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Journal articles on the topic 'Progressive cutting tools'
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1
Murakami, Daisuke. "The Development Trend of Cutting Tools." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.8.
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Cutting tools have been improved to endure severe environments in cutting operations. Especially, ceramic film coating technologies are important. Recently, film structure is optimized and tensile stress in film is controlled, as a result new tools which have the newest coating achieved double the tool life and 1.5 times higher efficiency compared with conventional tools. In tool design, progressive molding and sintering techniques allow more complicated tool shapes which have high rake angles to reduce cutting force, higher accuracy equivalent to grinding class tools and more excellent performance.
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Mrkvica, Ivan, Miroslav Janoš, and Petr Sysel. "Cutting Efficiency by Drilling with Tools from Different Materials." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1327.
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Development of cutting tools is basic condition for rationalization of process cutting because it goes out from need of processing new constructional materials. From view of tool it takes application progressive cutting materials. Cutting tools so relevantly make for accomplishment main demand on methods of cutting; it is provision of high productivity production and attainment of desideration of finish surface. It is known, that cutting property of cutting tool is influence by many factors.
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Matlygin, Georgy, Andrey Savilov, and Tatiana Zarak. "Analysis of progressive machining technologies for rotating cutting tools." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 24, no. 3 (June 2020): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2020-3-498-513.
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Li, An Hai, Jun Zhao, Z. Q. Pei, and S. G. Guo. "Progressive Tool Failure in High Speed End Milling of Inconel 718 with Coated Carbide Inserts." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.32.
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The failure progression of coated carbide tools in end milling of Inconel 718 superalloy was investigated. Tool wear was measured and failure mechanisms were discussed in the experimental process periodically. The experimental results indicated that the tool failure mechanisms were synergistic interaction among abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear. However, abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the main failure mechanisms at the beginning, fatigue wear prevailed the upper hand around the time when edge chipping appeared, and after edge chipping abrasive wear and adhesive wear dominated until the failure time. In addition, the macroscopic failure of the cutting tools is closely correlated to the nucleation and propagation of the crack under cyclic mechanical and thermal impact forces. Mechanical fatigue wear was the key form of fatigue wear at lower cutting speed, while at higher cutting speed thermal fatigue wear was the dominant fatigue wear.
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Mrkvica, Ivan, Ryszard Konderla, Jozef Jurko, Anton Panda, and Miroslav Neslušan. "Force Load of Cutting Tool by Turning of Nickel Alloy Inconel 718 with Sintered Carbide Insert." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.441.
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This article presents achieved results by measuring of force load of tool by turning of nickel alloy Inconel 718 with sintered carbide inserts with the progressive chip breaker designed by Pramet Tools Ltd. Company. Authors deal with studying of force load which is exposed the cutting tool by condition, when are achieved the limit values in view of tool wear. In the end it is carried out a comparision of intensity of cutting force components for these limit conditions.
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Wanigarathne, P. C., A. D. Kardekar, O. W. Dillon, G. Poulachon, and I. S. Jawahir. "Progressive tool-wear in machining with coated grooved tools and its correlation with cutting temperature." Wear 259, no. 7-12 (July 2005): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.01.046.
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Artamonov, Evgeniy V., Vitaliy V. Kireev, and Vitaliy A. Zyryanov. "An interlocking side mill with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of coarse-pitch tooth wheels." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401051.
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Nowadays Russian manufacturers of metal-cutting tools for machine-building industry do not offer structures of prefabricated cutting hobs with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of tooth wheels, though usage of retrofittable carbide blades allows to increase significantly working capacity and productivity of the processing. As of today creation of an assembly cutting tool for processing of tooth wheels with the retrofittable carbide blades is a big step forward for machine-building industry. A high quality tool allows warranting for a new equipment and making work of operators more productive. This paper offers a new technical solution providing increase of efficiency of processing by assembly tools with the retrofittable carbide blades made of a hard alloy. Due to usage of progressive cutting patterns division of a margin for straight-line segments and curved sections is performed. This division has a positive impact on cutting hard-alloy inserts and also reduces their wear and tear.
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Pa, Nik Masmiati Nik, Ahmed Aly Diaa Sarhan, Mohd Hamdi Abd Shukor, and Mohsen Abdelnaeim Hassanim Mohamed. "Investigate the Lubrication Effects on Cutting Force and Power Consumption in Up and Down End Milling." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.264.
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Milling is a machining process by which a surface is generated by a progressive chip removal. An experimental investigation has been carried out on the performance of up and down milling under dry and flood conditions when end milling medium carbon steel utilizing titanium coated carbide tools. The performances are evaluated in terms of the cutting force, specific energy and power of cutting tool. The results show that milling in dry condition under up milling mode produce higher cutting force, specific energy and power. However, cutting under down milling mode gives less significant effect either being cut in dry or flood condition.
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Xie, L. J., D. Zheng, C. Schmidt, and J. Schmidt. "Estimate of Tool Wear in Milling Operation Based on “Differential” Wear Rate Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.786.
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Many research show that in metal cutting process wear rate is dependent on the cutting process variables such as temperature at tool face, contact pressure (normal stress) and relative sliding velocity at tool/chip and tool/work interface; their relationship is described by “differential” wear rate model. Based on this “differential” wear rate model, a method to estimate tool wear in milling operation is proposed and the cutting process variables are predicted by performing chip formation analysis with FEM code ABAQUS/Explicit and heat transfer analysis with ABAQUS/Standard. The implementation is exemplified by estimating tool wear of carbide tools in milling of Ck45 work. Both progressive flank wear and crater wear profile are estimated.
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Dureja, J. S., V. K. Gupta, V. S. Sharma, and M. Dogra. "Wear mechanisms of coated mixed-ceramic tools during finish hard turning of hot tool die steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 1 (August 4, 2009): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1691.
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The present study aims to investigate the wear mechanisms of a TiN-coated mixed ceramic tool prevalent under different machining conditions during hard turning of hot tool die steel. The different wear mechanisms observed are abrasion wear at low cutting speed, low feed rate, and highest work piece hardness; formation of protective layer and built-up edge (BUE) resulting from tribochemical reactions between constituents of tool and work piece material at moderate speed. High temperature accompanied by high cutting speed resulted in the removal of the protective layer and suppressed the BUE formation. Hard carbide particles of work material at a higher feed rate severely gouged the tool flank land. Chipping and brittle fractures were observed at very low and high depth of cut. Adhesion of work piece material followed by plastic deformation and notching was clearly visible at low work piece hardness. The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and work piece hardness on the progressive tool flank wear, and flank wear rate (VBr-μm/km) in the steady wear region was also analysed.
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Labiapari, Wilian da Silva, Henara Lillian Costa, and José Daniel Biasoli De Mello. "Life of cutlery cutting tools: effects of surface finish." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2016-0131.
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Purpose The progressive wear of cutting tools used in industrial cutlery production results in excessive burr formation and reduces tool service life. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the sheet surface finish on tool wear and service life during blanking. Design/methodology/approach Two alternative surface finish techniques were proposed and initially implemented under laboratorial conditions and compared with conventional acid pickling. Those surface finish techniques were then implemented on an industrial scale to improve the service life of cutting tools. Industrial blanking tests characterized the effect of sheet surface finish on tool life. Findings In the first technique, called skin pass, an additional mechanical pass under controlled conditions reduced the height of the surface peaks and resulted in partial embedding of the carbides into the surface. The second technique, called electrochemical pickling, removed solely the surface carbides, leaving behind a smoother surface without carbides. Real industrial blanking tests identified that the use of skin pass reduced burr formation and increased tool life by around 300 per cent when compared with conventional acid pickling. With electrochemical pickling, burr formation was further reduced and tool life increased further by 300 per cent when compared with skin pass. Research limitations/implications First, this work proposes an alternative surface finishing technique (electrochemical pickling) to be used after annealing of stainless steel. Second, the work clearly shows the presence of protruding surface carbides when conventional surface finishing techniques are used, which do not exist after acid pickling. Practical implications When electrochemical pickling is implemented on an industrial scale, the life of blanking tools is substantially improved. Originality/value Although the sheet surface finish is widely recognized to affect metalforming processes, the literature lacks studies on the effect of sheet surface finish on tool wear during blanking. First, this work proposes an alternative surface finishing technique (electrochemical pickling) to be used after annealing of stainless steel. Second, the work clearly shows the presence of protruding surface carbides when conventional surface finishing techniques are used, which do not exist after acid pickling. Third, when electrochemical pickling is implemented on an industrial scale, the life of blanking tools is substantially improved.
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Šajgalík, Michal, Milena Kušnerová, Marta Harničárová, Jan Valíček, Andrej Czán, Tatiana Czánová, Mário Drbúl, Marian Borzan, and Ján Kmec. "Analysis and Prediction of the Machining Force Depending on the Parameters of Trochoidal Milling of Hardened Steel." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051788.
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Current demands on quality are the engine of searching for new progressive materials which should ensure enough durability in real conditions. Due to their mechanical properties, however, they cannot be applied to conventional machining methods. In respect to productivity, one of the methods is the finding of such machining technologies which allow achieving an acceptable lifetime of cutting tools with an acceptable quality of a machined surface. One of the mentioned technologies is trochoidal milling. Based on our previous research, where the effect of changing cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed per tooth, depth of cut) on tool lifetime was analysed, next, we continued with research on the influences of trochoid parameters on total machining force (step and engagement angle) as parameters adjustable in the CAM (computer-aided machining) system. The main contribution of this research was to create a mathematical-statistical model for the prediction of cutting force. This model allows setting up the trochoid parameters to optimize force load and potentially extend the lifetime of the cutting tool.
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Okhrimenko, Oleksandr, Vyacheslav Vovk, Serhii Maidaniuk, and Yuliia Lashyna. "Determining the width of a layer cut with saws with multidirectional teeth." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 1 (111) (June 16, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231779.
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To predict the workability of a tool structure at the design stage, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of the cut layer when this tool is used because the cut layer’s size determines the strength and dynamic characteristics of the cutting process. It is known that the size and shape of the cut layer are affected by the allowance cutting scheme embedded in the tool design. Therefore, the parameters of the cut layer with the tool must be investigated taking into consideration the actual shapes and location of the cutting edges of the tool teeth and the cutting scheme with individual teeth. Existing analytical dependences on determining the thickness of the cut layer do not take into consideration the group arrangement of the teeth, which have a different shape and location of their cutting edges. Therefore, a procedure for determining the thickness of the cut layer analytically has been proposed, using the example of circular saws with multidirectional teeth while taking into consideration the patterns in the arrangement of the cutting edges of individual teeth and the real movements of the tool during its operation. The proposed procedure makes it possible to determine the parameters of the layer cut with the tool at both constant and progressive allowance cutting schemes. One can also specify the parameters of the cut layer at any time of the tool’s operation and analyze the change in the shape of the slice in time. Based on the analysis of the parameters of the cut layer, it has been established that saws with multidirectional teeth do not work with the entire width of the cutting edge but only in its part, whose share does not exceed 55 % of the width of the tool. The procedure reported here could be used to determine the loading of the cutting tool part with a more complex cutting scheme, which also includes tools that are operated by the form-generating method
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Latushkina, Svetlana D., Pavel V. Rudak, Dmitri V. Kuis, Oxana G. Rudak, Olga I. Posylkina, Olga Y. Piskunova, Ján Kováč, Jozef Krilek, and Štefan Barcík. "Protective Woodcutting Tool Coatings." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 3 (2016): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664030835.
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The modern woodworking industry applies resource-saving, environmentally appropriate technologies, providing both the metal removal performance enhancement and functioning with the optimal economic factors. Progressive cutting parameters require the application of the high-reliability cutting tools, eliminating machine-tool equipment standstill and increased cost of the expensive tool materials. In this paper it is suggested to increase the wood-cutting tool efficiency by means of the vacuum-arc separated coating deposition process optimization. The droplets are one of the main problems while generating vacuum-arc coatings, and they have a bad influence on the quality and operational coatings characteristics. The application of the separated system, allowing minimize the droplets content, is one of the most promising ways to solve this problem. Vacuum-arc deposition technique was used in this work to generate multicomponent coatings. The coatings deposition was directly carried out on the modernized vacuum-arc plant, equipped by Y-shaped macroparticles separator.
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Czán, Andrej, Ondrej Kubala, Igor Danis, Tatiana Czánová, Jozef Holubják, and Matej Mikloš. "Identification of Technological Parameters of Ni-Alloys When Machining by Monolithic Ceramic Milling Tool." Technological Engineering 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2017-0014.
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Abstract The ever-increasing production and the usage of hard-to-machine progressive materials are the main cause of continual finding of new ways and methods of machining. One of these ways is the ceramic milling tool, which combines the pros of conventional ceramic cutting materials and pros of conventional coating steel-based insert. These properties allow to improve cutting conditions and so increase the productivity with preserved quality known from conventional tools usage. In this paper, there is made the identification of properties and possibilities of this tool when machining of hard-to-machine materials such as nickel alloys using in airplanes engines. This article is focused on the analysis and evaluation ordinary technological parameters and surface quality, mainly roughness of surface and quality of machined surface and tool wearing.
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Dureja, J. S., V. K. Gupta, V. S. Sharma, and M. Dogra. "Wear mechanisms of TiN-coated CBN tool during finish hard turning of hot tool die steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 224, no. 4 (October 26, 2009): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1664.
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The aim of the present investigation was to identify the wear mechanisms of TiN-coated CBN tools prevalent under different machining conditions during hard turning of hot tool die steel. The different wear mechanisms observed were abrasion wear at low cutting speed, low feed rate, and high workpiece hardness; formation of a transferred layer resulting from tribochemical reactions between constituents of the tool and workpiece material at high speed; and the formation of built-up edges at moderate cutting speed. Hard carbide particles of the work material at higher feed rate severely abraded the tool flank land, resulting in shallow grooves due to the detachment of CBN grains. At greater depth of cut, the built-up edges and transferred layer reduced friction and tool wear. Excessive adhesion of workpiece material followed by plastic deformation and notching were clearly visible at low workpiece hardness (47 HRC). The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and workpiece hardness on the progressive tool flank wear, i.e. flank wear rate (VBr, μm/mm) in the steady wear region, was also analysed. The flank wear rate was observed to decrease with increase in cutting speed, depth of cut, and workpiece hardness, but after an initial decrease it increased with increase in feed rate.
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Huang, Yong, and Steven Y. Liang. "Modeling of Cutting Forces Under Hard Turning Conditions Considering Tool Wear Effect." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 2 (April 25, 2005): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1852571.
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Quantitative understanding of cutting forces under hard turning conditions is important for thermal modeling, tool life estimation, chatter prediction, and tool condition monitoring purposes. Although significant research has been documented on the modeling of forces in the turning operation in general, turning of hardened materials involves several distinctive process conditions, including negative tool rake angle, large tool nose radius, and rapid tool wear. These process conditions warrant specific treatment in the analysis of cutting forces. This paper first addresses these issues by formulating an oblique chip formation force model through the extension of a two-dimensional (2D) mechanistic force model while considering the effect of tool geometry complexities. The coefficients of the mechanistic force model are estimated by applying a genetic algorithm in overcoming the lack of explicit normal equations. Then the forces occurring due to flank wear are modeled by extending a 2D worn tool force modeling approach into a three-dimensional analysis to accommodate the effect of low feed rate, small depth of cut, and relatively large tool nose radius in hard turning. The total cutting forces are the linear summation of forces due to chip formation and forces due to flank wear. The model-predicted forces match well with experimental results in the turning of hardened 52100 bearing steel under practical cutting conditions (low feed rate, small depth of cut, and gentle cutting speed) using cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools under the progressive tool flank wear conditions.
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Artamonov, E. V., V. V. Kireev, and V. A. Zyryanov. "Modeling of process of gear milling for definition of the intense deformed state in replaceable many-sided plates of a worm mill." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800024.
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The tool equipment plays an important role in work of machine-building enterprises. One of the most important elements of equipment is the metal-cutting tool [1]. Replacement of the tool from HSS of steel on the cutting tool with use of WC-Co [2-7] sintered hard alloys gives increase in productivity and overall effectiveness of processing [8-11]. When the cutting ability of material of the tool increases, the universality of its application decreases therefore the most rational is comprehensive research approach which considers design of the tool the used WC-Co hard alloy. Design, production and testing of the toothed cutting tools, working off of the modes of cutting have to be carried out concerning a specific work piece and its material. When developing this kind of the tool it is necessary to consider features of WC-Co alloy as the cutting material, the cutting modes, destruction of the tool and other moments connected with its use. Influence of an initial contour on distribution of tension in the replaceable cutting many-sided plate. Results of calculation of the intense deformed state in a replaceable plate from the material WC-Co. Zones of stretching and compression are observed on the main cutting edge. Concentration of the dangerous stretching tension is located in a transitional zone between the direct side cutting edge to top as in this zone there is the greatest constraint of cutting. Respectively, the greatest destruction will happen in this zone. Important, the fact that in this part of the cutting edge there will be the biggest wear on a back surface. The analysis of isolines of distribution of tension showed that the stretching tension along a front surface of the replaceable cutting plate decreases because each replaceable cutting plate cuts off the part of material. First, work is entered by the made narrower cutting plate which cuts off metal an upper part of the cutting plate, and then the underestimated cutting plate which works with the side cutting edges works. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that with the progressive scheme of cutting in comparison with the standard scheme of cutting at which the initial profile of the making rail is made on DIN3972 at gear milling, dangerous tensile stresses in the cutting hard-alloy plates significantly decrease.
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Villarreal-López, Jesús David, William Arnulfo Aperador-Chaparro, and Jairo Rafael Cortes-Lizarazo. "Análisis del Mecanizado en herramientas de acero rápido recubiertas con nitruro de vanadio." Respuestas 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.784.
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Mediante la técnica de deposición física fase vapor (PVD) usando el método por magnetrón sputtering, se logró el recubrimiento en forma de monocapas de nitruro de vanadio sobre herramientas de acero rápido ASSAB 17® usados para el mecanizado por arranque de viruta en probetas de acero UNS G1020 para operaciones de cilindrado. Se realizaron cambios progresivos en los parámetros de corte tomando datos de temperatura sobre la herramienta, la probeta y el material removido para su posterior análisis y comparación con los datos obtenidos del mismo proceso realizado con herramientas sin ningún recubrimiento. Subsiguientemente se hizo la caracterización morfológica del recubrimiento mediante microscopio electrónico de barrido a las herramientas de corte. Se cuantificó la rugosidad de cada pobreta, característica fundamental para observar el aumento de la vida útil de la herramienta de corte y la reducción en los tiempos y costos de producción. Los resultados fueron contundentes, justificados en el incremento del desempeño en el arranque de material, mejor transferencia energética en el corte superior acabado superficial en las probetas.Palabras clave: Herramienta, mecanizado, vida útil.AbstractUsing the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique with magnetron sputtering, we achieved monolayer-coating with vanadium nitride on ASSAB 17TM high speed steel tools used for machining UNS G1020 steal probes in turning operations by chip removal. We performed progressive changes in the cutting parameters, recording data related to temperature of the cutting tool, the graduated cylinder and the removed material for later analysis and comparison with similar data from the process performed with non-coated tools. Subsequently the morphologic characterization of the coating was carried out using scan electron microscope on the cutting tools. Graduate cylinder roughness was quantified to observe the lifetime extension and reduction of production cost reduction derived from the use of coated tools. The results were conclusive, justified in the increased performance in material removal, enhanced energetic transfer during cut and improved surface finished in the probes.Keywords: tool, machining; useful life.
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Brenner, D., F. Kleinert, F. Schröter, and E. Westkämper. "Die lebenszyklusorientierte Wertstromanalyse*/Life cycle-oriented value stream mapping – Comprehensively identifying digitization options in the life cycle of cutting tools." wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, no. 11-12 (2018): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-11-12-81.
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Aus der fortschreitenden Entwicklung informationstechnischer Kommunikation zur Vernetzung aller Prozesse im Werkzeuglebenszyklus und der Technologie zur Prozessbeobachtung ergeben sich neue Potenziale zur Systemeffizienzsteigerung des Werkzeugwesens. Zur Identifikation der Verbesserungspotenziale bedarf es eines lebenszyklusorientierten Ansatzes zur Analyse des Materialflusses und der Informationsverarbeitung. Der Aufsatz stellt eine Erweiterung der Wertstrommethode vor. The progressive development of information technology and process monitoring systems opens up new opportunities for increasing the efficiency of tool life cycle systems. To identify potential areas for improvement, a life cycle-oriented approach is needed to analyze the material flow and the processing of information. This paper presents an extension of the value stream mapping method.
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Krol, Oleg, and Volodymyr Sokolov. "RATIONAL CHOICE OF MACHINING TOOLS USING PREDICTION PROCEDURES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 4 (July 31, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00667.
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Introducing the methods and procedures for predictive analysis into the design process contours of a variety of machining tools (MT) of metal cutting machines is the main aim of this article. A sequence of realization of prediction object (PO) choice as an initial stage of search of perspective designs is offered. Effective in this regard is the "Tree of objectives" apparatus, on the basis of which many ways of improving MT are formed, selecting progressive (reducing the dimension of the problem) at each level of the hierarchy of the constructed graph-tree. The procedure for selecting the prediction method (PM) as a means of generating the forecast data is developed. The task of choosing a method is structured in detail and uses "Information supply"as the main criterion. To this end, assessment scales of choice criteria have been formed, on the basis of which it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness for the PM selection process. The rules forPOcoding are introduced by a three-element information code, including information source classes – static data, expert estimates and patent data. The process of forecasting the MT components by the method of engineering forecasting on the basis of a representative patent fund is realized. The General Definition Table has been built (GDT "Machining tools") and estimates of the prospects of design solutions have been obtained. A fragment of the database of 3D models of promising MT designs in the integrated computer-aided design KOMPAS-3D is proposed.
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BELASHOVA, I. S., L. N. RABINSKI, and O. V. TURSHAVINA. "EVALUATION OF HARDENING EFFICIENCY WITH CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER MECHANISM DURING LASER SURFACE ALLOYING IN REFLOW MODE." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 33 (March 20, 2019): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n33.2019.513_periodico33_pgs_498_504.pdf.
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The modern stage of equipment development imposes increased requirements for the performance characteristics of parts. Different components and parts of machines, metal-cutting tools and metal structural elements work in the conditions of high friction, high specific loads, high temperatures, a wide range of speeds and impact of aggressive media, for instance. Therefore, improvement the quality, reliability, economical efficiency and productivity of machines, tools, equipment and other engineering products as well as reduction of their specific material consumption and energy consumption is achieved primarily by the use of materials and progressive strengthening technology that improve the hardening, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other physical and mechanical properties of machine parts and tool. Therefore, the main objective of the paper was to evaluate the mass-transfer during laser surface alloying in the reflow mode. To evaluate the effectiveness of surface hardening technology, it was proposed to use two new parameters – reduced wear and reduced integrated micro hardness of the modified surface layer. Based on an analysis of the experimental data on the wear of a cutter made of HVG and U10 steel, processed by a laser with smears in the reflow mode, the existence of a correlation between the entered parameters is demonstrate and the regression equation is obtained. The proposed approach to evaluating the effectiveness of surface hardening can be used not only in the special case of laser modification but also for any other technology for creating gradient and functional coatings.
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Калиниченко, Николай Юрьевич. "ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПЛАНЕТАРНЫХ ШЛИФОВАЛЬНЫХ ГОЛОВОК." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.15.
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The development of aviation technology is based on the introduction of new progressive technologies, the use of new materials, the improvement of technological equipment and tools. Improving aircraft engines often leads to greater use of wear-resistant, heat-resistant, heat-resistant materials based on nickel and titanium, which are characterized by low machinability. Blade processing of such alloys faces many difficulties: increased equipment wear, increased machine setup time for the operation, high cutting forces, increased wear of the cutting tool, increased processing time, etc. All this harms productivity, an increase in production time and a decrease in economic efficiency. The use of the operation of creep feed grinding instead of blade milling operations, pulling, planning and abrasive operations (pre-grinding, final grinding) reduces the time to manufacture parts while maintaining its quality and accuracy. The study of the technical and economic aspect of the proposed technology of creep feed grinding instead of preliminary and final grinding operations is of interest. The paper compares two methods of abrasive machining: traditional grinding and creep feed grinding on the SPD-30B surface grinder from Jotes (Poland) with a planetary grinding head (PGH) installed on its spindle. The study was conducted when grinding the castle part of turbine blades. The removable allowance was 3.8 mm. The processing according to the traditional grinding scheme took place in 10 passes, while the processing time was about three and a half minutes. The processing under the scheme of creep feed grinding with the use of PGH for 4 passes took about a minute of machine time. It should be noted a significant increase in productivity at the first transition when removing an allowance of 3.5 mm in the mode of deep grinding compared to traditional grinding 2.1 times. On the second and third transitions, the performance of both methods is virtually the same.
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Proffitt, Rachel, and Belinda Lange. "Considerations in the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Moving the Field Forward." Physical Therapy 95, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130571.
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In the past 2 decades, researchers have demonstrated the potential for virtual reality (VR) technologies to provide engaging and motivating environments for stroke rehabilitation interventions. Much of the research has been focused on the exploratory phase, and jumps to intervention efficacy trials and scale-up evaluation have been made with limited understanding of the active ingredients in a VR intervention for stroke. The rapid pace of technology development is an additional challenge for this emerging field, providing a moving target for researchers developing and evaluating potential VR technologies. Recent advances in customized games and cutting-edge technology used for VR are beginning to allow for researchers to understand and control aspects of the intervention related to motivation, engagement, and motor control and learning. This article argues for researchers to take a progressive, step-wise approach through the stages of intervention development using evidence-based principles, take advantage of the data that can be obtained, and utilize measurement tools to design effective VR interventions for stroke rehabilitation that can be assessed through carefully designed efficacy and effectiveness trials. This article is motivated by the recent calls in the field of rehabilitation clinical trials research for carefully structured clinical trials that have progressed through the phases of research.
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Ni, Xiuying, Jun Zhao, Fuzeng Wang, Feng Gong, Xin Zhong, and Haiwang Tao. "Failure analysis of ceramic tool in intermittent turning of hardened steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 12 (February 8, 2017): 2140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416684156.
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The aim of this investigation is to identify the Al2O3-(W, Ti)C ceramic fracture modes and failure mechanisms under different cutting speeds and feed rates during intermittent turning of hardened 20CrMnTi steel. The failure surfaces of the cutting tools were examined by digital optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The cutting forces and transient temperature in the intermittent turning process were measured during the entire life cycle. The experimental results showed that the cutting forces exhibited an increasing trend with the tool failure progression, which in turn accelerated the tool failure progression. The main failure modes of ceramic tools were wear and micro-chipping in the initial stage and final fractures, resulting from mechanical damage and thermal damage in intermittent turning processes. And the cutting temperature increased with the increase in cutting speed. The cutting speeds and feed rates were closely correlated with ceramic tool fracture modes and failure mechanisms. Furthermore, the combination of cutting parameters was divided into four regions with different fracture modes and failure mechanisms of cutting tools according to the fracture morphology of cutting tools. This partitioning analysis can provide a basis for the design and development of different ceramic cutting tools with the desired properties for different applications.
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Kato, Hideharu, Noriyuki Takase, Kentaro Watanabe, Tatsuya Shikimura, and Kazuyuki Kubota. "Cutting Performance of Coated Cemented Carbide Tool in Driven Rotary Cutting of Hardened Steel." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0049.
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Recently, cutting has replaced grinding in the finishing process for hardened steel. However, tool damage is a major problem in high-efficiency operations that use high-speed cutting and high-feed rate conditions rather than more conventional cutting conditions. Therefore, a new cutting technique that can realize high-efficiency cutting is desired. In our previous study, the processing efficiency was improved three to five times compared with conventional hardened steel cutting by driven rotary cutting. Furthermore, to attain high efficiency, the resistance of the tool material to wear and oxidation must be improved. In this study, the cutting performance of tools with an Al-rich coating, which improves oxidation resistance, is investigated for high cutting speed applications. In the present experiments, the flank wear of the Al-rich tool was less than 40 μm at a high cutting speed of 2.51 m/s, even for a cutting length of 10.0 km. Additionally, the Al-rich tool wear advanced progressively without flaking. In contrast, the conventional TiAlN-coated tools exhibited serious failure at cutting lengths of 3.0 km. It is thought that the difference in the oxidation resistance of the two tools influenced the cutting performance. Therefore, the tool with the Al-rich coating can operate with a high efficiency even at high cutting speeds.
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Cho, S. S., and K. Komvopoulos. "Cutting Force Variation Due to Wear of Multi-Layer Ceramic Coated Tools." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834193.
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Cutting forces were measured during turning AISI 4340 steel with uncoated, two-layer coated (TiC/Al2O3), and three-layer coated (TiC/Al2O3/TiN) cemented WC-Co inserts possessing chip-breaker grooves in order to investigate the progression of tool wear. The variations of cutting force signals are interpreted in light of predominant wear mechanisms. A characteristic feature of wearing coated tools is shown to be the rapid increase of the radial and axial cutting forces when the tool life is reached. This behavior is associated with both the increase of the real contact area on the nose and the flank face due to coating delamination and the relatively less severe wear on the rake face. Normalizing the cutting forces by those of unworn tools yields a single curve for each cutting force. The instant at which either the radial or the axial force deviates from these curves determines the wear life of coated tools. The good agreement between results for the wear life of coated tools obtained from cutting force and nose wear measurements suggests that the wear life of multilayer ceramic coated tools can be accurately determined by monitoring the cutting force response.
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Knowles, Nikolas K., and Isha DeCoito. "Biomedical engineering undergraduate education: A Canadian perspective." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 48, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419018791526.
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Background With an aging population and increasing demand on health care systems, biomedical engineering as an undergraduate program fits a growing societal need. As such, many Canadian universities have implemented biomedical engineering undergraduate programs. This provides a unique opportunity for core engineering faculty, engineering education researchers, and curriculum specialists to implement proven educational theories in the core curriculum of these programs to ensure exemplary and competent Canadian-trained biomedical engineering graduates. Purpose This paper discusses the need for biomedical engineering as a core undergraduate program in Canada, the historical context of educational theories as related to biomedical undergraduate engineering education, a framework for the implementation of proven strategies, and learner-centric methods that benefit the learner, mentor, and society as a whole. Scope/method: The historical context of curriculum theories related to biomedical engineering undergraduate education, evaluation of the intrinsic and extrinsic curriculum theories in current biomedical engineering undergraduate education, educating progressive learners and development of future biomedical engineering undergraduate education curriculum, is explored. Conclusion The integration of educational theories in the development of a biomedical engineering undergraduate engineering education is essential to ensure learners are provided with opportunities to experience cutting edge, quality engineering education. Empirical evidence demonstrates the successful implementation of applied methodologies such as model-electing activities, problem-based learning, and the flipped classroom. Providing biomedical engineering faculty with professional development opportunities around the successfully implementation of these tools aimed at culturally diverse, globalized 21st-century learners, can be catalytic in shifting to a new paradigm for engineering education in Canada and globally.
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Younas, Muhammad, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Mushtaq Khan, Riaz Ahmad, Liaqat Ali, Zarak Khan, and Aftab Khan. "Tool Wear Progression and its Effect on Energy Consumption in Turning of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)." Mechanical Sciences 10, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-373-2019.
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Abstract. To achieve greater productivity, titanium alloy requires cutting at higher speeds (above 100 m min−1) that affects the tool life and energy consumption during the machining process. This research work correlates the wear progression and Specific Cutting Energy (SCE) in turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy using H13 tools (uncoated carbide) in dry conditions from low to high cutting speeds. Cutting condition employed in this study were selected from published wear map developed for titanium (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) with the same tool. Flank wear growth of the tool has been investigated at different length of cuts in correlation with the SCE under different cutting conditions. The useful tool life was found to be shorter at high-speed machining conditions, thus the end of useful tool life criteria (ISO 3685) was reached at a much shorter length of cuts as compared to low-speed machining conditions. The cutting conditions corresponding to high wear rate also resulted in high SCE. Finally, SCE and wear have been related by a linear relationship that can be used to monitor wear and/or SCE utilization during machining. The results help in the selection of appropriate cutting conditions that will enhance the tool life and minimize SCE consumption during machining titanium alloy.
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Madhavan, V., S. Chandrasekar, and T. N. Farris. "Direct Observations of the Chip-Tool Interface in the Low Speed Cutting of Pure Metals." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1398546.
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An experimental study of the chip-tool interface and its evolution in the low speed cutting of metals has been carried out. Specially prepared transparent glass and sapphire tools have been used to cut commercially pure metals such as lead, aluminum and copper. The chip-tool interface has been observed in situ using optical microscopy and recorded on film and video tape. By observing the motion of inhomogeneities in the chip, and profilometry of the chip and tool surfaces, it has been established that there is intimate sliding contact between the chip and the tool at and near the cutting edge. Farther away from the cutting edge and close to the end of the chip-tool contact, metal transfer and sticking are observed between the chip and tool surfaces. It has been shown that metal deposition on the rake face initially occurs near the point at which the chip curls out of contact with the tool and progressively extends outward and away from the cutting edge in conjunction with an increase in the length of contact as cutting progresses. The sticking and sliding zones are unchanged when these pure metals are machined with tungsten carbide tools.
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Mirisidis, Ioannis. "Cutting forces prediction and thermal distribution considering various cutting parameters and wear progression in drilling." International Journal of Structural Integrity 7, no. 6 (December 5, 2016): 712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2015-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a finite element method (FEM) supported simulation of drilling process applied to superficially hardened steels and assess the heat treatments effect on the optimum drilling conditions (feed rate, speed, etc.). Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional model was developed simulating the drilling procedure while experimental data, concerning the chip geometry and force components, were used to validate the model. The developed simulation will allow systematically insight on the tools wear progression induced by the developed temperature and stress fields. Two different cases of simulation were examined. A typical simulation was investigated, which erected with all the standard features found in the FEM simulation software. In the second case, all the experimental data were introduced. Findings The simulation results revealed that the advanced developed FEM model describes sufficiently the real chip geometry. Moreover, the FEM calculations provide an effective tool for predicting occurring temperatures, strain and stresses and thus for approaching the real loads of the cutting tool during drilling. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study the drilling simulation.
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Kannan, S., H. A. Kishawy, and M. Balazinski. "Flank Wear Progression During Machining Metal Matrix Composites." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 3 (November 28, 2005): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2164508.
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The machining of composites present a significant challenge to the industry. The abrasive reinforcements cause rapid tool wear and increases the machining cost. The results from machining metal matrix composites (MMCs) with conventional tools show that the main mechanism of tool wear includes two-body abrasion and three-body abrasion. A more flexible method that can be considered as a cost-saving technique is therefore sought for studying the machinability characteristics of these materials. In the previous paper, a methodology for predicting the tool flank wear progression during bar turning of MMCs was presented (Kishawy, Kannan, and Balazinski, Ann. CIRP, 54/1, pp. 55–59). In the proposed model, the wear volume due to two-body and three-body abrasion mechanisms was formulated. Then, the flank wear rate was quantified by considering the tool geometry in three-dimensional (3D) turning. Our main objective in this paper is to validate the proposed model by conducting extensive bar turning experiments under a wide range of cutting conditions, tool geometries, and composite material compositions. The cutting test results showed good agreement between predicted and measured tool wear progression.
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Jia, Peng, M. Zhou, and S. N. Huang. "Progressive Tool Wear in Diamond Cutting of Glass Soda-Lime." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.138.
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For the technology of diamond cutting of optical glass, the high tool wear rate is a main reason for hindering the practical application of this technology. Minimizing the tool wear is of great significance in order to achieve the satisfactory surface quality and dimensional accuracy. For in depth understanding of the tool wear mechanisms, experiments of diamond turning with cutting distance increased gradually was carried out on soda-lime glass in this work. Experimental results indicate that the flank wear was predominant in diamond cutting glass and the flank wear land was characterized by micro-grooves, some smooth crater on the rake face was also seen. The mainly mechanisms inducing tool wear in diamond cutting of glass are diffusion, mechanical friction, thermo-chemical action and abrasive wear.
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Liang, Yu Teng, and Yih Chih Chiou. "Tool Wear Monitoring: An Automated System Based on Multiple Cutting Force Parameters and Machine Vision Technique." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.5.
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This study proposes a tool wear automatic monitoring system based on multiple parameters analysis of cutting force and machine vision technique. A drilling model of cutting parameters (cutting force, coating layer, spindle speed and feed rate) and tool condition (focusing on tool flank wear measurement and analysis) was developed. The experimental design methods developed in this study can be used to optimize cutting parameters efficiently and reliably. The drilling model based on cutting parameters was constructed using Taguchi method. This method enabled evaluation of wear status based on the actual force obtained from a dynamometer. The derived relation is useful for in-process wear monitoring. Tool wear dynamics are extremely complex and not yet fully understood. Therefore, vision-based tool wear monitoring techniques can help elucidate wear progression. In this study, a drilling model based on the machine vision technique was used to establish a direct relation between cutting parameters and tool wear. The object of the experiments was to measure the flank wear of cutting tools with various coatings. The experimental results show that the monitoring system clarifies the relationships between cutting force and multiple cutting parameters.
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Maropoulos, P. G. "Cutting Tool Selection: An Intelligent Methodology and its Interfaces with Technical and Planning Functions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 1 (February 1992): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_055_02.
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This paper presents a new cutting tool selection methodology, namely the intelligent tool selection (ITS), which covers the whole spectrum of tool specification and usage in machining environments. The selection process has five distinct levels and starts by deriving a local optimum solution at the process planning level, which is progressively optimized in the wider context of the shop-floor. Initially, multiple tools are selected for each machining operation and tool lists are formed by sorting selected tools in order of preference. The second selection level provides a tooling solution for a component by considering all the operations required as well as the characteristics of the machine tool. The selected tools are then rationalized by forming a set of tools for machining a variety of components on a given machine tool at level 3 and by increasing the use of common and standard tools within a group of machines at level 4. Finally, the fifth level aims at reducing tool inventory by classifying existing tools into categories according to their usage and is also used for introducing new tools into the manufacturing system. The selection method allows the implementation of the minimal storage tooling (MST) concept, by linking the ordering of new and replacement tools to production control. ITS also uses the concept of tool resources structure (TRS), which specifies all tooling resources required for producing a component. By using the framework provided by ITS, TRS and MST it can be shown that tooling technology interfaces with diverse company functions from design and process planning to material/tool scheduling and tool management. The selection methodology results in higher utilization of tools, improved efficiency of machining processes and reduced tool inventory.
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Ishfaq, Kashif, Irfan Anjum, Catalin Iulian Pruncu, Muhammad Amjad, M. Saravana Kumar, and Muhammad Asad Maqsood. "Progressing towards Sustainable Machining of Steels: A Detailed Review." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 5162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185162.
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Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting fluid, and about 80% of skin diseases are due to mist and fumes generated by cutting oils. Environmental legislation and operators’ safety demand the minimal use of cutting fluid and proper disposal of used cutting oil. The disposal cost is huge, about two times higher than the machining cost. To improve occupational health and safety and the reduction of product costs, companies are moving towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, this review article emphasizes the sustainable machining aspects of steel by employing techniques that require the minimal use of cutting oils, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication, and other efficient techniques like cryogenic cooling, dry cutting, solid lubricants, air/vapor/gas cooling, and cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment on tools and the use of vegetable oils or biodegradable oils instead of mineral oils are used as primary techniques to enhance the overall part quality, which leads to longer tool life with no negative impacts on the environment. To further help the manufacturing community in progressing towards industry 4.0 and obtaining net-zero emissions, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent, state of the art sustainable techniques used for machining steel materials/components by which the industry can massively improve their product quality and production.
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Dawson, Ty G., and Thomas R. Kurfess. "Modeling the Progression of Flank Wear on Uncoated and Ceramic-Coated Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Tools in Hard Turning." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 1 (December 22, 2004): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039097.
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Accurate wear modeling has always been desired, but has also been difficult and elusive. Most useful wear models have relied on experimental calibration because the physical wear mechanisms are not fully understood. This is particularly true in machining, where contact stresses and temperatures can be extremely high. In machining, the two wear modes most frequently discussed are crater wear and flank wear. Flank wear receives much more attention because it is easier to measure and the mechanism of material loss is thought to be better understood for most machining situations. This work focuses on flank wear for the same reasons. In hard turning, tool life is relatively short and both crater wear and flank wear influence the cutting process substantially. Understanding the progression of flank wear at various cutting conditions is beneficial in itself, but the ability to predict this progression will be extremely valuable. This work addresses both. Experimental flank wear progression is shown for uncoated and ceramic-coated polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools at a range of cutting conditions. These data are used to calibrate a proposed mechanical wear model that predicts the progression of flank wear and tool failure points based on the cutting speed, feed, and cutting depth. The model was validated by additional experiments, which show good agreement with the predictions.
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El Ouafi, Abderrazak, Michel Guillot, and Noureddine Barka. "Cutting Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining Processes - A Comprehensive Approach Using ANN Based Multisensor Fusion Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.966.
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On-line cutting tool condition monitoring becomes one of the most critical requirements in machining processes for improving the efficiency and the autonomy of CNC machine tools. The processes can be significantly improved by using an intelligent integration of sensor information to detect and identify accurately the tool condition under various cutting parameters. This paper presents a structured and comprehensive approach for tool condition monitoring in machining processes using ANN based multisensor fusion strategy. Various sensing techniques are combined to select suitable monitoring indices and several models are proposed to establish the relationship between tool condition and the selected monitoring indices. The proposed approach is built progressively by examining monitoring indices from various aspects and making monitoring decision step by step. The results indicate a significant improvement and a good reliability in identifying various tool conditions regardless of the variation in cutting parameters.
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Yazid, M. Z. A., C. H. Che Hassan, A. G. Jaharah, A. I. Gusri, and M. S. Ahmad Yasir. "Tool Wear of PVD Coated Carbide Tool when Finish Turning Inconel 718 under High Speed Machining." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1004.
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This paper reports the results of an experimental works, where Inconel 718, a highly corrosive resistant, nickel-based super alloy, was finish-turning under high speed conditions. The machining processes were carried out at three different cutting conditions (DRY, MQL 50 ml/h and MQL 100 ml/h), three levels of cutting speed (Vc=90, 120 and 150 m/min), two levels of feed rate (f=0.10 and 0.15 mm/rev) and two levels of cutting depth (d=0.30 and 0.50 mm). The tool wear and flank wear progression were monitored, measured and recorded progressively at various time intervals. The experiments indicated that MQL condition performs better than dry condition in term of tool life. Most of the tool failures during machining were due to gradual failure where abrasive and notching wear on the flank face was the dominant followed by, fracture on the flank edge and nose radius. Tool failure due to crater wear was not significant. Wear mechanism such as abrasive and adhesion were observed on the flank face and diffusion wear was observed on the rake face.
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Ashaari Kiprawi, Mohammad, Abdullah Yassin, Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali, M. Shahidul Islam, and Mohd Azrin Mohd Said. "Assessment of Cutting Profile of AISI 1095 by Using Infrared Radiation Approach." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (August 2, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16680.
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This research paper determines the relationship between cutting edge temperature, depth of cut, cutting speed, cutting forces and flank wear. The cutting edge temperature is determined by using a pyrometer consists of Indium Arsenide (InAs) and Indium Antimonide (InSb) photocells to detect infrared radiation that are released from cutting tool’s edge and cutting forces is measured by using a dynamometer. The machining process experiment is done by end milling the outer surface of AISI 1095 carbon steel. The output signal from the photocell and dynamometer is processed and recorded in the digital oscilloscope. Based on the results, the cutting edge temperature and cutting force increases as the depth of cut increases. Meanwhile, increasing cutting speed resulting in cutting edge temperature increases but decreasing in cutting force due to thermal deformation. Also, existence of progressive flank wear at cutting tool causes an increment in cutting edge temperature and cutting force proportionally.
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Fang, X. D., and Y. L. Yao. "In-process Evaluation of the Overall Machining Performance in Finish-Turning via Single Data Source." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831127.
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Sensor fusion often uses multiple sensors to evaluate a single quantity. The work presented in this paper attempts to use information from a single sensor to estimate overall machining performance (characterized by cutting forces, chip breakability, surface roughness, and dimensional deviation due to tool wear). In particular, the performance is aimed at reflecting the in-process changes of the above-named quantities with respect to tool wear progression (major flank, crater and minor flank wear). 3-D cutting force measured by a tool dynamometer is fully utilized by aggregating multivariate time series models and neural network techniques. Dispersion analysis is used to extract signal features which correlate well with progressive tool wear. The results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method which also has the obvious merit of simplicity.
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Kaya, Eren, and İrfan Kaya. "Tool wear progression of PCD and PCBN cutting tools in high speed machining of NiTi shape memory alloy under various cutting speeds." Diamond and Related Materials 105 (May 2020): 107810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107810.
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Kasim, N. A., M. Z. Nuawi, J. A. Ghani, M. Rizal, M. A. F. Ahmad, and C. H. Che Haron. "Cutting tool wear progression index via signal element variance." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 4596–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.17.0387.
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This paper presents a new statistical-based method of cutting tool wear progression in a milling process called Z-rotation method in association with tool wear progression. The method is a kurtosis-based that calculates the signal element variance from its mean as a measurement index. The measurement index can be implicated to determine the severity of wear. The study was conducted to strengthen the shortage in past studies notably considering signal feature extraction for the disintegration of non-deterministic signals. The Cutting force and vibration signals were measured as a tool of sensing element to study wear on the cutting tool edge at the discrete machining conditions. The monitored flank wear progression by the value of the RZ index, which then outlined in the model data pattern concerning wear and number of samples. Throughout the experimental studies, the index shows a significant degree of nonlinearity that appears in the measured impact. For that reason, the accretion of force components by Z-rotation method has successfully determined the abnormality existed in the signal data for both force and vibration. It corresponds to the number of cutting specifies a strong correlation over wear evolution with the highest correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.8702 and the average value of R2 = 0.8147. The index is more sensitive towards the end of the wear stage compared to the previous methods. Thus, it can be utilised to be the alternative experimental findings for monitoring tool wear progression by using threshold values on certain cutting condition.
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Denkena, Berend, Jens Köhler, Roland Meyer, and Jan-Hendrik Stiffel. "Modification of the Tool-Workpiece Contact Conditions to Influence the Tool Wear and Workpiece Loading During Hard Turning." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 3 (May 5, 2011): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0353.
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Tool wear during hard machining leads to unfavourable changes in the workpiece surface and subsurface layers. Due to increasing flank wear, thermal and mechanical loads affect the microstructure and the residual stress state of the workpiece subsurface. These effects cause a reduction in the lifetime of the machined components during operation. This article presents an approach of modified corner radii of cutting tools for hard turning processes to change the tool wear progression and the influence on the machined subsurface layers. Hereby the size and direction of the contact length of the cutting edge is adjusted as well as the specific load during machining. The results show the potential of controlling the tool wear and the workpiece subsurface properties by the contact conditions of the tool-workpiece interface during hard turning.
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Odedeyi, Peter Babatunde, and Khaled Abou-El-Hossein. "Tool Wear Progression and Optimization in End Milling of AISI 316 Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 1013 (October 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1013.33.
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The high-performance machining of difficult-to-cut stainless steel (AISI 316) demands the development and optimization of high-performance tools that can withstand tool load without compromising the surface quality of the components been produced. To justify the optimization feasibility of coated carbide tool in end milling application for good surface quality, a material removal and Productivity approach by evaluating the tool life under optimized cutting condition were carried out in this current research. The objective of this study is to optimize flank tool wear in end milling of AISI 316 using Design of Experiment and box-Behnken method. Tool wear value of 0.174mm was achieved through optimization at low values of feed, speed, and depth of cut. However, an increased feed, depth of cut and speed promised to yield better volume removed in return making tool life to be truncated faster.
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Razak, N. H., Z. W. Chen, and T. Pasang. "Progression of tool deterioration and related cutting force during milling of 718Plus superalloy using cemented tungsten carbide tools." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 86, no. 9-12 (February 12, 2016): 3203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8438-2.
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Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio, José Díaz-Álvarez, José Luis Cantero, and Henar Miguélez. "Sustainable High-Speed Finishing Turning of Haynes 282 Using Carbide Tools in Dry Conditions." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090989.
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Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an exceptional combination of corrosion resistance, enhanced mechanical properties at high temperatures, and thermal stability. The mechanical behavior of nickel-based superalloys depends on the grain size and the precipitation state after aging. Haynes 282 was developed in order to improve the creep behavior, formability, and strain-age cracking of the other commonly used nickel-based superalloys. Nevertheless, taking into account the interest of the industry in the machinability of Haynes 282 because of its great mechanical properties, which is not found in other superalloys like Inconel 718 or Waspaloy, more research on this alloy is necessary. Cutting tools suffer extreme thermomechanical loading because of the high pressure and temperature localized in the cutting zone. The consequence is material adhesion during machining and strong abrasion due to the hard carbides included in the material. The main recommendations for finishing turning in Haynes 282 include the use of carbide tools, low cutting speeds, low depth of pass, and the use of cutting fluids. However, because of the growing interest in sustainable processes and cost reduction, dry machining is considered to be one of the best techniques for material removal. During the machining of Haynes 282, at both the finishing and roughing turning, cemented carbide inserts are most commonly used and are recommended all over the industry. This paper deals with the machining of Haynes 282 by means of coated carbide tools cutting fluids (dry condition). Different cutting speeds and feeds were tested to quantify the cutting forces, quality of surface, wear progression, and end of tool life. Tool life values similar to those obtained with a lubricant under similar conditions in other studies have been obtained for the most favorable conditions in dry environments.
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Chen, Lian Yi, T. Osawa, H. Narita, Takashi Nakamura, and H. Fujimoto. "Abnormality Detection by Analysis of Cutting Sound." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.172.
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This study deals with the construction of network system for the production site, for the purpose of networking the machine tools as a part of the whole system. The Tele-monitoring for transformation of monitored information was studied. From the point of view of monitoring, the recognition of abnormal is very important in reducing the burden of an operator or for long-time unmanned operations. We then propose a method for the detection of abnormal in cutting process by analyzing the cutting sounds using Fourier transform, filtering, correlation analysis and statistic treatment. For the checking of tool wearing progressing, an experiment was arranged for the recognition of the sounds from a worn tip in comparison with a new one. On the detection of tipping of the cutter, a new tip is used for a long-time cutting without tool exchanging. The change of worn width and related values were compared with the original standard. It was found that the detection of tipping is possible by continuously sampling the cutting sounds and monitoring their correlation.
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R., Vijay Anand, Prabhu J., Kumar P.J., Manivannan S.S., Sukumar Rajendran, K. R. Kumar, Susi S., and R. Jothikumar. "IoT role in prevention of COVID-19 and health care workforces behavioural intention in India - an empirical examination." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 16, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2020-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to address the role of Internet of Things (IoT) in preventing COVID-19. The IoT devices can be used in various ways to track the patients and suspected person. Remote data collection can be done with the help of IoT and sensors. Later, the data can be analyzed with the help of data science engineers and researchers to predict and prevent the COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach IoT is a creative mean of amalgamating clinical gadgets and their applications to associate with the human services and data innovation frameworks. An investigation on the conceivable outcomes of defying progressive COVID-19 pandemic by implementing the IoT approach while offering treatment to all classes of patient without any partiality in poor and rich. The information sharing, report checking, patient tracking, data social affair, investigation, cleanliness clinical consideration and so forth are the different cloud-based administrations of IoT. It can totally change the working format of the medical services while rewarding the huge volume of patients with a predominant degree of care and more fulfilment, particularly during this pandemic of COVID-19 lockdown. Health workers can quickly focus on patient zero and identify everyone who has come into contact with the infected person and move these people to quarantine/isolation. As COVID-19 has emerged from the Wuhan province of China, IoT tools such as geographic information system could be used as an effective tool to curb the spread of pandemics by acting as an early warning system. Scanners at airports across the world could be used to monitor temperature and other symptoms. This paper addresses the role of IoT in preventing COVID-19. Findings In the period of continuous pandemic of COVID-19, IoT offers many propelled cloud-based administrations and offices to serve a greater number of patients effectively. The remote medicinal services framework provides a lot of significance in such a crucial time of lockdown. The powerful interconnected arrangement of gadgets, applications, Web, database and so on encourages the consumers to benefit the administrations in smart way. IoT additionally advances its administrations by building up the quality culture of perceptive medicinal services or portable centre. It is a “distinct advantage innovation,” which may totally change the practices universally. Indeed, even its quality administrations in this extreme time make this methodology progressively productive and beneficial. IoT helps in observing and tracking more recognized people and patients in remote areas for their human service prerequisites. The customary medicinal services are probably going to observe a huge change in perspective sooner rather than later, as the computerized revolution would place cutting-edge innovation and its associated items in the possession of the patients and give both patients and doctors in remote areas better access to quality clinical services. Originality/value The contemporary exploration study focuses on the proposed IoT system for the treatment of patients in this progressing COVID-19. The working principle of IoT approach incorporates the mix of human services apparatuses, clinical treatment framework, Web organize, programming and administrations. IoT framework empowers the information assortment, report observing, understanding database, testing pictures and investigation and so forth. Data has been collected through online mode; in this study, the authors adopted empirical research design. Total 150 (118/150 = 78.66% respondent response ratio) online questionnaires were sent in the Chennai city of Tamilnadu, India. The participated nature of work is clinical examination in critical care division.
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Huang, Yong, and Steven Y. Liang. "Modeling of CBN Tool Flank Wear Progression in Finish Hard Turning." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644543.
Full textAbstract:
Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) cutters are widely used in finish turning of hardened parts. Their wear mechanisms and associated wear rates are important issues to be understood in view of the high cost of CBN cutters and because of the tool change down-time cost which impacts the economic justification of CBN precision hard turning. The objective of this study is to present a methodology to analytically model the CBN tool flank wear rate as a function of tool/workpiece material properties, cutting parameters and process arrangement in three-dimensional finish hard turning. The proposed model is calibrated with experimental data of finish turning of hardened 52100 bearing steel with a CBN insert, and further validated over practical hard turning conditions. It is shown that adhesion is the main wear mechanism over common cutting conditions, which agrees with documented observations, however, chemical diffusion can gain dominance over extended periods of machining time under aggressive cutting conditions.