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Tyas, Dearica Sunaryaning, Oni Bagus Januarto, and Gema Fitriady. "PENGARUH LATIHAN PLYOMETRIC DEPTH JUMP DAN RIM JUMPS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN POWER OTOT TUNGKAI PESERTA PUTRA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLABASKET SMP NEGERI 3 MALANG." Gelanggang Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um040v3i2p156-167.
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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan plyometric depth jump, pengaruh latihan plyometric rim jumps, serta mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan power otot tungkai antara latihan plyometric depth jump dan rim jumps pada peserta putra ekstrakurikuler bolabasket di SMP Negeri 3 Malang. Metode penelitian menggunakan The Static Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Total subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 peserta tim putra ekstrakurikuler bolabasket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan pengaruh pemberian program latihan plyometric depth jump dan plyometric rim jumps terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai peserta tim putra ekstrakurikuler bolabasket SMP Negeri 3 Malang, serta dari kedua pemberian program latihan tersebut program latihan plyometric depth jump lebih baik dalam upaya peningkatan power otot tungkai peserta tim putra ekstrakuerikuler bolabasket SMP Negeri 3 Malang.
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Gherghel, Anamaria, Dana Badau, Adela Badau, Liviu Moraru, Gabriel Marian Manolache, Bogdan Marian Oancea, Corina Tifrea, Virgil Tudor, and Raluca Maria Costache. "Optimizing the Explosive Force of the Elite Level Football-Tennis Players through Plyometric and Specific Exercises." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158228.
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The aim of the research was to implement an athletic program to improve the explosive force in order to optimize physical fitness at the level of elite football-tennis players and evaluate the progress made through specific tests using the Opto Jump. The research included 10 elite European and world-class players, on whom an experimental program was applied in order to improve the explosive force of the limbs in conditions of speed, endurance, and dynamic balance. Study tests: five vertical jumps on the spot, on the left/right leg; five back and forth jumps on the left/right leg; five left/right side jumps on the left/right leg; vertical jumps on both legs 60 s; BFS vertical jumps. For each test, the following parameters specific to the explosive force were statistically analyzed: contact time (s); flight time (s); jump height (cm), jump power (w/kg); RSI—Reactive Strength Index, defined as Height (m/s). In the study, the average value of the parameters specific to the jumps performed in each test was taken into account. During the study, the tests were performed and processed on the Opto Jump device and software. In all tests of the experiment monitored through Opto Jump, significant progress was made in the final test compared to the initial one, which demonstrates the efficiency of the physical training program implemented for the development of explosive force, with an impact on the sports performance of elite players. The most relevant results obtained for the left leg regarding the improvement of the explosive force of the lower limbs materialized in the jump height parameter was in the test of five vertical jumps on one leg on the spot, and for the right leg in the tests of: five back and forth jumps and five left/right side jumps. The most significant advances in the study were in the tests, in descending order of their weight: 60 s vertical jumps on both legs; five back-and-forth jumps and five left/right side jumps, five vertical jumps on one leg standing, and BFS vertical jumps.
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Jurado-Lavanant, A., J. Alvero-Cruz, F. Pareja-Blanco, C. Melero-Romero, D. Rodríguez-Rosell, and J. Fernandez-Garcia. "The Effects of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Repeated Jumps, Drop Jumps and Muscle Damage." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 10 (September 22, 2015): 764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398574.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of land- vs. aquatic based plyometric training programs on the drop jump, repeated jump performance and muscle damage. Sixty-five male students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: aquatic plyometric training group (APT), plyometric training group (PT) and control group (CG). Both experimental groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks performing the same number of sets and total jumps. The following variables were measured prior to, halfway through and after the training programs: creatine kinase (CK) concentration, maximal height during a drop jump from the height of 30 (DJ30) and 50 cm (DJ50), and mean height during a repeated vertical jump test (RJ). The training program resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01–0.001) in RJ, DJ30, and DJ50 for PT, whereas neither APT nor CG reached any significant improvement APT showed likely/possibly improvements on DJ30 and DJ50, respectively. Greater intra-group Effect Size in CK was found for PT when compared to APT. In conclusion, although APT seems to be a safe alternative method for reducing the stress produced on the musculoskeletal system by plyometric training, PT produced greater gains on reactive jumps performance than APT.
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Mackala, Krzysztof, Marek Fostiak, Brian Schweyen, Tadeusz Osik, and Milan Coch. "Acute Effects of a Speed Training Program on Sprinting Step Kinematics and Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173138.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of speed training on sprint step kinematics and performance in male sprinters. Two groups of seven elite (best 100-m time: 10.37 ± 0.04 s) and seven sub-elite (best 100-m time: 10.71 ± 0.15 s) sprinters were recruited. Sprint performance was assessed in the 20 m (flying start), 40 m (standing start), and 60 m (starting block start). Step kinematics were extracted from the first nine running steps of the 20-m sprint using the Opto-Jump–Microgate system. Explosive power was quantified by performing the CMJ, standing long jump, standing triple jump, and standing five jumps. Significant post-test improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in both groups of sprinters. Performance improved by 0.11 s (elite) and 0.06 s (sub-elite) in the 20-m flying start and by 0.06 s (elite) and 0.08 s (sub-elite) in the 60-m start block start. Strong post-test correlations were observed between 60-m block start performance and standing five jumps (SFJ) in the elite group and between 20-m flying start and 40-m standing start performance and standing long jump (SLJ) and standing triple jump (STJ) in the sub-elite group. Speed training (ST) shows potential in the reduction of step variability and as an effective short-term intervention program in the improvement of sprint performance.
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Atli, Ahmet, and Ali Furkan Yarar. "Kinematic Analysis of Vertical Jump Performances Before and After Fatigue in Basketball Players." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572226.
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Background and Study Aim: This single group pre- and post-test study aimed to examine kinematic changes in vertical jump performances before and after fatigue in basketball players. Material and Method: Ten male university student (age 23.28±1.31 years, height 181.17±6.87 cm, body weight 74.53±9.27 kg) basketball players voluntarily participated in the study. Vertical jump test was performed twice, once before fatigue and again after fatigue, and jump measurements were recorded with 2 cameras capable of shooting 240 frames per second. The vertical jumps were measured using a Smart Speed device. The recorded measurements were analyzed using a biomechanical analysis program, and the results were analyzed statistically. Each participant performed 5 resting jumps on the jump mat after warm-up, and the highest height reached was determined as the jump height. Next, the protocol for inducing fatigue was initiated without a period of rest, and the participants were asked to sprint 6x10 m, following which vertical jumps were performed 5 times without any break. The maximum value of each parameter obtained from among the 5 vertical jumps was used for analysis. The protocol for inducing fatigue was followed until the post-fatigue vertical jump parameter values were below 70% of the maximum values recorded before fatigue. Pre- and post-fatigue jump parameter values were statistically analyzed using the paired samples t-test. Results and Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were observed in knee flexion angle measurements before and after fatigue as well as in jump height measurements before and after fatigue (p<0.05). Therefore, it is believed that fatigue may be associated with a risk of knee joint injury in basketball players. Keywords: Kinematic Analysis, Vertical Jump, Performance, Fatigue, Basketball Players
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Tian, Guie. "Automatic Program of Gravity tide Pre-processing." MATEC Web of Conferences 267 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926701007.
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In order to improve efficiency of pre-processing gravity observations, the theoretical tides are simulated on the basis of the foregone tidal parameters, and the simulating gravity observations are obtained by combining the local atmospheric gravity, the pole gravity and the length of day gravity. Based on the gravity observations, repairs the abnormal data such as jumps, steps and spikes in gravity observations. In this paper, the software FTsoft, which can automatically identify and repair data such as jumps, steps and spikes and other abnormal data, is designed and implemented on the Matlab platform, which improves the work efficiency. Comparing the results of treatment with FTsoft and Tsoft, it is found that the standard deviation of the result of Ftsoft is smaller than Tsoft, it further proved that Ftsoft is a effective method of pre-processing gravity tides.
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Abdel-Gawad, Sameh M., and John A. McCorquodale. "Analysis of the submerged radial hydraulic jump." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-067.
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Most of the research work on hydraulic jumps has dealt with their macroscopic behaviour. The important parameters in these studies were the sequent depth ratio and the jump length required for stilling basin design. Unfortunately, the internal flow in submerged radial hydraulic jumps has received very little attention. A complete mathematical model of the internal flow would permit the modeller to assess the possible scale effects in a physical model and to better estimate the cavitation potential.This study treats the internal flow characteristics of the submerged radial hydraulic jumps under different submergence and operating conditions. A numerical model based on the strip integral method is used to solve the governing momentum and continuity equations. The numerical technique uses velocity shape functions to permit the partial integration of the equations of motion. A Gaussian velocity distribution is used in the mixing zone and the power law is used in the inner layer. The model predicts the velocity distribution, water surface profile, decay of the maximum velocity, variation of the surface velocity, sequent depth ratio, jump length, and energy loss.A comprehensive experimental program was conducted in an expanding Plexiglas flume with a total angle of divergence of 13.5°. The results were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model predictions also compared well with the results of other studies.
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Krakan, Ivan, Luka Milanovic, and Ivan Belcic. "Effects of Plyometric and Repeated Sprint Training on Physical Performance." Sports 8, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8070091.
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The purpose of study was to resolve the effect of plyometric training and repeated sprint training on physical performance. The study was conducted on 41 subjects in two experimental groups (plyometric/repeated sprints training). Before and after the training program, subjects were subjected to diagnostic procedures that included standard test protocols. Results proved a statistically significant difference only after the plyometric training program compared to the repeated sprint group in countermovement jump (8.65% vs. 2.21%). In variable repeated jumps, an increased value was recorded (2.9% vs. 4.29%), like in sprint variables after the training program where certain trends of progress happened after the repeated sprint ability training and the specificity of the program (5 m = 0.89%, 10 m = 1.07% and 25 m = 1.35%), while plyometric training recorded unchanged values at 5 and 10 m, and a 0.27% improvement at 25 m. Stagnation of the 20-yard test was recorded in both groups. There was no difference between training programs in any variables of functional capacities, with similar measures recorded in repeated sprint ability. After six weeks of both training types, positive changes can be expected in explosive strength of lower extremities, increases in acceleration area, and maximum speed.
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Kashuba, Yuri, and Аlexandra Gorkovenko. "SPECIFICITY OF COMPLETING ACROBATIC JUMPS BY BACHELOR STUDENTS IN THE GENRE "CIRCUS ACROBATICS"." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 5, no. 49 (August 22, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.5(49)2021.3.
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The article analyzes acrobatic jumps in the genre "Circus acrobatics", the discipline "Professional training in the genre − Acrobatics". Indicated their specificity, types, features of implementation, as well as errors that may be present in the learning process for students of the educational degree "Bachelor", specialty 026 Performing arts, educational professional program "Circus genres". Clarified characteristics of jumps, methodology for their implementation. Examples of injury prevention and avoidance of gross professional mistakes are recommended. Key words: circus acrobatics, acrobatics, circus genres, acrobatic jumps, execution technique, vocational training.
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Hotchkiss, Rollin H., Patrick J. Flanagan, and Kevin Donahoo. "Hydraulic Jumps in Broken-Back Culverts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1851, no. 1 (January 2003): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1851-04.
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A broken-back culvert has one or more changes in grade within the prismatic barrel profile. One section of a broken-back culvert is usually steep, with the steep slope contributing to high outlet velocities unless a hydraulic jump forms upstream from the culvert outlet. Predictive equations have been published for a wide range of experimental conditions but still do not describe the hydraulics of a jump as it traverses the steeply sloped section and the most downstream section of a broken-back culvert. A computer program, the Broken-Back Culvert Analysis Program (BCAP), analyzes the hydraulics of circular or box-shaped broken-back culverts and provides a comprehensive design tool for engineers. It predicts whether a hydraulic jump will occur and, if so, where it begins and ends. Analyses are performed for 10 discharges. Outputs include rating curves for headwater and outlet depths and outlet velocity and tabulations of hydraulic parameters for each discharge. The water surface profiles throughout the culvert, except through the hydraulic jump, are computed and are plotted on the screen. Experiments were performed with model culverts to assess the accuracy of the predictive equations in BCAP for headwater depth, the location of a hydraulic jump, and the hydraulic jump length. The predictions for the headwater depth at the culvert inlet matched the experimental observations well, but predictions for hydraulic jump location and length were less satisfactory. BCAP has been used for hundreds of design projects in Nebraska and has been downloaded almost 300 times from at least 22 different states. It is recommended that BCAP be improved as better experimental data become available.
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Miller, N. S., J. E. Taunton, E. C. Rhodes, B. D. Zumbo, and S. Fraser. "EFFECTS OF A 12-WEEK AEROBIC TRAINING PROGRAM UTILIZING KANGOO JUMPS???" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (May 2003): S372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-02068.
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Mlsnová, Gabriela, and Jana Luptáková. "Influence of Plyometrics on Jump Capabilities in Technical and Aesthetical Sports." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 57, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afepuc-2017-0008.
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SummaryThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of plyometric exercises on explosive strength of lower extremities in girls performing of technical and aesthetical sports. Experiment was carried out on three groups; artistic gymnasts (VG, n = 15; age = 12.4 ± 0.7 years), fitness girls (VF, n = 15; age = 13.8 ± 1.9 years) and dancers (VD, n = 15; age = 13.8 ± 2 years). To check, the control group of general population was involved in the study (VK, n = 15; age = 13.9 ± 1.5 years). Following tests on jump ergometer Fitro Jumper were carried out at the beginning and at the end of experimental period: countermovement jump without and with arms swing and 10- second series of repeated vertical jumps. Plyometric program consisted of two plyometric units a week during thirty weeks. The results show that higher improvement in all evaluated tests achieved the group of fitness. In the countermovement jump without arm swing was observed improvement height of the jump 3.4 ± 1.4 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in the countermovement jump with arm swing 5.7 ± 1.5 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in difference of height of the jump between countermovement jump with and without arms swing 2.3 ± 1 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in ten second series of repeated vertical jumps without arms swing in the height of jump 4.2 ± 1.6 cm (p ˂ 0.00001) and in power in active take off phase 8.8 ± 2.2 W.kg-1(p ˂ 0.00001). Based on finding the study and in coherence with data from literature, we can conclude the effect of plyometric exercises was effective in combination with specific-strength training. Jumping ability is limiting factor of sport performance in technical and aesthetical sports and implementation of plyometric exercises to the training is highly recommend. The high level of jump capabilities can improve the quality and technique of performance complex acrobatic elements and dance leaps thereby increasing overall evaluation of performance in selected sports.
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Carvalho, Alberto, Paulo Mourão, and Eduardo Abade. "Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players: a case study." Journal of Human Kinetics 41, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0040.
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AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of a strength training program combined with specific plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump (VJ) height and strength development of lower limbs in elite male handball players. A 12-week program with combined strength and specific plyometric exercises was carried out for 7 weeks. Twelve elite male handball players (age: 21.6 ± 1.73) competing in the Portuguese Major League participated in the study. Besides the anthropometric measurements, several standardized jump tests were applied to assess VJ performance together with the strength development of the lower limbs in an isokinetic setting. No significant changes were found in body circumferences and diameters. Body fat content and fat mass decreased by 16.4 and 15.7% respectively, while lean body mass increased by 2.1%. Despite small significance, there was in fact an increase in squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and 40 consecutive jumps after the training period (6.1, 3.8 and 6.8%, respectively). After the applied protocol, peak torque increased in lower limb extension and flexion in the majority of the movements assessed at 90°s-1. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that combining general strength-training with plyometric exercises can not only increase lower limb strength and improve VJ performance but also reduce body fat content.
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Zaplatynska, Oksana. "The training program in basic gymnastics jumps at the stage of initial training." Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник 48, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2015-4.008.
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Romagnoli, Cristian, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Giorgio Gatta, Naomi Romagnoli, Anas Alashram, Elvira Padua, and Giuseppe Annino. "2D Video Analysis System to Analyze the Performance Model of Figure Roller Skating: A Pilot Study." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049155.
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Figure roller skating is a discipline composed of various movements which involve jumps, artistic figures and spins in a seamless program which has both technical and shapely difficult. A biomechanical analysis of a double salchow was performed using a 2D video analysis of one European and in two Italian roller skaters. On average, the high level (HL) roller skater showed a horizontal velocity of the center of mass higher than the average, especially in the prop stage, whereas the medium level (ML) and low level (LL) athletes reduced their velocity significantly. The spin angular velocity of the ML and LL skaters was always higher than of the HL. This phenomenon would seem to be a compensatory strategy for a lower jump height, with a reduced trunk-thigh angle and less thigh lever arm (coxo-femur/knee joints) during the take-off and landing phases of the double salchow jump.
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Baek, Jaemin, Changmook Kang, and Wonhee Kim. "Practical Approach for Developing Lateral Motion Control of Autonomous Lane Change System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093143.
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In this paper, we present a practical approach to address the vehicle lateral control problem. The proposed method can overcome practical problems associated with vehicle lane changes on highways. The vehicle state with respect to the road, which is called lateral offset, jumps in camera vision sensors when the vehicle changes lanes. Thus, in this study, we solve the state jump problem by translating it into a new domain called the cylinder domain. In addition, we proposed the design of a parameter-varying controller to overcome the nonlinear term of vehicle dynamics by considering it as a varying parameter. The proposed method does not consider the lateral offset jump when changing lanes. Furthermore, its significant advantage in terms of computation time makes it suitable for implementation in low-cost electronic control units (ECUs). The proposed algorithm is validated using MATLAB/Simulink with the vehicle dynamics analysis program CarSim.
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Boloban, V. N., I. A. Tereshchenko, A. P. Otsupok, S. V. Krupenia, Y. O. Kovalenko, and An P. Otsupok. "Perfection of coordination with the help of jump exercises on trampoline." Physical education of students 20, no. 6 (December 12, 2016): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2016.0601.
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Purpose: to work out methodic of sportsmen’s coordination perfection with the help of jumps on trampoline. Material: in the research 259 1st and 2nd year students (age 17-19 years) participated. The students were representatives of game and cyclic kinds of sports, sport gymnastic and martial arts. Among them there were 99 sportsmen with sport degrees. Results: we gave the definition of the term - coordination training. The students’ sensor-motor coordination was confidently improved by means of the worked out methodic realization. The methodic included program of jump exercises on trampoline. We achieved positive dynamic of static-kinetic and static-dynamic balance as well as increased the quality of mastering of exercises with complex coordination. Conclusions: the methodic of sportsmen’s coordination training with the help of jump exercises on trampoline was worked out, considering specificity of kinds of sports and sportsmen’s qualification. This methodic improves sensor-motor coordination and is the basis of technical training and technical fitness.
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Lian, Øystein, Per-Egil Refsnes, Lars Engebretsen, and Roald Bahr. "Performance Characteristics of Volleyball Players with Patellar Tendinopathy." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 3 (March 2003): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310031401.
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Background Patellar tendinopathy is assumed to result from chronic tendon overload. There may be a relationship between tendon pain and jumping ability. Hypothesis There is no difference in performance characteristics between volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy and those without. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Method We examined the performance of the leg extensor apparatus in high-level male volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy (N = 24) compared with a control group (N = 23) without knee symptoms. The testing program consisted of different jump tests with and without added load, and a composite jump score was calculated to reflect overall performance. Results The groups were similar in age, height, and playing experience, but the patellar tendinopathy group did more specific strength training and had greater body weight. They scored significantly higher than the control group on the composite jump score (50.3 versus 39.2), and significant differences were also observed for work done in the drop-jump and average force and power in the standing jumps with half- and full-body weight loads. Conclusions Greater body weight, more weight training, and better jumping performance may increase susceptibility to patellar tendinopathy in volleyball players.
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Weakley, Jonathon, Kevin Till, John Sampson, Harry Banyard, Cedric Leduc, Kyle Wilson, Greg Roe, and Ben Jones. "The Effects of Augmented Feedback on Sprint, Jump, and Strength Adaptations in Rugby Union Players After a 4-Week Training Program." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 9 (October 1, 2019): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0523.
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Purpose: Feedback can enhance acute physical performance. However, its effects on physical adaptation have received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feedback during a 4-wk training program on jump, sprint, and strength adaptations. Methods: A total of 28 semiprofessional male rugby union players were strength-matched into 2 groups (feedback and nonfeedback). During the 4-wk training program, the Feedback group received immediate, objective feedback on (1) mean concentric velocity during resistance training repetitions, (2) distance feedback for standing broad jumps, and (3) time for sprints. The Nonfeedback group was not provided additional information. Across the 4-wk mesocycle, subjects completed 3 strength and conditioning sessions per week. Countermovement jump, standing long jump, 10- and 20-m sprint, and 3-repetition-maximum barbell back squat and bench press were measured before and after the training intervention. Magnitude-based inferences assessed meaningful changes within and between groups. Results: The Feedback group showed small to moderate improvements in outcome measures, whereas the Nonfeedback group demonstrated trivial to small improvements. Improvements in countermovement-jump relative peak power (effect size ± 90% confidence limits: 0.34 ± 0.42), 10-m (0.20 ± 0.35) and 20-m sprints (0.40 ± 0.21), and 3-repetition-maximum back squats (0.23 ± 0.17) were possibly to likely greater for the Feedback condition than for Nonfeedback. Conclusions: Providing augmented feedback during strength and conditioning routines can enhance training adaptations compared with athletes who do not receive feedback. Consequently, practitioners should consider providing kinematic outputs, displacement, or sprint time at the completion of each repetition as athletes train.
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Shodiq, Amirul, Tono Sugihartono, and Ari Sutisyana. "PENGARUH LATIHAN LOMPAT GAWANG DALAM MENINGKATKAN TINGGI LOMPATAN SPIKE PADA PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER DI MAN 2 KOTA BENGKULU." KINESTETIK 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v3i1.8808.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan lompat gawang terhadap tinggi lompatan spike pada permainan bola voli siswa ekstrakurikuler di MAN 2 Kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen dengan desain quasi eksperimen (eksperimen semu). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selisih pretest siswa setelah mengikuti program latihan lompat gawang di atas lapangan sebanyak 16 kali pertemuan dapat menunjukan peningkatan terhadap tinggi lompatan spike siswa. Dengan populasi 30 siswa dan sampel 30 siswa (total sampling). Instrument penelitian ini berupa tes lompatan spike untuk mengetahui tinggi lompatan spike. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t.hasil. Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh thitung =10,321 jika di bandingkan dengan nilai ttabel= 1,696. Maka nilai thitung>ttabel ini berarti ada pengaruh dari latihan lompat gawang terhadap tinggi lompatan spike siswa di MAN 2 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci : Lompat Gawang, tinggi lompatan spike. AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of goal-jump training on high jump spikes on extracurricular volleyball games in MAN 2 City of Bengkulu. The method used is an experimental research method with a quasi-experimental design (quasi-experimental). The results of the study showed that the pretest difference of students after joining the goal-jumping training program on the field as many as 16 meetings can show an increase in the height of the student's jump spike. With a population of 30 students and a sample of 30 students (total sampling). The research instrument was a jump spike test to determine the height of the jump spike. The data analysis technique uses the t-test results. From the results of the study obtained tcount = 10,321 if compared with the value t table = 1,696. Then the value of tcount> t table means that there is an effect of the goal jump training on the high jumps of student spikes in MAN 2 City of Bengkulu.Keywords: Jump goal, high jump spike.
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Hermassi, Souhail, Monoem Haddad, El Ghali Bouhafs, Kevin G. Laudner, and René Schwesig. "Comparison of a Combined Strength and Handball-Specific Training vs. Isolated Strength Training in Handball Players Studying Physical Education." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 33, no. 03 (August 2019): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0919-7267.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of combined resistance training including handball-specific drill (CRT) with resistance training excluding handball-specific drill training (NSDT). Materials and methods Twenty-two male handball players who studied physical education were randomly assigned to two groups: CRT (combined resistance training with sport-specific drill; n = 12) and NSDT (resistance training without any sport-specific drill training; n = 10). Over a 10-week period during the competitive season, the players performed a specific training program twice per week, which replaced their normal team handball training. The CRT regimen consisted of a combined (associated) resistance training and handball-specific drill, whereas the NSDT program consisted of a resistance training without handball-specific drill (dissociated). Pre- and post-test measures included squat jump and countermovement jumps, bench press, back half squats, throwing velocity during a 3-step jump throw, and a jump shot, repeated-sprint ability (six 2 × 15-m shuttle sprints) (RSA), medicine ball throw and anthropometric measurements. Results In both groups, significant intervention effects (d ≥ 1.0) were seen for all sprint (3/3), throwing (3/3) and jump (2/2) measures. Regarding maximal strength parameters, an effect size lower than 0.5 was only detected in the NSDT group for half back squats (d = 0.48). The largest effects were observed in the NSDT group for squat jump (d = 6.20) and medicine ball throw (d = 6.07). Interaction effects (group × time) were found for 50 % (5/10) of parameters. The greatest difference between groups regarding performance development over time was detected for jump shot (interaction effect: η² = 0.748). In contrast, there was no difference in performance development in both groups over time for RSAbest (interaction effect: η² = 0.025). Conclusions The current findings suggest that during the competitive season, 10 weeks of CRT with only two training sessions per week improved numerous measures of athletic performance in handball students of physical education. Such conditioning should be highly recommended as part of the annual training program of handball players.
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Gonzalo-Skok, Oliver, Julio Tous-Fajardo, Carlos Valero-Campo, César Berzosa, Ana Vanessa Bataller, José Luis Arjol-Serrano, Gerard Moras, and Alberto Mendez-Villanueva. "Eccentric-Overload Training in Team-Sport Functional Performance: Constant Bilateral Vertical Versus Variable Unilateral Multidirectional Movements." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 7 (August 2017): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0251.
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Purpose:To analyze the effects of 2 different eccentric-overload training (EOT) programs, using a rotational conical pulley, on functional performance in team-sport players. A traditional movement paradigm (ie, squat) including several sets of 1 bilateral and vertical movement was compared with a novel paradigm including a different exercise in each set of unilateral and multi-directional movements.Methods:Forty-eight amateur or semiprofessional team-sport players were randomly assigned to an EOT program including either the same bilateral vertical (CBV, n = 24) movement (squat) or different unilateral multidirectional (VUMD, n = 24) movements. Training programs consisted of 6 sets of 1 exercise (CBV) or 1 set of 6 exercises (VUMD) × 6–10 repetitions with 3 min of passive recovery between sets and exercises, biweekly for 8 wk. Functional-performance assessment included several change-of-direction (COD) tests, a 25-m linear-sprint test, unilateral multidirectional jumping tests (ie, lateral, horizontal, and vertical), and a bilateral vertical-jump test.Results:Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in all tests in both groups, with VUMD showing more robust adaptations in pooled COD tests and lateral/horizontal jumping, whereas the opposite occurred in CBV respecting linear sprinting and vertical jumping. Between-groups analyses showed substantially better results in lateral jumps (ES = 0.21), left-leg horizontal jump (ES = 0.35), and 10-m COD with right leg (ES = 0.42) in VUMD than in CBV. In contrast, left-leg countermovement jump (ES = 0.26) was possibly better in CBV than in VUMD.Conclusions:Eight weeks of EOT induced substantial improvements in functional-performance tests, although the force-vector application may play a key role to develop different and specific functional adaptations.
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Dukarić, Vedran, Tomislav Rupčić, Li Feng, Vjekoslav Cigrovski, and Damir Knjaz. "DETERMINING ASYMMETRY USING SPECIFIC UNILATERAL TESTS IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS." Sportlogia 16, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5550/sgia.201601.en.drfck.
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Defining the differences between the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg is one of the ways to determine the asymmetry between the extremities and thus the risk of injury. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in specific unilateral tests in young male and female basketball players. The sample consisted of 17 female basketball players (average height 177.96 ± 6.38 cm; average weight 69.53 ± 8.00 kg and age 15.50 ± 0.96 yr.) and 34 male basketball players (average height 194.29 ± 7.52 cm; average weight 83.66 ± 9.66 kg and age 15.40 ± 1.28 yr.) of the cadet and junior national teams. Tests were used to assess the explosive power of the lower extremities: high jump with D and ND leg take-off with arm swing (S_vis_jedn_L; S_vis_jedn_D), basketball two-step with D and ND leg take-off (Dvokorak_L, Dvokorak_D) and Drift protocol consisting of 5 consecutive unilateral jumps in place (Drift_L, Drift_D). The tests S_vis_jedn (p = 0.02) and Dvokorak (p = 0.03) showed statistically significant differences with an error of p˂0.05 in the group of male basketball players. Significant differences were found in female basketball players in the test S_vis_jedn (p = 0.03). In other tests, there are no significant differences between jumps with D and ND leg take-off. The presented results indicate differences between the extremities and represent the basis for the correction of the training plan and program. The methodology in this paper is simple to implement and analyse and is
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Fatahi, Ali Fatahi, Razieh Y. ousefian Molla, and Mitra Ameli. "The Relationship Between Maximum Jump Performance and Force-time Variables of Block Landing Skill in Junior Elite Volleyball Players." Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.11.3.416.2.
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Purpose: Frequent and powerful jumps and landings in volleyball exert significant stresses on lower extremities which can be determinant of injury prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between Maximum Jump (MJ) performance and force-time variables of volleyball block landing. Methods: Thirty elite junior volleyball players (Mean±SD of age: 18.140±1.125 y, sports background: 4.390±0.957 y, and height: 197.100±3.161 cm) performed three block jumps, and best of trials was considered for further analysis. The study data were collected by the KISTLER force platform (1000 Hz). Force-time, velocity-time, and displacement-time were obtained using the Excel program. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for assessing data normality and possible correlations between variables using SPSS v. 21 (P<0.05). Results: Peak vertical impact forces were reported in a range of 1.8-3.5 BW (F1, F2) during 27 to 83 ms of peak times (T1, T2). Significant positive correlations were obtained between temporal variables of time of peaks (T1, T2), the time elapsed between peaks (TP), and end of landing time (Tf). A significant negative correlation was found between F2 and T2 and a significant positive correlation between MJ performance with peak vertical forces (F1, F2). Conclusion: According to the findings, T1 has little impact on shock absorption. Coaches and volleyball players should consider the importance of soft landing through increasing T2, which decreases F2, not only for performance improvement but also for reducing injuries.
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Fuchs, Philip X., Andrea Fusco, Jeffrey W. Bell, Serge P. von Duvillard, Cristina Cortis, and Herbert Wagner. "Effect of Differential Training on Female Volleyball Spike-Jump Technique and Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0488.
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Purpose: To determine the effect of in-season differential training on volleyball spike-jump technique and performance in elite-level female players. Methods: During the season, spike jumps of 12 elite female players (Austrian Volleyball League Women) were recorded by 13 Qualisys Oqus cameras (250 Hz) and an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). First measurement was made at the beginning of the investigation. Two identical measurements were repeated after a first and a second interval. The first interval served as control phase. The second interval was comparable in length and regular program but included differential training (6 wk, 8 sessions of 15–20 min) as a modified warm-up. It addressed specific performance determinants. Analyses of variances were calculated for the 3 measurements and for the development during control and intervention phase. Results: Initial jump height (0.44 [0.09] m) changed by −4.5% during the control phase and +11.9% during the intervention (P < .001, ). All approach variables, arm backswing, and velocity-conversion strategy improved compared with the control phase (Δ%: 6.1–51.2%, P < .05, ). Joint angles, countermovement depth, maximal angular velocities, and torso incline were not affected (Δ%: −2.9–9.1%, P = .066–.969, ). Conclusions: In-season differential training led to technical adaptations and increased spike-jump height in elite female players. The differential training program allowed players to experience a range of adaptability and to adjust toward an individual optimum in technical components of performance determinants. Coaches are encouraged to apply technical differential training to elite athletes and to target biomechanical performance factors specifically.
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Zhu, Kailong, Yuliang Lu, Hui Huang, Lu Yu, and Jiazhen Zhao. "Constructing More Complete Control Flow Graphs Utilizing Directed Gray-Box Fuzzing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031351.
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Control Flow Graphs (CFGs) provide fundamental data for many program analyses, such as malware analysis, vulnerability detection, code similarity analysis, etc. Existing techniques for constructing control flow graphs include static, dynamic, and hybrid analysis, which each having their own advantages and disadvantages. However, due to the difficulty of resolving indirect jump relations, the existing techniques are limited in completeness. In this paper, we propose a practical technique that applies static analysis and dynamic analysis to construct more complete control flow graphs. The main innovation of our approach is to adopt directed gray-box fuzzing (DGF) instead of coverage-based gray-box fuzzing (CGF) used in the existing approach to generate test cases that can exercise indirect jumps. We first employ a static analysis to construct the static CFGs without indirect jump relations. Then, we utilize directed gray-box fuzzing to generate test cases and resolve indirect jump relations by monitoring the execution traces of these test cases. Finally, we combine the static CFGs with indirect jump relations to construct more complete CFGs. In addition, we also propose an iterative feedback mechanism to further improve the completeness of CFGs. We have implemented our technique in a prototype and evaluated it through comparing with the existing approaches on eight benchmarks. The results show that our prototype can resolve more indirect jump relations and construct more complete CFGs than existing approaches.
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Tottori, Nobuaki, Noriteru Morita, Kenji Ueta, and Satoshi Fujita. "Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Executive Function in Children Aged 8–12 Years." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214127.
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This study investigated the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program on both physical fitness and executive functions in children. Fifty-six children aged 8–12 years participated in this study, and were divided into a HIIT group and a control group. The HIIT group performed three sessions of the 8- to 10-min HIIT program per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, 20-m shuttle runs, sit-ups, and standing long jumps were assessed as test of physical fitness. In addition, the executive function was assessed using the digit span forward (DSF) test, digit span backward (DSB) test, and Tower of Hanoi test. Only the HIIT group experienced significant improvement when completing the 20-m shuttle run (p = 0.042) and sit-ups (p < 0.001). Regarding executive function, the number of correct answers in DSB test significantly increased only in the HIIT group (p = 0.003). However, the standing long jump, DSF, and the Tower of Hanoi test performance did not change after intervention. The findings of the present study suggest that HIIT has positive effects on a core executive function such as working memory in addition to components of the physical fitness such as cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular endurance.
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Song, Zhi Chao. "The Design of Activity Record in C Language Compile Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1747.
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Activity record is an important part of the compile process. C-based storage management strategy, the system uses the Eclipse integrated environment in Windows 7 system , using the Java language to implement process activity record analysis and processing of the C language. Program can handle variables stored procedure calls and nested execution jumps, and through vector symbol table to achieve compact build management. By applying stack storage management strategies,the storage activity can be clearly demonstrated.
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Isla, Elena, Blanca Romero-Moraleda, José María Moya, Francisco Esparza-Ros, and Javier Mallo. "Effects of a Neuromuscular Warm-Up Program in Youth Female Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 79, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0080.
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Abstract The protective effects of different warm-up injury prevention routines in youth female soccer players have been demonstrated in the literature, however, there is a paucity of information regarding the effects that these kinds of programs have on soccer-specific physical performance variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program on physical performance in youth female soccer players. Players (age: 13.94 ± 0.82 years) were divided into two groups. One group performed a neuromuscular activation program (n = 21) twice per week whereas the other group (control, n = 17) continued with their habitual warm-up routine for the same duration. Both groups of players performed strength, jumping and balance tests before and after the intervention period. Substantially greater improvements were detected in the mean velocity for the squat (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.95) and the hip thrust (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.51) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. In addition, after the intervention period players in the experimental group showed an increase in the jumping height in the unloaded double-leg and single-leg counter-movement jumps (p = 0.003-0.012; Effect Size = 0.42-0.46). The results of this study provide evidence that a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program can be effective to improve different physical performance variables in youth female soccer players.
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Sarabia, Jose Manuel, Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Casto Juan-Recio, Hector Hernández-Davó, Tomás Urbán, and Manuel Moya. "Mechanical, Hormonal and Psychological Effects of a Non-Failure Short-Term Strength Training Program in Young Tennis Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0009.
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Abstract This study examined the effects of a 6-week non-failure strength training program in youth tennis players. Twenty tennis players (age: 15.0 ± 1 years, body height: 170.9 ± 5.1 cm, body mass: 63.3 ± 9.1 kg) were divided into experimental and control groups. Pre and post-tests included half squats, bench press, squat jumps, countermovementjumps and side-ball throws. Salivary cortisol samples were collected, and the Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used weekly during an anatomical adaptation period, a main training period and after a tapering week. The results showed that, after the main training period, the experimental group significantly improved (p<0.05) in mean and peak power output and in the total number of repetitions during the half-squat endurance test; mean force, power and velocity in the half-squat power output test; Profile of Mood States (in total mood disturbance between the last week of the mean training period and the tapering week); and in squat-jump and countermovement-jump height. Moreover, significant differences were found between the groups at the post-tests in the total number of repetitions, mean and peak power during the half-squat endurance test, mean velocity in the half-squat power output test, salivary cortisol concentration (baselines, first and third week of the mean training period) and in the Profile of Mood States (in fatigue subscale: first and third week of the mean training period). In conclusion, a non-failure strength training protocol improved lower-limb performance levels and produced a moderate psychophysiological impact in youth elite tennis players, suggesting that it is a suitable program to improve strength. Such training protocols do not increase the total training load of tennis players and may be recommended to improve strength.
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Popa, Cristina, Mihai Patachia, Stefan Banita, and Dan Constantin Dumitras. "Exertion in Kangoo Jumps Aerobic: Evaluation and Interpretation Using Spectroscopic Technique Determinations." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602434.
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Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) is growing quickly in its applications to real world problems—one of the problems is to prevent obesity—being a candidate technology for breath analysis applications. The ongoing paper is aiming to investigate the evaluation of oxidative stress in womens practicing Kangoo Jumps (KJ) aerobics. Because it is not possible to directly measure free radicals in the body, we approach that by measuring the by-products (breath ethylene) that result from free radical reactions. We found out that the mixture of exhaled breath in women's after the KJ exercises contains low concentration of ethylene compared to the exhaled breath of the women before the start of exercise program. This result can add valuable information to the contribution to reduce the generation of prooxidants during and after KJ aerobics.
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Sygo, Jennifer, Alicia Kendig Glass, Sophie C. Killer, and Trent Stellingwerff. "Fueling for the Field: Nutrition for Jumps, Throws, and Combined Events." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0272.
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Athletes participating in the athletics (track and field) events of jumps, throws, and combined events (CEs; seven-event heptathlon and 10-event decathlon) engage in training and competition that emphasize speed and explosive movements, requiring optimal power–weight ratios. While these athletes represent a wide range of somatotypes, they share an emphasis on Type IIa and IIx muscle fiber typing. In general, athletes competing in jumps tend to have a lower body mass and may benefit from a higher protein (1.5–1.8 g PRO·kg−1·day−1) and lower carbohydrate (3–6 g CHO·kg−1·day−1) diet. Throwers tend to have a higher body mass, but with considerable differences between events. Their intense, whole-body training program suggests higher PRO requirements (1.5–2.2 g PRO·kg−1·day−1), while CHO needs (per kg) are similar to jumpers. The CE athletes must strike a balance between strength and muscle mass for throws and sprints, while maintaining a low enough body mass to maximize performance in jumps and middle-distance events. CE athletes may benefit from a higher PRO (1.5–2 g PRO·kg−1·day−1) and moderate CHO (5–8 g CHO·kg−1·day−1) diet with good energy availability to support multiple daily training sessions. Since they compete over 2 days, well-rehearsed competition-day fueling and recovery strategies are imperative for CE athletes. Depending on their events’ bioenergetic demands, athletes in throws, jumps, and CE may benefit from the periodized use of ergogenic aids, including creatine, caffeine, and/or beta-alanine. The diverse training demands, physiques, and competitive environments of jumpers, throwers, and CE athletes necessitate nutrition interventions that are periodized throughout the season and tailored to the individual needs of the athlete.
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Reverdin, G., S. Morisset, J. Boutin, N. Martin, M. Sena-Martins, F. Gaillard, P. Blouch, et al. "Validation of Salinity Data from Surface Drifters." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 967–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00158.1.
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Abstract Salinity measurements from 119 surface drifters in 2007–12 were assessed; 80% [Surface Velocity Program with a barometer with a salinity sensor (SVP-BS)] and 75% [SVP with salinity (SVP-S)] of the salinity data were found to be usable, after editing out some spikes. Sudden salinity jumps are found in drifter salinity records that are not always associated with temperature jumps, in particular in the wet tropics. A method is proposed to decide whether and how to correct those jumps, and the uncertainty in the correction applied. Northeast of South America, in a region influenced by the Amazon plume and fresh coastal water, drifter salinity is very variable, but a comparison with data from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite suggests that this variability is usually reasonable. The drifter salinity accuracy is then explored based on comparisons with data from Argo floats and from thermosalinographs (TSGs) of ships of opportunity. SVP-S/SVP-BS drifter records do not usually present significant biases within the first 6 months, but afterward biases sometimes need to be corrected (altogether, 16% of the SVP-BS records). Biases start earlier after 3 months for drifters not protected by antifouling paint. For the few drifters for which large corrections were applied to portions of the record, the accuracy cannot be proven to be better than 0.1 psu, and it cannot be proven to be better than 0.5 psu for data in the largest variability area off northeast South America. Elsewhere, after excluding portions of the records with suspicious salinity jumps or when large corrections were applied, the comparisons rule out average biases in individual drifter salinity record larger than 0.02 psu (midlatitudes) and 0.05 psu (tropics).
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Escobar Álvarez, Juan A., Juan P. Fuentes García, Filipe A. Da Conceição, and Pedro Jiménez-Reyes. "Individualized Training Based on Force–Velocity Profiling During Jumping in Ballet Dancers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0492.
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Purpose: Ballet dancers are required to achieve performance feats such as exciting and dramatic elevations. Dancers with a greater jump height can perform a wider range of skills during their flight time and implement more specific technical skills related to the aesthetic components of a dance choreography. New findings suggest the relationship between force and velocity mechanical capabilities (F-V profile) as an important variable for jumping performance. A new field method based on several series of loaded vertical jumps provides information on the theoretical maximal force, theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal power, and the imbalance between force and velocity (F-VIMB). The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of 9 wk of individualized F-V profile-based training during countermovement jumps (CMJs) in female ballet dancers. Methods: CMJ and mechanical outputs of 46 dancers (age = 18.9 [1.1] y, body mass = 54.8 [6.1] kg, height = 163.7 [8.4] cm) were estimated in a pre–post intervention. The control group (10 participants) continued with the standardized training regimen (no resistance training), whereas the experimental group (36 participants) performed 2 sessions over 9 wk of a training plan based on their F-V profile. Results: The experimental group presented significant differences with large effect sizes in CMJ height (29.3 [3.2] cm vs 33.5 [3.72] cm), theoretical maximal force (24.1 [2.2] N/kg vs 29.9 [2.8] N/kg), and theoretical maximal velocity (4 [0.6] m/s vs 3.2 [0.5] m/s). Significant differences with a very large effect size were found in F-VIMB (43.8% [15.3%] vs 24.9% [8.7%]). Conclusion: A training program addressing F-VIMB is an effective way to improve CMJ height in female ballet dancers.
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Seyhan, Sinan. "Effects of 8-Week Strength Training on the Vertical Jump Performance of the Traceurs." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 8, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v8n2p11.
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The parkour is a physical activity that contains special technique applications and requires a great number of jumps.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week strength training on the jump heights of thetraceurs (parkour practitioners). A total of 12 traceurs, including 6 individuals as the control group and 6 individualsas the strength group, were included in the study. The control group was provided with parkour training sessionstwice a week, and the other group provided with both strength and parkour training sessions twice a week. Eachparticipant's vertical jumps were recorded with the high-speed camera in the validated My Jump 2 application. Themean age of the traceurs control group was 19±.89 years, 173.67±4.63 cm, body mass 66.5±5.32 kg; experimentalgroup was 19.5±1.05 years, 175.83±8.86 cm, and body mass 67.67±7.20 kg. Also according to the results, it can besaid that a significant increase was observed in countermovement jump (CMJ) vertical jump heights (p=0.028) of thestudy group at the end of the 8-week strength trainings compared to the control group and that the strength trainingprovided a positive contribution to vertical jump heights. On the other hand, there was no significant difference(p=0.075) in the control group. At the same time, the CMJ height values of the participants who performed strengthtraining increased 4.97±0.09%. Learning of the vertical jump heights, which is an important parameter for successfulperformance in traceurs, can enable the coaches and athletes to prepare a better training program.
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Pana, Elisabeta, and Linus Wilson. "Political Influence and TARP Investments in Credit Unions." Quarterly Journal of Finance 02, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139212500176.
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About 48 credit unions received capital injections as part of the financial sector bailout. The predicted probability of receiving bailout funds jumps from 29% to 81% for the typical credit union, if the institution's headquarters was in the district of a member of the U. S. House Financial Services Committee (HFS). The credit unions receiving funds were significantly less likely to lend, contrary to the goals of the program. These results indicate that political influence may be an important determinant of which institutions receive taxpayer funds.
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Zemková, Erika, Oľga Kyselovičová, Michal Jeleň, Zuzana Kováčiková, Gábor Ollé, Gabriela Štefániková, Tomáš Vilman, et al. "Upper and Lower Body Muscle Power Increases After 3-Month Resistance Training in Overweight and Obese Men." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 6 (August 15, 2016): 1728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316662878.
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This study evaluates the effect of 3 months resistance and aerobic training on muscle strength and power in 17 male overweight and obese men. Subjects underwent either a resistance or aerobic training for a period of 3 months (three sessions per week). Peak isometric force, rate of force development, peak power and height of countermovement and squat jumps, reactive strength index, and mean power in the concentric phase of bench presses were all assessed prior to and after completing the training program. Results identified a significant increase of mean power during both countermovement bench presses at 30 kg (18.6%, p = .021), 40 kg (14.6%, p = .033), and 50 kg (13.1%, p = .042) and concentric-only bench presses at 30 kg (19.6%, p = .017) and 40 kg (13.9%, p = .037) after the resistance training. There was also a significant increase in the height of the jump (12.8%, p = .013), peak power (10.1%, p = .026), and peak velocity (9.7%, p = .037) during the countermovement jump and height of the jump (11.8%, p = .019), peak power (9.6%, p = .032), and peak velocity (9.5%, p = .040) during the squat jump. There were no significant changes in the reactive strength index, peak force, and the rate of force development after the resistance training. The aerobic group failed to show any significant improvements in these parameters. It may be concluded that 3 months of resistance training without caloric restriction enhances upper and lower body muscle power in overweight and obese men.
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Mendez-Rebolledo, Guillermo, Romina Figueroa-Ureta, Fernanda Moya-Mura, Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, and Rhodri S. Lloyd. "The Protective Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Youth Female Track-and-Field Athletes: A Clinical Trial and Cohort Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 7 (September 1, 2021): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0376.
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Context: Few reports have analyzed the effects of neuromuscular (NM) training programs on the injury incidence among youth female track-and-field athletes. Objective: To determine the effects of NM training on reducing lower limb injury incidence and to establish its effects on countermovement jump performance, balance, 30-m sprint, and joint position sense in youth female track-and-field athletes. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-two female athletes were allocated into 2 groups: Conventional (CONV) training (n = 11; age = 15.3 [2.1] y) and NM training (n = 11; age = 15.0 [2.7] y). Interventions: Interventions were performed during the preseason of 6 weeks. The CONV training included anaerobic, strength, and aerobic training. The NM training consisted of a multicomponent program that integrated jumps, landings, and running with strength, endurance, agility, balance, and CORE training. Main Outcome Measures: A follow-up of the cohorts was carried out through the evaluation of lower limb injuries (main outcome) during a regular season (weeks 7–18). Secondary outcomes were measured before and after the intervention: Y-balance test, active joint repositioning, ground reaction force, and countermovement jump height. Results: The injury incidence rate was 17.89 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training, and 6.58 in NM training (relative risk = 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.82; P = .044). Particularly, the medial tibial stress syndrome incidence rate was 5.96 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training and 0.82 in NM training (relative risk = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.12; P = .012). In addition, a significant training × time interaction was noted, favoring improvements in 30-m sprint and countermovement jump height after NM. Conclusion: The NM training may improve youth female athlete’s physical fitness and reduce their injury relative risk of medial tibial stress syndrome injury.
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Pushkar, V. G., K. A. Rotov, I. V. Novitskaya, and E. A. Snatenkov. "Features of lyophilization of a nanoliposomal drug." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-5-81-86.
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The conditions of lyophilization of nanoliposomes with encapsulated gentamicin (liposomal gentamicin) were studied. A mode of its safe lyophilization was suggested. A program for eliminating adverse factors was developed. It includes smooth increase of temperature from -70°C (freezing temperature) to room temperature (22±2)°C and gradual reduction of vacuum from 30 to 10 Pa without jumps and drops. The characteristics of the labile nanoliposomal drugs were not lost. The suggested program consisted of 10 steps allowing computer control to attain a slow and uniform increase in the temperature of the frozen product. The precise control of pressure in the chamber was provided by a system of automatic regulation of vacuum supplied with the equipment. After the rehydration the lyophilized preparations completely restored their original shape and properties.
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Marta, Carlos, Daniel Marinho, Natalina Casanova, Teresa Fonseca, Carolina Vila-Chã, Bernardete Jorge, Mikel Izquierdo, Dulce Esteves, and Mário Marques. "Gender’s Effect on a School-Based Intervention in the Prepubertal Growth Spurt." Journal of Human Kinetics 43, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0101.
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Abstract Children aged 10-11 years pass through a dynamic developmental period marked by rapid changes in body size, shape, and composition, all of which are sexually dimorphic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of gender on a school-based intervention in the prepubertal growth spurt. One hundred twenty-five healthy children (58 boys, 67 girls), fifth and sixth grade students from an urban public elementary school in Portugal (10.8 ± 0.4 years), were randomly assigned into two experimental groups: a strength training group (19 boys, 22 girls), and an endurance training group (21 boys, 24 girls); and a control group (18 boys, 21 girls; no training program). Training program for the two experimental groups was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. Compared with the values at the beginning of the protocol, both strength and endurance training programs produced significant improvements (p< 0.05) in vertical and horizontal jumps, a 1 kg and 3 kg medicine ball throw, a 20 m sprint and VO2max, for both boys and girls. No significant changes were observed related to gender in training-induced strength (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.16, Power= 0.29) and aerobic (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.05, Power= 0.28) capacity. The results of the present study should be taken into consideration in order to optimize strength training school-based programs.
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Sauls, Nicole M., and Nicole C. Dabbs. "Differences In Male Collegiate And Recreationally Trained Soccer Players On Balance, Agility, And Vertical Jump Performance." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.4p.45.
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Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in collegiate and recreationally trained soccer players in sprint, vertical jump, and balance performance. Methods: Twenty-one soccer players, twelve Division II collegiate and nine recreationally trained volunteered to participate. Session one acted as a familiarization day, where the participants were familiarized with testing day protocols. During testing day, participants performed a dynamic warm-up, followed by balance measurements, three countermovement vertical jumps, and pro-agility shuttle test. Results: There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between groups in the all balance variables. Collegiate soccer players had a significantly (p<0.05) greater peak velocity in vertical jump then recreationally trained soccer players. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between groups for maximum for split velocities, where collegiate soccer players were greater than recreationally trained soccer players. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in groups in all other variables. Conclusion: These results indicate that collegiate, Division II, soccer players had greater vertical jumping and sprinting velocities when compared to recreationally trained soccer players. These results may have been impacted by the lack of resistance training background in either of the two groups. With the addition of more time on a collegiate resistance training program, it is very likely the Division II athletes will see a significant increase in all balance, sprint, and vertical jump performance measures compared to recreationally trained players who receive little to no specialized resistance training.
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Ramírez-Villada, Jhon Fredy, Laura Lorena Cadena-Duarte, Adriana Rocío Gutiérrez-Galvis, Rodrigo Argothy-Bucheli, and Yesica Moreno-Ramírez. "Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 67, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v67n4.75051.
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Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults.Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above.Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series of jumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program.Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes.Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.
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Plesiński, Karol, Artur Radecki-Pawlik, and Nadzieja Jurkowska. "HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF THE BLOCK RAMP WITH RIDGE TYPE NOTCH: THE GRAJCAREK IN SZCZAWNICA, POLISH CARPATHIANS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus 19, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.3.43.
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Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to analyze the hydrodynamic parameters in the area of one of the block ramp in the analyzed stream. Material and methods: The field research included geodetic measurements on the basis of which the longitudinal profile and cross-sections of the watercourse bed and structures were made. Numerical modelling of flood flows was also performed in the HEC-RAS program, from which hydrodynamic data were obtained. The data obtained from field measurements and numerical modelling were used to calculate the length of the energy dissipation basins of the structure and to determine the type of water movement using the Froude number. The calculations were performed for several variants. The real lengths of the energy dissipation basin were compared with the lengths of hydraulic jumps that are formed on them. Results and conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the length of the energy dissipation basin is too short because the hydraulic jumps go beyond them. As a result, a scour is formed below the structure, which in the event of further development may threaten the stability of the structure.
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Carr, Christina, John J. McMahon, and Paul Comfort. "Changes in Strength, Power, and Speed Across a Season in English County Cricketers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0524.
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Purpose:Previous research has investigated changes in athletes’ strength, power, and speed performances across the competitive season of many sports, although this has not been explored in cricketers. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in lower-body strength and jump and sprint performances across an English county cricket season.Methods:Male cricketers (N = 12; age 24.4 ± 2.3 y, body mass 84.3 ± 9.9 kg, height 184.1 ± 8.1 cm) performed countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 20-m sprints on 4 separate occasions and back-squat strength testing on 3 separate occasions across a competitive season.Results:Both absolute (12.9%, P = .005, effect size [ES] = 0.53) and relative lower-body strength (15.8%, P = .004, ES = 0.69) and CMJ height (5.3%, P = .037, ES = 0.42) improved significantly over the preseason training period, although no significant change (1.7%, P > .05) in sprint performance was observed. In contrast, absolute (14.3%, P = .001, ES = 0.72) and relative strength (15.0%, P = .001, ES = 0.77), CMJ height (4.2%, P = .023, ES = 0.40), and sprint performance (3.8%, P = .012, ES = 0.94) declined significantly across the season.Conclusions:The results of this study show that neither the demands of the competitive cricket season nor current in-season training practices provide a sufficient stimulus to maintain strength, jump, and sprint performances in these cricketers. Therefore, coaches should implement a more-frequent, higher-load strength-training program across the competitive cricket season.
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Guadalupe-Grau, A., J. Perez-Gomez, H. Olmedillas, J. Chavarren, C. Dorado, A. Santana, J. A. Serrano-Sanchez, and J. A. L. Calbet. "Strength training combined with plyometric jumps in adults: sex differences in fat-bone axis adaptations." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 4 (April 2009): 1100–1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91469.2008.
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Leptin and osteocalcin play a role in the regulation of the fat-bone axis and may be altered by exercise. To determine whether osteocalcin reduces fat mass in humans fed ad libitum and if there is a sex dimorphism in the serum osteocalcin and leptin responses to strength training, we studied 43 male (age 23.9 2.4 yr, mean ± SD) and 23 female physical education students (age 23.2 ± 2.7 yr). Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: training (TG) and control (CG). TG followed a strength combined with plyometric jumps training program during 9 wk, whereas the CG did not train. Physical fitness, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and serum concentrations of hormones were determined pre- and posttraining. In the whole group of subjects (pretraining), the serum concentration of osteocalcin was positively correlated ( r = 0.29–0.42, P < 0.05) with whole body and regional bone mineral content, lean mass, dynamic strength, and serum-free testosterone concentration ( r = 0.32). However, osteocalcin was negatively correlated with leptin concentration ( r = −0.37), fat mass ( r = −0.31), and the percent body fat ( r = −0.44). Both sexes experienced similar relative improvements in performance, lean mass (+4–5%), and whole body (+0.78%) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (+1.2–2%) with training. Serum osteocalcin concentration was increased after training by 45 and 27% in men and women, respectively ( P < 0.05). Fat mass was not altered by training. Vastus lateralis type II MHC composition at the start of the training program predicted 25% of the osteocalcin increase after training. Serum leptin concentration was reduced with training in women. In summary, while the relative effects of strength training plus plyometric jumps in performance, muscle hypertrophy, and osteogenesis are similar in men and women, serum leptin concentration is reduced only in women. The osteocalcin response to strength training is, in part, modulated by the muscle phenotype (MHC isoform composition). Despite the increase in osteocalcin, fat mass was not reduced.
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Tabacchi, Garden, Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez, Fatma Nese Sahin, Meltem Kizilyalli, Rosario Genchi, Michele Basile, Musa Kirkar, et al. "Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247187.
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High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.
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Talpey, Scott W., Robert Axtell, Elizabeth Gardner, and Lachlan James. "Changes in Lower Body Muscular Performance Following a Season of NCAA Division I Men’s Lacrosse." Sports 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7010018.
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The tactical and technical components of training become a primary emphasis, leaving less time for targeted development of physical qualities that underpin performance during the competition phase of a training program. A deemphasis on physical preparation during the in-season training phase may make athletes more susceptible to injury and decrease performance on the field. Two weeks prior to the start and one week following the conclusion of the 16-week collegiate lacrosse season, lower body force production was assessed in eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Men’s Lacrosse athletes. Lower body force production capabilities were determined via the performance of countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) performed on a force plate and isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups across three velocities. Isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio were maintained or increased over the course of the competition phase of training. Relative peak force obtained from the CMJ and the reactive strength index from the DJ decreased significantly over the season. The maintenance of isokinetic strength and the decrease in CMJ and DJ performance may indicate the presence of neuromuscular fatigue that accumulated over the course of the season.
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Sánchez Moreno, Miguel, Carlos García Asencio, and Juan José González Badillo. "The effects of short-term resistance program on vertical jump ability in elite male volleyball players during the competition season (Efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza de corta duración sobre la capacidad de salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol de." Retos, no. 26 (March 6, 2015): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34422.
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The aim of this study was to describe the effects of 6 weeks of combined strength and jump training which incorporated moderate loads and high intensity contractions on the vertical jump ability (VJ), loaded jumps and velocity of execution in full squat in a group of professional male volleyball players during the competition season. It was hypothesized that the VJ improved by cross combined strength and jump training both characterized by high velocity of execution (>1m/s). The participants in this study were twelve players who competed in the first national division of the Spanish National League during the 2011-2012 season. The neuromuscular performance was estimated by unloaded (CMJ) and loaded countermovement jumps (CMJloaded) height (cm); and by velocity of displacement in the concentric phase of full squat (FS) (m/s). There was a significant increase in CMJ and CMJloaded after 6-week of training (5%, p<0.01; and 5.7%, p<0.05; respectively). These changes were accompanied by a small and moderate value of Effect Size (0.47, and 0.67; respectively). No significant differences were observed for velocity of displacement in FS. The linear correlation analysis showed a single moderate correlation statistically significant between the changes in CMJ-CMJloaded and CMJ-FS (r=0.62 and r=0.59, p<0.05; respectively). Albeit speculative, our results suggest that the use of moderate loads could be enough to improve the vertical jump performance, since in our study a load equivalent to 60% 1RM in the FS was not exceeded and jumping exercises were performed with light loads.Keywords: Resistance training; Plyometric exercise; Vertical jump; Lower Extremity, Velocity, Strength.Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos de 6 semanas de entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y salto, el cual incorpora cargas moderadas e intensidades de contracción altas, sobre la capacidad de salto vertical, saltos con cargas y la velocidad de ejecución en el ejercicio de sentadilla en un grupo de jugadores profesionales de voleibol durante la temporada de competición. Se estableció la hipótesis de que el salto vertical mejoro por el uso combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y salto, ambos caracterizados por una alta velocidad de ejecución (>1m/s). El rendimiento neuromuscular fue estimado por la altura (cm) del salto sin cargas (CMJ), salto con cargas (CMJloaded), y por la velocidad (m/s) de desplazamiento en la fase concéntrica en la sentadilla completa (FS). Tuvo lugar un incremento significativo en CMJ y CMJloaded después de 6 semanas de entrenamientos (5%, p<0.01; y 5.7%, p<0.05; respectivamente). Estos cambios fueron acompañados por un valor de Tamaño del Efecto pequeño y moderado (0.47, and 0.67; respectivamente). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de desplazamiento en FS. El análisis de correlación lineal mostró una correlación moderada estadísticamente significativa entre los cambios en CMJ-CMJloaded y CMJ-FS (r=0.62; y r=0.59, p<0.05; respectivamente). Aunque algo especulativo, nuestros resultados sugieren que el uso de cargas moderadas podría ser suficiente para mejorar el rendimiento del salto vertical, ya que en nuestro estudio no se excedió una carga equivalente al 60% de 1RM en FS y los ejercicios de saltos también fueron realizados con cargas ligeras. Palabras claves: Entrenamiento con resistencias, ejercicios pliométricos, salto vertical, extremidad inferior, velocidad, fuerza.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín, Jorge, Juan José Salinero, Javier Abían-Vicen, Francisco Areces, Beatriz Lara, Cesar Gallo, Carlos Puente, and Juan Del Coso. "Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 1 (January 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0299.
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P-Synephrine is a protoalkaloid widely used as an ergogenic aid in sports. This substance has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program, although scientific information about its effects on performance and athletes’ well-being is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of p-synephrine to increase performance in sprint athletes. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 13 experienced sprinters performed 2 acute experimental trials after the ingestion of p-synephrine (3 mg·kg−1) or after the ingestion of a placebo (control trial). Forty-five minutes after the ingestion of the substances, the sprinters performed a squat jump, a countermovement jump, a 15-s repeated jump test, and subsequently performed 60-m and 100-m simulated sprint competitions. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess side-effect prevalence. In comparison with the control trial, the ingestion of p-synephrine did not change countermovement jump height (37.4 ± 4.2 vs 36.7 ± 3.3 cm, respectively; P = 0.52), squat jump height (34.4 ± 3.6 vs 33.9 ± 3.7 cm; P = 0.34), or average 15-s repeated jumps height (31.8 ± 4.1 vs 32.2 ± 3.6 cm; P = 0.18). P-Synephrine did not modify maximal running speed during the 60-m (9.0 ± 0.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.4 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.55) and 100-m sprint competitions (8.8 ± 0.5 vs 8.8 ± 0.5 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.92). The ingestion of p-synephrine did not alter the prevalence of headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, muscle pain, or insomnia during the hours following the tests. Acute consumption of 3 mg·kg−1 of p-synephrine was ineffective to increase performance in competitive sprint athletes. Moreover, p-synephrine did not increase the occurrence of side effects after the competition.
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Liew, Bernard X. W., Christopher C. Drovandi, Samuel Clifford, Justin W. L. Keogh, Susan Morris, and Kevin Netto. "Joint-level energetics differentiate isoinertial from speed-power resistance training—a Bayesian analysis." PeerJ 6 (April 12, 2018): e4620. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4620.
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Background There is convincing evidence for the benefits of resistance training on vertical jump improvements, but little evidence to guide optimal training prescription. The inability to detect small between modality effects may partially reflect the use of ANOVA statistics. This study represents the results of a sub-study from a larger project investigating the effects of two resistance training methods on load carriage running energetics. Bayesian statistics were used to compare the effectiveness of isoinertial resistance against speed-power training to change countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) height, and joint energetics. Methods Active adults were randomly allocated to either a six-week isoinertial (n = 16; calf raises, leg press, and lunge), or a speed-power training program (n = 14; countermovement jumps, hopping, with hip flexor training to target pre-swing running energetics). Primary outcome variables included jump height and joint power. Bayesian mixed modelling and Functional Data Analysis were used, where significance was determined by a non-zero crossing of the 95% Bayesian Credible Interval (CrI). Results The gain in CMJ height after isoinertial training was 1.95 cm (95% CrI [0.85–3.04] cm) greater than the gain after speed-power training, but the gain in SJ height was similar between groups. In the CMJ, isoinertial training produced a larger increase in power absorption at the hip by a mean 0.018% (equivalent to 35 W) (95% CrI [0.007–0.03]), knee by 0.014% (equivalent to 27 W) (95% CrI [0.006–0.02]) and foot by 0.011% (equivalent to 21 W) (95% CrI [0.005–0.02]) compared to speed-power training. Discussion Short-term isoinertial training improved CMJ height more than speed-power training. The principle adaptive difference between training modalities was at the level of hip, knee and foot power absorption.