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Journal articles on the topic 'Program InSpec'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Chapin, J. W., and J. S. Thomas. "Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Pod Damage, Disease Incidence, and Yield in Two Peanut Fungicide Programs1." Peanut Science 20, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-2-9.

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Abstract The benefits of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 15G) soil insecticide treatment in standard (chlorothalonil) and developmental (tebuconazole) peanut fungicide programs were compared in five field tests over a 3-yr period. Chlorpyrifos treatment reduced incidence of southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and insect pod injury, while increasing yield in the standard fungicide program. In contrast, chlorpyrifos treatment did not measurably affect stem rot incidence or yield in the tebuconazole program, and insect pod injury was reduced in only one of three years. Tebuconazole reduced Rhizoctonia limb rot (R. solani AG-4) and stem rot incidence, and decreased pod injury relative to the standard chlorothalonil program. Tebuconazole increased yield 804 kg/ha (716 lb/ac) over the standard fungicide. Chlorpyrifos increased yield 503 kg/ha (448 lb/ac) for a net return of $315/ha ($128/ac) in the standard fungicide program. However, in the developmental program, chlorpyrifos increased yield only 79 kg/ha (70 lb/ac) for a net return of -$2/ha (-$1/ac). Labeling of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI) fungicides such as tebuconazole would significantly affect peanut insect management in some production areas by reducing the economic incentive for preventative treatments of organophosphate insecticides.
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2

Miller, Christian, and L. Reuzé. "A specific weight training program for triathlon." Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 24, no. 1 (1999): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.1999.2111.

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3

Rom, Curt R., Jason McAfee, and Donn Johnson. "APPLE CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT IN ARKANSAS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 892b—892. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.892b.

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Apple cultivar development is an important program necessary to sustain the existing fruit industry and stimulate new production systems for Arkansas and the region. The cultivar development program has two parts. First, currently available cultivars are tested with multiple trees for multiple years. Second, about 150 advanced selections from the Arkansas apple breeding program are evaluated in trials with multiple trees (2nd test) and in replicated trials (3rd test). The goal of both programs is to identify cultivars that have potential in the local production systems and for Arkansas' markets, and to identify those cultivars which are not adapted to the region. All cultivars and advanced selections are evaluated for ∂35 qualitative and quantitative characteristics, including time of bloom, time of harvest, length of harvest season, fruit aesthetic and internal quality, environmental adaptability especially to heat and high light, and insect and disease susceptibility. Primary diseases for which cultivars and selections are screened include fireblight, cedar apple rust, powdery mildew, black rot, white rot and bitter rot. Primary insect pests include mites, codling moth, plum curculio and Japanese beetle. Cultivars are evaluated in the field, under standard management conditions for five to seven years of production before summary evaluation. The program has identified cultivars including traditional cultivars, new cultivars, and heritage cultivars adaptable to the local and regional climates and suitable for those markets.
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Lohninger, H. "INSPECT: A program system to visualize and interpret chemical data." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(93)e0054-8.

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5

MILLER, BARTON P., MIHAI CHRISTODORESCU, ROBERT IVERSON, TEVFIK KOSAR, ALEXANDER MIRGORODSKII, and FLORENTINA POPOVICI. "PLAYING INSIDE THE BLACK BOX: USING DYNAMIC INSTRUMENTATION TO CREATE SECURITY HOLES." Parallel Processing Letters 11, no. 02n03 (June 2001): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626401000579.

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Programs running on insecure or malicious hosts have often been cited as ripe targets for security attacks. The enabling technology for these attacks is the ability to easily analyze and control the running program. Dynamic instrumentation provides the necessary technology for this analysis and control. As embodied in the DynInst API library, dynamic instrumentation allows easy construction of tools that can: (1) inspect a running process, obtaining structural information about the program; (2) control the execution of the program, (3) cause new libraries to be dynamically loaded into the process' address space; (4) splice new code sequences into the running program and remove them; and (5) replace individual call instructions or entire functions. With this technology, we have provided two demonstrations of its use: exposing vulnerabilities in a distributed scheduling system (Condor), and bypassing access to a license server by a word processor (Framemaker). The first demonstration shows the danger of remote execution of a job on a system of unknown pedigree, and the second demonstration shows the vulnerabilities of software license protection schemes. While these types of vulnerabilities have long been speculated, we show how, with the right tool (the DynInst API), they can be easily accomplished. Along with this discussion of vulnerabilities, we also discuss strategies for compensating for them.
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6

Toby, Brian H. "CIF applications. XII. Inspecting Rietveld fits from pdCIF:pdCIFplot." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 5 (September 8, 2003): 1285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803016789.

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A description is given of thepdCIFplotprogram. This program is used to inspect the quality of fits obtained from Rietveld refinements where the results are communicated in pdCIF files. The program runs on almost all contemporary operating systems.
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7

Son, Keunbada, Wan-Sun Lee, and Kyu-Bok Lee. "Effect of Different Software Programs on the Accuracy of Dental Scanner Using Three-Dimensional Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168449.

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This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the 3D analysis for complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation region by using four analysis software programs. The CAD reference model (CRM; N = 1 per region) and CAD test models (CTMs; N = 20 per software) of complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation were obtained by using scanners. For both CRM and CTMs, mesh data other than the same area were deleted. For 3D analysis, four analysis software programs (Geomagic control X, GOM Inspect, Cloudcompare, and Materialise 3-matic) were used in the alignment of CRM and CTMs as well as in the 3D comparison. Root mean square (RMS) was regarded as the result of the 3D comparison. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were performed for statistical comparison of four analysis software programs (α = 0.05). In half-arch and tooth preparation region, the four analysis software programs showed a significant difference in RMS values (p < 0.001), but in complete-arch region, no significant difference was found among the four software programs (p = 0.139). As the area of the virtual cast for 3D analysis becomes smaller, variable results are obtained depending on the software program used, and the difference in results among software programs are not considered in the 3D analysis for complete-arch region.
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8

Sinnott, Larkin, and Paula Diane Relf. "Analysis of Residential Horticultural Questions Answered by Master Gardeners." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 502d—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.502d.

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An analysis of commonly asked horticultural questions is being conducted by the Office of Environmental Horticulture at Virginia Tech in order to improve the question and answer process between Master Gardeners and the public. Records of questions received by Master Gardeners from a sampling of Extension offices representing all growing areas of the state are being sorted and categorized to identify the most frequently asked questions and develop a electronic resource to assist in answering those questions quickly and with consistent IPM based information. More than 4000 questions have been analyzed and organized in to the following categories: Plant Questions (specific type or species of plant), General Gardening Questions (composting and fertilizing, herbicides and pesticides, soil testing etc.), Program Questions (Extension programs, Master Gardener program), and Animal and Insect Questions. The plants questions have been further divided into the sub-categories. The animal and insect questions have been sorted by species type with the percentage asked of each calculated. This information is posted on a web site and is linked to additional resources for answers. The address is www.hort.vt.edu/mastergardener/Q&A.html. The site contains useful information, links, and opportunities for feedback via e-mail.
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9

Tasma, I. Made. "Aplikasi Teknologi DNA untuk Akselerasi Program Pemuliaan Ketahanan Tanaman Kakao terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Utama." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 35, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p155-166.

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<p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the main constraints on cacao cultivation is disease and insect pest attacks causing significant yield loss. The main insect pests and diseases on cacao plantation are cacao pod borer, cacao<br />fruit rot, vascular streak dieback and cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Conventional breeding method to obtain new cacao clones resistant to insect pests and diseases is a slow process. It may take 1520 years to obtain a new superior clone. Applying DNA technology should expedite cacao breeding program. The article described the application of DNA technology currently available to expedite cacao breeding program for disease and insect resistance. Many genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of important traits have been discovered related to cacao plant productivity and yield quality, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Modern genomic technologies as well as DNA marker have also been applied in cacao breeding program. Genetic transformation technology has been explored its application for cacao improvement. With the development of modern genomic technology, important gene/QTL discoveries would be faster to accelerate insect pest and disease resistant cultivar development. All these new DNA technologies have been assessed their potential applications for coping important pest and disease and for yield improvement. DNA technologies, mainly MAS and genomic-data based breeding technologies are ready to be applied to support breeding programs for main pest and disease resistance to enhance Indonesian cacao productivity and quality.<br />Keywords: Cacao, disease and insect resistance, genomics, DNA markers, genetic transformation, marker-assisted breeding<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Salah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya kakao ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Hama dan penyakit utama kakao adalah penggerek buah kakao (PBK), busuk buah kakao (BBK), vascular streak dieback (VSD), dan cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman kakao secara konvensional berjalan lambat dan perlu waktu panjang. Untuk menghasilkan satu varietas unggul diperlukan waktu 15-20 tahun. Aplikasi teknologi DNA (genomika melalui pemuliaan berbantuan marka dan rekayasa genetik) dapat mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman kakao. Tulisan ini mengulas teknologi DNA yang tersedia saat ini dan potensi aplikasinya untuk mempercepat pemuliaan kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Penemuan marka DNA dan gen/quantitative trait loci (QTL) kakao berkembang cukup pesat. Banyak gen dan QTL karakter penting telah diidentifikasi yang terkait ketahanan hama dan penyakit serta produktivitas tanaman. Teknologi genomika dan pemanfaatan teknik marker-assisted selection (MAS) juga telah diaplikasikan untuk pemuliaan kakao termasuk untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetik telah diteliti untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatannya dalam perbaikan bahan tanam kakao. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi genomika modern, penemuan gen/QTL unggul dapat dipercepat, lebih efisien dan komprehensif untuk mempercepat perakitan varietas unggul kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi DNA khususnya MAS dan pemuliaan berbasis data genom siap diaplikasikan untuk mendukung program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman kakao terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu kakao nasional. <br /><br /></p>
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10

Fery, Richard L. "BREEDING SOUTHERNPEA AND TOMATO FOR RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1178d—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1178d.

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The use of multidisciplinary teams has been the key to making progress in the development of insect resistant southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars; both the plant breeder and the entomologist have primary program responsibilities. The basic approach encompasses three separate but interrelated phases: 1) evaluation of germplasm collections to locate needed sources of resistances, 2) genetic studies to determine the inheritance of resistances, and 3) breeding programs to transfer resistance genes into adapted germplasm. The basic approach must usually be supplemented by concurrent research to, determine the nature and value of resistances and to develop evaluation procedures, selection criteria, and plant breeding methodologies. Selected examples from research projects on southernpea (resistances to cowpea curculio, southern green stinkbug, leaf footed bug, leaf miners, and thrips) and tomato (resistances to tomato fruitworm, tobacco hornworm, and Colorado potato beetle) will be used to illustrate approaches and methodologies.
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11

Sakai, Mitsuru. "The Development of the New Insect Control Program." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 58, no. 11 (2004): 1552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.58.1552.

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12

Orzolek, Michael D., Cathy Thomas, Robert D. Berghage, and Paul R. Heller. "Development of a Greenhouse IPM Program in Pennsylvania." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 847E—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.847e.

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The dramatic reduction in available greenhouse insecticides and the potential for increased insect resistance has necessitated a change in insect control techniques. Because of the large acreage of greenhouse production in Pennsylvania and the need for a more environmentally effective method of controlling insects in greenhouses, an aggressive Integrated Pest Management research program was initiated and has been on-going since 1989. Our objectives were to develop a bibliography of major insect pests; to determine effectiveness of parasitoids on greenhouse and silverleaf whitefly, western flower thrip, and aphids; to reduce pesticide usage; and to comply with worker protection standards. The program was implemented by a joint venture among the Pennsylvania State Univ. faculty and technical staff, grower cooperators, the Pennsylvania Dept. of Agriculture, and the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers Association. The IPM program was started with an active scouting and monitoring program in commercial houses to determine threshold levels. Control measures were implemented with biological controls, cultural management, and lastly chemical. In addition, the implementation of the results of this research to commercial growers has resulted in the formation of a Greenhouse Crop Management Association. Results of the 5-year research program are discussed.
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13

Headrick, David. "The Future of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be a Better Entomologist or Pay for Someone Who Is." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020140.

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Insect pest management in certified organic production systems presents considerable challenges for growers. The Federal National Organic Program (NOP) guidelines list acceptable tactics, but their effective use requires a considerable knowledgebase in entomology. The range of tactics allowed by the NOP are viewed as limiting by many growers and there are important elements missing from the list such as pest monitoring and identification. Educational programs must consider utilizing instructional methods and additional means of outreach that introduce new pest management tactics that are individualized, regionally appropriate and emphasize grower adoption and collaboration with local professionals. This review describes the challenges and knowledge burden associated with the listed NOP pest management guidelines, provides an educational model that includes an additional level of professional support for enhanced adoption of novel pest management tactics, or refinement of current practices, with a special emphasis on the importance of insect pest population monitoring.
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14

Doubleday, Laura A. D., and Naomi Cappuccino. "Simulated herbivory reduces seed production in Vincetoxicum rossicum." Botany 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-010.

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Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Apocynaceae) is an exotic invasive perennial vine that is spreading rapidly throughout northeastern North America. Its spread threatens native plant communities and the animals that depend on them. While V. rossicum is known to have specialist insect herbivores in its native range, it has escaped herbivory in its introduced range. A biological control program is currently being developed to identify an insect agent that could be released in North America to control V. rossicum . In this study, we simulated leaf and root herbivory on individual plants in naturally occurring populations of V. rossicum to estimate the impact of different feeding guilds and damage levels on seed production in sunny and shady sites. Damage intensity (0%, 30%, 60%, or 90% tissue removal) had a greater impact on seed output than damage type (root vs. leaf), although root damage was slightly more effective than leaf damage. We discuss the implications for biological control programs targeting this invasive exotic plant.
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15

Miller, Dini M., and Eric P. Smith. "Quantifying the Efficacy of an Assessment-Based Pest Management (APM) Program for German Cockroach (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) Control in Low-Income Public Housing Units." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz302.

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Abstract Over the last several decades, low-income public housing facilities have been known to be infested with particularly large German cockroach populations. These populations persist even though the housing pest control contracts often require, and pay for, IPM practices to be used in their facilities. When Virginia Tech researchers began reviewing public housing contracts in Virginia and North Carolina, it was easy to see why these ‘IPM programs’ were not successful. Many of these ‘low-bidder’ contracts do not allow the technician enough time in each apartment to assess the size of the pest population. In addition, these pest management contracts did not require German cockroach population monitoring, even though all IPM programs are based on assessments of the pest population. There was a clear need for an effective, easy to apply cockroach management program in U.S. public housing authorities. This study determined the long-term efficacy of an Assessment-based Pest Management (APM) program for German cockroach control in U.S. public housing facilities. Specifically, we evaluated an APM program where the residents were not asked to clean or prepare for treatment, and where overnight cockroach trap counts were used to determine the volume of gel bait that would be applied. The APM baiting program was conducted for 15 mo in three housing authorities. In all three housing authorities, cockroach populations in test units were typically reduced by &gt;90%. German cockroach infestations were even eliminated from 49 of the 65 (75%) test units during this study.
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SUZUKI, Kenji, Shusuke NEMOTO, Takahiro FUKUDA, Hideaki TAKANOBU, and Hirofumi MIURA. "MNS-09 INSECT-INSPIRED WALL-CLIMBING ROBOTS UTILIZING SURFACE TENSION FORCES(Micro/Nanosystem Science and Technology III,Technical Program of Oral Presentations)." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2009 (2009): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2009.179.

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17

Tofilski, Adam. "DrawWing, a program for numerical description of insect wings." Journal of Insect Science 4, no. 17 (May 2004): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.004.1701.

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18

Jiang, Shih Sheng, I.-Shou Chang, Lin-Wei Huang, Po-Cheng Chen, Chi-Chung Wen, Shu-Chen Liu, Li-Chu Chien, Chung-Yen Lin, Chao A. Hsiung, and Jyh-Lyh Juang. "Temporal Transcription Program of Recombinant Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus." Journal of Virology 80, no. 18 (September 15, 2006): 8989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01158-06.

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ABSTRACT Baculoviruses, a family of large, rod-shaped viruses that mainly infect lepidopteran insects, have been widely used to transduce various cells for exogenous gene expression. Nonetheless, how a virus controls its transcription program in cells is poorly understood. With a custom-made baculovirus DNA microarray, we investigated the recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) gene expression program in lepidopteran Sf21 cells over the time course of infection. Our analysis of transcription kinetics in the cells uncovered sequential viral gene expression patterns possibly regulated by different mechanisms during different phases of infection. To gain further insight into the regulatory network, we investigated the transcription program of a mutant virus deficient in an early transactivator (pe38) and uncovered several pe38-dependent and pe38-independent genes. This study of baculovirus dynamic transcription programs in different virus genetic backgrounds provides new molecular insights into how gene expression in viruses is regulated.
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19

Papanicolaou, Alexie. "The life cycle of a genome project: perspectives and guidelines inspired by insect genome projects." F1000Research 5 (January 5, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7559.1.

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Many research programs on non-model species biology have been empowered by genomics. In turn, genomics is underpinned by a reference sequence and ancillary information created by so-called “genome projects”. The most reliable genome projects are the ones created as part of an active research program and designed to address specific questions but their life extends past publication. In this opinion paper I outline four key insights that have facilitated maintaining genomic communities: the key role of computational capability, the iterative process of building genomic resources, the value of community participation and the importance of manual curation. Taken together, these ideas can and do ensure the longevity of genome projects and the growing non-model species community can use them to focus a discussion with regards to its future genomic infrastructure.
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20

Faumont, Nathalie, Stéphanie Durand-Panteix, Martin Schlee, Sebastian Grömminger, Marino Schuhmacher, Michael Hölzel, Gerhard Laux, et al. "c-Myc and Rel/NF-κB Are the Two Master Transcriptional Systems Activated in the Latency III Program of Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Cells." Journal of Virology 83, no. 10 (March 4, 2009): 5014–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02264-08.

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ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency III program imposed by EBNA2 and LMP1 is directly responsible for immortalization of B cells in vitro and is thought to mediate most immunodeficiency-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases in vivo. To answer the question whether and how this proliferation program is related to c-Myc, we have established the transcriptome of both c-Myc and EBV latency III proliferation programs using a Lymphochip specialized microarray. In addition to EBV-positive latency I Burkitt lymphoma lines and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we used an LCL expressing an estrogen-regulatable EBNA2 fusion protein (EREB2-5) and derivative B-cell lines expressing a constitutively active or tetracycline-regulatable c-myc gene. A total of 897 genes were found to be fourfold or more up- or downregulated in either one or both proliferation programs compared to the expression profile of resting EREB2-5 cells. A total of 661 (74%) of these were regulated similarly in both programs. Numerous repressed genes were known targets of STAT1, and most induced genes were known to be upregulated by c-Myc and to be involved in cell proliferation. In keeping with the gene expression patterns, inactivation of c-Myc by a chemical inhibitor or by conditional expression of dominant-negative c-Myc and Max mutants led to proliferation arrest of LCLs. Most genes differently regulated in both proliferation programs corresponded to genes induced by NF-κB in LCLs, and many of them coded for immunoregulatory and/or antiapoptotic molecules. Thus, c-Myc and NF-κB are the two main transcription factors responsible for the phenotype, growth pattern, and biological properties of cells driven into proliferation by EBV.
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Groot, Peter de, Jean J. Turgeon, and Gordon E. Miller. "Status of cone and seed insect pest management in Canadian seed orchards." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 745–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70745-6.

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Many of Canada's conifer seed orchards are entering their productive phase. In most, if not all seed orchards, insect pest management will be required in order to meet the seed production targets. Canadian seed orchard managers will soon need to know the basic requirements and what information is available to implement an insect pest management program. In this review, a synthesis is provided of the major components of an integrated pest management program for cone and seed insects. A list of the insect pests of conifer cones and seeds in Canada as well as features of their life cycles and population dynamics that could influence pest management strategies is presented. Current and future needs for insect damage appraisal and insect monitoring techniques are discussed. Finally, the various strategies and tactics to control insects are reviewed. Key words: conifer seed orchards, cone insects, seed insects, pest management strategies, integrated pest management
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22

Böckmann, Elias A., Thomas Kersting, and Heidrun Vogt. "Rechnergesteuerte Video- Beobachtung bei ausschließlicher Verwendung von Freeware-Programmen zur Untersuchung des Verhaltens von Kerbtieren, speziell von Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Entomologia Generalis 34, no. 1-2 (November 29, 2012): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/34/2012/23.

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23

Ellis, K. A., G. A. Surgeoner, and C. R. Ellis. "VERSATILE PROGRAM FOR GENERATING INSECT LABELS ON AN IBM-PC MICROCOMPUTER." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 11 (November 1985): 1447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1171447-11.

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Kissinger (1982) published the first program for producing labels on a microcomputer. This program was limited in that it allowed only 3 lines of labels, worked only on a printer connected to LPTI: (parallel port), had no print options, and restricted the number of characters per label. The program described here is written in BASIC for the IBM-PC microcomputer. It has none of the above restrictions and is more versatile. The program is self-activating with AUTOEXEC to an opening menu with 12 options. Each option is called by number and the user follows a series of explicit, on-screen prompts.
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24

Kemble, Joseph M., Goeff W. Zehnder, W. Robert Goodman, Mahefatiana Andrianifahanana, Ellen M. Bauske, Edward J. Sikora, and John F. Murphy. "Using On-farm Demonstrations to Promote Integrated Pest Management Practices in Tomato Production." HortTechnology 12, no. 3 (January 2002): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.485.

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The Alabama Tomato Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program was demonstrated during two growing seasons in southeastern Alabama. The program consisted of a twice-a-week insect/disease scouting service combined with a weather-timed spray program (TOM-CAST). On average, growers made four fewer insecticide applications and three to four fewer fungicide applications when following the IPM program compared to their conventional, calendar-based program. There was no apparent reduction in yield when following the IPM program. An economic analysis indicated that growers following the IPM program saved an average of $54.36/acre ($134.32/ha).
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Wang, Hong, Chong Jin, Xiao Zhou Xia, and Zhong Ping Wang. "Numerical Analysis Programming on the Concrete Elastic-Plastic Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1268.

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Using arc-length method, the progress of solving nonlinear function is discussed for designing new numerical analyzing tool, and the frame of programming based on nonlinear method is compiled. The results from completely restricted modeling show convex deformation and the damage on oblique section. And with the concrete elastic-plastic constitutive used in numerical simulation including add uninstall, typical engineering examples inspect reliability of the elastic-plastic numerical analysis program. This provides the basis and guidance for the future of the specific program design.
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Aldawood, Abdulrahman, Ibrahim Alshahwan, Abdullah Al-Sadon, Abdulrahman Al-Azba, Omar Abdalla, Alshamy Adam, and Ali Almasrahy. "DESIGNING AN INTEGRATED COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VEGETABLE INSECT, NON INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS." Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2010.14675.

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Fujimori, Satomi, Suchinda Jarupat Maruo, Toshiaki Watanabe, Naoya Taki, Fumihito Sasamori, Kazuki Kobayashi, Hisaki Akasaki, et al. "Effectiveness of a Japanese-style health program in Minowa Town, Matsumoto city and Nagano city, Japan." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 13, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2020-0002.

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Purpose This study aims to establish a Japanese-style healthcare program customized for Japan and Asia under ISO 9001: 2008 (ISO: International Organization for Standardization) to improve problem areas and to inspect the effectiveness of the program. Furthermore, the authors wanted to create this health program using the ISO widely available in Asian countries and make an international contribution. Design/methodology/approach The authors implemented a 6- to 10-month health program in Minowa Town, Matsumoto City and Nagano City in Japan. This study assessed findings from pedometric, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and physical fitness, blood chemistry and brain function tests. Findings The comparisons were made by examining the interaction effects between groups of participants. Groups from three regions in Japan showed significant differences on the physical fitness tests; regarding the 10-meter obstacle walk, the results of the Minowa participants showed the greatest improvement and the Matsumoto participants showed the second greatest improvement. In the six-min walk, the time of the Minowa participants significantly improved. Research limitations/implications This health education program, which has been conducted by the Japanese authors since 1998, measures anthropometry, brain function and physical fitness and performs blood tests before and after the program and it measures energy consumption with a pedometer during the program. With the aim of improving exercise via encouragement from friends and a sense of community with fellow participants, participants learn together with hands-on training in tai chi and aerobics about the importance of ongoing exercise and proper nutrition. This health education met the Health Education ISO in 2014. Practical implications Since 2010, Nagano Prefecture, including Minowa Town, Matsumoto City and Nagano City, where our study was carried out, has been the area with the highest life expectancy rates in Japan. Social implications The authors want to make this health promotion through ISO widely available in Asian countries and an international contribution. Originality/value This study aimed to appropriately establish a Japanese-style healthcare program under the ISO 9001:2008 to improve problem areas and inspect its effectiveness.
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Housman, Ian, Robert Chastain, and Mark Finco. "An Evaluation of Forest Health Insect and Disease Survey Data and Satellite-Based Remote Sensing Forest Change Detection Methods: Case Studies in the United States." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081184.

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The Operational Remote Sensing (ORS) program leverages Landsat and MODIS data to detect forest disturbances across the conterminous United States (CONUS). The ORS program was initiated in 2014 as a collaboration between the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC) and the Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team (FHAAST). The goal of the ORS program is to supplement the Insect and Disease Survey (IDS) and MODIS Real-Time Forest Disturbance (RTFD) programs with imagery-derived forest disturbance data that can be used to augment traditional IDS data. We developed three algorithms and produced ORS forest change products using both Landsat and MODIS data. These were assessed over Southern New England and the Rio Grande National Forest. Reference data were acquired using TimeSync to conduct an independent accuracy assessment of IDS, RTFD, and ORS products. Overall accuracy for all products ranged from 71.63% to 92.55% in the Southern New England study area and 63.48% to 79.13% in the Rio Grande National Forest study area. While the accuracies attained from the assessed products are somewhat low, these results are similar to comparable studies. Although many ORS products met or exceeded the overall accuracy of IDS and RTFD products, the differences were largely statistically insignificant at the 95% confidence interval. This demonstrates the current implementation of ORS is sufficient to provide data to augment IDS data.
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Akiyama, Yoshitake, Kikuo Iwabuchi, Yuji Furukawa, and Keisuke Morishima. "2P552 Reconstruction of Biomechanical Component using Insect Tissue for a Quasi-Living Actuator(53. Bioengineering,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s433_4.

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Mattson, Neil S., Elizabeth M. Lamb, Brian Eshenaur, and John Sanderson. "IPM In-Depth: A New York Model for Hands-on Interactive Greenhouse Workshops." HortTechnology 23, no. 6 (December 2013): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.6.796.

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Growers of greenhouse ornamentals in New York State (NYS) have identified the need for improved diagnosis and management of diseases, insects, and media/fertility problems to reduce crop loss and improve crop quality. With the objective of using an interactive small-group format to encourage active learning of topics, our team developed a hands-on workshop model that we termed integrated pest management (IPM) In-depth. In addition, we wanted to deliver the workshop in several locations around NYS to reach growers who traditionally have not attended on-campus programs. Each program consisted of three modules focusing on an insect, disease, or plant culture topic. Participants were divided into small groups that rotated through the areas. From 2009 to 2013, we present 20 In-depth workshops in 14 NYS counties reaching 309 attendees. The project succeeded in its intent to reach growers who had limited access to previous IPM programming; 59% of attendees had not previously attended any type of IPM programming. The majority of attendees (66%) reported that they had learned information they intended to implement at their operations. Additional impacts and challenges of offering this hands-on program are discussed.
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Ernawan, Beni, and Hadian Iman Sasmita. "An Initiative the Used of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) To Control Filariasis in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi 13, no. 1 (December 16, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2017.13.1.3920.

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Filariasis as part of the neglected tropical disease is one of the health problems in the world. Filariasis divided into onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. This disease caused by filarial nematode parasites Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Filariasis transmitted by several mosquito genera as the vector. Indonesia as endemic filariasis, agreed on plays a role on World Health Organization (WHO) global filariasis elimination in 2020. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential method which can be applied to filariasis elimination program by controlling the mosquito population. Basic principles of SIT involve mass rearing of species target, sterilization process using gamma-rays and releasing sterile male insect into a target area. SIT combined with other methods under one management as Area-wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to increasing effectiveness and successful filariasis elimination program in Indonesia. Filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has several challenges and needed public participation to achieve program goals.
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ZAGORSKI, JESSICA, GUSTAVO A. REYES, MATTHEW J. STASIEWICZ, and MELISSA PFLUGH PRESCOTT. "Using Qualitative Interviews to Better Understand Differences in How Local Health Departments Inspect School Share Tables." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 10 (May 28, 2021): 1664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-054.

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ABSTRACT Environmental and health advocates are increasingly promoting food donations to reduce landfilled food waste and feed hungry people. Share tables are locations where students can put unwanted school food or beverage items, allowing their uneaten food items to be “shared” with other students and providing food donation opportunities for the 4.9 billion lunches served annually in the U.S. National School Lunch Program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify differences in health inspector interpretations of the Food Code as it relates to share table operations and risk mitigation techniques preferred by inspectors for preventing foodborne illness from recovered food. A snowball sampling technique was used to identify Illinois health inspectors (n = 13) engaged in share table inspections. Telephone interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded using a hybrid process of deductive and inductive content analysis. Participants considered contamination, rather than temperature abuse, to be the primary risk factor for foodborne illness. Those participants with permissive Food Code interpretations considered contamination risk in the context of the overall school environment. Participants had the lowest degree of consensus on whether to allow whole apple recovery via a share table. Participants also lacked consensus on reuse of unclaimed share table items in future meal programs (reservice). This lack of consensus indicates that further research is needed to develop data-driven strategies to assess and manage the microbial risks associated with share tables and ultimately to facilitate increased food recovery. HIGHLIGHTS
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Dunwell, Winston C. "SERA-IEG-27: Nursery Crop and Landscape Systems; Plant Evaluation Program." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 567A—567. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.567a.

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SERA-IEG-27, Southern Extension and Research Activities–Information Exchange Group–27, is sponsored by the Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Thirteen states cooperate with Official Representatives from Extension and Research programs. The objective of the group is to identify, evaluate, select, and disseminate information on superior environmentally sustainable landscape plants for nursery crop production and landscape systems in the Southeast. Plants are distributed to those responding to a request for plant evaluation cooperation. Those that agree to cooperate are expected to grow a liner to landscape size, plant it in an landscape setting and evaluate the plant (numerically, a scale of 1–10 for insect damage, disease damage, cold damage, heat stress, growth rate, flower, fruit, fall color, production potential, landscape potential, invasive potential, and insect disease transmission potential, as well as plant height and width and time/duration of bloom). Following evaluation the group is to collectively and individually disseminate information gained from the plant evaluation system to a wide variety of audiences.
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Cruz, da, Rangel Henriques, and João Varanda. "Constructing program animations using a pattern based approach." Computer Science and Information Systems 4, no. 2 (2007): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis0702097c.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss how our pattern-based strategy for the visualization of data and control flow can effectively be used to animate the program and exhibit its behavior. That result allows us to propose its use for Program Comprehension. The animator uses well known compiler techniques to inspect the source code in order to extract the necessary information to visualize it and understand program execution. We convert the source program into an internal decorated (or attributed) abstract syntax tree and then we visualize the structure by traversing it, and applying visualization rules at each node according to a pre-defined rule-base. In order to calculate the next step in the program execution, a set of rewriting rules are applied to the tree. The visualization of this new tree is shown and the program animation is constructed using an iterative process. No changes are made in the source code, and the execution is simulated step by step. Several examples of visualization are shown to illustrate the approach and support our idea of applying it in the context of a Program Comprehension environment.
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Bae, Sung-Min, Tae-Young Shin, Young Soon Jun, and Soo-Dong Woo. "Positive affect of insect-mediated mental healthcare program to adolescent's emotions." International Journal of Industrial Entomology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2015.31.2.90.

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Stanley, David, Eric Haas, and Jon Miller. "Eicosanoids: Exploiting Insect Immunity to Improve Biological Control Programs." Insects 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2012): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects3020492.

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Hirth, Frank, and Heinrich Reichert. "Conserved genetic programs in insect and mammalian brain development." BioEssays 21, no. 8 (July 29, 1999): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199908)21:8<677::aid-bies7>3.0.co;2-8.

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38

Douce, G. Keith, Robert D. Hamilton, and Gary L. Clement. "1992 Gypsy Moth Programs in the Southeast." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.3.381.

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The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), has been one of the most destructive hardwood forest insect pests in the northeastern U.S. since it was accidentally introduced in the late 1860's. The U. S. range of the insect has expanded annually by a few kilometers through natural spread. However, gypsy moth range expansion has been greatly mitigated by accidental transport of life stages on recreational and commercial vehicles and on outdoor household articles. They gypsy moth is one of two forest insects that are under Federal Domestic Quarantine enacted in 1912. Since the late 1800's Federal, State, and local governments have worked cooperatively in trying to eradicate, suppress, and/or control gypsy moth populations. Thousands of worker-hours and millions of dollars are expended annually on these cooperative projects. Although the goals of these projects are developed and implemented cooperatively, comprehensive summarizations of these efforts are limited. This study was designed to summarize and document the results of the 1992 cooperative gypsy moth survey projects in eight states that comprise the USDA-APHIS-PPQ southeastern region.
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Robinson, Terence L., and William C. Johnson. "667 Apple Rootstocks for the Next Century." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 563B—563. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.563b.

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Rootstock breeding programs in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Japan have all released apple rootstocks in the recent past that are potentially important to the worldwide apple industry in the next century. Several of these programs are continuing to breed new rootstocks. Each program has focused on different breeding objectives, thus giving a wide range of horticultural characteristics among this new group of rootstocks. All programs have focused on the horticulturally important traits of productivity, dwarfing and precocity but certain programs have also emphasized other characteristics such as propagability, stress tolerance, disease resistance or insect resistance. Commercialization of this new group of rootstocks is proceeding at an extremely fast pace due to the worldwide networking of fruit tree nursery companies and the use of plant patents. This presents a large job for research and extension personnel to properly test rootstocks for adaptability to different growing areas before they are planted on a large scale. The national rootstock testing project (NC-140) composed of researchers from most apple growing states and provinces in the U.S. and Canada is collecting rootstocks from around the world and conducting uniform field trials that give performance data from a wide variety of climates and soils. This information becomes the basis for local rootstock recommendations in North America. This presentation reviews the most promising rootstocks from around the world and summarize the research information from North American and worldwide trials.
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Norin, Torbjörn. "Semiochemicals for insect pest management." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 12 (January 1, 2007): 2129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779122129.

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Methods for crop protection based on semiochemicals show advantages over methods based on conventional insecticides. Applications of semiochemicals for insect pest management have, however, been limited. Some recent studies carried out in an interdisciplinary research program by five research groups in Sweden are presented. In spite of the chemodiversity in nature, it is striking that many simple and common compounds are important as chemical signals. This paper focuses on some examples of such simple signals, which are now used for monitoring and suppression of pest insects.
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Lindstrom, Jon T., James Robbins, Gerald Klingaman, Scott Starr, and Janet Carlson. "The University of Arkansas Plant Evaluation Program." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 564A—564. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.564a.

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The Univ. of Arkansas initiated a statewide plant evaluation program in 1999. This trial will enable us to evaluate plants on a statewide basis, improve statewide marketing programs, and serve as a propagation source for nonpatented or non-trademarked material. Trees and shrubs will be evaluated for 5 years and herbaceous material for 3 years. Three test sites were established across the state, one in Fayetteville, Little Rock, and Hope, Ark. These sites correspond to the three USDA plant hardiness zones found in Arkansas (Zones 6, 7, and 8). A consistent planting protocol (e.g., distance between plants, irrigation system, bed width) is used at all three locations. Data collection consists of annual growth measurements and qualitative evaluations for factors such as time of flowering, length of flowering, and disease or insect problems. A standard protocol has been established for identifying future plants to be evaluated in the program. In the first year, 17 accessions were planted at each of the three different locations. Best plant growth on 15 of the 17 accessions occurred at the Little Rock site. This may be a reflection of the environment present at the sites in Hope and Fayetteville. Both of these sites are exposed, full-sun situations, whereas the Little Rock site receives some afternoon shade. Reception to this trial program has been favorable, with the Little Rock site gaining much attention from the Arkansas nursery industry.
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Morrison, William, Alexander Bruce, Rachel Wilkins, Chloe Albin, and Frank Arthur. "Sanitation Improves Stored Product Insect Pest Management." Insects 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10030077.

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There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products throughout the post-harvest supply chain. While good sanitation programs are generally thought to reduce the abundance and diversity of insects, there has been less appreciation of the manifold ways that sanitation interacts with a range of other IPM tactics to modulate their efficacy. Here, we review the literature on how the effectiveness of chemical, physical/cultural, biological, and behaviorally-based control tactics varies with changes in sanitation. In addition, we discuss how sanitation may affect ongoing pheromone- and kairomone-based monitoring programs. Where possible, we quantitatively compile and analyze the impact of sanitation on the fold-change in the efficacy of IPM tactics. We found that decreased sanitation negatively affected the efficacy of most tactics examined, with a mean 1.3–17-fold decrease in efficacy under poorer sanitation compared to better sanitation. Sanitation had neutral or mixed impacts on a few tactics as well. Overall, the literature suggests that sanitation should be of the utmost importance for food facility managers concerned about the efficacy of a wide range of management tactics.
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Brown, G. R., J. Hartman, R. Bessin, T. Jones, and J. Strang. "IMPLEMENTING IPM IN KENTUCKY COMMERCIAL APPLE ORCHARDS." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 275G—275. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.275g.

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Apple growers would like to use pesticides efficiently and diminish concerns about food safety and pesticide usage. The 1992 Apple IPM Program objectives were: 1) to demonstrate the application of Integrated Pest Management practices in commercial orchards and, 2) to provide the training and support needed to help these growers become self sufficient in IPM practices. Grower training meetings and regular scouting of the orchards were the primary educational methods. End-of-the-season evaluations of past and disease incidence were made. Except for Frogeye Leaf Spot, there were no significant differences in insect pest, disease levels or in fruit quality attributes in IPM versus standard blocks. The IPM blocks had significantly more mite incidence. Growers did produce commercially acceptable crops using IPM based decisions while reducing the average past control cost by $56 par acre. Educational programs did help growers to be more proficient in making IPM based decisions.
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Tolman, J. H., D. G. R. McLeod, and C. R. Harris. "Cost of crop losses in processing tomato and cabbage in southwestern Ontario due to insects, weeds and/or diseases." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-002.

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The relative importance of insects, weeds and diseases to yield losses in processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) was measured by comparing yields in the presence and absence of appropriate control programs. In the absence of any pest control, average crop losses exceeded 80% in both crops. Average yield losses due to weeds alone approached 80% in processing tomato and 60% in cabbage. Insects alone did not significantly reduce yield of processing tomato in either year. In the absence of insect control, significant yield loss in cabbage approached 50% in only one year. When diseases were not controlled, yield of processing tomato declined significantly by nearly 30% in one trial. Failure to control disease had no significant impact on cabbage yield in this study. Monetary losses and costs of each management program were calculated. Key words: Tomato, cabbage, yield loss, insects, weeds, diseases
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Markvardsen, Anders J., Kreecha Puphaiboon, Mohammad Arjeneh, Kenneth Shankland, Hannah L. Guest, Thomas A. N. Griffin, Daniel R. Badham, and Damian W. Flannery. "Jpowder: a Java-based program for the display and examination of powder diffraction data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 6 (October 29, 2010): 1532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810041543.

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The ability to display and inspect powder diffraction data quickly and efficiently is a central part of the data analysis process. Whilst many computer programs are capable of displaying powder data, their focus is typically on advanced operations such as structure solution or Rietveld refinement. This article describes a lightweight software package,Jpowder, whose focus is fast and convenient visualization and comparison of powder data sets in a variety of formats from computers with network access.Jpowderis written in Java and uses its associated Web Start technology to allow `single-click deployment' from a web page, http://www.jpowder.org.Jpowderis open source, free and available for use by anyone.
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Sun, Tianyu, and Wensheng Yu. "A Formal Verification Framework for Security Issues of Blockchain Smart Contracts." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020255.

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Blockchain technology has attracted more and more attention from academia and industry recently. Ethereum, which uses blockchain technology, is a distributed computing platform and operating system. Smart contracts are small programs deployed to the Ethereum blockchain for execution. Errors in smart contracts will lead to huge losses. Formal verification can provide a reliable guarantee for the security of blockchain smart contracts. In this paper, the formal method is applied to inspect the security issues of smart contracts. We summarize five kinds of security issues in smart contracts and present formal verification methods for these issues, thus establishing a formal verification framework that can effectively verify the security vulnerabilities of smart contracts. Furthermore, we present a complete formal verification of the Binance Coin (BNB) contract. It shows how to formally verify the above security issues based on the formal verification framework in a specific smart contract. All the proofs are checked formally using the Coq proof assistant in which contract model and specification are formalized. The formal work of this paper has a variety of essential applications, such as the verification of blockchain smart contracts, program verification, and the formal establishment of mathematical and computer theoretical foundations.
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Silva, Ana Carolina Araújo, Danúbia Domingos Epifânio, Mariana Linhares Pereira, and Farah Maria Drumond Chequer. "The poison is on the table: an analysis of the pesticides present in the food of Brazilians." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 14, 2021): e95101220085. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20085.

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Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides. To monitor the quality of food sold in the country, the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food (Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos - PARA) was created, responsible for carrying out analyzes of these foods and providing annual reports. The objective of this study was to carry out a survey of the information contained in these reports on the residues of pesticides found on unsatisfactory samples (unauthorized pesticides and/or above the permitted limit). This is a descriptive documentary study, based on the reports available (2001 to 2018). Information was collected on the pesticides that most appeared among the samples considered unsatisfactory and their possible damage to human health. Strawberries, bell peppers, and cucumbers presented the largest numbers of samples unsatisfactory, mostly because of the presence of pesticides unauthorized. The pesticides that have been repeated the most irregularly were chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, acefate and metamidophos, the latter has been banned since 2011 in Brazil. Evidence show that such pesticides are toxic to the human organism. Measures are needed to better control and inspect food and pesticides sold in Brazil, also raise awareness among the population and rural producers.
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Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla, Ange Irénée Toé, Sié Hermann Pooda, Kiswendsida Mikhailou Dera, Abdou Salam Belem, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Gisèle Marie Sophie Ouedraogo/Sanou, et al. "Optimizing the feeding frequency to maximize the production of sterile males in tsetse mass-rearing colonies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245503.

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Tsetse flies are cyclical vectors of trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness or Human African Trypanosomosis and nagana or African Animal Trypanosomosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso (IBD) was created and equipped in the frame of Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) with the main goal to provide sterile males for the different eradication programs in West Africa which is already the case with the ongoing eradication program in Senegal. The aim of this study was to identify the best feeding regime in mass-rearing colonies of Glossina palpalis gambiensis to optimize the yield of sterile males. We investigated the mortality and fecundity for various feeding regimes and day alternation (3×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday-Saturday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Thursday-Friday and 6×: all days except Sunday) on adult tsetse flies in routine rearing over 60 days after emergence. The day alternation in the 4 blood meals per week (feeding regimes 2 and 3) had no effect on tsetse fly mortality and fecundity. The best feeding regime was the regime of 4 blood meals per week which resulted in higher significant fecundity (PPIF = 2.5; P = 0.003) combined with lower mortality of females (P = 0.0003) than the 3 blood meals per week (PPIF = 2.0) and in similar fecundity (PPIF = 2.6; P = 0.70) and mortality (P = 0.51) than the 6 blood meals per week. This feeding regime was extended to the whole colonies, resulting in an improved yield of sterile males for the ongoing eradication program in Senegal and would be more cost-effective for the implementation of the next-coming sterile insect technique (SIT) programs in West Africa.
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Johnson, Melissa A., Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Diaz, Nicholas C. Manoukis, and Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues. "Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei), a Global Pest of Coffee: Perspectives from Historical and Recent Invasions, and Future Priorities." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120882.

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Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), CBB) has invaded nearly every coffee-producing country in the world, and it is commonly recognized as the most damaging insect pest of coffee. While research has been conducted on this pest in individual coffee-growing regions, new insights may be gained by comparing and contrasting patterns of invasion and response across its global distribution. In this review, we explore the existing literature and focus on common themes in the invasion biology of CBB by examining (1) how it was introduced into each particular region and the response to its invasion, (2) flight activity and infestation patterns, (3) economic impacts, and (4) management strategies. We highlight research conducted over the last ten years in Hawaii as a case study for the development and implementation of an effective integrated pest management (IPM) program for CBB, and also discuss biosecurity issues contributing to incursion and establishment. Potential areas for future research in each of the five major components of CBB IPM (monitoring and sampling, cultural, biological, chemical, and physical controls) are also presented. Finally, we emphasize that outreach efforts are crucial to the successful implementation of CBB IPM programs. Future research programs should strive to include coffee growers as much as possible to ensure that management options are feasible and cost-effective.
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Bahagiawati, Bahagiawati. "Plot Refugi untuk Pengelolaan Resistensi Hama terhadap Tanaman Transgenik Bt." Jurnal AgroBiogen 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v7n2.2011.p128-137.

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<p>Refugea Plot as Insect Resistance Management in<br />Transgenic Bt Crops. Bahagiawati. The objective of this<br />review is to share information on several cases of target<br />insects became resistance to transgenic-Bt crops in the field<br />and the refuge strategy used to manage this problem. Bt<br />corn and Bt cotton have been planted widely for several<br />years globally. One of the risks of planting transgenic Bt crop<br />is the ability of the target insects adapted to the Bt protein<br />and caused the resistance breakdown the transgenic Bt<br />plants. This phenomenon was hypothesized in early 1990s<br />based on the cases of several insects resistance to microbial<br />Bt sprayed in laboratories and in the field. The mode of<br />action of the pest resistance to Bt-toxin have been studied in<br />several laboratories. In USA, to avoid the target insect<br />resistance to transgenic Bt crops, a program called Insect<br />Resistance Management (IRM) has been applied since 2001<br />for farmers growing Bt crops. Lately, there have been some<br />reports of target insects became resistance to cry1F, cry1Ab,<br />and cry1Ac in transgenic Bt crops. A report informed about<br />the resistance of target insect in Puerto Rico was published<br />in 2006, and so in South Africa in 2006/2007, and the last one<br />in India in 2009. To avoid target’s insect become resistance<br />to Bt crops, a program called structural IRM and unstructural<br />IRM were introduced and applied in several<br />countries. One of the components of IRM is planting refuge<br />plot, a plot that planting with isogenic line of Bt crops in/near<br />by the area of Bt crops. This review will discuss about the<br />cases of target insect became resistance to Bt crops in the<br />field, mode of action of insect resistance to Bt, the model of<br />IRM program in USA and the Philippines and finally the<br />recommendation for Indonesia to prepare its IRM program<br />for implementing Bt crops.</p>
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