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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Project appraisal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Project appraisal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Project appraisal"

1

Ng, S. Thomas, and Martin Skitmore. "DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR SUBCONTRACTOR APPRAISAL USING A BALANCED SCORECARD." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 2 (2014): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802705.

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Subcontractors contribute significantly to construction projects and their performance can seriously affect over-all project success. It is crucial, therefore, to appraise the performance of subcontractors to ensure they satisfy the client's expectations and project requirements. To increase the transparency and accuracy of subcontractor appraisal, the baseline and target performance levels should be set at the outset so that the appraisers and those being appraised realize exactly what standards are to be achieved. The balanced scorecard, being a powerful tool for performance appraisal, offers a potentially good approach for modeling the subcontractor appraisal process. In this paper, an approach to developing a balanced scorecard subcontractor appraisal model is proposed and demonstrated through a questionnaire survey administered in Hong Kong and from which the baseline and target performance levels for large-scale skilled subcontractors are identified. A case example is used to illustrate the operation of the model. Finally, a means by which the model may be validated is demonstrated through the use of field experts. The results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a balanced scorecard model that can help improve the transparency of subcontractor appraisal despite the baseline and target performance levels changing according to the project characteristics, subcontractor categories and size.

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Bridger, Gordon. "Rapid project appraisal." Project Appraisal 1, no. 4 (1986): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1986.9726579.

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Zhao, Fan. "Realization And Network Security Design of Information System Digitization of Scientific Project By JAVA+STRUTS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (2021): 032096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032096.

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Abstract At present, the technical plan project appraised the management systematic characteristic, continuous, the independent not strong third party appraised carries out the advancement to be slow; The project may supervise the measure not strong not to have the explicit monitor target and the baseline data; Has not established a set to conform to the technical project characteristic and the project monitor appraisal system which matches with the science and technology project management. In view of above question, uses JAVA and the STRUTS method of exploitation realization easy to maintain, the easy dynamic expansion, to have the secure technical plan project appraisal management process. Through in the recent three years in the Gansu Province science and technology plan project appraised in the management the application indicated, the system enormous enhancement project appraisal management working efficiency, the system movement has been stable, the speed of response is quick, the security is high.

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Lefley, Frank, and Joseph Sarkis. "How to Evaluate Capital Projects that Offer Environmental/Carbon Reduction Benefits." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 3 (2013): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jal.2013070102.

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In many cases, projects that have strong environmental / carbon reduction benefits may be neglected due to biases associated with traditional project appraisal approaches. To reduce the level of rejections for such projects, the authors apply an innovative methodology, the financial appraisal profile (FAP) model. FAP is a normative model that seeks to address some of the issues and limitations posed by standard appraisal and evaluation approaches. By making the right decision in the first place and involving senior managers in the appraisal process, the organisation is better placed to achieve project success. The adoption of a management team approach to investment appraisals will not only enhance the information base but will also result in greater managerial commitment to a project. By adopting the FAP model with the inclusion of an environmental assessment in the form the ‘environmental score index’, will help focus top management on an increasingly important corporate strategy issue. An illustrative case study is used to outline the important aspects of this new approach. The paper concludes that this approach fills a gap in the environmental / carbon reduction investment literature, where there is a paucity of comprehensive, structured, and transparent methodologies that can prove acceptable to management decision-makers from a variety of functions and viewpoints. Keywords: Carbon Reduction, Environmental Score Index, Environmental Sustainability, Financial Appraisal Profile (FAP) Model, Investment Appraisal

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Kite, Devaun M., Jeffrey P. Katz, and Marilyn T. Zarzeski. "Can Managers Appraise Performance Too Often?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 13, no. 1 (2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v13i1.5771.

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<span>This paper discusses the relationship between the frequency of performance appraisal and escalation of commitment to a losing course of action. It is commonly thought that the more often employees are appraised, the more effective they become. Contrary to this view, we discuss conditions that cause employees, particularly project managers responsible for capital budgeting decisions, to stick with decisions that have been shown to result in negative consequences for the company. We report the results of a set of work place simulations where the frequency of performance appraisal affected the length of commitment to losing courses of action as well as the managers perceptions about their personal benefits resulting from those decisions. The results suggest that frequent performance appraisals during the course of long-term projects may divert managers from the profit maximization goal sought by the owners of the firm.</span>

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Weiss, John. "Project Appraisal in Practice." IDS Bulletin 10, no. 1 (2009): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1978.mp10001011.x.

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Gómez-Lobo, Andrés. "Institutional Safeguards for Cost Benefit Analysis: Lessons from the Chilean National Investment System." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 3, no. 1 (2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/2152-2812.1102.

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This paper discusses some institutional and procedural designs that can strengthen CBA as a decision making tool within the public sector. Our discussion is based on Chile's National Public Investment System (SNI) the earliest and most consolidated investment appraisal system in Latin America. The objective of Chile's SNI is to provide a coherent framework for identifying, coordinating, evaluating and implementing public investments. Chile's SNI has several interesting institutional characteristics. For example, it standardizes project presentation formats, establishes explicit application and evaluation processes for public funds, provides general as well as sector specific methodological guidelines for CBA of projects and programs, and introduces a system of “checks and balances” by separating the institution that evaluates projects from the institutions promoting projects. Besides describing the system and highlighting the features we believe strengthen the use of project appraisal as a decision making tool. The paper also presents data on the number of projects appraised by sector, the overall results of appraisals and other administrative data, as well as a summary of ex-post studies for a sample of road, rural electricity, education and health projects. Unfortunately, the limited data available and the lack of a proper counterfactual scenario do not allow for strong conclusions to be made regarding the performance of the system. However, the data presented serves as an illustration of the Chilean system and it may be of value to researches in this field as well as to policymakers in other countries wishing to improve their public investment systems.

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El-Cheikh, M., D. Al Sheikh, and M. Burrow. "Project Appraisal of Rail Projects using Fuzzy Sets Theory." International Journal of Railway Technology 2, no. 1 (2013): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4203/ijrt.2.1.2.

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Shiftan, Yoram, Nir Sharaby, and Charles Solomon. "Transport Project Appraisal in Israel." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2079, no. 1 (2008): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2079-17.

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Kaveri, V. S., and Vikas Srivastava. "MSME Project Appraisal: A Case." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 44, no. 4 (2017): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846420170402.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Project appraisal"

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Lopes, Maria Dulce Soares. "Non-financial aspects of project appraisal." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8411.

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Guner, Bilgi. "Performance appraisal system in Filiz Gida." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2399.

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This thesis focuses on evaluating the performance appraisal system of Filiz Gida, a small food processing company that is located in Turkey. Filiz Gida was established by Dogus Holding in Bolu, and currently employs 284 individuals. Filiz Gida is dedicated to fair and respectful treatment of all workers, offering voluntary benefits in housing programs, health care, education for worker's children, and professional child care services. The importance of quality in production at Filiz Gida is reflected by its receipt of ISO 9002 certification in 1994. In 2003 the Barilla Group, which is one of the giants in the pasta business, acquired Filiz Gida due to financial interests that have not been well documented by public media.

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Harris, Elaine Pamela. "An insight into strategic investment appraisal : project risk assessment." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311275.

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Wood, Paul. "Ministry of Defence Project Appraisal : Exploring commerical risk methodology." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522584.

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Anac, Caner. "Development Of A Risk Assessment Tool For Post-project Appraisal." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608216/index.pdf.

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As competition in the business environment increases, knowledge management becomes a critical success factor. Firms should be able to gather, analyze and reuse knowledge to support their strategic decisions. Construction firms should also analyze information in hand (completed and on going project data) and make it a part of their learning mechanism. Post-project appraisal is an organizational learning mechanism aiming to form an organizational memory. Organizational memory is a remedy for organizational amnesia, which is a very common problem in the construction industry due to the project-specific nature of the industry and lack of systematic ways to manage knowledge. Particularly, information about risks and their consequences is an important piece of knowledge that the firms should refer to in the forthcoming projects in order not to do the same mistakes. v Risk management comprises of risk identification, analysis and formulation of risk response strategy to maintain an optimum risk-return structure in a project. It is agreed upon by many researchers that, although risk management is accepted as one of the critical success factors for construction projects, project participants generally do not have sufficient knowledge pertinent to risk management concept and the number of tools which facilitate the risk management process is rather low. Typically, companies carry out a risk assessment exercise at the start of a project and the obtained risk ratings are used to determine contingency. However, after the project is over, a final assessment is not usually carried out. The main idea in this study is that, in order to improve the risk assessment process in forthcoming projects, risk assessment should be a part of post-project appraisal. Risk events that actually happened may be classified according to their sources and impacts (monetary/nonmonetary) as well as the effectiveness of utilized response strategies. Consequently, companies may learn from what had happened in previous projects and prepare more realistic risk management plans in the future. The major objective of this thesis is to develop a project risk management information model for risk assessment using historical data in order to improve risk assessment process in forthcoming projects. The framework is modeled to ensure information continuity throughout the project life cycle by storing and reusing project information that resides in risk event databases. The applicability of the developed database system is tested on a real construction project and potential benefits are discussed.

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Skinner, Kevin Shaun. "Geomorphological post-project appraisal of river rehabilitation schemes in England." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324063.

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Juříček, Tomáš. "Postaudit investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124898.

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This Master's thesis aims to perform a post-project appraisal of investment project under which it characterizes the quality of preparation, project evaluation and risk analysis in the form of feasibility study and specifies the objectives and content of post-project appraisal of investment project as a tool for learning from past mistakes and successes of investment projects. Within the achievement of the basic objective the thesis deals with the finding causes of variance between planned and actual project results through the usage of knowledge gained from the post-project appraisal and verification of benefits of its implementation. The thesis also processes through the gained knowledge of the post-project appraisal recommendations for improving the quality of the preparation, evaluation and risk analysis of similar projects in the future.

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Lee, Sang Min. "Analytic hierarchy approach for transport project appraisal an application to Korea." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/927/.

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Transport evaluation methodology in Korea has remained largely unchanged even though the evolution of the transport planning process has changed in its nature and circumstances. The economic analysis has played an important role as a decision making method, and the Government has the leading role as a single decision maker. As a result, there are so many debates on most of transport investment projects by other interest groups and by the fact that other non-economic attributes are not properly considered in the evaluation process. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid this costly indecision and incomplete evaluation. As a result, the recent work has focused on improving public participation and evaluation methods utilising multiple criteria decision making methods which are able to reflect diverse interests of multiple actors involved in the project, environmental issues, socioeconomic concerns and public discontent in evaluation process, and to respond to the changed nature of transport planning. In this research, the analytic hierarchy approach which enables to combine the advantages in quantifying the tangible factors from CBA and in deriving weights of the factors from the AHP was attempted to evaluate the transport investment project in Korea as the methodology through reviewing and assessing many multiple criteria decision making methods. The case for application was chosen from the real project implemented by Korean government so as to compare the current evaluation method with the analytic hierarchy approach, one of multiple criteria decision making methods. The project is to develop a high speed rail network passing through/by a historic city with many cultural assets, so there are many conflicting debates between transport efficiency and cultural conservation among the stakeholders affected by this project, supplier, user and community. For the application and evaluation of the project, a model with five levels of hierarchical structure with three stakeholders, six objectives, seven elements and three alternatives was developed. A total of 615 respondents from transport experts, government officials and the general public answered the survey questionnaire to find out the degree of importance for each stakeholder's role on this project investment from transport experts, and a relative preference for each attribute as main factor from all stakeholders. With the evaluation process and results (including alternative ranking) from both methods, they were compared with each other. In addition to this, the applicability and suitability of the analytic hierarchy approach method for the evaluation of transport investment project in Korea were assessed by several assessment criteria. The analytic hierarchy approach (through its application) provided much wider scope than the current evaluation method. It showed a systematic framework for the evaluation in which all possible factors should be judged with the distribution of weights on all stakeholders incorporating qualitative and quantitative information. In addition, it showed the applicability of the analytic hierarchy approach to the transport project due to its ability to deal with complex problems with conflicting attributes and to elicit the preferences of many stakeholders affected by the project into the evaluation process. However, it also showed some drawbacks to be overcome such as a large amount of data and information requirement, inherent difficulty in survey implementation, difficulty in structuring a hierarchy, especially in checking the homogeneity.

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Clarke, Cassandre M. "The influence of activation on recall and perception of a negative performance appraisal." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1024.

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Shukla, Devendra Kumar. "Project appraisal under risk, threat and uncertainty : a case study of the afforestation project of Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/project-appraisal-under-risk-threat-and-uncertainty--a-case-study-of-the-afforestation-project-of-bihar-india(09ea6192-580e-4083-9517-49f67bd535cc).html.

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In view of the Indian Government's growing commitment to forestry, a number of afforestation projects have been implemented. But most projects in developing countries do not conclude as per plan, uncertainty being a major factor. This study undertakes physical, financial, economic and social appraisal of the afforestation programme through case studies of the farm forestry (FF) and the rehabilitation of degraded forest (RDF) components and discusses the conceptual and methodological issues in appraisal of these projects under risk, threat and uncertainty. We have used three different approaches to risk appraisals in the present study. They are: the expected value of NPV through the illicit felling models; the cumulative distribution function comparisons through stochastic efficiency rules; the utility function of the project managers. Physical (logistic and Weibull models), financial and management decision (deterministic and probabilistic models) models developed in the study help in threat appraisal through quantification of physical loss, financial appraisal of its consequences and formulation of a management strategy under the threat of illicit felling. The risk analysis of the FF and the RDF component using Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate probability of return profiles and the results are compared through stochastic efficiency rules. The utility functions of the project managers are used to describe their risk attitude. The study shows that most managers are risk averse and the analysis of their utility functions supports the decreasing absolute risk aversion hypothesis. It emphasizes the need for a risk policy in the Forest Department. The economic appraisal examines the interaction of the FF and the RDF components with the economy rather than the treasury. Illicit felling is accounted for as a benefit to the economy. A 'Shadow pricing approach' is adopted for economic and social appraisals. For the social appraisal, inputs and outputs are estimated in terms of net discounted utility-weighted consumption flows. All the parameters of social and economic appraisal such as the consumption value of unit reinvestment, utility weight for incremental consumption at different consumption levels, social discount rate and economic discount rate are estimated. To study farmers' adoption behaviour, principal component analysis is used to explore significant factors and a logit model is developed after that to estimate probability of adoption. The study indicates that adoption of FF can be explained in an overall framework of evolutionary theory proposed in this study. The evolutionary theory posits that farmer tree growing can be considered as a land use strategy in response to both changing macro and micro factors, many of which relate to characteristics of the farmers, their resource endowments etc. It is concluded that success of projects can be assessed by taking account of the factors influencing the variability in the project outcome and understanding the whole process of people's interaction and participation in the project.

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Books on the topic "Project appraisal"

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Samset, Knut. Early Project Appraisal. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289925.

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Hutchinson, Keith. Building Project Appraisal. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12983-6.

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W, Smith John. Guidelines for project appraisal. J. W. Smith, 1985.

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Harris, Elaine. Strategic project risk appraisal and management. Ashgate Pub., 2009.

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Brent, Robert J. Project appraisal for developing countries. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.

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Van Der Burg, Tsjalle. Project Appraisal and Macroeconomic Policy. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0033-2.

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Institute of Bankers in Pakistan., ed. Financial management and project appraisal. Institute of Bankers in Pakistan, 1987.

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Raftery, John. Technics of project cost appraisal. Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus, 1985.

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Project appraisal and macroeconomic policy. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Project appraisal for developing countries. New York University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Project appraisal"

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Magni, Carlo Alberto. "Project Appraisal." In Investment Decisions and the Logic of Valuation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27662-1_6.

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Campbell, Harry F., and Richard P. C. Brown. "Project appraisal." In Cost-Benefit Analysis, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312758-2.

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Campbell, Harry F., and Richard P. C. Brown. "Project appraisal." In Cost-Benefit Analysis, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312758-3.

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Samset, Knut. "Project Alignment." In Early Project Appraisal. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289925_11.

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Hutchinson, Keith. "Project Value." In Building Project Appraisal. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12983-6_4.

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Hutchinson, Keith. "Project Cost." In Building Project Appraisal. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12983-6_5.

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Hutchinson, Keith. "Project Feasibility." In Building Project Appraisal. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12983-6_6.

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Samset, Knut. "Attributes of a Project." In Early Project Appraisal. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289925_1.

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Samset, Knut. "What is a Concept?" In Early Project Appraisal. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289925_10.

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Samset, Knut. "Objectives and Their Formulation." In Early Project Appraisal. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289925_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Project appraisal"

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"APPRAISAL OF URBAN HARMONIOUS TRANSPORT." In Special Session on Project Management and Service Science. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003584505480552.

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Zaiqiang, Huo. "Engineering Project Risk Appraisal Information System." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.681.

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Hann, J. H., and G. A. D. Paterson. "The Angel Project: An Effective Gas Appraisal Campaign." In SPE Asia-Pacific Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22974-ms.

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Kakimoto, Ryuji, and Prianka N. Seneviratne. "Simplified Investment Risk Appraisal in Port Infrastructure Project." In Second International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Studies (ICTTS ). American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40503(277)71.

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Sarantis, Demetrios, Dimitris Askounis, and Steve Smithson. "Critical appraisal on project management approaches in e-Government." In Knowledge Engineering 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictke.2009.5397335.

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kang, Xu, and Yang Xia. "Application of modern garden project appraisal and supervision platform." In 2013 International Conference of Information Technology and Industrial Engineering. WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/itie130581.

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Clara, C., V. Zelenko, P. Schirmer, and Wolter Tom. "Appraisal of the HORSE CREEK Air Injection Project Performance." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/49519-ms.

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Anciaes, P. R. "Measuring community severance for transport policy and project appraisal." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2013. WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut130451.

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Liu Xiaoke. "Analysis of the misunderstanding in investment project economic appraisal theory." In 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5916906.

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"Project Management in real estate appraisal. The Italian disciplinary approach." In 18th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2011. ERES, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2011_29.

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Reports on the topic "Project appraisal"

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Blitzer, Charles, Partha Dasgupta, and Joseph Stiglitz. Project Appraisal and Foreign Exchange Constraints: A Simple Exposition. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2165.

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Kelly, Keegan, Eames Bennett, Matthew Devlin, and John O'Donnell. Towards Actinide Scattering Measurements at LANSCE Project 20210329ER 2022 LDRD Appraisal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902073.

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Patton, Amy, Kylie Dunavan, Kyla Key, Steffani Takahashi, Kathryn Tenner, and Megan Wilson. Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for NICU Parents. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0012.

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This project aims to appraise evidence of the effectiveness of various practices on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The project contains six research articles from both national and international journals. Study designs include one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, one small scale randomized controlled trial, one prospective phase lag cohort study, on pretest-posttest study, and one mixed-methods pretest-posttest study. Recommendations for effective interventions were based on best evidence discovered through quality appraisal and study outcomes. All interventions, except for educational programs and Kangaroo Care, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of either stress, anxiety, and/ or depression. Family centered care and mindfulness-based intervention reduced all barriers of interest. There is strong and high-quality evidence for the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression, moderate evidence for the effect of activity-based group therapy on anxiety, and promising evidence for the effect of HUG Your Baby on stress.

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Lavoie, D., N. Pinet, S. Zhang, et al. Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Moose River, and Foxe basins: synthesis of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program activities from 2008 to 2018. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326090.

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As part of its Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program, the Geological Survey of Canada included the Hudson Bay Basin in its research portfolio with the goal of generating a modern understanding of its geological framework and a precise knowledge of its hydrocarbon systems. The Hudson Bay-Foxe Basins GEM-1 project led to the proposal of modern stratigraphic frameworks and produced extensive geochemical data on hydrocarbon source rocks as well as data on diverse burial-thermal indicators. Satellite data were acquired over the entire offshore domain in the search for evidence for active hydrocarbon systems. For the Hudson-Ungava GEM-2 project, the aim of the research activities was to better understand local and regional factors associated with the burial and exhumation histories as they pertain to regional or local hydrocarbon prospectivity. This research led to a basin-scale stratigraphic framework coupled with detailed analyses of hydrocarbon generation and the appraisal of the best potential reservoir units.

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Groom, Simon, and Edna Armendáriz. Managing megaprojects: conceptual framework and international experience. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003887.

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The discussion paper analyzes international experience in megaproject management, identifying problems and delivery performance. The most important distortions are optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. it explores the approaches of Norway and the United Kingdom. Both countries have strengthened the robustness of planning and appraisal for megaprojects and have established specific methods and institutional arrangements for these projects to strengthen governance and transparency. Finally, some lessons are put forward that could help other countries, especially in Latin America, when embarking on megaprojects.

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Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation

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James-Scott, Alisha, Rachel Savoy, Donna Lynch-Smith, and tracy McClinton. Impact of Central Line Bundle Care on Reduction of Central Line Associated-Infections: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0014.

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Purpose/Background Central venous catheters (CVC) are typical for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Due to the invasiveness of this procedure, there is a high risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). These infections have been known to increase mortality and morbidity, medical costs, and reduce hospital reimbursements. Evidenced-based interventions were grouped to assemble a central line bundle to decrease the number of CLABSIs and improve patient outcomes. This scoping review will evaluate the literature and examine the association between reduced CLABSI rates and central line bundle care implementation or current use. Methods A literature review was completed of nine critically appraised articles from the years 2010-2021. The association of the use of central line bundles and CLABSI rates was examined. These relationships were investigated to determine if the adherence to a central line bundle directly reduced the number of CLABSI rates in critically ill adult patients. A summary evaluation table was composed to determine the associations related to the implementation or current central line bundle care use. Results Of the study sample (N=9), all but one demonstrated a significant decrease in CLABSI rates when a central line bundle was in place. A trend towards reducing CLABSI was noted in the remaining article, a randomized controlled study, but the results were not significantly different. In all the other studies, a meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, control trial, cohort or case-control studies, and quality improvement project, there was a significant improvement in CLABSI rates when utilizing a central line bundle. The extensive use of different levels of evidence provided an excellent synopsis that implementing a central line bundle care would directly affect decreasing CLABSI rates. Implications for Nursing Practice Results provided in this scoping review afforded the authors a diverse level of evidence that using a central line bundle has a direct outcome on reducing CLABSI rates. This practice can be implemented within the hospital setting as suggested by the literature review to prevent or reduce CLABSI rates. Implementing a standard central line bundle care hospital-wide helps avoid this hospital-acquired infection.

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Technical safety appraisal of the West Valley Demonstration Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5392673.

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The SMNH implementation framework for districts. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1014.

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The Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project (SMDP) implementation framework was developed as a result of lessons learned and approaches used during SMDP in Western Province, Kenya, 2000–04. All the components require cooperation and support at the provincial and national level. The six components, as outlined in this brief, are: preparation; safe motherhood (SM) rapid appraisal; analysis; intervention planning; implementation; and evaluation. The development of a Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool has been an important outcome of the DFID Western Province SMDP. The intervention in Western Province was based on addressing resource and skills gaps in service provision, which were identified by a situation analysis carried out in each district. Through the introduction of training programs tailored to staff needs, ensuring that basic equipment and drugs were available, and ensuring greater community involvement, safe motherhood services have been improved in Western Province. The situation analysis exercise was refined during the project, resulting in the development of the Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool.

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Geology and resource appraisal of the Felix coal deposit, Powder River basin, Wyoming; a research project with the People's Republic of China. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1818.

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