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1
Westwood, Tania, Sarah Wendt, and Kate Seymour. "Women’s Perceptions of Safety After Domestic Violence: Exploring Experiences of a Safety Contact Program." Affilia 35, no. 2 (September 8, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919873904.
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This article explores women’s experiences of the women’s safety services associated with a South Australian integrated program for male perpetrators of domestic and family violence. As small scale and exploratory, the study aimed to understand impact of such services on women’s perceptions of safety. Interviews were conducted by telephone, using a semi-structured format, with 14 women whose partners or ex-partners had been referred to a perpetrator intervention program. Informed by a feminist standpoint perspective, thematic analysis was used to explore each woman’s experience and perception of safety. The findings of the study suggest that integrated domestic and family violence programs can improve women’s feelings of safety through the application of practical safety planning, timely intervention, emotional support, and trauma-focused practice. Importantly, while the behaviors and actions of perpetrators were clearly relevant to women’s perceived safety, it was apparent that focusing on women’s strengths and capacity for recovery can significantly impact on their continued sense of safety and well-being. This article also reiterates the importance of women’s perspectives in evaluating the effectiveness of perpetrator interventions.
2
Brown, Jac. "Male Perpetrators, the Gender Symmetry Debate, and the Rejection–Abuse Cycle." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 4 (March 7, 2012): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312439404.
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This review article examined the gender symmetry debate in light of recent research relating to the feminist and family research perspectives on intimate partner violence, providing a context for rethinking perpetrator programs. The concept of coercive control is considered as an explanatory factor in an attempt to integrate the feminist and family research perspectives. The limited effectiveness of perpetrator programs is examined. Research highlighting potential factors that could improve the effectiveness of perpetrator programs is introduced, followed by a discussion of the rejection–abuse cycle, one attempt to incorporate current research into a more inclusive program. The rejection–abuse cycle identifies a pattern of perpetrator behavior, which links rejection, threat to self, defense against threat, and abuse. Finally, suggestions for changing perpetrator programs are elaborated, incorporating past research, which would make them appropriate for both male and female perpetrators. These implications are contextualized within a meta-theory to provide greater clarity for the development of future perpetrator programs.
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Syawitri, Melsi, and Afdal Afdal. "Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Relasi Kuasa Pelaku Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT)." JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/02598jpgi0005.
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<span lang="IN">Cases of violence in Indonesia, especially against women in the household, have increased so that it is considered quite alarming. Domestic violence perpetrated by the perpetrator, in this case the husband, is motivated by power relations in the household. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the power relations of domestic violence (KDRT).The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with the research subject, namely a criminal case of domestic violence. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and document analysis. The data analysis technique is carried out through three activities, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The result of the research shows that there is a real power relation of violence in household; (1) gender perception bias, based on the results found that there is an understanding that is still gender biased in the perceptions of domestic violence perpetrators, (2) aggressive personality is higher in men. This is related to the social roles inherent in men and women. So that with a reasonable view that aggressive is higher in men, causing the perpetrator to feel for verbal and physical aggression. The perpetrator who has an aggressive personality causes him to become irritable by participating in verbal and physical aggression. (3) The perpetrator who has an antisocial personality is related to the tendency to carry out criminal activities such as domestic violence without being followed by feelings related to the act of action. The results of the research are expected to help community institutions to pay more attention to the conditions of domestic violence perpetrators and especially counselors to be able to provide interventions in the form of counseling programs to perpetrators as preventive and handling measures in order to break the chain of domestic violence. It is also hoped that the counselor can educate the perpetrators to change their mindset and behavior and help them in the future to be able to integrate with society</span><strong><span lang="IN">.</span></strong>
4
Walker, Kate, Erica Bowen, Sarah Brown, and Emma Sleath. "The Process of Primary Desistance From Intimate Partner Violence." Violence Against Women 24, no. 7 (August 15, 2017): 843–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217722238.
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This study examined the interaction between structure and agency for individuals in the first or early phase of primary desistance (1 year offending free) from intimate partner violence (IPV). Narrative accounts of perpetrators, survivors, and IPV program facilitators were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Changes in the self and the contexts, structures, and conditions were necessary to promote desistance. Perpetrators made behavioral and cognitive changes taking on different identities (agentic role) by removing external stressors and instability within the confines of a supportive environment (structural role). Findings provide a theoretical framework of desistance from IPV that integrates social processes and subjective change.
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Raison, Tatjana, and Donald Dutton. "In Their Own Words: Attributed Causes of Own Intimate Partner Violence." Partner Abuse 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.10.1.3.
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A review of 20 articles (with a collective N of 16,463) was conducted assessing reasons given by perpetrators for their commission of intimate partner violence (IPV). College, community, and batterer intervention program samples were used. Five studies used Follingstad's (1991) Motivation and Effects Questionnaire to assess reported motivations. This had an advantage in standardizing the definitions of motives, which varied widely in other studies. Perpetrators of IPV, whether male or female, do not describe their motives in gender-political terms. Instead, they describe them in psychological terms, such as anger, frustration, or gaining attention. The most frequently endorsed reasons were anger (68% by women, 47% by men) and gaining attention (53% by women, 55% by men). Self-defense was the least endorsed (7th of seven motives). The implications of this finding for the gender paradigm are discussed.
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Welland, Christauria, and Neil Ribner. "Culturally Specific Treatment for Partner-Abusive Latino Men: A Qualitative Study to Identify and Implement Program Components." Violence and Victims 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.6.799.
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Research based on a demographic survey and qualitative interviews of Latino intimate partner violence perpetrators in Southern California forms the basis of a Spanish-language treatment program designed to be culturally appropriate for Latino immigrant men, and piloted for 4 years with their input. Culturally-specific topics emphasized by participants and integrated into the program are: effective parenting skills for men; gender roles; discussion of discrimination towards immigrants and women; immigration and changing gender roles; marital sexual abuse; and spirituality as related to violence prevention. Attention is given to alcohol abuse and childhood trauma. Results suggest the desirability of an empathic and culturally-sensitive approach, without diminishing responsibility. This program was designed to help clinicians refine their skills and effectiveness in working with this rapidly expanding population.
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Sudderth, Lori K. "The Women’s Project: Educating Women in Rural Nicaragua About Gender and Violence." Affilia 35, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919889036.
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Programs and policies addressing gendered violence in impoverished rural areas in developing countries face a number of challenges: high rates of intimate partner violence, low reporting rates, cultural restrictions on women’s employment, lack of education and adequate health care, limited access to legal options and social services, and corruption in the criminal justice system. In these social contexts, anonymity is low and patriarchal notions of gender are especially persistent. In some areas, there are no services specifically for victims of gendered violence and shelters are in urban centers, far away from family and friends. Even where legal interventions are available, the outcomes often favor the perpetrators, making this option less attractive and in some cases dangerous. Because of these barriers, victims of intimate partner violence in rural settings rely more often on informal or community networks of support rather than formal authorities and legal sanctions to stop the violence. Consequently, addressing intimate partner violence in rural areas in developing countries requires more than a criminal justice response; it requires empowering rural women economically and socially. This conceptual article describes one program that attempts to empower rural women and the implications for creating safe space for victims of violence in challenging contexts.
8
Wistow, Richard, Liz Kelly, and Nicole Westmarland. "“Time Out”." Violence Against Women 23, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 730–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216647944.
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This article critically explores accounts of how men attending domestic violence perpetrator programs (DVPP) used the “time out” strategy. Findings are drawn from 71 semi-structured interviews with 44 men attending DVPPs and 27 female partners or ex-partners of men in DVPPs. We describe three ways in which the technique was used: first, as intended, to interrupt potential physical violence; second, through the effective adaption of the time-out rules by victim-survivors; and finally, misappropriation by some men to continue and extend their controlling behaviors. Policy and practice lessons are drawn from the findings through connecting broader and deeper measurements of what success means when working with domestic violence perpetrators to the ways in which the time-out technique was used.
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Lee, Mira, Hee Ok Park, and Insook Lee. "The influence of experienced violence and the clinical learning environment on vocational identity in nursing students." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 27, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2021.27.3.321.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the learning environment on nursing students' clinical practice education and the violence experienced during clinical practice on vocational identity. Methods: The design of the study was a descriptive survey, and data were collected from November 15 to November 27, 2019. The data of the study were obtained from 515 nursing students attending three universities using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: For the experience of violence, verbal violence (98.3%) was the type most commonly experienced, and patients (97.7%) were the most frequent perpetrators. The clinical learning environment was perceived differently according to gender, personality, interpersonal relationship, satisfaction with nursing, clinical practice satisfaction, violence prevention education, the need for violence prevention education, sexual violence experiences, and violent perpetrators. The most influential factor on vocational identity was satisfaction with the nursing major (β=0.24, p<.001), followed by extroverted personality (β=0.18, p<.001), clinical learning environment (β=0.15, p=.001), satisfaction with clinical practice (β =0.15, p=.002), and the experience of violence by patients (β=-0.10, p=.016), which together explained 24.1% of the variance in the model. Conclusion: It is necessary to make efforts to ensure that students do not experience violence during clinical practice, to maintain a close cooperative relationship between university and clinical institutions to improve the learning environment for clinical practice, and to make the clinical field an educational learning environment.
10
Devenish, Bethany, Merrilyn Hooley, and David Mellor. "Justification of Wife Beating in Adolescents: Associated Beliefs and Behaviors." Violence Against Women 25, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218766639.
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Socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents who are exposed to social norms related to violence against women are more likely to experience or be perpetrators of intimate partner violence. This study evaluated factors hypothesized to be associated with acceptance of wife beating among 240 male and female adolescents aged 10-16 years participating in a World Vision program in Armenia. Acceptance of wife beating was associated with relational victimization, perceived social support, and parent and community boundaries and expectations, but was not associated with overt victimization or aggression. These findings highlight several areas that may be important for violence prevention research.
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Witte, Tricia H., Christine L. Hackman, and Mazheruddin M. Mulla. "Social Norms for Intimate Partner Violence: A Replication With College Students." Violence and Victims 32, no. 5 (2017): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00134.
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This study replicated prior research on college students’ perceived descriptive norms (i.e., prevalence estimates) for intimate partner violence (IPV). In this study, male and female college students were instructed to estimate the prevalence of physical forms of IPV for “typical students” of their same gender on campus. Perpetrators of IPV—both male and female—made higher estimates than nonperpetrators. When compared to actual prevalence rates, both perpetrators and nonperpetrators overestimated the prevalence of IPV on campus. Findings have implications for prevention programs that address social norms.
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Hackman, Christine Louise, Tricia Witte, and Marissa Greenband. "Social norms for sexual violence perpetration in college." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2016-0266.
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Purpose Sexual violence (SV) is a pervasive public health issue on college campuses. While much research has been conducted to determine factors contributing to SV, little work focuses on the role of perceived social norms. The purpose of this paper is to examine college students’ perceived descriptive norms for SV perpetration (i.e. prevalence estimates for SV). Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional survey, male and female college students from a large public institution in the Southeastern USA were instructed to estimate the prevalence of SV for “typical students” of their same gender on campus. Findings When compared to actual prevalence rates of SV perpetrated by females and males, both perpetrators and non-perpetrators overestimated the prevalence of SV among same-sex peers, but perpetrators made even higher estimates compared to those made by non-perpetrators for some sexually aggressive acts. Results demonstrate strong and consistent normative misperceptions surrounding SV perpetration. Research limitations/implications Findings lend support for testing social norms-based prevention programs for SV on college campuses. Originality/value This study is one of the first investigations into perceived social norms surrounding SV; perceived social norms may be an influential factor contributing to SV.
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Sudderth, Lori K. "Creating Safe Space in a Challenging Landscape: Empowerment for Rural Women in Nicaragua." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i1.1493.
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Programs and policies addressing gendered violence in impoverished rural areas in developing countries face a number of challenges: high rates of intimate partner violence, low reporting rates, cultural restrictions on women’s employment, lack of education and adequate healthcare, limited access to legal options and social services, and corruption in the criminal justice system. These social contexts in which anonymity is low and patriarchal notions of gender are especially persistent, are challenging in terms of creating safe space for victims of intimate violence. Even where legal interventions are available, the outcomes often favor the perpetrators, making this option less attractive and in some cases, dangerous. Because of these barriers, victims of intimate partner violence in rural settings rely more often on informal or community networks of support rather than formal authorities and legal sanctions to stop the violence. Consequently, addressing intimate partner violence in rural areas in developing countries requires more than a criminal justice response; it requires community intervention, empowering rural women economically and socially. This article describes one program in particular that attempts to empower rural women in Nicaragua, and the implications for creating safe space for victims of violence in challenging contexts.
14
Cannon, Clare, Regardt J. Ferreira, and Fred Buttell. "Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 1 (April 29, 2018): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518772151.
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Purpose: This study sought to investigate similarities and differences among race, gender, parenting attitudes, and conflict negotiation tactics of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in a batterer intervention program. Method: This research utilized a nonequivalent, control group secondary analysis of 238 women and men. Results: Logistic regression indicated the following: (1) An increased likelihood for scoring higher on the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2), Physical Assault subscale, and high-risk Adult–Adolescent Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) parenting group for those in the African American category compared to the White category; (2) African American women are more likely to be unemployed, score higher on the CTS-2 Physical Assault subscale, and in the high-risk AAPI-2 parenting group than African American men; and (3) White women, compared to White men, are more likely to experience injury and to score in the high-risk AAPI-2 group. Conclusions: Critical race theory provides a necessary understanding of these findings within structural inequality in the United States. Further results and implications are discussed.
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Ferrer-Pérez, Victoria A., and Esperanza Bosch-Fiol. "Las masculinidades y los programas de intervención para maltratadores en casos de violencia de género en España." Masculinities & Social Change 5, no. 1 (February 21, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2016.1827.
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Intimate partner violence against women (called gender violence in the Spanish legal framework) is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been explained from different theoretical viewpoints. In this paper, we take as a starting point to analyze this violence a multi-causal model, called pyramidal model, which understands traditional masculinity and their conditionants as an important explanatory key for violence against women. In this context, data on the low presence of the notion of masculinity in the intervention programs for the rehabilitation of perpetrators that have been applied in Spain are presented, and suggestions on the need to increase the role of this element are provided.
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Fernández-Fuertes, Andrés A., Noelia Fernández-Rouco, Susana Lázaro-Visa, and Eva Gómez-Pérez. "Myths about Sexual Aggression, Sexual Assertiveness and Sexual Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238744.
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Sexual violence is a worldwide health and social issue. However, little is known about the sexual violence that occurs in the context of romantic relationships. This study analyzes the existence of sexual violence in adolescents’ romantic relationships, the possible associations between such violence (both committed and suffered) and myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness, and the possible gender-related distinctions. A sample of 329 students aged between 15 and 19 (M = 16.3; SD = 0.79) was surveyed; all participants were in a romantic relationship when the data were collected. The results reveal that both genders report the existence of sexual violence in their romantic relationships; however, in heterosexual relationships, males were more often the perpetrators of sexual violence. Additionally, myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness were found to be significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization. Accordingly, these predictors should be focal points in prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence. The findings of this study show the de-prioritization of sexuality education in the Spanish educational system, as well as the need to strengthen the competence of adolescents in this area.
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Sommer, Doris, Josefa Ros Velasco, and Marco Abarca. "Bored: A Pandemic of Domestic Violence." Partner Abuse 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0022.
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Alarm spreads among potential victims of domestic violence as cases multiply during the confinement required by COVID19, and authorities face the growing frustration of not knowing how to respond. The question of what to do begs the question of why the lockdown increases domestic violence. Loss of jobs, alcohol, and psychological stress are reasonable answers; but they are predictable and don't suggest new approaches for remedy. This essay considers an unsuspected if obvious trigger of violence at home. Boredom. It is a stressor that becomes intolerable as the pandemic lockdown continues. Since boredom is a volatile condition associated with the lack of engagement, and since boredom is resolved either creatively or violently, an evident program for primary prevention would be to provide disgruntled and potentially aggressive intimate partners with engaging activities. These activities address a responsibility of the State. When the State turns homes into places of involuntary confinement, it levies serious limitations on a range of human rights. Therefore, the State's obligation to address risks, including boredom, is a corollary to restricting freedom of movement. Perhaps the strategy to provide programs will face objections and skepticism. Why should potential perpetrators of violence be beneficiaries of pleasurable programs? And how can pleasure be a remedy when it carries a stigma of irresponsibility or sin? But a practical response to the spike in domestic violence will have to overcome this irrational stigma to become more strategic than moralizing (Sommer, 2014). We should address the spiral of aggression in ways that are effective, not reactive.
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Hexham, Craig. "Learning in the Real World: Coeducational Groups in Response to Intimate Partner Violence." Partner Abuse 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.1.4.475.
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Among a number of recommendations and standards related to interventions for perpetrators of intimate partner violence is a clear implication that male and female offenders should receive gender specific services. Such segregation often assumes a potential danger to or exacerbation of victimization for the women or else identifies such distinct etiologies for violent behaviors that the treatment needs must be equally disparate. Described herein is a program that provides services for men and women in the same setting. Supporting this intervention is the belief that a significant number of those referred experience similar motivation for their thoughts, feelings, and actions and that therapeutic response will be correspondingly similar. Further, because people live, work, and play in mixed settings, it is more realistic and, it is hoped, more therapeutic to consider—and practice—changes in mixed settings as well. Pertinent factors in conducting these groups are presented, as are one presenter’s perspective on advantages and disadvantages of such a structure. Finally, considerations for research are offered.
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Morrison, Penelope K., Donna George, Patricia A. Cluss, Elizabeth Miller, Lynn Hawker, Rhonda Fleming, Terry Bicehouse, Jessica Burke, and Judy C. Chang. "Male Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators’ Perceptions of the Positives and Negatives of Peer Interactions in Group Batterer Intervention Programs." Violence Against Women 25, no. 15 (January 22, 2019): 1878–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218824053.
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Seventy-six adult male perpetrators of intimate partner violence enrolled in a batterer intervention program (BIP) were interviewed on their perspectives of the intra-BIP group peer interactions. A majority of participants endorsed positives aspects of working with peers in the group context. Only one negative aspect arose, namely, other group members who disrupted the BIP process in some way. More importantly, a minority of participants expressed indifference toward the group process. This study has implications for training of BIP facilitators and for future research on BIPs that helps to tailor the approaches these groups use to maximize client engagement.
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Vuckovic, Myriam, Annette Altvater, Linda Helgesson Sekei, and Kristina Kloss. "Sexual harassment and gender-based violence in Tanzania’s public service." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 10, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-02-2015-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes, forms, extent, and consequences of sexual harassment and sexual violence at public sector workplaces in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,593 civil servants participated in the survey, which was conducted in the Mtwara Region of Tanzania. The quantitative data were complemented with the results from eight focus group discussions. Findings The study revealed that 21 percent of women and 12 percent of men had experienced sexual harassment personally. Overall, rural-based public servants had less knowledge of relevant policies, and experienced more sexual harassment than their urban colleagues. The majority of perpetrators were identified as men in senior positions; the majority of victims were recognized to be young female employees. Frequently reported behaviors included sexual bribery with regard to resource allocation, promotions, allowances, and other benefits. Practical implications Despite the existence of conducive legal and policy frameworks aimed at protecting employees from sexual harassment and violence, their implementation and effects were found to be limited. Only half of the study population was aware of the existing regulations. The study found that the majority of public servants who had knowledge on the issue had learned about sexual harassment in the context of an HIV/AIDS workplace program. This finding indicates that well-designed workplace interventions can play an important role in creating awareness, addressing gender stereotypes, and informing employees about their personal rights and responsibilities. Originality/value Sexual harassment and gender-based violence at the workplace has never been studied before in Tanzania. The study provides practical recommendations for future preventive interventions.
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Brassard, Audrey, Martin Belzile, Caroline Dugal, Kristin Gehl, Claudia Savard, Marie-Ève Daspe, Katherine Péloquin, and Natacha Godbout. "Predictors of Discontinuation From Individual Treatment in Men Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence." Partner Abuse 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0042.
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Practitioners working with male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) observe high rates of treatment dropout in their clientele, which can undermine their ability to reduce the occurrence of IPV. Studies have also mostly documented predictors of dropout from group-format IPV treatment programs, but not from individual-format treatment modalities. This study aimed to identify the predictors and key moments of dropout in 206 French-Canadian men seeking individual treatment for IPV. Results of Cox regression survival analyses indicate that age, education, employment, court-ordered treatment, adult attachment, and the number of perpetrated acts of psychological violence were significant predictors of dropout. Findings highlight the need to assess and target those predictors early in treatment to help men remain in therapy and prevent further use of IPV.
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Eckstein, Jessica J., and Erika Sabovik. "Still Just Hegemonic After All These Years?" Boyhood Studies 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2020.140102.
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Men and boys are commonly viewed as perpetrators and/or facilitators of relational violence, but this biological essentializing oversimplifies “masculinity” as “bad.” Connell illustrated the complex roles of bodies, structural order maintenance, and “pupils as agents, school as setting” (Connell 2000: 161) in shaping masculinity processes. Our study examined these factors by examining how peer perceptions of gendered identity threats relate to beliefs negatively affecting power relations. Students (N = 87; n = 36 males, 51 females) from four classes at two high schools in Connecticut provided pre- and post-test data for a Sexual Violence Prevention Program. Results show unhealthy attitudes related to peer perceptions as a basis for violence scenarios. We discuss primary-prevention curricular implications by addressing masculinities as social relationships involved in adolescents facilitating healthy relational practices.
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Eckstein, Jessica J., and Erika Sabovik. "Still Just Hegemonic After All These Years?" Boyhood Studies 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2021.140102.
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Men and boys are commonly viewed as perpetrators and/or facilitators of relational violence, but this biological essentializing oversimplifies “masculinity” as “bad.” Connell illustrated the complex roles of bodies, structural order maintenance, and “pupils as agents, school as setting” (Connell 2000: 161) in shaping masculinity processes. Our study examined these factors by examining how peer perceptions of gendered identity threats relate to beliefs negatively affecting power relations. Students (N = 87; n = 36 males, 51 females) from four classes at two high schools in Connecticut provided pre- and post-test data for a Sexual Violence Prevention Program. Results show unhealthy attitudes related to peer perceptions as a basis for violence scenarios. We discuss primary-prevention curricular implications by addressing masculinities as social relationships involved in adolescents facilitating healthy relational practices.
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Heward-Belle, Susan, Cathy Humphreys, Lucy Healey, Cherie Toivonen, and Menka Tsantefski. "Invisible Practices: Interventions With Men Who Use Violence and Control." Affilia 34, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919848750.
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Data from this article are derived from responses to questionnaires provided by 232 frontline workers and team leaders from a range of organizations across four Australian states who participated in The Invisible Practices Project: Engaging With Fathers Who Use Violence. This project was designed to explore the practices of workers who see perpetrators of domestic violence outside the relative safety of group-work programs. Thematic analysis was employed to examine the research question: What is the organizational context that contributes to, or constrains, the practices of frontline workers intervening with fathers who use violence? This article reports the ways that agencies increase the visibility of, and practices with, fathers who use violence. Increasing the visibility of fathers who use violence is posited as a crucial driver of policy and practice reform aligned with feminist goals of eliminating sexist institutional practices. It is argued that such practices render fathers who use violence invisible, reinforce patriarchal views of family roles and responsibilities, intensify the scrutiny on the mothering of women survivors, and compound the impact of domestic violence. This article documents emerging practices that seek to redress practices that support patriarchal views of family roles and responsibilities and has implications for understanding the capacity of social workers and other professionals to intervene with fathers who use violence.
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Vall, Berta, Anna Sala-Bubaré, Marianne Hester, and Alessandra Pauncz. "Evaluating the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparison of Men in Treatment and Their (Ex-) Partners Accounts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115859.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health and widespread problem, and perpetrator programmes are in a unique position to work towards the end of gender-based violence. However, in order to promote safe perpetrator work, it is crucial to focus on the impact of IPV on the victims and survivors. In this context, little research has triangulated data by including both, victim’s perspectives on the impact that IPV has on them and also men’s level of awareness of the impact of their violent behaviour. In this paper, results from the “Impact Outcome Monitoring Toolkit (Impact Toolkit)” from one perpetrator treatment programme in the UK are presented. Participants were 98 in total; 49 men that were following treatment in a perpetrator program and their (ex-) partners. The differences in their perceptions of the IPV, but also on the impact of this abusive behavior on the victims, is described. Finally, recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
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Ahmad, Saeed, Sayyeda Maida Ishtiaq, and Mudasir Mustafa. "The Role of Socio-Economic Status in Adoption of Coping Strategies Among Adolescents Against Domestic Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 18 (March 27, 2016): 2862–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516635321.
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In the current study, researchers explored different types of coping strategies such as problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and non-constructive coping of adolescents witnessing and experiencing domestic violence. Furthermore, they tried to find out the association of socio-economic status with coping strategies against domestic violence in family sphere. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 210 adolescents of both sexes, aged 13 to 18 years in Hafizabad city using multistage sampling technique. Multivariate analysis was used to find out the association between adolescents’ resistance and resilience strategies against domestic violence. The information was collected through a structured interview schedule. This study revealed that age, gender, parents’ education, and family income were major factors that influenced the adoption of coping strategy among adolescents. Overall, the study suggested that adolescents were being victimized of various forms of domestic violence frequently in Pakistan, which needs to be addressed on immediate basis through policies and programs by integrating the social institutions of family and education. Findings of the study can enable parents to nurture and support the developmental needs of children in their care. It can help youth in defending themselves from extreme violent behavior adopters and preventing them from becoming the perpetrators of the domestic violence.
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Hamel,, John. "In Dubious Battle: The Politics of Mandatory Arrest and Dominant Aggressor Laws." Partner Abuse 2, no. 2 (2011): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.2.2.224.
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A major component of in the effort to reduce domestic violence in our communities has been a vigorous criminal justice response, one that holds perpetrators accountable for their actions and helps victims feel safe. In light of research finding higher rates of arrest per calls made to police and a corresponding decline in domestic violence crimes, mandatory arrest and pro-arrest laws were initially welcomed by advocates. When, however, it was apparent that these same laws led to a large number of dual arrests, and a proportionately greater increase in arrests of women compared to men, advocates started calling for primary aggressor or dominant aggressor laws. These laws, adopted in several states, including California, direct police officers to consider context and abuse history so that victims are not wrongfully arrested. A review of the relevant literature is conducted, as well as an examination of two law enforcement training programs, suggesting that primary aggressor and dominant aggressor laws, although written in gender-neutral language, are gender biased (mostly against men), are difficult to properly implement, and may, at times, be counterproductive in reducing domestic violence. Alternatives are then presented for consideration.
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Cannon, Clare, and Fred Buttell. "Research-Supported Recommendations for Treating LGBTQ Perpetrators of IPV: Implications for Policy and Practice." Partner Abuse 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0025.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social problem that results in economic, social, and health costs for individuals and their communities. Moreover, due to the stress, anxiety, and home isolation brought on by COVID-19, recent reports suggest an alarming increase in the number of reported IPV victims and, thus perpetrators the world over. In particular, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identified people are as or more likely than heterosexuals to experience and perpetrate IPV, while they are less likely to receive media attention, social support, or legal protections. Batterer intervention programs, informed by public policy and laws, are the predominant mechanism of interventions for perpetrators of IPV in the United States. As a vulnerable population with increased health and economic disparities, how do disasters impact treatment of IPV perpetration by LGBTQ people? To answer this question, the current article reviews the literature on batterer intervention programs and IPV in sex and gender minority relationships to better understand how to deliver research-supported treatment during disasters. Next, to reduce such disparities, we provide research-supported recommendations for treating LGBTQ perpetrators of IPV and shed light on meaningful interventions in the COVID-19 context. Implications and recommendations for public policy are further discussed.
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Morrison, Penelope K., Alyssa J. Stewart, Jesse Cenci, and Judy C. Chang. "Male IPV Perpetrators' Self-Reports of Accountability: A Content Analysis of Exit Letters Written by Clients Who Completed a Batterer Intervention Program Between 1990 and 2015." Partner Abuse 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0041.
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Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) continue to be the primary mode of intervention for male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). The extent, however, to which BIPs are effective remains unclear. In particular, studies are needed that can provide detailed information on how accountability is promoted during the BIP process, and if clients leave a BIP with a clear sense of what it means to be responsible for their behaviors. The present study seeks to expand our knowledge of accountability as it is understood in the BIP context through an exploration of clients' written reflections on their experiences with such a program. A random sample of 555 exit letters were collected from a participating BIP in 2015 and analyzed to understand clients' perceptions on accountability. A three-coder iterative approach to analysis, focusing on content and global coding of broad thematic and subthematic categories was used. Our findings show that many clients admitted to the use of some type of abusive behavior as the precipitating factor for their involvement in the BIP, and that additionally, they generally recognized the need to be responsible for their behaviors and the consequences associated with their abuse. However, we also found that an increased emphasis on accountability in BIPs may be warranted. In particular, more research is needed to explore how BIPs promote accountability among their clients, and how individuals who complete a BIP understand and interpret their role in perpetrating abuse.
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Rodríguez-Castro, Yolanda, Rosana Martínez-Román, Patricia Alonso-Ruido, Alba Adá-Lameiras, and María Victoria Carrera-Fernández. "Intimate Partner Cyberstalking, Sexism, Pornography, and Sexting in Adolescents: New Challenges for Sex Education." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042181.
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Background: Within the context of the widespread use of technologies by adolescents, the objectives of this study were to identify the perpetrators of intimate partner cyberstalking (IPCS) in adolescents; to analyze the relationship between IPCS and gender, age, sexting behaviors, pornography consumption, and ambivalent sexism; and to investigate the influence of the study variables as predictors of IPCS and determine their moderating role. Methods: Participants were 993 Spanish students of Secondary Education, 535 girls and 458 boys with mean age 15.75 (SD = 1.47). Of the total sample, 70.3% (n = 696) had or had had a partner. Results: Boys perform more sexting, consume more pornographic content, and have more hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes than girls. However, girls perpetrate more IPCS than boys. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression indicate that hostile sexism is a predictor of IPCS, as well as the combined effect of Gender × Pornography and Benevolent Sexism × Sexting. Conclusions: it is essential to implement sexual affective education programs in schools in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are incorporated so that boys and girls can experience their relationships, both offline and online, in an egalitarian and violence-free way.
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SILVA, Artenira Da Silva e., Cláudio Alberto Gabriel GUIMARÃES, and Gabriella Sousa da Silva BARBOSA. "POLÍTICA CRIMINAL E REEDUCAÇÃO DE AGRESSORES: UMA RESPOSTA ESTATAL PARA A REDUÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA." Revista Juridica 1, no. 54 (March 29, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v1i54.3309.
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RESUMOA Lei nº 11.340/2006 – Lei Maria da Penha –, fruto de uma condenação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos ao Brasil, possui natureza marcadamente penal. Ocorre que a punição penal estatal, entendida apenas como a determinação de prisão do agressor, nos casos de violência doméstica, não vem encontrando efetiva resposta social quanto à diminuição dos casos albergados pela lei. Tal inefetividade está pautada, dentre outros fatores, às origens, complexidade e especificidades da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher no seio da sociedade. Nesse sentido, buscou-se a utilização da previsão legal de comparecimento do agressor a programas de recuperação e reeducação como a principal medida de urgência a ser deferida como mecanismo efetivamente capaz de diminuir a reincidência de agressores de violência de gênero, inclusive de fato possibilitando que eles compreendam o caráter criminoso de atos de violência contra a mulher em detrimento do que culturalmente introjetaram. Para tanto, foram utilizadas como procedimentos metodológicos as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei Maria da Penha; Medida Protetiva de Urgência; Patriarcado; Reeducação; Agressor. ABSTRACT The Act n.º 11.340/2006 – Maria da Penha's Law –is the result of a Inter-American Court of Human Rights' rule against Brazil and it has a noticeably criminal nature. The fact is that the state criminal punishment for gender domestic violence only considers punishmnt as the determination of the aggressor's arrest. In cases of domestic violence this understanding has not achieved effective social response towards the reduction of the cases ruled by the above mentioned law. Such ineffectiveness is based, among other factors, on the origins, complexity and specificities of domestic and family violence against women in different societies. In this regard the aggressor's attendance to recovery and re-education programs must be considered as the main urgent measure to be deferred as a mechanism effectively capable of reducing the recidivism of aggressors of gender-based violence, making it possible for the perpetrators do actually understand violence against women as crimes even though they have culturally assimilated these acts as being normal. For this, were used as methodological procedures the bibliographic and documentary researches. KEYWORDS: Maria da Penha's Law; Urgent Protective Measures; Patriarchate; Reeducation; Aggressor.
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Francia, Leanne, and Prudence Millear. "Reflections and Insights on an Innovative Australian Perpetrator Intervention Program for Males and Females who Perpetrate Family Violence." Violence and Gender 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2020.0053.
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Hadžić, Faruk. "Transnational Human Trafficking and Stigmatization in the Western Balkans--Bosnia And Herzegovina--Socio-Political and Economic Framework." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.3.2.06.
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The study critically analyzes the root causal and consequential transnational human trafficking factors from the Balkan wars to the present, implying stigmatization discourse, gender-discriminatory climate, the role of masculinity by comprehensive bibliographic review, and insight into the socio-political and economic challenges by the participative observations and the BiH case study's, highlighting harmonization, improvement, and systemic transformation. It is a social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive (legal-social) approach, i.e., applying effective measures in terms of prevention, suppression, and the punishment of perpetrators with mandatory "regional "cooperation. Illegal economy, structural adjustment policies conditioned by international financial funds, systemic corruption, long-term transition, high unemployment, and economic migrations shape the region's economic climate and indirectly affect the state of phenomena. Ethnopolitical structures produce social (in)-stability, affecting the phenomena. Lack of political will and constant internal ethnopolitical conflicts impact the contrary course of initiatives to combat the phenomenon. Considerable attention to victims' social construction in judicial and social capital is critical due to the effects of destructive representation of misogyny elements on perpetuating sexist stereotypes that harm victims and further exploiting. Stigma in social justice significantly affects victimization dynamics, intertwining cultural, legal, conservative patterns, and structural violence continuation. The Western-Balkan states' legal double standards towards prostitution are discriminatory. Implementing adequate programs to reduce stigmatization while increasing institutional and general public exposure to victims who have made successful reintegration could be a productive aspect of the systemic transformation. Western-Balkan gender-discriminatory climate and masculinity's role in establishing an ethnonational political community based on conservative values remain insufficiently explored. Given the challenges of the current migrant crisis, the political level can ensure a coherent and coordinated EU and Western Balkans strategy in harmonizing and improving the existing normative solutions.
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Cannon, Clare, Kenneth Corvo, Fred Buttell, and John Hamel. "Barriers to Advancing Evidence-Based Practice in Domestic Violence Perpetrator Treatment in the United States: Ideology, Public Funding, or Both?" Partner Abuse 12, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0008.
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Though usually framed in the context of ideological and political processes, the failure of domestic violence perpetrator programs to embrace research-supported practice may also be influenced by a widespread unwillingness to use public funds for that purpose. This policy analysis examines the links among federal policy, state implementation, organizational structure, and funding sources of perpetrator service-providing organizations. Those links reveal reciprocal relationships among conservative and ostensibly feminist views of domestic violence within an implied policy framework justifying public underfunding of perpetrator treatment programs. Placed within the current hyper-politicized context of US Federal governance and policy, this analysis identifies advancements in perpetrator treatment in several state governments as harbingers of potential movement toward research-supported practice.
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Lila, Marisol, Enrique Gracia, and Alba Catalá-Miñana. "More Likely to Dropout, but What if They Don’t? Partner Violence Offenders With Alcohol Abuse Problems Completing Batterer Intervention Programs." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 9-10 (April 3, 2017): 1958–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517699952.
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There is general consensus that alcohol abuse is a risk factor to be considered in batterer intervention programs. Intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems are more likely to dropout of batterer intervention programs. However, there is little research on intimate partner violence perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing batterer intervention programs. In this study, we analyze drop-out rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems and explore whether perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing a batterer intervention program differ from those who do not have alcohol abuse problems in a number of outcomes. The sample was 286 males convicted for intimate partner violence against women, attending a community-based batterer intervention program. Final (i.e., recidivism) and proximal (i.e., risk of recidivism, responsibility attributions, attitudes toward violence, sexism, psychological adjustment, and social integration) intervention outcomes were analyzed. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and one-way ANOVA were conducted. Results confirmed higher dropout rates among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems. Results also showed a reduction in alcohol abuse among perpetrators with alcohol abuse problems completing the batterer intervention program. Finally, results showed that, regardless of alcohol abuse problems, perpetrators who completed the batterer intervention program showed improvements in all intervention outcomes analyzed. Perpetrators both with and without alcohol abuse problems can show positive changes after completing an intervention program and, in this regard, the present study highlights the need to design more effective adherence strategies for intimate partner violence perpetrators, especially for those with alcohol abuse problems.
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Bennett, Sidney, Victoria L. Banyard, and Katie M. Edwards. "The Impact of the Bystander’s Relationship With the Victim and the Perpetrator on Intent to Help in Situations Involving Sexual Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 682–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515586373.
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A large body of research has explored the individual and situational factors that influence bystander intervention for sexual violence. However, little research has explored the how the bystander’s relationship to the victim and the perpetrator impacts helping. To explore this gap in the literature, the present study used vignettes to experimentally manipulate the bystander’s relationship to the victim, and the bystander’s relationship to the perpetrator to examine how these factors impact intent to help in low (i.e., unwanted contact) and high (i.e., situation at high risk of rape) severity situations of sexual violence. The gender of the bystander was also examined by recruiting a sample of women and men. Results suggested that bystanders were more likely to intervene when the situation was more severe and when the bystander was female. Results were mixed regarding intent to help when the bystander knew the victim or the perpetrator. Moreover, these factors interacted in complicated ways such that, for example, women are equally likely to intend to help a victim whether they know the perpetrator or not while men are more likely to help a victim if the perpetrator is someone they do not know. The results of this study suggest that bystander intervention for situations involving sexual violence are complex and future research should further tease out the moderating effects. Prevention programs using a bystander framework may need some segments of training that are more gender specific and that directly address the relationship between the bystander and the victim and perpetrator.
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Tomsen, Stephen, and Gail Mason. "Engendering homophobia: violence, sexuality and gender conformity." Journal of Sociology 37, no. 3 (September 2001): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078301128756337.
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The links between social constructions of sexuality and gender are theoretically and politically problematic. A contemporary social movement understanding of violence against gay men and lesbians as ‘homophobic’ suggests a solid basis for coalitionist action. But important aspects of the imposition of gender conformity are a common thread in the experience of female, male and transsexual victims and the motives of perpetrators. Detail of violent and hostile incidents is drawn from two Australian studies: Victorian research on the experiences of 75 lesbians and a New South Wales study of 74 homicides with anti-homosexual motives. Violent acts commonly reflect the hatred and stigma felt towards women and men whose sexuality falls outside of acceptable gendered boundaries. Additionally, this research signals the importance of violence and harassment for the attainment and protection of a masculine identity among perpetrators, and the significance of gender in ways that call for a new understanding of ‘homophobia’ as a socially widespread phenomenon.
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Walker, Jenna, Jo Ashby, Neil Gredecki, and Emma Tarpey. "Gender representations of female perpetrators of intimate partner violence." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 10, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-02-2017-0273.
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Thomas, Bigi, HP Trivedi, Rema Subhash, and Sangeetha N. Pathak. "Understanding Proximate Factors Associated With Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence by Men In India." Space and Culture, India 7, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i3.574.
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At a time when there is a severe dearth of men centric versions of intimate partner violence and the perpetuation of the same by men shows anomalous surge around the world, it is essential to investigate the predictive factors of the same with its intricacies from perpetrators perspectives too. Understanding the factors instrumental in making perpetrators of violence, especially when violence on women is the demonstration of men's failure to appreciate the inherent poise and parity of women, can enable us to have policy interventions to involve men as a part of solution in our efforts towards combating all forms of violence, resulted from aggressive masculinity with gender stereotypes, which sanctions use of violence as well as a sense of entitlement over women.
This study attempts to encapsulate the links between IPV perpetration and perpetrators' attitude towards gender equality, childhood gender inequity & violence experiences and explores the associations between education, age, occupation and income of perpetrators on IPV. A quantitative research design was followed in this study where 1600 men from four different districts, having different gender equality and development indices, within Gujarat, India were selected by proportionate random sampling.
The results of this study vividly demonstrate the ubiquity of IPV, a petrifying crime pervasive around the world. It also underlines how strong and deeply rooted patriarchal attitudes internalised within men are intricately linked to their inclination towards IPV. Childhood gender inequity, as well as violence experiences of men, is also emerged as a set of proximate factors found to be significantly correlated with their propensity to be violent towards women. This study immensely contributes towards policy recommendations which will help generations to disapprove of violence on women and grow up with gender equity attitudes.
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Freysteinsdóttir, Freydís J. "A Life without Violence? Experience of Treatment for Perpetrators of Violence in Intimate Partner Relationships in a Small Nordic Welfare Society." Research in Health Science 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v3n2p46.
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<p><em>In this study, the experiences of perpetrators of violence in intimate relationships in Iceland that took part in this program; “Peace at home” were explored. Also the experiences of survivors were examined, who had a spouse that took part in that treatment program. A qualitative method was used, interviews were taken with six perpetrators and six survivors. All of the participants were white Icelandic people, none of them had a different ethnic background. The interviews were transcribed and analysed. As a result of their participation in the treatment program, all the perpetrators experienced improvement in quality of life, in their relationships with their spouses and in their general well-being. The survivors experienced the time their spouse was in therapy as positive overall and that it made a difference in their own lives. In all cases the physical violence stopped. However, the emotional abuse did not cease in all cases or increased again. Thus, it seems that perpetrators might need more prolonged treatment or different emphasis in treatment, in order to work on patriarchal mentality and stress-provoking situations.</em><em></em></p>
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Hampf, Michaela. "Victims, perpetrators or actors? Gender, armed conflict and political violence." Women's Studies International Forum 25, no. 6 (November 2002): 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(02)00344-8.
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Stanley, Elizabeth. "Victims, perpetrators or actors? Gender, armed conflict and political violence." Political Geography 22, no. 8 (November 2003): 921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-6298(02)00064-1.
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Wilson, F. "Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence." Journal of Refugee Studies 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/15.4.424.
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Nash, Katrina, and Joht Singh Chandan. "Tackling gender-based violence also requires focus on the perpetrators." EClinicalMedicine 36 (June 2021): 100912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100912.
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De Avila, Thiago Pierobom. "Facing Domestic Violence Against Women in Brazil: Advances and Challenges." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i1.397.
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This article aims to offer a critical overview of the Brazilian legal framework for confronting domestic violence against women. Intimate partner homicides are epidemic in Brazil: there are four deaths of women per day. In 2006, the Maria da Penha Law (MPL) introduced integrated polices and transformed criminal procedures to deal with the complexities of gender violence. Reforms included the establishment of The House of Brazilian Women, women-only police stations, specialised courts, intervention orders, interdisciplinary experts, and perpetrator programs. In 2015, a new law created the crime of femicide, designed to prevent ‘honor killings’ defenses in cases of intimate partner homicide and to avoid impunity. Despite law reform, structuring and articulating the network of services remains a challenge. The MPL led to great social change in Brazil regarding awareness of the violence against women, facilitating a broader discussion about gender equality.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Victims of peer violence." Temida 16, no. 1 (2013): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1301071m.
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This paper presents facts on peer violence victims, committed by minor perpetrators against other minors. The author analyses four main characteristics of peer violence: imbalance of power between perpetrators and victims, identified intention to cause injuries, permanent treats of repeated violence and afraidness of the victims. Otherness and weakness (physical and social) of the victims are identified as the main motives of the perpetrators who decide to attack, and these characteristics form the basis of the victim typology. Due to the fact that the research is phenomenologically based mostly on media report on peer violence cases in the period between September 2011 and the end of 2012, the author illustrates all main statements with the real cases which took place in the focused period. Measures to combat peer violence are presented, like the already established such as the school without violence program, and those recently proposed, such as the so called Aleksa?s class.
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Bartholomew, Kim, Michael T. Schmitt, Liu Yang, and Katherine V. Regan. "Norms Regarding the Acceptability of Abuse in Heterosexual Dating Relationships." Partner Abuse 4, no. 4 (2013): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.4.4.463.
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We examined how individuals’ personal attitudes toward the acceptability of partner abuse relate to their perceptions of corresponding peer norms. University students (Study 1: N = 476; Study 2: N = 451) reported on their personal attitudes and their perceptions of other students’ attitudes toward male and female violence and psychological abuse in heterosexual dating relationships. Participants of both genders believed that their male peers were more accepting of male partner abuse than themselves, and that their female peers were more accepting of female partner abuse than themselves. Thus, discrepancies between personal attitudes and perceived norms were moderated by gender of the abuse perpetrator. As well, for participants of both genders, perceived female and male peer norms for dating abuse were independently associated with personal attitudes. However, only female norms were independently related to intentions to hit a dating partner in a hypothetical scenario. Discussion focuses on mechanisms underlying these effects, future research directions, and applications to programs to combat partner abuse.
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Edwards, Susan. "The Duplicity of Protection—Prosecuting Frightened Victims: An Act of Gender-Based Violence." Journal of Criminal Law 76, no. 1 (February 2012): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2012.76.1.749.
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This article considers the recent developments in the prosecution of perpetrators and victims of domestic violence, and focuses on domestic and European Court of Human Rights' jurisdiction. Particular consideration is given to hearsay and bad character provisions (Criminal Justice Act 2003) in bolstering the prosecution of perpetrators. The article examines the application by judges of the ‘interests of justice’ and ‘fairness' tests in the admission of such evidence. The recent prosecution of victims of domestic violence for contempt of court and perverting the course of justice because of their failure to give evidence is a serious breach of the state's obligation to protect, is vindictive and oppressive and, as such, perpetuates gender-based violence.
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Cannon, Claire. "Illusion of Inclusion: The Failure of the Gender Paradigm to Account for Intimate Partner Violence in LGBT Relationships." Partner Abuse 6, no. 1 (2015): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.6.1.65.
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This article examines the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature, particularly scholarship of the gender paradigm, for a heteronormative bias—normative expectations, constraints, and demands of heterosexuality. Beginning with a critique of the gender paradigm’s framing of IPV as an extension of patriarchy that assumes a male perpetuator and female victim, this article moves to examine research on female perpetrators to gain insight on alternative arrangements of perpetrators and victims. Next, this article analyzes heteronormative biases implicit in policy implications and intervention services of the dominant gender paradigm theoretical framework. Finally, we discuss treatment options for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender perpetrators, with suggestions for future services.
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Tosun Altınöz, Şengül, Ali Ercan Altınöz, Çisem Utku, Altan Eşsizoğlu, and Selçuk Candansayar. "Femicide: Psychosocial Characteristics of the Perpetrators in Turkey." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 13 (March 19, 2018): 4174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18763765.
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Female homicides are widely prevalent in Turkey with rising trend. The aim of this study is to identify gender role attitudes, childhood trauma histories, and individual characteristics of men who have been involved in the femicide, and to compare them with men who do not exercise violence against women. Participants completed a Sociodemographic and Clinical Information form, Semistructured Interview form, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Case group was not significantly different than the control group in terms of any measured individual characteristics including childhood traumas, psychopathology, and gender attitudes. Our data indicate that only migration history may be linked to femicide. A unique psychopathology that could be related to being a femicide perpetrator was not identified. Migration and perception of gender roles stand out as factors that separate men who exercise violence from men who do not.