Academic literature on the topic 'Progressive stamping die'

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Journal articles on the topic "Progressive stamping die"

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Huang, Hong Hui, and Ling Yun Wang. "The Rapid Design System of Stamping Process Based on KBE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3460.

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This paper takes UGNX6.0 as the development platform, by using its UG/KF development tools, fusing feature and knowledge together, so as to realize the process associated with the geometric design knowledge and stamping process design. Based on the features of stamping process, the classification of stamping process knowledge has been studied. With the object-oriented method, the rule-based and instance-based technology for expressing and acquiring the stamping process knowledge is discussed. Based on this, the stamping process model driven by knowledge has been established. It showed the importance of the CAD technology in designing of relatively complex progressive dies. Based on the knowledge engineering process designed, the degree of intelligence stampings process design has been enhanced, design quality and efficiency has been improved, and the dependence of the process design experience of designers has been reduced.
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Gao, Xian Hong, and Ming Qing Wu. "Profiled Hole Stamping Progressive Die Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1889.

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The material H62, thickness 4 mm, production batch to batch general blanking pieces quality analysis, to determine the cutting scheme, the design of progressive die. From the operation and locate mode, discharge and a way, the mold frame type and accuracy in the overall design analysis, and then to die, punch and other parts design and drawing die assembly drawing.
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Xia, Qin Xiang, Teng Xu, Guang Ming Wei, and Fu Yuan Ye. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Multi-Position Progressive Stamping Process of Automotive Structural Part." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1366.

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Multi-position progressive stamping is widely used in industrial fields, such as electronic, automobile and appliance, etc. Finite element numerical simulation has been an effective method to analyze the deformation of multi-position progressive stamping, the progressive die with 13 positions for the high strength steel automotive soleplate component part was manufactured based on the FEA simulation results obtained by multi-position multi-operation modeling method, and the corresponding progressive stamping experiments were carried out. The experimental results of the forward deep drawing of position 3 were further compared with the simulation ones, the results conform well to each other.
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Liu, Yao Guo. "Car Progressive Stamping Molding Process Simulation and Process Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.414.

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Based on the beam outside the front car plate , for example, to use DYNAFORM software for finite element analysis method to start the process of drawing molding method, the research body stamping design and formability analysis. Numerical simulation techniques for forming sheet metal stamping simulation .
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Duffey, Michael R., and Qiang Sun. "Knowledge-based design of progressive stamping dies." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 28, no. 1-2 (September 1991): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(91)90221-y.

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Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, and Hiroshi Morita. "Dry Progressive Stamping of Copper-Alloy Snaps by the Plasma Nitrided Punches." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.28.

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The dry progressive stamping was strongly required to make mass production of clothing parts and beverage cans. The duplex coating was one of the most reliable means to protect the dies and punches from wear and friction and to prolong their life time. In this coating, the die and punch was first surface-treated to have sufficient hardness in compatible to the hard ceramic coatings. In the present study, the low temperature plasma nitriding at 673 K was employed to harden the six kinds of punches and dies for progressive stamping of copper alloyed fucks. The micro-structure and nitrogen mapping were investigated by SEM with EDS to demonstrate that the hardening took place by nitrogen super saturation into SKD11 matrix without nitride precipitations. These nitrogen super-saturated punches and dies were fix into the progressive die set for dry stamping. No significant wear of tools as well as reduction of stamping loads even after a million shots proved that the low temperature plasma nitriding should be suitable to make hardening of dry stamping die substrates even without use of hard ceramic coatings.
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Wang, Ling Yun, and Hong Hui Huang. "The Application of KBE on Stamping Process Design." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1842.

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UGNX6.0 is used as the development platform by its UG/KF development tools, fusing feature and knowledge together, so as to realize the process associated with the geometric design knowledge and stamping process design. Based on the features of stamping process, the classification of stamping process knowledge has been studied. With the object-oriented method, the rule-based and instance-based technology for expressing and acquiring the stamping process knowledge is discussed. Based on this, the stamping process model driven by knowledge has been established. A bending sheet was taken as an example in introducing the designing process of progressive die based on UG_PDW. The process arrangement was mainly introduced, and the bending part feature recognition and modeling were all elaborated and related examples were given in the paper. It showed the importance of the CAD technology in designing of relatively complex progressive dies.
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Nakagawa, T., S. Futamura, and T. Murata. "Small-Lot-Stamping Production by Progressive Unit Dies." CIRP Annals 42, no. 1 (1993): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62451-2.

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Moghaddam, M. J., M. R. Soleymani, and M. A. Farsi. "Sequence planning for stamping operations in progressive dies." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 26, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-013-0788-0.

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Zhang, W. Z., R. D. Jiang, B. T. Cheok, and A. Y. C. Nee. "An innovative and practical design automation system for progressive dies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502321016341.

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This paper describes an innovative approach for the design automation of progressive dies. The die design is modelled as a process to design its die functions. A template concept used to realize the die structure for a die function is proposed in the paper. A user begins by defining the geometric and stamping features of a sheet metal part. The geometric and feature information is processed and stored in a knowledge-based system. After automatic unfolding and nesting operations, the stamping process is interactively staged. Thereafter, a model-based approach takes over and generates the knowledge-based description of the die. Using special semantics to describe the die topology and assembly relations, a three-dimensional solid model of the entire die assembly is generated from the die description knowledge base. This system is able to produce three-dimensional strip layout, three-dimensional die components and assembly, and annotated two-dimensional production drawings. It significantly improves stamping die design productivity and accuracy, which is achieved through the capturing and processing of die design knowledge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Progressive stamping die"

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Jain, Nitin. "Progressive die sequence design and blank shape determination in stamping." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262973805.

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Kyselá, Lenka. "Návrh výroby části otvíráku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432605.

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Diploma thesis introduces the design of a functional part of a wine opener, focusing on simplicity and effectivity of the manufacturing process with the use of progressive stamping tool. The part will be made by technology of progressive cutting and bending. For the production of the specified part stainless steel coil marked as 17 241.4 will be used This material is suitable for the use in commercial gastronomy thanks to its qualities. Also in this thesis there are technical calculations, suggestios for of optimal tools, economic calculations, and technical-economic evaluation of the production of the specified part.
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Sikora, Marek. "Návrh výroby nástěnného držáku na kolo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417095.

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This master’s thesis presents a proposal for the technology of manufacturing sheet metal part, which is a part of a bicycle wall bracket. The component is made of steel sheet ČSN 11 325 with subsequent surface treatment by galvanizing. Due to the chosen method of manufacturing with a progressive stamping die, the research part is focused on the technology of shearing and bending. Technological calculations were performed for the most suitable production variant, on the basis of which a mechanical press ANDRITZ Metals with the designation KSTU 2000-20-4G-PSE was chosen. Furthermore, the design of the tool itself is presented, which is substantiated by drawing documentation. At the end of the work, a technical and economic evaluation of the produced series of 300 000 workpieces per year is calculated.
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Kočka, Jiří. "Výroba konektoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231636.

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The diploma thesis deal with the proposal of connector manufacturing from bronze sheet CuSn6, thickness 1.5mm in production volume of 1.600.000 parts per year. From considered manufacturing variants there was chosen shearing and forming technology of thread in the progressive stamping die. For part production was selected pressing machine Bruderer 1250 with nominal pressing force 1250 kN from company E. Bruderer Maschinenfabrik AG. In the economical evaluation there were determined expenses 21.6 Kč per one piece including demanded profit. The turning point was calculated at production of 165.522 parts.
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Rubáš, Petr. "Výroba krycího plechu zámku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399388.

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The thesis is focused on the proposal design of the technology of the production of the cover plate of the lock, which together with other parts forms part of the fifth door of the passenger car. The cover is made of 2 mm metal sheet and includes a number of bends, embosses, cuts and trimmed holes. Based on production requirements and a series size of 1,200,000 pieces over 3 years, the production using a progressive composite tool was chosen. The part will be made in eleven steps composing of cutting, stamping, bending and edging. Micro-alloyed structural steel S355MC was chosen as the most suitable material. The part will be produced on the press KSTU 5000-30-7G RKM from the company ANDRITZ Metals and the price of the product is 14,33 CZK.
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Kratina, Patrik. "Výroba držáku uhlíku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417061.

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This master´s thesis focuses on the concept of manufacturing of carbon brush holder, made of steel S235JRG (ČSN 11 343), with thickness of 1,5 mm. In order to reduce costs, it was decided to manufacture the holder with progresive stamping tool, which combines cutting, bending and edging operations in order to achieve specific part shape. Based on relevant calculations the mechanical press LEN 63 C was chosen. The production series was set at 50 000 pieces.
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Wang, Yu-Hsien, and 王又仙. "The Stamping Process Analysis and Progressive Die Design for Expansion Anchors." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n987g4.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班在職專班
102
In this paper, the finite element software “HyperForm“ was used to analyze the simulation. The sheet metal is cold-rolling sheet “SPCC”. We planned the process parameter of the each stage by the material characteristics gradually. It could reduce the real test, repair die frequency effectively. To reduce the costs purposes. The result shown, the engineering design was based on the bending design criteria in this paper. The main forming part, we planned the four forming stage " pre-bending", "bending", pre-roll up circle" and roll up circle forming. According the results to design and manufacture the die. After the real bending process, measurement the dimensions of the product. The final dimensions of the product conformed to the original drawing requirements.
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Hsu, Chih-Kai, and 許智凱. "A Study of Computer-Aided Design for Hot Stamping Progressive Dies." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j4vwsh.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班
100
In this study, combination of the progressive die technology and hot stamping technology, and employing computer-aided to design hot stamping progressive die. The computer-aided analysis and computer-aided drawing in coordination, we can save time to mold development, and during the mold design and development found the errors and correct it. It’s helpful to improve the quality of the mold and the product yield. We use the application DEFORM-3D computer-aided analysis software to Punching, heating, hot stamping. The material model is AISI-1045 carbon steel; Punching is the cold work punching processing; Coil induction heating processing; hot stamping cooling is the use of the mold cooling channels into the cold water quenching. After simulation, we analysis the punching pressure as the conditions of the punch machine tonnage. Analysis of simulated heating and cooling that how time required, distribution and variation of materials equivalent stress, equivalent strain and temperature, as mold design and reference data. We use the application VISI computer-aided design software to conduct hot stamping progressive die design. From the strip layout, product analysis, base mold established till standard components established. Which the strip layout will be taking into account the continuity and relevance between each pass ways, the database can loading standard parts that reduce the drawing mold time. The stereogram display can easier to observe the template configuration and interference in the case. In the modify of the mold without the need to re-draw the strip or template, freedom to cutting and binding, increase or decrease the pass ways, and avoid to excessive parametric drawing binding conditions. This action does not affect between the strip, parts, punch and relative position. The Hot stamping progressive die processing time in each pass ways working in conjunction with the time. Basically, the quenching time is the main reference. The application of finite element simulation of quenching to martensitic takes about 7 seconds. There were two situations, when heating and cooling process in the progressive die.The one is material heated to austenite time less than hot stamping quenching to martensitic, The heating too long lead to overheating of materials, to change the heating parameters, such as induction heating coil, frequency or voltage. Another one is heated to austenite time longer than more than twice as hot stamping quenching to martensitic time. For example, the continuous furnace heating simulation results show that heated to austenite takes about 30 seconds. Increase heat pass ways evenly distributed to the various heating pass ways, and VISI software entity cutting the binding mode of the quick and easy to modify mold. However, the application of computer-aided analysis and design(CAD/CAE) for the small and medium-sized parts of hot stamping will be quickly and efficiently setting the process parameters, and completed stamping and heat treatment of progressive die design.
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Kuo, Ying-Miao, and 郭盈妙. "The Stamping Process Analysis and Progressive Die Design for Guard Net." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dbeb47.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班在職專班
102
In this paper, we used the finite element software to analyze the sheet-stamping process. We used HyperForm to analyze the finite element simulation in the specific-process of die and sheet metal. There were two stages in the simulation process. The first stage was pre-bending at the zygomorphic of the product. The second stage was bending at the zygomorphic of the product. To used the finite element software to analyze the stress, the strain and the possible fracture location when the sheet metal was in the stamping process. It can estimate the real production process in the future. Used the real process to proof the result of the simulation. The simulation and experiment results show that the error was about 2%. We can know the result of the simulation and experiment was very similar. The simulation shown the reliability and reference.
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Zhang, W. Y., Shu Beng Tor, and G. A. Britton. "A Hybrid Intelligent System for Stamping Process Planning in Progressive Die Design." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3905.

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This paper presents an intelligent, hybrid system for stamping process planning in progressive die design. The system combines the flexibility of blackboard architecture with case-based reasoning. The hybrid system has the advantage that it can use past knowledge and experience for case-based reasoning when it exists, and other reasoning approaches when it doesn’t exist. A prototype system has been implemented in CLIPS and interfaced with Solid Edge CAD system. An example is included to demonstrate the approach.
Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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Books on the topic "Progressive stamping die"

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Semendiĭ, V. I. Progressivnye tekhnologii͡a︡, oborudovanie i avtomatizat͡s︡ii͡a︡ kuznechno-shtampovochnogo proizvodstva KamAZa. Moskva: "Mashinostroenie", 1989.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Progressive-Type Carbide Metalworking Stamping, Lamination, and Blanking Dies. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Progressive-Type Carbide Metalworking Stamping, Lamination, and Blanking Dies. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Progressive-Type High-Speed Steel Metalworking Stamping, Lamination, and Blanking Dies. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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G, Ovchinnikov A., and Grechnikov F. V, eds. Progressivnye tekhnologicheskie prot͡s︡essy kholodnoĭ shtampovki. Moskva: "Mashinostroenie", 1985.

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I, Elistratov V., Ukraïnsʹkyĭ budynok ekonomichnykh ta naukovo-tekhnichnykhn znanʹ., and Institut sverkhtverdykh materialov (Akademii͡a︡ nauk Ukraïny), eds. Progressivnye tekhnologii i oborudovanie dli͡a︡ obrabotki metallov davleniem: Tezisy dokladov konferent͡s︡ii, 16-17 fevrali͡a︡ 1993 goda, g. Kiev. Kiev: Ob-vo "Znanie", 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Progressive stamping die"

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Kim, Sei-Hwan, and Kye-Kwang Choi. "A Study on the Die Life Extension and Blank Accuracy Improvement of Progressive Die for Nail Clippers Stamping." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 130–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35251-5_18.

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Jonsson, Carl-Johan, Roland Stolt, and Fredrik Elgh. "Stamping Tools for Sheet Metal Forming: Current State and Future Research Directions." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200087.

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Sheet metal forming tools play an important role in the manufacturing of many products. With shorter product life cycles and demand for shorter time to market for new products, the process for design and manufacturing of stamping tools becomes a critical part. Stamping dies are often designed and manufactured by smaller, specialized companies. For a tooling company, knowledge and experience is an important competitive advantage. Traditionally the design process has been characterized by being based on few key individuals with much experience and craftsmanship. To stay competitive in this market there is a need for more efficient processes, systems, tools and supports in order to become more industrialized. This paper presents results from a study of the state of practice in industry within progressive stamping tool design as well as a review of relevant literature. The design and manufacturing processes for stamping dies in six companies have been investigated through semi-structured interviews, from which the main challenges in the current state for the companies are identified. The results from the interviews was analyzed and compared to the established concepts and frameworks of methods found in the literature review. The results and analysis points in the direction of efforts needed in supporting the formalization and reuse of information and knowledge from previous tool projects and production, especially during the critical steps of tool process planning and creating the tool layout.
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Conference papers on the topic "Progressive stamping die"

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Qiu, Tianchen, Xingjian Lai, and Jun Ni. "Machine Learning Based Novelty Detection Methods for Progressive Stamping Process Health Monitoring." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8496.

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Abstract Progressive (die) stamping is a widely used sheet metal forming process in the manufacturing of automobiles and consumer electronics. Current literature suggests limited knowledge of online health monitoring and fault detection capability. This paper aims to propose a data-driven, empirical approach for diagnosing potential abnormal health conditions of the progressive stamping machine. The proposed signal features and selected novelty detection algorithm work together for fault diagnosis and compensate for the lack of theoretical knowledge of this high-volume high-speed production process. Novelty detection, usually approached within the framework of one-class classification, demonstrates luminous potential applications in machine system health monitoring. During progressive stamping process, there are abundant normal operating data while it is unclear how complex machine health factors together affect the feature signals. The task is to recognize the abnormality by recognizing the significance of how testing data differ from training data by forming a decision boundary from normal behaving training data only. Through literature review, One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) is selected as the main algorithm for this application. Through applying kernel tricks, the hyperplane can be used to classify nonlinear machine health indictors. OCSVM also utilizes sparse supporting vectors to form a computationally efficient decision boundary and can therefore be used for online fault detections. In this study, the proposed novelty detection approach is explained and successfully implemented based on industrial data from a progressive stamping machine. The paper discusses the promising results and potential limitations.
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Sheng (Steven), Z. Q., and Li Zhang. "Prediction on Springback and Static Loading Performance of Progressive Formed Auto Stamping." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0984.

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Huang Zhenyuan, Zhou Chi, Guo Lei, and Ruan Feng. "Research of Co loss of cemented carbides progressive die in high-speed stamping." In International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 (ITIC 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20060932.

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Shui, Huanyi, Xiaoning Jin, and Jun Ni. "An Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis Method Based on Real-Time Health Monitoring for Progressive Stamping Processes." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9420.

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Progressive stamping processes have been applied to fabricate an extended range of products from centimeter-scale parts to meter-scale parts. The quality of stamped products may vary and be out of specification due to various anomalies during manufacturing process. Therefore, an effective online health monitoring and fault diagnosis technique is of great practical significance. This paper develops a two-stage systematic approach to enhance the fault detection and fault identification capability for the progressive stamping process with aggregated system-level tonnage signals. The first stage uses a combined Haar transform and power spectrum analysis to map features extracted from aggregated signals to individual operations. The second stage develops a two-step control chart strategy for anomaly detection and identification. The proposed method can improve the monitoring effectiveness and the quality assessment of individual operations based on an aggregated tonnage signal especially when single working range of different operations in the multi-station system are highly overlapped. The results show the method efficacy of quick and accurate anomaly detection and identification in real time.
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Ca´rcel, A. C., and M. A. Pe´rez Puig. "The Influence of Friction Stability on the Success of Lubricated Stamping Operations: Predictive Tools From Plane Friction Tests." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64278.

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This work was aimed at analysing the influence of the tribological behaviour on the onset of systematic fractures of car body parts during stamping, and at developing an alternative friction evaluation system, able to detect in advance the risk of failure by galling or seizing when stamping zinc coated (electrogalvanized or hot dip galvanized) steel sheets. The friction test reproduces the severe boundary lubrication conditions found in real practice, and also the progressive deterioration of the initial surface topography that the sheet suffers as a result of the pass through the draw-beads before reaching the die entry. Under these conditions, it was found that the initial values of the coefficient of friction have only a limited effect on the real behaviour, and that successful stamping relies mainly on the stability of the friction values as the length of sheet under pressure between the tools increases. Some index parameters obtained from this test can be used to predict in advance with high reliability the risk of lubricant breakdown and galling during real stamping.
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Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, Hiroshi Morita, and Shu-Ichi Kurozumi. "Sustainable progressive-stamping of brass American snaps by using the low-temperature plasma nitrided dies." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112596.

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Yang, Xudong, Lingyu Sun, Lijun Li, and Cheng Zhang. "Impact Damage Prediction of Assembly Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer (AFRTP) Structures." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71220.

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Assembly Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer (AFRTP) is a hybrid material manufactured by injection overmolding of short/long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin on the back of continuous fiber-reinforced laminate preformed by thermal stamping to achieve both high mechanical properties and complex geometries. This new technique has attracted large attention from industry recently. The difficulty in applying AFRTP is the progressive damage prediction of heterogeneous interface because the difference in mechanical properties result from materials and process may lead to the interface separation when subjected to bending or tension loads that reduce the bending resistance capability of AFRTP plates. In this paper, the interfacial cohesive parameters of AFRTP structure are identified based on the published experimental data. Additionally, the low-speed impact under three-point bending loads is simulated and the interface stress distribution and failure modes reveal the damage mechanisms of AFRTP interface under shear stress.
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Ali Ablat, Muhammad, and Ala Qattawi. "Finite Element Analysis of Origami-Based Sheet Metal Folding Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67324.

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There are challenges in the conventional sheet metal folding for mass production; those are summarized by high tooling and energy costs and lack of dimensional accuracy. High cost per product is due to the need of specific manufacturing tools and equipment like dies and molds that are shape dedicated to certain product range and specifications. Lack of high accuracy is resulted from involved forming process, machine structure and springback effects in workpiece. Origami-based Sheet Metal (OSM) folding fabrication process has been utilized to overcome these challenges. This novel approach is an extension of the origami technique to sheet metal folding process and it requires creating numerous features along the bend line, called Material Discontinuities (MD). MD are fabricated by removal of material completely or partially through thickness direction of sheet metal along the bend line using laser cutting process or progressive stamping. MD can also be created by stamping where no material removal is present, rather stamping creates deformed pattern along the bend line to guide the folding. MD controls the material deformation during bending and results in reduced bending force, minimal tooling and machinery requirements. Despite the promising potential of OSM, there is little understating of the effect of the selected MD shape and geometry on the final workpiece, specifically this is of interest when comparing the energy and cost allocations for OSM with a well-establish process for sheet metal such as stamping. In this work, the effect of several types of MD on sheet metal folding process is investigated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In particular, wiping die bending of aluminum sheet with different MD shapes and geometries along the bend line is compared to the traditional sheet bending of final part in terms of stress distribution along the bending line and required bending force. FE simulations are carried out using structural and thermo-mechanical FE solver Code_Aster. Aluminum 2036-T4 is chosen as sheet metal material. Constitutive model in the simulation is J2 flow theory plasticity with isotropic hardening. The FEA results are validated by comparing it to the available empirical models in terms of bending forces. This study finds that the OSM technique reduced the required bending force significantly, which has important significance in energy and cost reduction. It also ranked the MD in terms of the required force to bend the same sheet metal type and thickness for further future investigation. However, the MD leads to localized high stress regions along the bending line, which may affect load-bearing capability of the final part. In addition, it may lead to cracks or fractures of sheet metal part in the high stress region, especially if MD are densely arranged along the bend line.
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9

Cannell, Gary R., and Louis H. Goldmann. "Design of the Hanford Multi-Canister Overpack (MCO) and Development and Qualification of the Closure Welding Process." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60826.

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Processing more than 2,100 metric tons of metallic uranium spent nuclear fuel (SNF) into large stainless steel containers called Multi-Canister Overpacks (MCOs) is one of the top priorities for the Department of Energy (DOE) at the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington state. The MCOs will be temporarily stored on site and eventually shipped to the federal geologic repository for long-term storage. MCOs are constructed and “N” stamped in accordance with the requirements of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section III, Division 1, Class 1 Components. Final closure welding poses a challenge after the fuel is loaded. Performing required examination and testing activities (volumetric examination and hydrostatic leak testing) can be difficult, if not impractical. An ASME Code Case N-595-3, was written specifically to allow code stamping by addressing such closures and providing alternative rules. MCOs are the first SNF canisters within the DOE complex to successfully use this Code Case for receiving ASME Code stamps. This paper discusses the design of the MCO, application of the N-595-3 Code Case, and development and qualification of the final welded closure. The MCO design considers internal pressure and handling loads, as well as processing and interim storage activities. The MCO functions as the primary or innermost containment as part of an overall transportation package so the design also considered interface features with secondary and transport containers. The MCO, approximately 2 feet in diameter and nearly 14 feet tall, is constructed primarily of Type 304/304L stainless steel and the final pressure boundary is of all-welded construction. The closure-weld is made with the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process, using an automatic, machine-welding mode. Examination and testing of the closure includes the N-595-3 specified requirements—progressive Liquid Penetrant testing (PT) and final helium leak testing. At completion of the closure, the MCO is “N” stamped as a 450 pounds per square inch (design pressure) vessel. To ensure the process consistently achieves the required weld penetration, a series of developmental tests was performed to identify an optimum and robust set of welding parameters. Testing included test welds made on plate mockups and then actual MCO mockups. With the primary welding parameters (welding current and travel speed) established, a simple two-factor, two-level, factorial experiment with replication at high and low heat input conditions was conducted. Evaluation of the results included weld photomicrographs, which helped establish process range limits for these parameters broad enough to cover typical equipment and measurement variations and provide additional operating margin. To date, over 316 MCOs have been loaded, dried, and transported to the Canister Storage Building (CSB), where the welding is done. Of those, 161 MCOs have received final welded closure and ASME Code “N” stamps. All cover cap final closure welds have met specified requirements without incident.
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