing on lustration, property restitution, and the declassification of secret service files in four central European countries, this article investigates the role of formalized anti-communist programs in the founding of the new political and economic order. After reviewing the development of anti-communist programs in East Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary, the article examines the motivation behind these programs and the variation in approaches across countries. It then analyzes the implications of anti-communist programs for the creation of a post-communist national identity, and concludes with a discussion of the weak anti-communist programs in post-Soviet Russia.
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Ilík, Jan, and Agata Pomykala. "Rapid services – the Czech high-speed rail project for Central Europe." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818001006.
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In March 2017, the Czech parliament passed a resolution obliging the government to launch a high-speed line program. Government resolution on launching the program was adopted in May 2017. The High Speed Railway Development Program in Czech Republic is intended to target international connections in several axes: Dresden-Prague-Brno-Vienna/Bratislava/Budapest, Katowice-Ostrava-Brno- Vienna/Bratislava/Budapest, Wroclaw-Prague-Munich. This network is supposed to improve Prague's accessibility to other cities in Czech Republic but also to major agglomerations of neighbouring states. This project is not only railway project but also a project of national development. One-day trip will include, among others, Dresden, Berlin, Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest and Warsaw together with other big cities in Poland. Since 2010 in Polish - Czech cooperation are being prepared studies on lines Wrocław - Praga and Katowice - Ostrava. The high-speed railway program implementation in Czech Republic and in Poland and Baltic Countries will result in an effective connection between Prague and Baltic Countries capitals. Creation of an international fast railway network in Central Europe is a part of the EU's transport policy framework for TEN-T network development and will contribute to the progress of economic links in the region. In addition, it is going to be involved in the European Union social and economic cohesion improvement.
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Sierras-Davo, Maria Cristina, Manuel Lillo-Crespo, Patricia Verdu, and Aimilia Karapostoli. "Transforming the Future Healthcare Workforce across Europe through Improvement Science Training: A Qualitative Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031298.
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Healthcare improvement science (HIS) is the generation of knowledge to cultivate change towards improving health systems performance. Our purpose was to evaluate the experience of European nursing students after an intensive one-week summer program conducted in 2019 at the University of Alicante in Spain. The educational intervention combined theoretical and practical HIS contents, with students from different countries, educational programs, and health systems. The intervention was evaluated under a qualitative approach through the open discussion group technique based on the method of participatory action research (PAR), with a total of 25 students who reflected about their experiences and perceptions during the intervention. The responses were used to improve the program’s contents, its didactics, and organization. Nursing empowerment, professional recognition, and healthcare research were some of the seven main categories identified through the systematic content analysis method triangulated by three experienced researchers. According to the students’ replies, values like compassion, respect, or empathy were identified as key elements of care. Promoting international students’ networking emerged as the key to creating a positive provision for change and the generation of improvement initiatives. Building a HIS culture may potentially provide future healthcare professionals with critical thinking skills and the resources needed to improve their future work settings.
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Harding, Catherine. "University of Victoria." Florilegium 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.20.012.
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The Medieval Studies program at the University of Victoria is an interdisciplinary unit whose members come from the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Fine Arts. The idea of creating an undergraduate program in Medieval Studies was developed in 1986-87; since that date faculty members teaching in the Departments of English, French, Hispanic and Italian Studies, Greek and Roman Studies, History, Philosophy, Music, and History in Art have offered courses leading to a Major in Medieval Studies (The program began as a Minor and changed to a Major in 1994). Undergraduates are introduced to key concepts in the study of medieval culture and society in Europe, as well as the medieval Islamic world.
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G Malakyan, Petros. "International Curriculum and Conceptual Approaches to Doctoral Programs in Leadership Studies." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 14 (2019): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4254.
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Aim/Purpose: This study explores the various teaching and learning approaches, curriculum design, and program requirements for 70 doctoral programs in leadership. Background: Early research indicates that few studies have addressed learner-centred and process-based approaches to leadership studies among doctoral programs in leadership worldwide. This study is the first complete review of programs in the interdisciplinary field of leadership. Methodology: A qualitative method approach through internet-mediated research was employed to identify explicit and implicit textual data on learning approaches of doctoral programs in leadership. The sample represents a list of 70 doctoral programs in leadership studies and organisational leadership (62 programs are in the United States and eight in Europe, Canada, Philippines, and South Africa). Contribution: This study provides an overview of doctoral program characteristics, delivery methods, coursework and research requirements, discipline-relevant teaching and learning approaches, and process-based approach to leadership. It may serve as a resource and a roadmap to assess teaching and learning approaches of doctoral programs in leadership for program reviews and improvement. Findings: The significant findings of this study are: (a) 91.4% of doctoral programs are coursework-driven, leaving little room for original research. (b) 46% of programs show lack of evidence to context-based approaches to learning (learning as a social activity served outside of classroom environment where learning tools and the context intersect with human interactions). (c) Various teaching and learning approaches, including those prescribed to constructivist, interactionist, situated, and action-based learning approaches. Recommendations for Practitioners: Leadership cannot be understood or learned without social interactions in context. In order to produce experts and “stewards of the field,” a clearer learner-centred strategy to doctoral education, including context-based experiences, should be considered. This pedagogical approach needs to be explicitly articulated (on the public website) to enable students to make an informed decision about doctoral programs in leadership. Recommendation for Researchers: In order to produce theoreticians and “stewards of the discipline” (Golde & Walker, 2006), doctoral curricula design and implementation should seek a balance between coursework, independent research, and creation of collaborative learning environment between students and faculty. Further, due to the shift from the leader-centred to the process-based understanding of leadership, doctoral programs in leadership should consider the relationship process between leaders and followers as one academic inquiry or continuum. Impact on Society: Doctoral programs in leadership that utilise more learner-centred and context-based approaches for knowledge acquisition (epistemologies) as well as studying the leadership phenomenon as a relationship process are more likely to become more impactful and sustainable in society. Future Research: More research seems necessary to identify the extent to which learner-centred approaches within doctoral programs in leadership positively impact on doctoral students’ motivation for learning, program completion, retention, and personal and professional development.
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Urniaż, Jerzy. "Enlightenment and reform of The National Education Commission, its pioneering system of centralized management, the school program and physical education: myths and reality." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 1 (2020): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.01.
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In this article, the author discusses the reasons for creating the National Education Commission, its links with the Enlightenment, the school program, PE and, above all, the centralized system of management and financing of the reform. In the first place, reference was made to the characteristic trends of the Enlightenment, the way the Republic of Poland functioned until the partitions, and in the second part to KEN reform. The reform was not the effect of the long-term state education policy. It was created thanks to the coincidence of the unexpected liquidation of the Jesuit Order in Europe. The financial security of the reform was money gained from the sale of wealth of the Order, used thanks to the pioneering system in Europe of centralized management and financing of the reform. As it turned out, this system – in the absence of control – made it possible to squander and even misappropriate a large part of the funds. The effect of this was the collapse of many schools and a small number of secular teachers (eg. PE was often conducted by older students). In the KEN reform, it is difficult to find the characteristic features of the Enlightenment, because of world-view and mental-cultural issues. Moreover, the reform did not have long term prospects on the one hand due to the limited size of post-Jesussian wealth, on the other – due to the lack of alternative finacial security – regularly incoming taxes to the state, which was not the case in the Commonwealth of Poland.
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Möller Recondo, Claudia Marcela. "Comunidades creativas en torno a un Proyecto de gestión cultural, en el ámbito universitario, con alumnos y alumnas del Grado de Educación Social de la Universidad de Extremadura." Culturas. Revista de Gestión Cultural 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cs.2015.3759.
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<p class="Default">Se presentan los resultados de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente, desarrollado en el marco de la Asignatura “Gestión Cultural”, del Grado de Educación Social en la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad de Extremadura (España) desarrollado entre 2012 y 2014; avalado y financiado por el propio Centro, por el Vicerrectorado de Extensión, por la Consejería de Educación y Cultura del Gobierno de Extremadura, por la Red Europea de Cooperación Itinerarios Culturales europeos Las rutas europeas del emperador Carlos V y por el Programa “Meet your MEP” del Parlamento europeo.</p><p class="Default">Se constituyeron comunidades creativas en torno a lo que dimos en llamar un ecosistema de Gestión cultural, y el objetivo fue que los alumnos/as perfeccionen las competencias de pensar, crear, elaborar y gestionar proyectos culturales a la vez que realizar una acción experiencial en torno a una de las rutas españolas del emperador Carlos V.</p>
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Collinson, Paul, Janne Suvisaari, Kristin M. Aakre, Hannsjörg Baum, Christopher J. Duff, Damien Gruson, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, et al. "How Well Do Laboratories Adhere to Recommended Guidelines for Cardiac Biomarkers Management in Europe? The CArdiac MARker Guideline Uptake in Europe (CAMARGUE) Study of the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine Task Group on Cardiac Markers." Clinical Chemistry 67, no. 8 (June 1, 2021): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab066.
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Abstract Background The CARdiac MARker Guideline Uptake in Europe (CAMARGUE) program is a multi-country audit of the use of cardiac biomarkers in routine clinical practice. Methods An email link to a web-based questionnaire of 30 multiple-choice questions was distributed via the professional societies in Europe. Results 374 questionnaires were returned from 39 countries, the majority of which were in northern Europe with a response rate of 8.2%–42.0%. The majority of the respondents were from hospitals with proportionately more responses from central hospitals than district hospitals. Cardiac troponin was the preferred cardiac biomarker, evenly split between cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase are no longer offered as cardiac biomarkers. Creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, and myoglobin continue to be offered as part of the cardiac biomarker profile in approximately on 50% of respondents. There is widespread utilization of high sensitivity (hs) troponin assays. The majority of cTnT users measure hs-cTnT. 29.5% of laboratories measure cTnI by a non-hs method but there has been substantial conversion to hs-cTnI. The majority of respondents used ng/L and use the 99th percentile as the upper reference limit (71.9% of respondents). A range of diagnostic protocols are in use. Conclusions There is widespread utilization of hs troponin methods. A significant minority do not use the 99th percentile as recommended and there is, as yet, little uptake of very rapid diagnostic strategies. Education of laboratory professionals and clinicians remains a priority.
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Mersel, Alexandre. "An adapted continuing education program in gerodontics: The actual challenge." Journal of Global Oral Health 1 (March 29, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jgoh-6-2018.
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The Concept started after WW2 mainly is US, and was divided in 3 directions; Geriatric Dentistry, Gerodontics and Gerodontology. Two important Journals were edits; Special care in Dentistry and Gerodontology. In Europe we were witness to the creation to the International Association in Gerodonotology. In 1991 appeared the European College of Gerodontology actually publishing in the Journal Gerodontology Since this topic is not recognized as a specialty, the Faculties were not enthusiastic to introduce it in the basic formation. Moreover in the large audience meetings/ Congresses the number of Speakers were very small. In the FDI it took time under my leading to fix Gerodontic sessions. Only during the last few years appeared an initiative that was sponsored and under the control of the FDI, a Federation of Dental Associations and the OHAP (Oral Health for an Ageing Population). But despite these progresses, on a Continuing Education level few people attended the lectures and also only a few remained until the end of Lecture. Consequently it is necessary to find out the reasons of this situation
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Baďuríková, Zita. "Nurseries - Educational or Social Institutions?" Lifelong Learning 3, no. 1 (2013): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele2013030173.
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The paper presents recent approaches to institutional education of children under three years in a wider international and European context. It introduces concepts of creation of educational programs for children in some countries of Europe and the USA. Unlike in former socialist countries, the issue of young children education is in focus in countries with a developed system of pre-school education, including educational training of people working in various types of nurserie.
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Feldmann, Nina, Raphael Kurz, Cornelia Böhmer, and Eva Maria Beck-Meuth. "Implementation of E-learning in an Electrical Engineering Study Program - Infrastructure, Experiences, and Lessons Learned." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 6, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.5977.
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This paper reports on the development of
e-learning material for a blended-learning part-time study program in electrical engineering and information technology. It is focused on the entire process of creation, from the perspective of instructors and higher education professionals supporting the production. In the design of the program, the development of effective study material including e-learning content for the target group was one of the main objectives. Associated with the development of this material, various challenges had to be overcome. In the following, we describe the development and implementation process of the material using results from a survey among lecturers who were contributing e-learning to the program. Different manifestations of e-learning are discussed, and the whole process of production is reviewed. In the current efforts for digitizing higher education in Europe, the findings may be relevant for universities’ e-learning strategies.
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Peshkin, Vitalii Mikhailovich. "Prerequisites for the creation of Visegrád Group in the context of international political and economic situation in Europe." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.4.36045.
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The subject of this research is the historical conditions for the creation of Visegrád Group – subregional organization of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. The collapse of the system of pro-communist regimes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe allowed the local dissident circles to create the “ideological” framework for subregional organization, which is based on the idea of the Central European identity. In the late 1980s, the idea of subregional cooperation in the socialist camp won support of a number of Western European countries. However, the initiative on the development regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe was taken over by the United States. The United States prompted the decision of the G7 member-states on the transfer of the European Commission a coordinating role in assisting Poland and Hungary as the flagships for conducting political and economic liberalization in Central and Eastern Europe. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of attempts of subregional cooperation outside the framework of the European Economic Community in the late 1980s. Attention is also given to the previously unstudied criticism of the process of accession of the countries of Visegrád Group to the European Economic Community. Critical assessments substantiated by ineffectiveness of the programs of assisting the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by posing threats to the stability of the European Economic Community member-states due to inclusion of the former socialist countries into the united Europe. The main conclusion lies in the statement that the collapse of the socialist camp at the turn of the 1980s – 1990s actualized the pursuit of identity in the new world by the Central and Eastern European countries. The oath of European integration was selected as a universal method for solution of this problem. However, regional cooperation remained a relevant question, since rapprochement with the Western Europe alone could not eliminate all the contradictions between the countries. The cooperation between Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia became the most successful example of such cooperation and served as the prototype for creation of other subregional structures.
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Hitzig, Sander, Christine Sheppard, Ariana Holt, Andrea Austen, and Miller Glenn. "An International Environmental Scan of Social Housing for Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3347.
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Abstract The City of Toronto is creating a standalone housing corporation to focus on the specific needs of low-income older adults living in social housing. A key focus of this new corporation will be to provide housing, health and community support services needed to optimize older adult tenants’ ability to maintain their tenancy and age in place with dignity and in comfort. To support this work, we conducted an environmental scan of service delivery models that connect low-income older adults living in social housing with health and support services. Desktop research was undertaken to identify relevant programs. For each model, key details were extracted including housing type, services offered, provider information, rent structure and funding sources. The scan identified 34 examples of social housing programs for older adults run by public, private and non-profit agencies across Canada, the United States and Europe that integrated health and supportive services. Successful models were those that understood the needs of tenants and developed collaborative partnerships with health and social service providers to create flexible place-based programs. A common challenge across jurisdictions was privacy legislation that made it difficult to share health and tenancy data with program partners. The presence of on-site staff that focused on building trust and community among tenants was considered key for identifying tenants requiring additional supports in order to age in place. These insights offer important considerations on how integrated supportive housing service models promote housing stability and support better health and wellbeing among older adults residing in social housing.
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De Paor, Cathal. "Collaborative professional development and curriculum implementation: insights from program evaluation." Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2450-4491.06.11.
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In its recent Communication, the European Commission calls for greater use of collaborative professional development for teachers in member states (European Commission 2017a). Although peer collaboration is gaining ground, it has not yet become the norm across Europe. Undoubtedly, different kinds of continuing professional development (CPD) are more conducive than others for being collaborative. However, if the intention is to develop teacher collaboration in their routine work, then it makes sense that, where appropriate, the CPD provided should also be collaborative. A form of CPD that is relevant for all countries is the kind offered by external coaches visiting schools to support curriculum reform. This article examines the lessons that can be learned from an evaluation of such a national program of CPD in Ireland. While there were various organizational issues that impeded the nature and extent of teacher collaboration in the CPD, it is argued that the external coach played an important role in creating the conditions for collaborative practices among the teachers later on, including peer coaching. This can then support the cultivation of a culture of ‘collaborative professionalism’ in schools, as opposed to simply ‘professional collaboration’ (Hargreaves, O’Connor 2017).
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Shageeva, F. T., E. S. Mishchenko, N. G. Chernyshov, K. E. Nurgalieva, K. M. Turekhanova, and Y. T. Omirzhanov. "International ENTER Project: A New Pedagogical Training Approach for Engineering Educators." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 6 (July 2, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-6-65-74.
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The formation of a modern generation of engineers capable to drive changes that meet the requirements of the future necessitates a new approach in pedagogical training of engineering teachers. The international ENTER (EngineeriNg educaTors pEdagogical tRaining) project is being developed as part of EU Erasmus program focused on addressing the actual education needs from the standpoint of human and social capitals development both in Europe and in other countries. The ENTER project is aimed at the creation and development of an international platform for multilevel vocational training/retraining of technical universities teachers on the basis of the Eurasian interaction network. Surveys among employers, teachers, and engineering university students, as well as scientific periodicals analysis allowed us to determine the complex of universal and specific engineering and pedagogical competencies that educators should master not only for today, but also for the future needs. Based on the competency analysis, a three-level modular teacher training/retraining program (iPET program) has been developed and its international accreditation is planned.
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Marynchenko, Yevhenii. "Innovative Approaches to Vocational Education Teachers′ Training Within the Educational Space of European Countries." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0027.
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Abstract The article examines the main approaches to content, forms and methods of training future teachers of vocational education in Europe. It has been found that the structure and content according to national traditions and European standards have led to success of European vocational education. It has been proved that training is practiceoriented, has a solid fundamental basis and is interdisciplinary, effectively contributes to the forming of a professional outlook. We have identified common trends in training teachers of vocational education: flexible training programs based on a broad concept of competence and establishment of closer links between education institutions and research laboratories; greater attention to quality control through a large diversity in the education content; increasing autonomy of education institutions that widens their perspectives, obligatory research and innovation projects within training of future vocational education teachers, diversity of forms and methods of professional training that develops creative innovative thinking, the importance of using ICTs in the training. All these aspects prove innovative nature of European education and great opportunities for training future vocational education teachers′ readiness for creative professional activity.
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Hrabánková, M., and I. Boháčková. "Conditions of sustainable development in the Czech Republic in compliance with the recommendation of the European Commission." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 3 (April 6, 2009): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/587-agricecon.
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The Program Period of the European Union for the years 2007–2013 is focused on the support of standardization of rural development and the creation of a space for its sustainable development. Agriculture is in the structure of production and non-production functions an important factor of social-economic development of countryside and it contributes to the increase of its growth potential. Diversification of activities in the countryside has a significant influence on the stability of settlement, the development of employment in the countryside, and the sustenance of entrepreneurial structures in rural regions.
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Vermeersch, Peter. "Nationalism and political competition in Central Europe: The case of Poland." Nationalities Papers 41, no. 1 (January 2013): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.747499.
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To explain nationalist politics in Poland, researchers and observers have sometimes speculated about the dispositions of the electorate, popular sentiments, public fears for the loss of sovereignty, the people's historically ingrained preference for nationalist rhetoric, and their feelings of discontent about the economy. This article argues that hypotheses about the existence of nationalist sentiments within the electorate have tended to eclipse an important question about the main producers of nationalist rhetoric: Why do certain mainstream parties at certain points in time decide to frame their program as nationalist, even when there is no objective reality that seems conducive to the creation of great public concern about typically nationalist issues? This article explores this question by looking at various campaigns for Polish parliamentary elections since 1997. My argument is that when seeking to explain the motivations behind major campaign turns toward nationalism we should not merely understand them as responses to voter sentiment and voting behavior. Instead, we should see them as crucially driven by the transactional logic of inter-party competition in a party system that is in constant flux.