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1
Jelínek, Vít. "Kalibrace skleněných měřítek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232162.
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This thesis deals with a more work-efficient and time-efficient method of calibration of standard glass scales, with practical use in the Czech Metrology Institute Regional Inspectorate in Brno. The desired streamlining of calibration were achieved in the use of a 3D coordinate measuring machine Micro-Vu Excel 4520. In the service software InSpec, six measuring programs were designed in the use of a standard glass scale brand SIP. The measurement uncertainties of this calibration were presented and calculated. This thesis draws up a draft proposal of the calibration procedure and drafts a formalized document of the calibration.
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Moore, Leon, Gary Thacker, Theo Watson, Peter Ellsworth, and Jack Combs. "Community-wide Insect Management Program in Pima County, 1991." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208625.
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The Marana-Avra Growers' Task Force and Arizona Cooperative Extension worked together to implement a comprehensive, community-wide insect management program. Growers worked in unison to implement a number of Integrated Pest Management techniques; including uniform optimal planting dates, trap cropping, pinhead square spray applications, in-season insect management, and late season management. This strategy focused on the area's primary pest, the pink bollworm (PBW). This program delayed the need to treat for PBW until late August and minimized secondary pest problems. However, research results on the effectiveness of trap crops were inconclusive.
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Frederick, Eva Charles Anna. "Plague of absence : insect declines and the fate of ecosystems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123783.
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Thesis: S.M. in Science Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies/Writing, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26).
In November of 2017, a group of researchers published a paper showing that since the 1980s, insect populations in protected areas in Germany have decreased by over 75 percent. The decline, dubbed by one reporter the "insect armageddon," was widespread, affecting sites on nature reserves across the country. It was also indiscriminate, affecting not just certain species, but overall biomass. In the following years, similar studies from Greenland, Puerto Rico, and locations in North America have also shown declines in number of insect species, abundance, and habitat. These declines have serious implications for ecosystems and for humans, some of which we can already see in effect, and some that scientists can't even predict to their full extent. This thesis will profile a research team in Costa Rica who are using caterpillar-parasitoid interactions to make estimates about insect population health, and explore the reasons for and extent of insect declines and their consequences for humans.
by Eva Charles Anna Frederick.
S.M. in Science Writing
S.M.inScienceWriting Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies/Writing
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Scholtz, Anna J. "Evaluation of the large-scale trapping of blowflies (Lucilia spp.) for an integrated pest management program : the lucitrap." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/126.
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The results presented in this dissertation have been partially presented at scientific meetings. Chapter 2 is an exact copy of the technical contents of a paper submitted to a scientific journal. The format of this paper however has been changed to comply with the format used in this dissertation. The results of this paper were partially presented at the 36th National Congress of the South African Society of Animal Science, 5 – 8 April 1998 held in Stellenbosch. In this chapter errors occurred in the execution of the trial, but these were corrected in the follow-up trial after consulting with the manufacturers. It is discussed in the paper. Results of chapter 3 were partially presented at the 5th International Sheep Veterinary Congress 21 – 25 January 2001 held in Stellenbosch and at an International Congress (The FLICS (Flystrike & Lice IPM Control Strategies) Conference, 25 – 27 June 2001, Launceston) in Tasmania by Mr. S.W.P. Cloete in 2001. The updated results are given in this chapter. The results of chapter 4 were presented at a combined congress between the Grasslands and the Animal Production Societies of South Africa (The GSSA/SASAS Joint Congress 2002. 13 – 16 May) in Christiana in 2002. The results in this chapter represent the same experimental period as was reported upon at that congress, but additional statistical analyses were executed on the same data set. Copies of the abstracts of the contributions to these meetings are attached in chapter 6. The major objective of this study initially was to evaluate the Lucitrap® system under South African conditions. During the experimental period I had an opportunity to visit Australia and meet many role players. It came under my attention that the control of the blowfly is a rather complex problem with many facets. A current issue worldwide on the use of chemicals as a control method against insects and its hazardous influence on the environment is forcing producers to minimize chemical residues in textiles and other agricultural products. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach seems to be the only option. This study has been executed to try and understand some aspects of the blowfly problem for future application in such a blowfly control program.
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Dennehy, T. J., A. Simmons, J. Russell, and D. Akey. "Establishment of a Whitefly Resistance Documentation and Management Program in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210322.
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Adult whiteflies were collected from six regions of Arizona and evaluated for susceptibility to fenpropathrin (Danitol®), acephate (Orthene®) and endosulfan (Thiodan®), and mixtures of fenpropathrin+acephate curl fenpropathrin+endosulfan. Strong indications of resistance to fenpropathrin, acephate and the fenpropathrin +acephate mixture were documented in some areas of the state. With all populations evaluated endosulfan was consistently the most toxic of the insecticides evaluated (singly) and was highly toxic in mixtures with fenpropathrin. Whitefly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and especially mixtures of pyrethroid+organophosphate insecticides could have serious ramifications for the prevention of sticky cotton in Arizona. To combat further development of pyrethroid resistance cotton growers will need to reduce the number of pyrethroid treatments made per season.
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Beal, Benjamin D., and Benjamin D. Beal. "Using Insects for STEM Outreach: Development and Evaluation of the UA Insect Discovery Program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622902.
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Science and technology impact most aspects of modern daily life. It is therefore important to create a scientifically literate society. Since the majority of Americans do not take college-level science courses, strong K-12 science education is essential. At the K-5 level, however, many teachers lack the time, resources and background for effective science teaching. Elementary teachers and students may benefit from scientist-led outreach programs created by Cooperative Extension or other institutions. One example is the University of Arizona Insect Discovery Program, which provides short-duration programing that uses insects to support science content learning, teach critical thinking and spark interest in science. We conducted evaluations of the Insect Discovery programming to determine whether the activities offered were accomplishing program goals. Pre-post tests, post program questionnaires for teachers, and novel assessments of children’s drawings were used as assessment tools. Assessments were complicated by the short duration of the program interactions with the children as well as their limited literacy. In spite of these difficulties, results of the pre-post tests indicated a significant impact on content knowledge and critical thinking skills. Based on post-program teacher questionnaires, positive impacts on interest in science learning were noted as much as a month after the children participated in the program. New programming and resources developed to widen the potential for impact are also described.
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Thacker, Gary W., Leon Moore, and Peter C. Ellsworth. "Trap Crops as a Component of a Community-Wide Pink Bollworm Control Program." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209539.
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Trap crops were employed against the pink bollworm (PBW) as a part of a community-wide IPM program in Pima County, AZ. Levels of PBW larvae in the early squares of the trap crops were extraordinarily high, indicating that the trap crops were drawing overwintered PBW moths in from wide areas. This concentrated the overwintered moths in small areas where they could be easily and economically destroyed.
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Thacker, Gary W., Peter C. Ellsworth, Leon Moore, and Jack Combs. "Cotton Producers Working in Unison: The Multi-Component IPM Program in Marana, AZ." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209636.
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Cotton growers in Pima County, Arizona are working together to implement a community-wide Integrated Pest Management program. Participation is voluntary; and is unanimous in at least some components of the program. The IPM program employs many control components aimed at the pink bollworm, the principle cotton insect pest in the area. Growers time the deployment of the control components to act in unison throughout the community. Insecticide applications in the area have trended downward since the program began in 1991, indicating that we are making progress toward our goal of reducing the reliance on pesticides.
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Moore, Leon, and Theo F. Watson. "Trap Crop Effectiveness in Community Boll Weevil Control Programs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208357.
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Trap crops, along with delayed uniform planting and pinhead square treatments, greatly reduced spring populations of overwintered boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in a Laveen. Arizona community -wide 1PM program in 1987. Thirty four trap crops. planted fifteen days ahead of the regular crop. had as many as 39536 damaged plants/ha before insecticide treatments were initiated. Five insecticide applications at 3 day intervals beginning at square initiation were used to destroy weevils before the trap crops were plowed under at the time pinhead square treatments were initiated in regular planted fields. Damaged square infestations were 2 to II times lower throughout the season in 1987 compared to 1986 while average lint yields per ha increased from a low of 941 kg in 1985 to 1345 kg in 1986 and 1506 kg in 1987.
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Whitman, Celia Stuart. "Creating a model curriculum for a certification program to train people to work in the field of exhibiting living arthropods." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=51.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2004.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 26, 2005). Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Martin Frick. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42).
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Hutchinson, William D. "Rationale for Sampling Pink Bollworm Eggs in Cotton Management Programs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219777.
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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.Management decisions for pink bollworm (PBW) control, based on larval infestation levels, are hindered by an inherent time lag between the period of increasing adult populations (primary target stage) and when treatments are actually applied (typically 6 to 10 days). It is suggested that this time lag is too long in many cases for optimal control; i.e., larval infestations may become well established between applications. An alternative approach based on monitoring PBW eggs laid on bolls is presented.
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Sims, Maria A., Timothy J. Dennehy, Amanda Patin, Yves Carrière, Yong-Biao Liu, Bruce Tabashnik, Larry Antilla, and Mike Whitlow. "Arizona's Multi-agency Resistance Management Program for Bt Cotton: Sustaining the Susceptibility of Pink Bollworm." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211325.
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Bt cotton has been used in Arizona since 1996 with exceptionally positive results in terms of economic returns to growers and reductions in insecticide use in cotton. Yet, the isolation of pink bollworm highly resistant to Bt cotton from collections made in Arizona in 1997 demonstrated the seriousness of the threat that resistance poses to transgenic Bt technology. For this reason unparalleled measures have been taken to detect and manage resistance of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in Arizona. This paper presents results of statewide monitoring of pink bollworm susceptibility to the Bt toxin, Cry1Ac, conducted from 1997 to 1999. Mean susceptibility of Arizona pink bollworm to Cry1Ac increased from 1997 to 1999. Mean corrected mortality in 1μg/ml Cry1Ac assays was 52.3% in 1997, 90.6% in 1998, and 97.9% in 1999. Mean corrected mortality in bioassays of 10 μg/ml was 94.5% in 1997, 99.8% in 1998, and 100% in 1999. Selection with Cry1Ac in the laboratory has produced from 1997 field collections a strain possessing 200 to 900-fold resistance to Cry1Ac. This resistant strain is capable of surviving on Bt cotton. We provide an overview of other components of the multi-agency collaboration to sustain efficacy of Bt cotton in Arizona. These include: 1) evaluation of the field performance of Bt cotton; 2) mapping and analysis of use of Bt and non-Bt cotton and compliance with refuge requirements; 3) effectiveness of internal versus external refuges and movement of pink bollworm moths from refuges; and 4) activities of the Arizona Bt Cotton Working Group to formulate and implement effective resistance management strategies.
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Thacker, Gary W., Leon Moore, Peter C. Ellsworth, and Jack Combs. "Evaluation of Trap Crops as a Component of a Community-Wide Pink Bollworm Control Program." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209637.
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Trap crops were evaluated as a part of a community -wide pink bollworm (PBW) control program. We measured extraordinarily high numbers of PBW larvae in the trap crops in 1992, which indicated that the trap crops were attracting PBW moths from wide areas. However, we have no direct way of measuring any effect this would have on the main crop. Overall PBW populations were very low in 1993. While PBW numbers drastically declined in the community, this study offers no conclusive evidence as to whether trap crops are an effective component of a community-wide IPM program.
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Garcia, Adriano Gomes. "Computational modeling to describe the dynamics of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt crop areas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20032018-135036/.
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Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main insect pests of the New World, and causes extensive damage to economically important crops such as cotton and corn. One of the most common control strategies is the use of Bt plants; however, their intense and indiscriminate use has led to the evolution of resistance in some populations. The establishment of a refuge can be a viable option to delay this process. Refuges consist of areas where non-Bt crops are planted, in order to provide susceptible insects to the population. In this study, I initially developed a model to describe the evolution of resistance of fall armyworm populations in different refuge configurations (seed mixture, blocks, and strips) and sizes (20% - 50%), considering the larval movement. I demonstrated that with a seed mixture, in most cases, the higher the rate of larval movement, the higher the proportion of resistant insects in the population, regardless of the type of resistance tested; meanwhile, strip configurations showed the opposite trend. In the second part of this study, I obtained data to validate the proposed model. The development of the fall armyworm on corn leaves was determined at five constant temperatures ranging from 14°C to 30°C. These data were also used to estimate the number of generations of fall armyworms at 42 locations in the state of Florida, from 2006 to 2016, which were interpolated and represented on maps, using GIS (Geographic Information System). I observed that counties farther south had the highest numbers of generations, and that fall armyworms should be able to overwinter as far north as ~29°N. Using the data obtained in the experiment, a new model was proposed, covering a wider range of conditions and allowing the user to define the crop area, the thermal requirements of the population studied, the viability and oviposition functions, the migration rate, the rate of larval movement and the frequency of alleles for resistance. The model was verified with monitoring data collected in a crop area in Florida from 2012 - 2015, only 70 km from the area that provided the population for the experiment. I also used the model to estimate the number of adults for 2016 and for two hypothetical situations that considered possible scenarios involving global warming (mean temperatures in 2016 + 1°C and + 2°C). The model succeeded in fitting the monitoring data, and indicated that the simulated increases in mean temperature could produce outbreaks nearly twice as large as the levels of fall armyworm estimated for 2016. The model can be used to estimate the population dynamics of S. frugiperda in a particular area, according to the crop composition and disposal, to investigate the effects of temperature changes on the levels of fall armyworm populations, to define appropriate refuge areas in order to manage the evolution of insect resistance, and to define the best periods for plantation and harvesting during the year to reduce pest populations, among others.Spodoptera frugiperda é um dos principais insetos-praga do hemisfério ocidental, causando diversos danos a cultivos de interesse econômico, como milho e algodão. Uma das estratégias mais comuns de controle é o uso de plantas Bt, contudo sua aplicação intensa e indiscriminada levou à evolução de resistência em algumas populações. O estabelecimento de refúgio pode representar uma opção viável para atrasar esse processo. Refúgios são áreas nas quais cultivos não-Bt são plantados de forma a fornecerem insetos suscetíveis para a população. Neste estudo, eu desenvolvi inicialmente um modelo para descrever a evolução de resistência de populações de S. frugiperda em diferentes configurações de refúgio (mistura de sementes, blocos e faixas) e tamanhos (20 - 50%), considerando o movimento larval. Eu demonstrei que para a mistura de sementes, na maioria dos casos, maiores taxas de movimentação larval implicavam em maiores proporções de insetos resistentes na população, independente do tipo de resistência testada, enquanto áreas com configurações em faixas apresentaram tendência oposta. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, eu obtive dados para validar o modelo proposto. O desenvolvimento de S. frugiperda em folhas de milho foram determinadas em 5 temperaturas constantes variando de 14°C a 30°C. Estes dados também foram utilizados para estimar o número de gerações do inseto em 42 localizações no estado da Flórida de 2006 a 2016, que foram interpolados e representados em mapas, utilizando SIG (Sistema de Informações Geográficas). Eu observei que condados mais ao sul apresentaram maior número de gerações e que S. frugiperda é capaz de passar o inverno abaixo de latitudes ~29°N. Utilizando os dados obtidos no experimento, um novo modelo foi proposto, considerando um intervalo maior de condições e permitindo ao usuário definir a área de cultivo, as exigências térmicas da população estudada, as funções de oviposição e viabilidade, a taxa de migração, a taxa de movimentação larval e a frequência do alelo de resistência. O modelo foi verificado com dados de monitoramento de 2012 a 2015, coletados em uma área de cultivo localizada na Flórida, distante apenas 70 km da área que forneceu a população para o experimento laboratorial. Eu também utilizei o modelo para estimar o número de adultos para 2016 e para duas situações hipotéticas que consideraram possíveis cenários envolvendo o aquecimento global (médias de temperaturas de 2016 + 1°C e + 2°C). O modelo se ajustou aos dados de monitoramento com sucesso e indicou que os aumentos simulados na temperatura média poderiam produzir surtos quase duas vezes maiores que os níveis de S. frugiperda estimados para 2016. O modelo pode ser usado para estimar a dinâmica populacional de S. frugiperda em uma determinada área de acordo com a composição e disposição dos cultivos, investigar os efeitos das mudanças de temperatura nos níveis populacionais, definir áreas de refúgio apropriadas para o manejo da evolução de resistência, definir os melhores períodos para plantação e colheita durante o ano de forma a reduzir a população da praga, entre outros.
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Rosa, Ur?nia de Souza Santa. "Para al?m de um biscate: perfis, trajet?rias e inser??o socioprofissional de jovens monitores do Programa Mais Educa??o de uma escola municipal de Feira de Santana-BA." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/83.
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The present study sought to understand and discuss on the condition of young monitors in a municipal school on the outskirts of Feira de Santana-BA, inserted into Federal Program called More Education Program (PME). It became normative by the Interministerial Ordinance no 172007 and by Decree 27012010, 7,083 by Ministry of Education. Its implementation is understood as a strategy for the induction of the national policy of integral education and aims at contributing to the improvement of learning through the expansion of on-call time of children, adolescents and young people enrolled in public schools. The process of operationalization of the PME can be done by the broad subject of selection of knowledge and its pedagogical activities are developed by monitors "volunteers", remunerated who can be popular educators, cultural agents and students with specific training and skills recognised by the community. The general objective of this investigation was to know the socioeconomic profile, the trajectories of schooling and occupation of young people, their daily battles for personal and financial autonomy and their juvenile projects (schooling, occupation and life) in order to understand to what extent the participation of those in a specific context of program has been constituted as a socio-professional insertion, was the overall objective of the present study.It was taken as reference to the specificities of the various youthfulness that exist and for further discussion regarding the notion of youthfulness and its interfaces with the processes of schooling, work and socioprofessional insertion, it was sought guidance from scholars and researchers of these theoretical fields, such as: Abramo (1994, 1997); Abramovay (2004); Carrano (2005); Castro (2006); Corrochano (2005, 2008); Dayrell (2005, 2007, 2012); Frigotto (2004); Le?o (2001, 2004, 2006); Novaes (2003, 2006); Pais (1990, 1996, 2001, 2005); Pochmann (1998, 2002, 2004); Sposito (1997, 2000, 2003, 2005). A qualitative research was done with nine young people from 19 to 28 years old, of both sexes, and as methodological procedures were used socioeconomic profile questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and notes prepared by the subjects of research on youth projects. The analysis of the data indicated that in a context of structural fragility of PME, with compensatory and assistance trend, act monitors educators, blacks and browns young, from public school, who in their majority attended or still attend at the higher education including in private institutions come from families of popular classes, therefore, need to work and have an individual income to be able to carry on their studies, maintain themselves and usufruct goods for general consumption and enjoy leisure and the insertion in the PME represents a way of obtaining incomes so they will be able to live with some dignity, a youthful condition. On this basis, it is considered a "pseudoinser??o" socioprofessional of such young and the pressing necessity for effective youthfulness public policies, better educational opportunities and professionals. The evidences lead to the conclusion that the contemporaneous project of full-time school, represented by PME, for the Brazilian working class needs to be (re) thought and best structured in their times, spaces and in the valorization and teacher professionalization.
O presente estudo buscou compreender e problematizar a condi??o juvenil de jovens monitores em uma escola municipal da periferia de Feira de Santana- BA, inseridos no programa federal denominado Programa Mais Educa??o (PME), normatizado pela Portaria Interministerial n? 17/2007 e pelo Decreto 7.083, de 27/01/2010 do Minist?rio da Educa??o. Sua implanta??o ? compreendida como uma estrat?gia para a indu??o da pol?tica nacional de educa??o integral e tem por finalidade contribuir para a melhoria da aprendizagem por meio da amplia??o do tempo de perman?ncia de crian?as, adolescentes e jovens matriculados em escolas p?blicas. O processo de operacionaliza??o do PME na escola se faz pela sele??o de macrocampos do saber e suas atividades pedag?gicas s?o desenvolvidas por monitores ?volunt?rios?, remunerados, que podem ser educadores populares, agentes culturais e estudantes com forma??o espec?fica e com habilidades reconhecidas pela comunidade. O objetivo geral da investiga??o foi conhecer o perfil socioecon?mico, as trajet?rias de escolariza??o e ocupa??o de jovens, suas batalhas cotidianas pela autonomia financeira e pessoal e os seus projetos juvenis (de escolariza??o, de profiss?o e de vida) para compreender em que medida a participa??o destes em um contexto espec?fico do programa tem se constitu?do como uma inser??o socioprofissional. Tomou-se como refer?ncias as especificidades das diversas juventudes existentes e para uma discuss?o mais aprofundada a respeito da no??o de juventude e suas interfaces com os processos de escolariza??o, trabalho e inser??o socioprofissional, buscou-se orienta??o de estudiosos e pesquisadores destes campos te?ricos, tais como: Abramo (1994, 1997); Abramovay (2004); Carrano (2005); Castro (2006); Corrochano (2005, 2008); Dayrell (2005, 2007, 2012); Frigotto (2004); Le?o (2001, 2004, 2006); Novaes (2003, 2006); Pais (1990, 1996, 2001, 2005); Pochmann (1998, 2002, 2004); Sposito (1997, 2000, 2003, 2005). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa junto a nove jovens de 19 a 28 anos, de ambos os sexos, e, como procedimentos metodol?gicos foram utilizados question?rio de perfil socioecon?mico, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e notas elaboradas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa sobre projetos juvenis. A an?lise dos dados indicou que num contexto de fragilidades estruturais do PME, com tend?ncia compensat?ria e assistencialista, atuam monitores/educadores, jovens negros e pardos, egressos da escola p?blica, em sua maioria cursou/cursa o ensino superior inclusive em institui??es privadas, oriundos de fam?lias de classes populares, e que, portanto, precisam trabalhar e ter um rendimento individual para poder levar adiante os seus estudos, se manter e usufruir bens de consumo e lazer e, nesse sentido, a inser??o no PME representa uma forma de obten??o de renda para poderem vivenciar com certa dignidade, a condi??o juvenil. Com base nisto, considera-se uma ?pseudoinser??o? socioprofissional de tais jovens e a necessidade premente de efetivas pol?ticas p?blicas juvenis, melhores oportunidades educativas e profissionais. As evid?ncias permitem concluir, ainda, que o projeto contempor?neo de escola de tempo integral, representado pelo PME, para a classe trabalhadora brasileira, precisa ser (re) pensado e melhor estruturado em seus tempos, espa?os e na valoriza??o e profissionaliza??o docente.
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Knowles, Katherine L. Jr. "Impact of Low-Spray Mating Disruption Programs on Aphidophagous Insect Populations in Virginia Apple Orchards." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31098.
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The populations of aphidophagous insects in low-spray and conventional programs were surveyed in Virginia apple orchards. Two sampling methods were utilized;aphid colony collection and beating tray collection. The low-spray blocks employed the use of mating disruption for control of the key direct pests, codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), and leafrollers. The abundance and diversity of aphid predators in low-spray mating disruption programs and conventionally controlled apple orchards was compared. Both sampling methods suggested that aphid predators were more plentiful in the mating disruption blocks. Several mating disruption blocks were found to accumulate significantly more predator-days and diversity than the matched control blocks. The reduction of insecticide input into the low-spray blocks may have allowed higher populations of aphidophagous insects to occur. Aphid populations in mating disruption blocks sometimes declined faster and had less resurgence than those in the conventionally controlled blocks.
The tufted apple bud moth (TABM), Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), populations in four apple orchards in Winchester, Virginia, were compared for resistance to azinphosmethyl. These orchards were suspected by the growers to have resistant populations of TABM. Pheromone traps with insecticide incorporated into the adhesive were used to collect and test the moths. The results were not analyzed due to the low number of moths collected and high variability in mortality.Master of Science
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Ellsworth, Peter C., and Donna L. Meade. "Validity of the Pinhead Square Treatment Program for Pink Bollworm Suppression and Impact of Several Insecticides on Arthropod Fauna in Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209638.
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A limited chemical control tactic known as pinhead square treatment has gained recent Favor as a component of pink bollworm population management. The strategy has economic and ecologic goals of using reduced insecticides early in the season (to include lower rates, half the acreage, and less potent chemistry) in order to reduce later season risk of pink bollworm infestations. This strategy also depends in part on the cultural tactic which results in "suicidal emergence" of overwintering pink bollworms through optimal planting date management. The combination of these tactics has been used in the past to overcome boll weevil populations area-wide. This study is focused on the evaluation of this system as a basis for pink bollworm suppression. Though only preliminary is presented here, it is clear that there are numerous insects impacted by this practice which interact in complex ways to influence pest populations of all kinds. Furthermore, the fate of such a practice in any production system is also influenced by the specific chemical agent used. This experiment details the use of four different classes of insecticide chemistry as well as one bioinsecticide. The experiment has been duplicated in 1993; however, only 1992 data are shown here.
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Chibaya, Colin. "An investigation into XSets of primitive behaviours for emergent behaviour in stigmergic and message passing antlike agents." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012965.
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Ants are fascinating creatures - not so much because they are intelligent on their own, but because as a group they display compelling emergent behaviour (the extent to which one observes features in a swarm which cannot be traced back to the actions of swarm members). What does each swarm member do which allows deliberate engineering of emergent behaviour? We investigate the development of a language for programming swarms of ant agents towards desired emergent behaviour. Five aspects of stigmergic (pheromone sensitive computational devices in which a non-symbolic form of communication that is indirectly mediated via the environment arises) and message passing ant agents (computational devices which rely on implicit communication spaces in which direction vectors are shared one-on-one) are studied. First, we investigate the primitive behaviours which characterize ant agents' discrete actions at individual levels. Ten such primitive behaviours are identified as candidate building blocks of the ant agent language sought. We then study mechanisms in which primitive behaviours are put together into XSets (collection of primitive behaviours, parameter values, and meta information which spells out how and when primitive behaviours are used). Various permutations of XSets are possible which define the search space for best performer XSets for particular tasks. Genetic programming principles are proposed as a search strategy for best performer XSets that would allow particular emergent behaviour to occur. XSets in the search space are evolved over various genetic generations and tested for abilities to allow path finding (as proof of concept). XSets are ranked according to the indices of merit (fitness measures which indicate how well XSets allow particular emergent behaviour to occur) they achieve. Best performer XSets for the path finding task are identifed and reported. We validate the results yield when best performer XSets are used with regard to normality, correlation, similarities in variation, and similarities between mean performances over time. Commonly, the simulation results yield pass most statistical tests. The last aspect we study is the application of best performer XSets to different problem tasks. Five experiments are administered in this regard. The first experiment assesses XSets' abilities to allow multiple targets location (ant agents' abilities to locate continuous regions of targets), and found out that best performer XSets are problem independent. However both categories of XSets are sensitive to changes in agent density. We test the influences of individual primitive behaviours and the effects of the sequences of primitive behaviours to the indices of merit of XSets and found out that most primitive behaviours are indispensable, especially when specific sequences are prescribed. The effects of pheromone dissipation to the indices of merit of stigmergic XSets are also scrutinized. Precisely, dissipation is not causal. Rather, it enhances convergence. Overall, this work successfully identify the discrete primitive behaviours of stigmergic and message passing ant-like devices. It successfully put these primitive behaviours together into XSets which characterize a language for programming ant-like devices towards desired emergent behaviour. This XSets approach is a new ant language representation with which a wider domain of emergent tasks can be resolved.
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Bell, David Ian. "An investigation into the influence of an inset programme on teacher cognitions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003490.
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This study was based upon a concern about the quality of education in South Africa and a concern about the quality of NGO and other INSET interventions. Many organisations purport to address the issues of education, most of them doing so from the very comfortable position of the moral high ground (the position adopted where the political - correctness of the intervention outweighs the quality and impact) rather than from the position of having the capacity to deliver a quality service (a position from which they can effect genuine educational transformation toward quality education for all). With the rapid social, political and educational changes taking place at present, it is necessary for most organisations to assess their positions in respect of their ability to effect quality changes within the broad educational terrain. This study is an attempt to investigate the influence of one particular programme, that of the Centre for Cognitive Development, as it effects changes in teacher cognitions. It is argued that teachers are the catalysts for and agents of educational and social change and that these changes require the thinking and beliefs of individual teachers which inform their practices and behaviours, both personally and as professionals, to be addressed. These beliefs need to be critically reflected upon by the teachers themselves and through this process of reflection, teachers need to be empowered to take responsibility for the quality of teaching and learning. This concern was addressed by selecting a sample of teachers from within one such INSET intervention and through the use of a questionnaire, investigating whether teachers cognitions had changed, as a result of the INSET programme. It was hypothesised that changes in teacher cognitions would occur as a result of the INSET programme and that these cognitive or gestalt shifts could be categorised as Attributional shifts, Efficacy shifts, shifts in teachers perceived Locus of Control (Control Beliefs) and changes in general Pedagogic Beliefs. The statistical analysis of the data indicated varying degrees and trends of significant change. However, the complexity of the social context of teaching and the impact of this on teacher beliefs and cognitions, especially those of teachers who have been most affected (disempowered) by social and personal oppression, cannot be under-estimated and even minor shifts reflected in this investigation should be seen as positive changes none-the-less.
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Dharsey, Zorina. "Implementing a resource based inset programme : a case study of natural science teachers /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/418.
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McLachlan, Benita. "Evaluation of an inset programme for learning support assistants in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49956.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In England, education settings have embraced the philosophy that it is the human right of pupils to be taught in inclusive schools with their peers. Part of the school's readiness and willingness to accept all pupils requires that it adopt a whole-school philosophy, which includes support staff provision, for example in the form of teaching assistants. Taking the above into account, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of participation in the NCFE Level 2 programme for teaching assistants on the professional development of teaching assistants working as support staff in inclusive classrooms. The research design is evaluative in nature and both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection are used. The in-service programme was delivered during weekly three hour sessions over a period of thirty weeks. The programme consisted of five units: • Developing professional skills and knowledge • Understanding legal and national requirements • Supporting the teacher in relation to pupils' learning • Exploring the management of pupils' behaviour • Supporting pupils with special educational needs. Analysis of qualitative data such as observations and interviews indicates that participants benefited from programme participation and that, by the completion of the prgramme, there was a marked increase in confidence, knowledge and application of newly acquired skills. Analysis of quantitative data such as the pre and post self-assessment questionnaires indicate a significant difference between the pre and post scores on all the sections confirming improvement of participants' levels of confidence, knowledge and application of practical skills. It seems that programme participants benefitted significantly from participating in this in-service training programme.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Opvoedkundige instellings is Engeland ondersteun die filosofie dat dit die mensereg van leerders is om binne inklusiewe skole, saam met hulle portuurgroep, onderrig te ontvang. As deel van skole se gereedheid en bereidheid om alle leerders te aanvaar, is die implementering van 'n geheelskool filosofie wat onder andere ondersteunings personeel byvoorbeeld leerondersteunings assistente insluit. In aansluiting by bogenoemde was dit die doel met hierdie studie om die effek van programdeelname aan die 'NCFE Level 2 Certificate for Teaching Assistants' te evaluaeer ten opsigte van die professionele ontwikkeling van leerondersteunings assistente in inklusiewe skole. Die navorsingsontwerp was evaluerend van aard en het beide kwantitatiewe sowel as kwalitatiewe metodes van data insameling ingesluit. Die indiensopleidingsprogram is weekliks aangebied in drie-uur sessies oor 'n tydperk van dertig weke. Die program het die volgende vyf eenhede ingesluit: • ontwikkeling van professionele vaardigheidskennis; • begrip van nasionale beleidstukke en regsaspekte; • ondersteuning van onderwysers met verwysing na leer; • verkenning van die gedragshantering van leerlinge • ondersteuning van leerders met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes. Kwalitatiewe data analise dui daarop dat programdeelname bygedra het tot 'n verhoging in die vlak van selfvertroue, 'n verbetering in die toepassing van nuutaangeleerde vaardighede en 'n vermeerdering van kennis vir leerondersteunings assistente. 'n Kwantitatiewe analise van voor en na programdeelname vraelyste, dui op 'n beduidende verskil tussen die twee evaluerings metings en ondersteun bogenoemde aanname ten opsigte van 'n verhoogde vlak van selfvertroue, 'n verbetering in die toepassing van nuutaangleerde vaardighede en 'n toename in kennis vir leerondersteunings assistente. Uit bogenoemde kan dit afgelei word, dat leerondersteunings assistente beduidend baat gevind het by deelname aan hierdie spesifieke indiensopleidings program.
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Wagenaar, Gideon Daniel. "Dispersal of sterile false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), for a sterile insect technique programme on citrus." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4977.
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The false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of citrus in South Africa and challenging to manage due to its inconspicuous nature. An effective method currently being employed for the area-wide suppression of the FCM is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and the effective dispersal of sterile moths is very important for success with SIT. This study was conducted in the Addo area of the Sundays River Valley (Eastern Cape) where the programme is commercially used. In this study, sterile male moths were released in different orchards on a citrus farm, and in nearby veld at different times of the year, and their dispersal was monitored through the use of pheromone traps. Various climatic factors were monitored. This provided insight into the local dispersal of sterile male FCM adults in response to abiotic cues (particularly climatic factors). The movement of the FCM in four citrus cultivars, namely lemons, navel and Valencia oranges and mandarins and in the nearby veld (open field), was determined at six different stages of the year. Results clearly indicated that sterile FCM movement is concentrated within citrus orchards, as very few moths were trapped beyond 30 m from the release point, particularly in navel and Valencia orchards. Of the climatic factors measured, minimum and maximum temperatures had the most significant influence on FCM dispersal, and based on the results, various recommendations are made for the releases of sterile FCM in an area-wide SIT management programmes on citrus. A better understanding of the dispersal capabilities of the FCM in an agricultural system, under different conditions and at different times of the year, is invaluable not only in improving release strategies in an SIT programme but in planning future control strategies against the FCM.
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Mascarenhas, Luciana Brand?o Oliveira. "Significados da experi?ncia de re-inser??o escolar: o Programa Projovem Urbano na perspectiva de seus protagonistas." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/164.
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This study investigated how young adults who experienced an irregular school trajectory, markedly of exclusion, make sense to the experience of school reinsertion in Projovem Urban Program in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia. The study was conducted in one of the program's core located in Campo Limpo neighborhood. It sought to understand the uneven school trajectories and their meanings on the experience of schooling and it analyzed how processes of meaning engendered in the context of program can represent changes in the future projection. The study focuses on the perspective of the young as persons in development, which produces meanings in the construction of social relationships. It sought theoretical and methodological support in anepistemology of complexity approach, in an interdisciplinary way, located in the dialogue between the psychological perspective of Rede de Significa??es (RedeSig) and the Sociology of school experience. We use different strategies for the production of data: direct observation of context, with records in field diaries, informal conversations, focus group and narrative interviews, seeking to gather together different stories that intersect, making meaning networks. The results show that the forms of subjectivity that are built up over an irregular schooling produces an impact on the developmental trajectory of students when limit the possibilities for social inclusion. The ?labyrinthic educational path is immersed in a network of meanings and sense that happen in multiple interactive fields in which they carry out the mediation of the school experience. Some networks may present more fragile than others and the school can promote or hinder the articulation of a "self-design?. Thus, the phenomenon of irregular trajectories experienced by many young Brazilians is associated with a broader social problem, because the ways of subjectivity articulate social positions, circumscribing different places in the social dynamics.
O presente trabalho investigou como adultos jovens que vivenciaram uma trajet?ria escolar irrregular, marcadamente de exclus?o, significam a experi?ncia de re-inser??o escolar no Programa Projovem Urbano, na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia. O trabalho foi realizado em um dos n?cleos do Programa situado no bairro Campo Limpo. A pesquisa buscou compreender as trajet?rias escolares irregulares e os significados dessas trajet?rias sobre a experi?ncia de escolariza??o desses jovens adultos. Analisou tamb?m como os processos de significa??o engedrados no contexto do programa configuram mudan?as na proje??o do futuro. O estudo focalizou a perspectiva do jovem enquanto ser em desenvolvimento, que produz significa??es na trama das rela??es sociais. Para a constru??o do aporte te?rico-metodol?gico o trabalho investigativo assentou-se em uma abordagem epistemol?gica de complexidade, de modo interdisciplinar, situada na interlocu??o entre a perspectiva psicol?gica da Rede de Significa??es (RedeSig) e a Sociologia da experi?ncia escolar. Utilizamos diferentes estrat?gias para a produ??o dos dados: observa??o direta do contexto, com registros em di?rios de campo, question?rio, conversas informais, grupo focal e entrevistas narrativas, buscando reunir em conjunto diferentes narrativas que se cruzam, compondo redes de significa??o. Os resultados apontaram que os modos de subjetiva??o que v?o se construindo ao longo de um percurso escolar irregular produzem um impacto na trajet?ria desenvolvimental dos alunos, quando limita possibilidades de inser??o social. A trajet?ria escolar ?labir?ntica? est? imersa em uma rede de significados e sentidos que se efetiva nos m?ltiplos campos interativos nos quais se realizam as media??es da experi?ncia escolar. Algumas redes podem se apresentar mais fragilizadas que outras e a escola pode favorecer ou dificultar a articula??o de um ?projeto de si? no contexto dessa rede. Desse modo, o fen?meno das trajet?rias irregulares, experimentado por tantos jovens brasileiros, est? associado a uma problem?tica social mais ampla, pois os modos de subjetiva??o, articulam posicionamentos sociais, circunscrevendo diferentes lugares na din?mica social.
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Antunes, Viviane Andr? "Uma abordagem comportamental para inser??o de rob?s em ambientes culturais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15275.
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Previous issue date: 2004-12-22In this work, we propose methodologies and computer tools to insert robots in cultural environments. The basic idea is to have a robot in a real context (a cultural space) that can represent an user connected to the system through Internet (visitor avatar in the real space) and that the robot also have its representation in a Mixed Reality space (robot avatar in the virtual space). In this way, robot and avatar are not simply real and virtual objects. They play a more important role in the scenery, interfering in the process and taking decisions. In order to have this service running, we developed a module composed by a robot, communication tools and ways to provide integration of these with the virtual environment. As welI we implemented a set of behaviors with the purpose of controlling the robot in the real space. We studied available software and hardware tools for the robotics platform used in the experiments, as welI we developed test routines to determine their potentialities. Finally, we studied the behavior-based control model, we planned and implemented alI the necessary behaviors for the robot integration to the real and virtual cultural spaces. Several experiments were conducted, in order to validate the developed methodologies and tools
Neste trabalho, propomos metodologias e ferramentas computacionais visando inserir rob?s em ambientes culturais. O objetivo ? que um rob? localizado em um contexto real (espa?o cultural) possa representar tanto um usu?rio conectado ao sistema via Internet (avatar real para o visitante virtual), como tamb?m ter seu avatar em um ambiente de Realidade Mista (avatar para o rob? no ambiente virtual). Nesse sentido, o rob? e seu avatar deixam de ser meros objetos, real e virtual, e passam a ter uma fun??o mais importante no cen?rio, podendo interferir no processo e tomar decis?es. Para que esse servi?o possa ser disponibilizado, desenvolvemos um m?dulo composto por um rob?, ferramentas de comunica??o e provemos maneiras de realizar a integra??o entre este e o ambiente virtual, bem como implementamos um conjunto de comportamentos com a finalidade de controle do prot?tipo no seu ambiente real. Estudamos ferramentas de software e Hardware dispon?veis para a plataforma rob?tica usada nos experimentos, bem como desenvolvemos rotinas de testes para determinar suas potencialidades. Ainda, estudamos o modelo de controle baseado em comportamentos, planejamos e implementamos todos os comportamentos necess?rios ? integra??o do rob? aos ambientes real e virtual. V?rios experimentos foram realizados para valida??o das metodologias e ferramentas desenvolvidas, permitindo concluir que as mesmas atendem de forma satisfat?ria ao prop?sito inicial para o qual foram desenvolvidas
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Daniel, Claire Ashleigh. "Improving the cold tolerance of false codling moth, thaumatotibia leucotreta, for better performance in a sterile insect release programme." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5271.
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The false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of citrus and other important crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. The introduction of a sterile insect technique (SIT) programme for FCM in South Africa has proven to be very effective in the control of FCM. The objective was to flood citrus orchards with large numbers of sterile males resulting in a ratio of at least 10 sterile to 1 wild moth, increasing the probability of a female moth mating with a sterile male. This target is often achieved and the programme is generally successful, however there are some challenges regarding this programme. The mass rearing environment, artificial diet, handling methods and irradiation have an impact on sterile insect quality as environmental differences between the rearing facility and field, influences the insect phenotype and competitiveness. This is evident as wild male moths can theoretically actively fly at a temperature of 12°C and laboratory-reared sterilized moths, due to the radiation treatment, appear unable to fly below 20°C. As a consequence, sterile males are out-competed by wild males during the cooler months of the year. This is detrimental to the SIT programme as FCM do not undergo diapause, meaning they are active during winter and will still reproduce. Therefore, to maximize the effect of the SIT programme, it is vital to increase the flight ability of mass reared sterile males at lower temperatures. Various studies have shown that by adding cryoprotectants to the basic laboratory diets increases the cold tolerance of certain insects and thus may allow them to be mobile at lower temperatures, however it imperative that any chemical used to augment the commercial diet of the insect has no negative effects on the insect physiology and development. To investigate this detail for FCM, five generations of FCM were reared on diets augmented with various known insect cryoprotectants. These augmented FCM were subsequently used in experiments designed to determine firstly, if the cryoprotectants had a positive result on the cold tolerance of the FCM, and secondly, if they had any adverse effects on other physiological aspects such as duration of development. Laboratory trials indicated that the flight ability of male FCM was improved when larvae were reared on diets augmented with trehalose and cholesterol (with an average of 40 % of cholesterol and trehalose augmented males that flew at 15 °C where 0 % of the control flew). Results obtained during the field trials support the laboratory results as there was a significant increase in the number of trehalose augmented moths caught in the field during March and July (winter). Results also showed potential for cholesterol to be used as an additive. Other important findings show that both cholesterol and trehalose have no negative impacts on developmental rate, pupal size, and egg production and viability. Trehalose was found to increase the pupal mass of male and female FCM, as well as the number of eggs laid per female. Cholesterol was found to increase developmental rate and the number of eggs laid. The main findings of this study were that diet additives could improve the massrearing of FCM for SIT and the competitiveness of the males, especially at lower temperatures. However, the additives were expensive and cost could well be a constraint to the wide scale implementation of the new technology.
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Stenekamp, Daleen. "Optimization of a mass-rearing system to produce codling moth, Cydia pomonella, for a Sterile Insect Release programme in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6658.
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Thesis (PhD (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a worldwide pest and of major economic importance to the South African pome fruit industry. Sterile insect release is applied as a component of area-wide integrated pest management and includes the mass-rearing, sterilization and the release of the sterile insects. For sterile insect release, the improvements of rearing methods in terms of the quality of the diet ingredients and the economical aspect of the rearing method are examined. The effect of genetically modified maize meal, containing the Bacillus thuringiensis gene, in an artificial medium for codling moth rearing, is determined. The use of even a small amount of Bacillus thuringiensis resulted in larval mortality and prolonged development. These results are detrimental to a mass-rearing facility and must be considered by any rearing facility that uses genetically modified maize meal if the insect is sensitive to the gene. An alternative to maize meal in the artificial medium was tested and whole wheat flour was considered to be a suitable replacement. Agar agar is an expensive gelling agent used in the artificial medium. An alternative for agar agar (Kelcogel, Elastigel and carrageenen) is tested and the biological effect on codling moth is determined. Factors such as mortality, pupal and moth weight, longevity, fecundity and development time were used as quality parameters. Results showed that Elastigel was a suitable replacement for agar agar, with bigger pupae and moths, higher fecundity and increased longevity. The economical advantage of the replacement is a 40.91% reduction of the diet cost. The other gelling agents tested also gave acceptable results and can be considered if shortages of agar agar or Elastigel occur. A new method of mass-rearing codling moth larvae in a closed rearing system using large trays placed in a ventilated box is designed. This method is more cost and space effective as a smaller area is needed to rear a large number of moths. The risk of diet contamination is less because of the closed environment and more economical and effective air handling. This is the first report of its kind to describe the mass-rearing of codling moth in a closed environment and the risks involved in using genetically modified maize meal in an artificial diet for the codling moth. These results should be incorporated into existing mass-rearing facilities or taking into consideration when designing new mass-rearing facilities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kodlingmot, Cydia pomonella, is van ekonomiese belang vir die Suid-Afrikaanse kernvrugte bedryf. Die steriele insek tegniek word gebruik as ‘n komponent in area-wye geïntegreerde plaagbeheer en sluit in die massa-aanteel, sterilisering en vrylaat van steriele insekte. Vir die steriele insek tegniek is die verbetering van die massa-aanteel van die kodlingmot in terme van kwaliteit van die dieet en die ekonomiese aspek van die aanteel metode ondersoek. Die effek van genetiese gemanipuleerde mieliemeel wat die Bacillus thuringiensis geen bevat, in ‘n kunsmatige voedselmedium vir die aanteel van kodlingmot, is bepaal. Daar is gevind dat die gebruik van selfs ‘n klein persentasie Bacillus thuringiensis in die mieliemeel, mortaliteit en ‘n verlengde lewenssiklus in kodlingmot veroorsaak. Die gevolge is nadelig vir ‘n massa-aanteel fasiliteit en behoort in ag geneem te word vir enige insek wat op ‘n kunsmatige medium, wat mieliemeel bevat, geteel word, mits die insek sensitief is vir Bacillus thuringiensis. ‘n Alternatiewe bestanddeel vir mieliemeel, volkoringmeel, word aanbeveel. Agar agar is ‘n duur verdikkingsagent wat in kunsmatige mediums gebruik word. ‘n Alternatief vir agar agar (Kelcogel, Elastigel en carrageenen) is getoets en die biologiese effek op die kodlingmot is bepaal. Faktore soos mortaliteit, papie en mot gewig, langlewendheid, vrugbaarheid en lengte van lewenssiklus was gebruik as kwaliteit parameters. Resultate het getoon dat Elastigel ‘n geskikte plaasvevanger is van agar agar, met groter papies en motte, groter vrugbaarheid en langlewendheid. Die ekonomiese gevolg van die plaasvervanger, is ‘n vermindering van 40.91% van die dieetkoste. Die ander verdikkingagente wat is getoets is, het aanvaarbare resultate gelewer wat noodsaaklik is indien daar ‘n tekort van Elastigel of agar agar ontwikkel. ‘n Nuwe metode van massa-aanteel van kodlingmot larwes is bepaal. Die metode behels ‘n geslote sisteem, waar groter aanteel bakke in ‘n geslote, geventileerde boks geplaas word. Die metode is koste en spasie effektief en ‘n kleiner area word benodig om ‘n groter aantal motte te lewer. Die risiko van kontaminasie van die dieet word verminder as gevolg van die geslote sisteem wat gebruik word en meer ekonomiese en effektiewe lugversorging word gebruik. Hierdie is die eerste verslag van sy soort wat die massa-aanteel van kodlingmot in ‘n geslote sisteem beskryf en wat die risiko aandui van geneties gemanipuleerde mieliemeel in ‘n kunsmatige medium vir die kodlingmot. Hierdie resultate behoort in ag geneem te word vir reeds bestaande massa-aanteel fasiliteite of met die ontwerp van nuwe massa-aanteel fasiliteite.
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Joubert, Nicola. "The classroom transferability of a university-based inset programme of workshops in practical work for senior high school Biology educators." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8213.
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Professional criteria for assessing (a) the success and transferability of the programme and (b) the quality of the research evidence gathered from the Biology teachers and their learners in Cape Town, were adopted from a combination of the theoretical frameworks for INSET evaluation recommended by several authors, including the American National Science Standards (1996), Tamir (1997) and Oyasi & Oyasi (2000). The post-workshop data indicated that educators enjoyed the practical activities, and were active in implementing a number of them with their classes in subsequent years. It further revealed that their confidence in engaging in practicalwork improved significantly. To verify or corroborate these findings, ten educators observed at from the 1999 course were interviewed from 2002 to 2005. One educator was observed at two different schools, with different socio-economic backgrounds. The interviews were transcribed and five of the educators were observed while they dealt with the practical activities learnt during this series of workshops. The visual data from the classroom observations, and the interviewswere further processed and compared to the quantitative statistical data. It was It was found that, of the eight schools, four well-resourced schools implemented the programme successfully. This was in terms of the number of practical activities from the course that had been transferred to the classroom. Three of the under-resourced schools, with larger classes, also implemented the course successfully. This was due to the skills and motivation which the educators gained whilst participating in this series of workshops. In two of the schools the high rate of vandalism and the heavy workload of the educators was excessive to the point that they could not implement the programme successfully.
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Santos, Ana Dulce Batista dos. "A inser??o da equipe da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia em um Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil na promo??o da sa?de da crian?a." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14748.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The joint enters the teams of the Strategy Health of Family (ESF) and the Municipal Center of Infantile education (CMEI) blunts as a form to assure the monitoring and promotion to the health of the children of 2 the 5 years when entering the day-care center environment/daily pay-school. It was traced as objective: To analyze the actions developed for the team of the Strategy Health of the Family in the promotion the health of the child, taken care of in a CMEI. Description-exploratory is to a study, qualitative nature, the type research-action. Developed in a CMEI and the USF of the quarter of New City, Natal-RN. The population was constituted by the professionals of the team of the ESF and the CMEI and parents. During the stages of the research-action diverse techniques had been used as the individually interview and in group, focal group, comment participant, and daily of field. The analysis of the data occurred by means of the content analysis, in the thematic modality, proposal for Bardin (1977) and description of the stages of the research-action. In the stage of situational diagnosis that it investigates the reality lived deeply for the citizens of ESF and CMEI how much to the health of the child seven categories had emerged that they enclosed: the context of the attention child in the CMEI identifying the actions that already came being developed for the ESF in the CMEI; the functioning of the CMEI and its routine of activities; the paper of the CMEI in the care the child; the daily one of the ESF, how much to the care to the health of the child of 2 the 5 years involving the diverse difficulties faced for the ESF; difficulties faced in daily of the CMEI for the care the child of 2 the 5 years; paper of joint ESF and CMEI for the confrontation of the difficulties; e action of health to be developed that they had subsidized the stage of planning of the research-action. During the stages of planning and implementation of the actions the actions of education in health with professionals of the CMEI and parents had been materialize and the actions of direct attention the health of the child. In the stage of evaluation of the actions for the involved citizens one searched to ahead understand the perception of the actions developed and perspective of continuity of the actions, through 4 boarded subjects for the citizens. For all the passage of the research-action it can be inferred that joint ESF and CMEI is a necessary initiative ahead of the current situation of the services of health for the promotion of an integral attention the health of the child, but that the teams of the ESF not yet make use of material conditions and staff enough to develop actions that exceed the limits of the USF, being necessary for this the reinforcement of the joints mainly with the Federal University of the Rio Grande of the North.
A articula??o entre as equipes da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia (ESF) e o Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil (CMEI) desponta como uma forma de assegurar a vigil?ncia e promo??o ? sa?de das crian?as de 2 a 5 anos ao ingressarem no ambiente de creche/pr?-escola. Tra?ou-se como objetivo: Analisar as a??es desenvolvidas pela equipe da estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia na promo??o a sa?de da crian?a, atendida em um Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-explorat?rio, de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-a??o. Desenvolvido em um CMEI e na USF do bairro de Cidade Nova, Natal-RN. A popula??o foi constitu?da pelos profissionais da equipe da ESF e do CMEI e pais. Durante as etapas da pesquisa-a??o utilizaram-se diversas t?cnicas como a entrevista individual e em grupo, grupo focal, observa??o participante, e di?rio de campo. A an?lise dos dados ocorreu por meio da an?lise de conte?do, na modalidade tem?tica, proposta por Bardin (1977) e descri??o das etapas da pesquisa-a??o. Na etapa de diagn?stico situacional que investiga a realidade vivenciada pelos sujeitos da ESF e CMEI quanto ? sa?de da crian?a emergiram sete categorias que abrangiam: o contexto da aten??o crian?a no CMEI identificando as a??es que j? vinham sendo desenvolvidas pela ESF no CMEI; o funcionamento do CMEI e sua rotina de atividades; o papel do CMEI no cuidado a crian?a; o cotidiano da ESF, quanto ao cuidado ? sa?de da crian?a de 2 a 5 anos envolvendo as diversas dificuldades enfrentadas pela ESF; dificuldades enfrentadas no cotidiano do CMEI para o cuidado a crian?a de 2 a 5 anos; papel da articula??o ESF e CMEI para o enfrentamento das dificuldades; e a??es de sa?de a serem desenvolvidas que subsidiaram a etapa de planejamento da pesquisa-a??o. Durante as etapas de planejamento e implementa??o das a??es foram concretizadas as a??es de educa??o em sa?de com profissionais do CMEI e pais e as a??es de aten??o direta a sa?de da crian?a. Na etapa de avalia??o das a??es pelos sujeitos envolvidos buscou-se compreender as percep??o diante das a??es desenvolvidas e perspectivas de continuidade das a??es, atrav?s de 4 temas abordados pelos sujeitos. Por todo o percurso da pesquisa-a??o pode-se inferir que a articula??o ESF e CMEI ? uma iniciativa necess?ria diante da atual situa??o dos servi?os de sa?de para a promo??o de uma aten??o integral a sa?de da crian?a, mas que as equipes da ESF ainda n?o disp?em de condi??es materiais e de pessoal suficientes para desenvolver a??es que ultrapassem os limites das USF, sendo necess?rio para isso o fortalecimento das articula??es principalmente com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
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Ara?jo, Yanne Pinheiro de. "Atua??o profissional e viv?ncia do cirurgi?o-dentista na estrat?gia do programa de sa?de da fam?lia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17077.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-10Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The purpose of this research was to analyze the working profile of dentists from the Family Health Program (PSF Programa de Sa?de da Fam?lia, Brasil) of some Municipal Districts of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) in order to understand the way they handle the experience acquired with the work developed in that Program. This discussion evolves a reflection about the perspectives of consolidation of the FHP as well as the possible advancements of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS - Sistema ?nico de Sa?de). The target population was composed of dentists from the FHP of Rio Grande do Norte. Thus we performed twenty-one interviews orientated by a semi-structured guidebook with open questions and identification data. We opted for recording the speech of all the professionals in order to ensure the accuracy of the information gathered. The main results found were: predominance in the female gender; the majority of dentists has no post graduation courses; in those few cases of dentists with some post-graduation a lack of correlation with Public or Collective Health was observed; the dentists interviewed present a profile directed to clinical activities; the dentists used to develop basic restorative and periodontic treatment, simple surgeries and educative and preventive activities, even though the last two ones are carried out in an extremely traditional way (lectures and topical application of fluoride). In addition, as biggest difficulties to manage the work dentists pointed out the lack of permanent and consumer material, inadequate infrastructure, no transport to take them to distant places, no integration with the Health Family Team, technical difficulty such to perform educative and preventive activities as to provide adequate service to a repressed lawsuit. The results indicate the existence of a necessity to lead them to reflect and redirect their practices. In order to reach this aim it must be considered as initial measure the investment and encouragement toward to permanent education as well as a close follow-up and evaluation of the actions developed by them
A presente investiga??o tem como objetivo analisar o perfil de atua??o de cirurgi?es-dentistas inseridos no Programa de Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) de munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte, buscando conhecer e compreender a maneira como estes experienciam o trabalho que desenvolvem neste Programa. Esta discuss?o envolve uma reflex?o a respeito das perspectivas da consolida??o do PSF e dos avan?os poss?veis do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de no pa?s. A popula??o que fez parte da pesquisa foi composta de Cirurgi?es-Dentistas que estavam trabalhando no PSF no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram realizadas 21 entrevistas orientadas por um roteiro semi-estruturado com perguntas abertas e composta de dados de identifica??o. Optou-se por gravar a fala dos profissionais, tendo em vista uma melhor fidelidade da coleta de informa??es. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: predomin?ncia do sexo feminino; maioria dos entrevistados sem p?s-gradua??o, sendo que, aqueles que a possuem, n?o h? rela??o com a sa?de p?blica ou coletiva; os cirurgi?es-dentistas t?m perfil voltado para a atividade cl?nica; e os mesmos desenvolviam atividades b?sicas de dent?stica, periodontia b?sica, cirurgia simples e atividades preventivas e educativas, embora realizadas de maneira tradicional (palestras e aplica??o de fl?or). Apontaram como dificuldades a falta de materiais, estrutura f?sica inadequada, falta de transporte para localidades distantes, falta de integra??o com a Equipe de Sa?de da Fam?lia, dificuldade t?cnica para realiza??o de atividades educativas e preventivas e de atendimento ? demanda reprimida. Os resultados apontam que h? necessidade de motiv?-los a refletir e redirecionar as suas pr?ticas, tendo como medida inicial o investimento e est?mulo ? educa??o permanente e um monitoramento e avalia??o das a??es desenvolvidas pelos mesmos
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Costa, Renata Torres da. "Expressão recombinante da cisteíno protease nsP2 do arbovírus Mayaro em células de inseto." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Aparecida SperançaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2016.
O arbovírus Mayaro (MAYV), encontrado nas regiões próximas a florestas e áreas rurais da América do Sul, é membro da família Togaviridae, gênero Alphavirus. Este gênero é distribuído amplamente, tendo dois grupos principais: Alphavirus do Velho Mundo (Chikungunya, Sindbis, O¿nyong-nyong, Ross River, Semliki Forest) e do Novo Mundo (Encefalite Equina Venezuelana, Encefalite Equina Ocidental), de acordo com a região na qual foram isolados originalmente. O mosquito Haemagogus spp. é o principal vetor do MAYV que também já foi isolado de mosquitos do gênero Aedes spp. Considerando a semelhança do MAYV com o vírus Chikungunya, recentemente inserido no Brasil, e transmitido por Ae. aegypti, há risco de que o MAYV possa ser transmitido em áreas urbanas. Cabe ressaltar que no Brasil já foram registrados casos de co-circulação de MAYV durante surtos epidêmicos de dengue. A infecção por MAYV causa sintomas semelhantes a outras doenças febris, como a febre da dengue, a febre do Chikungunya, e a malária, dificultando o diagnóstico preciso dos casos. O genoma de MAYV, com cerca de 11,7 kb, é organizado em duas principais regiões: domínio não estrutural (extremidade 5¿ do RNA), contendo os genes que codificam as proteínas não estruturais (nsP1-4); e domínio estrutural, contendo os genes que codificam as proteínas estruturais. As proteínas não estruturais dos Alphavirus são necessárias para o processamento da poliproteína e para síntese do RNA viral. Dentre as proteínas não estruturais, as proteases virais podem ser imunogênicas além de se constituírem em excelentes alvos terapêuticos. O estudo comparativo do genoma dos Alphavirus indica que a proteína nsP2 de MAYV possui diversas atividades enzimáticas, incluindo a atividade de cisteíno protease em sua região C-terminal. Portanto, com o intuito de obter um método de diagnóstico sorológico específico para MAYV, utilizando sistema de expressão recombinante em células de insetos, foi realizada a construção de três baculovírus recombinantes para a nsP2 de MAYV, para obtenção da proteína completa (nsP2FL), do domínio de cisteíno protease da porção C-terminal (Pro38), e do domínio N-terminal (NT51) como controle negativo da atividade proteolítica. A expressão de cada uma das formas recombinantes da nsP2 foi realizada em célula de inseto High Five¿. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo SDS (SDS-PAGE) e Western blotting. Apenas a construção NT51 da nsP2 de MAYV foi detectada na fração celular da cultura de High Five¿ por Western blotting. A análise de RNA das células High Five¿ e Sf-9 infectadas com os baculovírus recombinantes para nsP2FL e Pro38, revelou a presença de transcritos das proteínas recombinantes, indicando que a ausência dos produtos proteicos poderia ser devido a perda da cauda de histidina presente nas construções por atividade de proteólise na extremidade Cterminal. Esta hipótese foi confirmada após expressão das proteínas nsP2FL e Pro38, em célula High Five¿ infectada com baculovírus recombinantes para os genes que codificam as respectivas proteínas, com cauda de histidina na porção N-terminal.
The arbovirus Mayaro (MAYV), found in regions close to forests and rural areas of South America, is a member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. This genus is distributed widely, in two main groups, according to the region in which they were originally isolated: the Old World (Chikungunya, Sindbis, O'nyong-Nyong, Ross River, Semliki Forest) and the New World Alphavirus (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis). The mosquito Haemagogus spp. is the main vector of MAYV which has also been isolated from mosquitoes of the genus Aedes spp. Considering the similarity of MAYV with Chikungunya virus, recently introduced in Brazil, and transmitted by Ae. aegypti, there is risk of MAYV urban transmission. Indeed, in Brazil, co-circulation of MAYV during dengue outbreaks have been related. Symptoms of MAYV fever are similar to other febrile diseases, such as dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, and malaria, making an accurate diagnosis, difficult. MAYV 11.7 kb genome is divided in two regions: non-structural domain (5'- RNA) containing the genes encoding the nonstructural proteins (nsP1-4); and structural domain containing genes encoding structural proteins. The Alphavirus nonstructural proteins are required for processing of the polyprotein and for viral RNA synthesis. Among the non-structural proteins, viral proteases may be immunogenic besides being excellent therapeutic targets. Genome comparative studies of Alphavirus indicates that the MAYV nsP2 protein has diverse enzymatic activities including a cysteine protease activity in its C-terminal region. Thus, with the objective to obtain a specific diagnostic method for MAYV, using a recombinant expression system in insect cells, a construction of three MAYV nsP2 recombinant baculoviruses to obtain the complete protein (nsP2FL), the C-terminal cysteine protease domain (Pro38), and the N-terminal (NT51) domain as a proteolysis activity negative control. The expression of each nsP2 construction was performed on Sf-9 and High Five¿ insect cells and the results were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with SDS (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Only the nsP2 NT51 construction was detected in the cellular fraction of Sf-9 and High Five¿ cultures by Western blotting. RNA analysis of Sf-9 cells infected with nsP2FL and Pro38 recombinant baculoviruses revealed the presence of transcripts, suggesting that the absence of the corresponding protein products occurred due the proteolysis of the C-terminal portion of the protein, resulting in histidine tail elimination. This hypothesis was confirmed by expression of nsP2FL e Pro38, proteins in Sf-9 and High Five¿ cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses for the genes encoding the respective proteins with histidine tail at the N-terminal portion.
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Santos, Var?lio Gomes dos. "O emprego juvenil no limiar do s?culo XXI :estudo a partir da RAIS e dos programas de inser??o de jovens no mercado de trabalho de Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14063.
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Previous issue date: 2005-10-20This study received the title THE JUVENILE EMPLOYMENT IN THE THRESHOLD OF THE XXI CENTURY: study starting from RAIS and of the programs of youths' insert in the labor market of Natal/RN . It presents as main objective to investigate, starting from the officials data of the Minist?rio do trabalho e emprego - MTE and of the federal and state government programs, the evolution of the formal employment for youths and the difficulties that leads the success of the returned initiatives the youths' insert in the formal market of work in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Norte, in the period from 2000 to 2004. To accomplish the research, it prioritizes the study of the evolution of the formal employment starting from the data of the MTE as form of diagnosing the formal market of the juvenile work. Search a descriptive way to identify the first results of the programs Primeiro Emprego- PPE (federal) and Primeira Chance - PPC (state), to interpret and to identify the existent gaps among the proposal initial of those programs and the first results obtained in the city of Natal. The research has character no-probability and it applies closed questionnaires for youths assisted by the programs. Were interviewed the local representatives of PPE and PPC, besides representatives of the organized civil society all through open structured interview, covering a total of 103 interviews. The results demonstrated that while PPC (state) obtained success inserting youngs, the PPE (federal) just got to insert 1,5% of the amount subsidized by the state program in Natal. That situation demonstrates a clear preference of the companies for PPC (state), in detriment of the federal program
Este estudo recebeu o t?tulo O EMPREGO JUVENIL NO LIMIAR DO S?CULO XXI: Estudo a partir da RAIS e dos programas de inser??o de jovens no mercado de trabalho de Natal/RN . Apresenta como objetivo principal investigar, a partir dos dados oficiais do Minist?rio do Trabalho e Emprego - MTE e dos programas governamentais federal e estadual, a evolu??o do emprego formal para jovens e as dificuldades que norteiam o sucesso das iniciativas voltadas ? inser??o de jovens no mercado formal de trabalho no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Norte, no per?odo de 2000 a 2004. Para realizar a pesquisa, prioriza o estudo da evolu??o do emprego formal a partir dos dados do MTE como forma de diagnosticar o mercado formal do trabalho juvenil. Busca de forma descritiva identificar os primeiros resultados dos programas Primeiro Emprego PPE (federal) e Primeira Chance PPE (estadual), para interpretar e identificar as lacunas existentes entre a proposta inicial desses programas e os primeiros resultados obtidos na cidade de Natal. A pesquisa tem car?ter n?o-probabil?stico e aplica question?rios fechados para jovens atendidos pelos programas. Foram entrevistados os representantes locais do PPE e PPC, al?m de representantes da sociedade civil organizada todos atrav?s de entrevista estruturada abertas, perfazendo um total de 103 entrevistas. Os resultados demonstraram que enquanto o PPC (estadual) obteve ?xito inserindo jovens o PPE (federal) s? conseguiu inserir 1,5% do montante subsidiado pelo programa estadual em Natal. Esse quadro demonstra uma clara prefer?ncia das empresas pelo PPC (estadual), em detrimento do programa federal
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Santos, Joelia Silva dos. "Pol?ticas p?blicas e reorganiza??o do espa?o rural: a inser??o da comunidade da Sapucaia no Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio de Jesus - Ba." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/548.
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The rural reorganization stems from the actions carried out by different actors with specific interests and goals. In this sense, the state is one of the agents, together with farmers, associations, trade unions, social movements, whose actions cause repercussions in various dimensions of rural from the moment that institutionalizes and implements public policy. By Law No. 11.947 / 2009, the Brazilian State undertook to states and municipalities the obligation intended, at least 30% of funds transferred by the National Fund for Education Development (ENDF), to purchase the small farmer products and their organizations that will be used for School Feeding. The insertion of the small farmer in the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE), as supplier of agricultural genres, is a Brazilian state action geared specifically for rural segments most vulnerable by the import substitution industrialization process. In Santo Antonio de Jesus, Community Sapucaia, through the Association of farmers, sought means of insertion in the program, achieving the feat in 2014 and 2015. The repercussions of this action have resized the objects and actions systems to the point of occasioning a productive reorganization of rural properties inserted in the PNAE. This finding was obtained from this research that aimed to analyze the spatial organization of farms of small farmers in the Sapucaia community from the insertion of the Association in the PNAE in Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia. It is considered that the inclusion in the program allows farmers to market their products for a value consistent with the market, decreases the middleman role of action, ensures a fixed income per year and contributes to the enhancement of local agriculture
O processo de reorganiza??o do espa?o rural decorre das a??es realizadas por diferentes agentes com interesses e objetivos espec?ficos. Nesse sentido, o Estado ? um dos agentes, em conjunto com os agricultores, as associa??es, os sindicatos, os movimentos sociais, cujas a??es provocam rebatimentos em v?rias dimens?es do rural a partir do momento em que institucionaliza e executa as pol?ticas p?blicas. Atrav?s da Lei N? 11.947/2009, o Estado brasileiro incumbiu aos estados e munic?pios a obrigatoriedade de destinarem, no m?nimo, 30% dos recursos repassados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educa??o (FNDE), para compra de produtos do pequeno agricultor e suas organiza??es que ser?o destinados a Alimenta??o Escolar. A inser??o do pequeno agricultor no Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE), como fornecedor de g?neros agr?colas, ? uma a??o do Estado brasileiro voltada especificamente para os segmentos rurais mais fragilizados pelo processo de industrializa??o por substitui??o de importa??o. No munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio de Jesus, a Comunidade da Sapucaia, atrav?s da Associa??o de agricultores, buscou meios de inser??o no programa, alcan?ando o feito em 2014 e 2015. Os rebatimentos dessa a??o t?m redimensionado os sistemas de objetos e os sistemas de a??es ao ponto de ocasionarem uma reorganiza??o produtiva das propriedades rurais inseridas no PNAE. Tal constata??o foi obtida com a realiza??o desta pesquisa que objetivou analisar a reorganiza??o espacial das propriedades rurais dos pequenos agricultores da comunidade da Sapucaia a partir da inser??o da Associa??o no PNAE no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio de Jesus-BA. Considera-se que a inser??o no programa permite ao agricultor comercializar seus produtos por um valor condizente com o do mercado, provoca a redu??o da a??o do papel do atravessador, assegura uma renda fixa ao ano e contribui na valoriza??o da agricultura local.
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Wanyama, Henry Sammy. "The environmental education programme in three INSET venues of teachers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5939.
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M.Ed.Following the ascendance to power of a democratically elected government in South Africa, many things had to be restructured to fit the realities of the time. Education was one of the areas where many changes occurred. The previous education system was replaced with a new system dubbed Curriculum 2005. The new system was outcomes based. Environment is one of the themes included in the new education curriculum which was not in the previous education system. Environment is a cross-curricular theme in the new education system which means it is taught in all the learning areas. Each educator or teacher is expected to integrate the theme in their areas of specialisation. This has compelled the government departments, institutions of higher learning and NGOs to retrain teachers to cope with this challenge. The implementation of Curriculum 2005 is in its third year now. Despite the training efforts that has been put in, teachers still find it difficult to cope with. This study explores the causes of the problems experienced in the formal education system in an attempt to implement EE. Chapter one.(1) outlines the problem and claims that teachers' problems in implementing EE in schools in South Africa emanates from their training. It also outlines the social problems associated with the current problems in formal education if they are not checked. The chapter concludes that it in important for the study to be undertaken so as to isolate the problems that stifle the progress in implementing this theme. Chapter two (2) reviews existing literature in teacher education, theories of learning and environmental education. The links between community education are also reviewed. The chapter attempts to establish whether the existing theory is considered in the practice of EE. An array of problems are revealed as contributing to the current problems affecting the implementation of EE in schools in South Africa and worldwide. The chapter concludes that there is a gap between theory and practice. In chapter three (3) an attempt is made to collect data from the field using four methods namely: oral interview, group focus interview, document analysis and observation. The chapter elaborates how this was done and how the relevant data was collected in order to support or refute the claim made in chapter one. In chapter four (4), data is categorised, coded and analysed. The data is then discussed. It is discovered that field data strongly supports literature reviewed in chapter two (2). The chapter concludes that there are problems that hinder the effective implementation of EE in formal education in South Africa and makes a number of recommendations to be implemented urgently for the situation to be arrested.
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Chapman, Scott Alan. "Conservation of arthropod natural enemies in potato production through use of pest-specific insect management programs." 2003. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Yii, Liaw Su, and 廖婌妤. "Apply the strategy plan of school effectiveness in SAP programme to inspect the operation of Kelantan Chung Hwa High School." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51100811544482784626.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
教育研究所
102
This study aimed to apply the strategy plan of school effectiveness in SAP programme to inspect the operation of Kelantan Chung Hwa High School. There are four main research purposes: First, to understand the current condition of the school, including the operating educational philosophy of the principal, school development and the vision of the school. Second, to research on enhance of the school operation methods, includes school development plan, potential development of the schools on ( the administration, teachers ' professional development, students study methods, the resources and development of the school and community). Third, apply school effectiveness strategy plan in SAP programme to inspect the operation of the school. Fourth, the possibility of recommendations based on research, try to provide useful references for future operator of the school. This study is a single case study, based on observation and interviews for the research. The author tries to collect relevant information or records obtained to describe, understand, meta-analysis, or to form a comprehensive understanding that conducted more rigorous research and exploration. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. The school administration: The core educational philosophy of the principal is based on humane care and respect for individuals, the development of personal life, determination to nurture the growth of the next generation. Chancellor sets to improve the economic stability of the school, the administrative team cohesion, and benefit of teachers and students physical development and learning as school's vision as the beginning plan contributions to the school community in an attempt to build the school characteristics, but at the same time the headmaster tries to proceed with the development and reformation of the school administrative team, this may increase the pressure of teachers and the school team. 2. Teachers' professional development: The headmaster’s educational philosophy is to create multi-faceted curriculum development and guiding teachers to improve their teaching skills. Bringing the "mentoring" concept into the cooperation between the new teachers IV and experienced teachers to help in exchanging their experiences in teaching skills. The reformation of English teaching, re- start the Living Skills classes, plans to set up executive and management courses, includes outdoor learning. Teachers and students can create a long-term engagement to implement the ultimate goals of selfimprovement. 3. Students learning: The development of multi co-curricular activities to enrich campus life , which encourages students to learn in physical education during the exercise, sway youth, invest more in develop learning, it should also enhance their learning through cooperative societies and activities, discovery , communication, and also to promote peer interaction , mutual appreciation , developing creative thinking. Through outdoor education, school-based teacher develop characteristics of local education curriculum allows students to unwind, and broaden their horizons in knowledge. 4. School and community resources: Current Chung Hwa organize small, medium and large school activities regularly, the students took the opportunities to make contact with the community, but also allowed the community to get to know more about the school. This activity should be retained and continued because through social reality in order to teach by example, to open the mind and heart of students of the humanities and caring education.
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Fricke, Norma Irene. "The effect of a mentoring programme targeting secondary school science and mathematics teachers in a developmental context." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29830.
Full textAbstract:
Many South African teachers have low levels of subject knowledge and poor teaching practices but are faced with the additional challenges of implementing a new curriculum and new methodologies for teaching and assessment. These factors combine to expose a teaching population that is generally ineffective, particularly in the case of mathematics and science teachers at under-resourced township schools. The Teacher Mentorship Programme (TMP) is a mentoring programme for mathematics and science teachers focussed on remediating problem areas and revitalising teachers’ classroom practices. Mentors support individual teachers at their workplace and the programme includes all teachers in each of these departments at the schools. This research inquiry is a case study of four TMP teachers. The effect of mentoring as an in-service training strategy is ascertained by considering the changes in their professional, personal and social development. The inquiry reveals firstly the effect of mentoring on the teachers and their practice and secondly what aspects of mentoring are responsible for bringing about such changes. Using the teachers’ and mentors’ voices as informants and based on good practice as recommended by literature, a theory for a mentoring model is proposed as an effective and sustainable model for professional teacher development for mathematics and science teachers in developing contexts. The research findings of this study and the new mentoring model design may serve to enrich the knowledge base on INSET in the area of teachers who are situated in unsupportive schools in developing contexts.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Humanities Education
unrestricted
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Bam, Nicola Rose-Anne. "The role of INSET in promoting multilingualism in Western Cape schools : a case study." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18056.
Full textAbstract:
The promotion of multilingualism is one of the aims of the new language-in-education
policy. It is a phenomenon which is reflective of our multilingual society. However, the
means by which it is being promoted at school level needs to be investigated in light of
the additive bilingualism model that has been stipulated in the language-in education
policy.
This dissertation focuses on a school in the Western Cape which offers many languages
and is trying to meet the needs of its learners. The way in which multilingualism is
experienced in the classrooms is observed from the learners, teachers and parents'
perspectives in the hope of describing how it takes place in a secondary school setting.
The ways in which teachers can promote multilingualism in the classroom are suggested
by offering practical multilingual strategies for teaching and learning. The role of INSET
in promoting multilingualism is also discussed.Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Educational Management)
38
Kunst, Michael. "Functional organisation of the central complex of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus in relation to sound production." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F168-C.
Full text
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Prinsloo, Glynnis Noreen. "The specific outcomes framework : a tool for learning programme development and implementation." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15831.
Full textAbstract:
Van der Horst, H van R.With the introduction in 1998 of Outcomes-Based Education in South Africa, educators will no longer be passive recipients of a curriculum developed within the ivory towers of a Department of Education. Curriculum development will be the task of every educator at the site of delivery. Media articles have painted a gloomy picture of the calibre of educator expected to manage the demands of Outcomes-Based Education. The researcher is of the opinion that there are many dedicated educators willing to accept the historic nature of the journey which lies ahead of them, and who, with the adoption of an encouraging, supportive approach to professional development, will be willing to work with, adapt, modify and improve the Outcomes-Based curriculum presented to them. Educators need to assume responsibility for the professional development of Learning Programmes and the learner support materials to ensure that learners get to grips with the new curriculum. This task can be achieved through high-quality in-service education, training and re-training of educators. This study describes workshops developed by the researcher to familiarise the educators with the Specific Outcomes Framework of Curriculum 2005, and to develop an in-depth understanding of the Specific Outcomes without which, the educators would be at a loss to develop meaningful Learning Programmes. Examples of Learning Programmes developed by some of the participating educators over a period of twelve months indicate the levels of proficiency attained through close monitoring and assistance offered by the researcher. Outcomes-Based Education has been successful where all involved have taken on the challenge to do their best and as we collectively strive to improve the standard of education in South Africa, let us, in the words of Jane Hofmeyer (Article (b),Sunday Times, 25/10/98), "look forward to the day when every child as an educational birthright, can claim access to competent, caring and committed teachers and schools that are organised for success."
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)
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Ravhudzulo, Anniekie Nndowiseni. "An assessment of the present teacher upgrading programme in Ramaano Mbulaheni Traning Centre." Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17598.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to assess the primary teacher upgrading
programme at Ramaano Mbulaheni Training Centre (RMTC).
The literature review in this work includes a selection of related
studies and articles in developing countries such as South Afric~,
Nigeria, Kenya and Zimbabwe and in developed countries like
Japan, Britain and United States of America. These together formed
I
the theoretical base of the research.
A survey was carried out in the Malamulele, · Mutale, Sekgosese,
Soutpansberg, Thohoyandou and Vuwani areas in the Northern
Province Region 3, to find out whether the RMTC teacher upgradi"g
· programme is serving the purpose of up·grading underqualified
primary teachers.
An attempt was made to give the necessity of teacher upgrading in
South Africa and an assessment was made of the Ramaano
Mbulaheni Training Centre upgrading programme.Teacher Education
M. Ed. (Didactics)