Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Project in three parts'

<p>The purpose of this paper was to analyse “Identity- about trademarks, signs and symbols”. The project was a co-operation between the National museum of Art and Stockholm School of Economics in the spring of 2002, which consisted of an exhibition, a book and a series of seminars. The goal was to illustrate how the trademark had developed through history, which role it has in the modern society and how the trademark serves as a creator of identities. The project, mostly the exhibition, was exposed to criticism, which was directed towards the sponsorship deals between The National Museum of Art and five companies.</p>

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-103).<br>Three Dimensional Printing (3DP) is a rapid prototyping process that allows for the fabrication of injection molding tooling from computer generated models. Due to market demands for harder, more robust tooling, improving the material properties and the geometric control of 3DP parts has been a necessary goal of the project. One path to accomplishing this task is to increase the green density of the 3DP compact prior to sintering. To accomplish this goal, the printing of fine, sub-micron Titanium Carbide slurries into a large powder bed to create a dense bimodal compact was investigated. Experiments performed demonstrated that a uniform, defect free microstructure could be obtained by appropriately selecting 3DP process parameters. By spreading 4 mil layers, and double printing, sample coupons with estimated green densities of up to 83% were obtained. In addition, the effect of varying either the bimodal concentrations or the relative particle sizes, on fine porosity in 3DP parts after infiltration was studied. Three bimodal ceramic-metal material systems, each based on Titanium Carbide and subsequently infiltrated with a copper-nickel-manganese alloy, were also developed. The first system, a bimodal system of large TiC and fine TiC powders exhibits good dimensional control (net shrinkage of 0.2%) and age-hardening properties (up to 43 HRC). The second system, a bimodal system of large Stainless Steel and fine TiC powders, is characterized by modest dimensional control (less than 2%), but does not exhibit any age-hardening behavior. The third system developed, a bimodal system of large Molybdenum powders and fine TiC powders, can be hardened up to 25 HRC with a 12 hour 400°C treatment.<br>by Akan E. Oton.<br>S.M.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-101).<br>Three Dimensional Printing (3DP) is a solid free form fabrication process which enables the construction of parts directly from computer-aided design (CAD) models. In the current process, metal parts are produced by printing a polymer binder into stainless steel powder. The parts are subsequently furnace-treated to debind, lightly sinter, and then infiltrate them with a molten metal alloy. These post-printing processes cause a total linear dimensional change of approximately -1.5 ⁺/₋ 0.2%. Experiments were conducted to investigate reactive binder systems that would improve the dimensional control of metal parts produced by 3DP. Reactive binders typically require a furnace treatment in order to be activated. To prevent the printed part from deforming before binder activation, the initial furnace treatment is carried out with the part contained in the original powder bed. The binder will remain in the part permanently. Because the part is fired in the powder bed, differentiation between the bound and unbound regions places a limitation on the types of binders that may be used. The three main categories of reactive binders investigated were carbon-based binders, metal salts, and small particles. The carbon-based binders acted to bind the part by enhancing the sintering of the stainless steel powder skeleton (binding shrinkage=0.15% when fired at 800̊C in argon, total shrinkage=0.78%). The other two categories of binders, which involved the addition of material to form the interparticle bonds, resulted in even less shrinkage. Nearly zero percent shrinkage was obtained with a silver nitrate binder, which reduced to a continuous film of silver that formed the interparticle bonds.<br>This reduction occurred at 400⁰C in a forming gas atmosphere. Other salts tested did not possess this desirable reduction behavior. Low shrinkage (binding shrinkage=0.0% when fired at 700⁰C in forming gas, total shrinkage<0.4%) was also obtained with a co-dispersion of small carbonyl iron and titanium carbide particles (<2 microns avg.). The carbonyl iron acted to bind the part while the TiC particles limited the total amount of shrinkage. Further investigation into these and related systems should lead to the development of a viable, high dimensional control system for metal parts produced by 3DP.<br>by Helen Jean Yoo.<br>S.M.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, February 1994.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81).<br>Three Dimensional Printing is a process for the rapid fabrication of three dimensional parts directly from computer models. A solid object is created by printing a sequence of two dimensional layers. The creation of each layer involves the spreading of a thin layer of powdered material followed by the selective joining of powder in the layer by ink-jet printing of a binder material. Commands to modulate the binder stream are derived from CAD data. Unbound powder temporarily supports unconnected portions of the component, allowing overhangs, undercuts and internal volumes to be created. The unbound powder is removed upon process completion, leaving the finished part. The Three Dimensional Printing process was initially developed to create alumina/silica molds for metal casting. A new process was developed to allow the 3DP system to directly fabricate metal parts. Stainless steel powder was layered in the powder bed and selectively joined by a latex polymer binder. Upon process completion, the powder bed was fired in an oven to cure the polymer in the printed regions. The resulting green part, a metal powder/polymer composite, could then be removed from the powder bed. The green part had properties similar to parts produced by the Metal Injection Molding process used in industry. Two sizes of spherical stainless steel powder, 20 and 75[mu]m, were used to print parts. These powders produced parts with green densities approaching 60%. Two types of water-based, thermosetting acrylic polymers, one an emulsion and the other a sol, were used as binders. These binder materials were compatible with the existing printhead and produced parts with satisfactory green strength. Using techniques borrowed from the fields of Powder Metallurgy and Metal Injection Molding, post-processing methods to debind, sinter and infiltrate the green printed parts were developed. An infiltrated 3D Printed part was used as a tooling insert to injection mold several polypropylene parts. Many new printing phenomena, previously unseen during the printing of alumina/silica parts, were observed during the creation of a printing process for metal parts. A process development strategy was devised which allowed these new printing problems to be systematically solved. The 3D Printing process was analyzed by dividing it into discrete steps and then modifying each of these steps to allow printing of metal parts. This process development strategy is generic and can be used to adapt the 3D Printing process to other materials systems in the future.<br>by Steven P. Michaels.<br>M.S.

Focusing on the stories of three women shaped by the expectations and attitudes of the times in which they live, my novel covers the periods 1921-1937, 1937-1972, and 1973 and participates in the discourse on women's changing historical circumstances and new class and gender identities. It therefore can be read in the category of a novel of manners or a middlebrow novel. My purpose has been to explore, through creating my own characters and story, the dramatic social, cultural and economic changes that have taken place in the middle part of the twentieth century for Western women. In tracing the trajectory from one generation to the next, my fiction responds to and is inflected by the style of narration obtaining at the time. It engages, for instance, with the "reality" constructed by writers such as Virginia Woolf, Christa Wolf, and Margaret Drabble within the genre of women's fiction: of women writing for each other, in a small-scale and intimate way, and integrating the story of an individual life with the circumstances of the time. My aim has been, through writing fiction, to re-examine certain concepts of the past for myself and for the contemporary reader in order to reach slightly different conclusions and to begin to understand the past in a new way.

Prototypes physiques sont de plus en plus remplacé par des prototypes virtuels dans la mise en {\oe}uvre industrielle de Product Lifecycle Management. L'évaluation de la conception d'une pièce mécanique industrielle déformable joue un rôle important en terme de validation de ses propriétés fonctionnelles. Du point de vue industriel, un modèle déformable formulées par la méthode des éléments finis est habituellement employée. Toutefois, l'emploi du modèle n'est pas simple en temps réel interactions, en particulier lorsque les interfaces haptiques sont introduits dans ces déformation demandes d'évaluation. Récemment, une approche de pré-calcul basé sur la méthode de réduction de modèle a été largement utilisée pour réduire les charges de calcul en temps réel. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étendre l'approche de pré-calcul vers la validation de la conception de pièces mécaniques déformables pour enquêter sur la question de compromis entre l'exactitude de déformation et de la performance interaction. L'idée principale est de concevoir des techniques de traitement hors-ligne de pré-calculs et les interactions en ligne haptique. En particulier, nous développons un système de déformation en temps réel de simulation en proposant une méthode en deux étapes, associant une phase hors-ligne et une phase en ligne. Au cours de la phase hors-ligne, nous calculons la déformation des espaces basée sur l'analyse modale. Le hors-ligne de pré-calculs contribuer à la modélisation d'un modèle de déformation en temps réel sans coût qui convient à des interactions haptiques. En outre, nous proposons une méthode de maillage hors-ligne analyse de pré-calculer les espaces déformation modale en ce qui concerne les scénarios prévus évaluation déformation. Un interrupteur en temps réel entre ces différents espaces est développé de telle sorte que les calculs de déformation en ligne peuvent se concentrer sur les degrés de liberté où sont nécessaires. Au cours de la phase en ligne, nous divisons le processus de déformation en temps réel de calcul en deux modules distincts qui sont mis en {\oe}uvre sur différents processus pour assurer l'exécution interaction en temps réel haptique. Un module est consacré à la tâche de mise haptique, qui est mis en {\oe}uvre par l'extraction d'une sous-matrice de la pré-calculées matrice modale, tout en l'autre module est consacré au calcul de déformation et de la tâche de visualisation. Pour vérifier la méthode proposée dans cette thèse, nous réalisons des expériences d'interaction en interagissant avec les différents modèles avec une complexité croissante. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que notre méthode peut traiter efficacement la question de compromis, que la modélisation de la déformation est formulée par la méthode des éléments finis qui garantit la précision de déformation. Et d'ailleurs, les calculs lourds de grands systèmes élastiques sont survenus hors ligne qui assurent un modèle de déformation sans coûts d'intervention en temps réel.

This thesis deals with the question of how and why Jiihiliyya Poetry (JP) is translated into English, despite the huge differences between the two linguistic systems. The assumption underlying the answer to this complex question is that this phenomenon is cOImected with trends in the TL culture and literature. The study thus investigates the translations themselves, developing a viable, target-oriented, corpus-based methodology for the systematic study of the nature of the translated poetic text. Translation strategy, technique. equivalent response, accuracy, transparency, practicality and comprehensiveness are discussed along with the implications for translation studies. The thesis consists of nine chapters, each with a strong theoretical and functional basis. The opening chapters review modem theoretical perspectives concerning translation. Conclusions drawn by literary translators bring to the forefront what the various strategies hope to accomplish. Other works in the field of translation are also employed In developing a framework for the assessment of the selected verse translations. Chapter 1 introduces the main arguments and the structure of the thesis. Chapter 2 then concentrates on current approaches to translation, while chapter 3 discusses problems of meaning and methodology in translation in terms of the function of a text and its language. Chapter 4 presents a concise survey of the major theories of translation, and chapter 5 introduces modem views concerning the difficulties of translating poetic texts. Chapter 6 presents a concise survey of lP and its characteristics and themes. Chapter 7 presents a concise overview of the English translations of early Arabic Jiihiliyya odes that were chosen for discussion. Then, forming the main body of the study, a comparative analysis of the sample of English translations brings to light in chapter 8 the most common strategies preferred by some western translators of lP. Finally, chapter 9 summarizes the key findings of the study, assesses the translation strategies used, and suggests directions for further research.

This theory-practice PhD project combines multi-sited curatorial and anthropological research in selected north-eastern and eastern borderland sites of India. The borderland is a choice for this research due to its manifoldness. Borders, though manmade and historical, often produce ambiguous lines of divide that are amenable to myths and memories, and related animosities and allegiances in a variety of configurations. The abstract borderland is potentially capable of creating different subject positions like citizens, denizens and non-citizens. This is the project of a curator-participant who works in alternating nuanced roles as participant observer, complicit observer, ethnographer and the critical entity to tease out the different aspects of the borderland from complex anthropological interactions. The research process involves three phases in each site. The first two are the study of the territorial issues via theoretical grounding and fieldwork. These lead to the curatorial intervention in the form of workshops that emerge as knowledge producing situations. The idea is to work with a curatorial strategy that emphasises the processual and is interactive and collaborative, with a view to exploring the shared body of knowledge generated at the workshop mise-en-scènes. Hence, the workshops are conceived as interactive and participatory, involving theatre and cartographic activities among others. Also, the ideas, images and concepts culled from hybrid sources during all the phases of research are juxtaposed here to create fields of multiple inflections, bringing different spaces and times together without merging under a singular discipline. The workshops are, thus, events poised at multi-disciplinary crossroads, where the knowledge of the border experiences maximum density. The project is aimed at studying the relational features of the selected sites; examining the emergence and nature of communities, the role of outsidedness in the implicated cultures and the different temporal registers encountered in the anthropological probing into the physical and metaphorical borderland(s) in their micro-social aspects.

The general purpose of this project was to enhance the retention of social studies curriculum via internet technology. Specifically, this project involved a webquest about the three branches of government.

Students enrolled in a college preparatory reading class at one particular community college were categorized based on language origin. Native English speaking students comprised one group and foreign students formed two additional groups--students whose language origin was Latin-based (i.e. Romance languages) and students whose language origin was not Latin-based (i.e. Japanese). A pretest assessment measure was used to quantify the extent that pre-existing knowledge of Latinate word parts and morphologically complex vocabulary differed among groups based on language origin. The identical instrument served as a posttest to measure the extent that direct instruction in morphological analysis resulted in change among the same groups after one semester of instruction. Two sections on both the pretest and posttest yielded a total of four distinct mean scores that formed the primary basis for comparison. Categorizing students within the college preparatory reading class based on language origin revealed distinctive strengths and weaknesses relative to group identity when learning Latin-based word parts and vocabulary. Results of a one-way fixed-factor analysis of variance, in conjunction with multiple comparison procedures, indicated that the Latin-based group performed the strongest. This group had the greatest mean score on all four measurements; however, only for the word part section of the pretest was the difference statistically significant. The non Latin-based group performed the poorest as evidenced by scoring the lowest on three of the four measures, with a statistically significant difference for the vocabulary pretest. Additionally, a disproportionately large number of students within the native English-speaking group had difficulty mastering word parts. Though the lower group mean was statistically significant for the word part section of the posttest, practical significance was not observable from the descriptive data. A follow-up frequency tabulation revealed a dichotomization within the native English speaking group between those who proceeded to master word parts and those who did not. Furthermore, results from a pretest/posttest comparison for each respective group indicated that all three groups made significant gains on both sections of the test instrument as a result of direct instruction in Latinate word parts and vocabulary. However, there was an incongruity between word part and vocabulary mastery as all three group means were markedly better on the word part section of the instrument. The results of this study suggest that college preparatory students, regardless of their language origin, enter higher education with limited knowledge of Latinate word parts and vocabulary. The results further suggest that students comprising the heterogeneously populated college preparatory reading class can profit from direct instruction in morphological analysis--regardless of language origin. Prior research has demonstrated that college-level content words tend to be morphologically complex, singular in meaning, and likely to be Latinate in origin. Reading is the salient skill utilized across the curriculum and often the primary means of content dissemination. Reading, in turn, is principally linked to the extent of one's vocabulary. Consequently, teaching morphologically complex vocabulary at the college preparatory level along with providing a working knowledge of morphemes can assist students toward college readiness.<br>Ed.D.<br>Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership<br>Education<br>Educational Leadership

The three movements of this piece are related proportionally in that movements one and two represent three-fifths of the length of the whole. Movement three represents two-fifths of the length of the whole. Another proportional relationship exists between movements one and two. Movement one represents two-fifths of the length of the first two movements, while movement two represents three-fifths of the length of the two. An additional link between the three movements is pitch content. Movements one and two have little in common in this regard, but movement three combines elements of the first two. The duration of the entire piece is approximately fifteen minutes.

This study explores the factors that influence the ways in which intermediate students learn comprehension strategies. A substantial scholarship offers evidence of the success of three factors: the teacher, Support structures, and the efficacy of the specific comprehension strategies taught.

We discuss the lensing analysis of a large sample of numerically simulated galaxy clusters from the Three Hundred project. The main motivation is to build a database containing maps and other data usable in a vast number of applications, from testing the several predictions of the ΛCDM model to the calibration of cluster mass proxies. The dataset consists of the 324 most massive cluster-scale halos identified in the MultiDark cosmological simulation. In the framework of the 300 project, each halo was resimulated at high resolution using a zoom-in technique including full baryonic physics. We consider clusters in 9 simulation snapshots corresponding to z=0.116-0.942. Each cluster was projected along three lines of sight. We produced maps of the lensing potential, deflection angles, convergence, shear and determinant of the lensing Jacobian. Two kinds of maps were produced: some higher resolution maps focused on the more central cluster strong lensing regions, and other maps with a wider field of view more suitable to study the weak lensing regime. In addition, we computed critical lines and caustics for several source z and measure strong lensing cross sections and projected weak-lensing masses and concentrations. We consider some practical applications of the data. We show that the cross sections for multiple images and for GGSL are growing functions of cluster properties such as the mass, the concentration and the Einstein radius. We show that using the clusters in the Three Hundred project, we reproduce the results of Meneghetti et al. (2020), who showed that cluster halos simulated in the context of the ΛCDM model produce about an order of magnitude less GGSL events than observed in massive galaxy clusters. We illustrate the origin of the concentration bias of strong-lensing selected galaxy clusters. We discuss an experiment, involving the creation of mock shear catalogs, aimed at calibrating the relation between true and weak lensing masses.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 395-399).<br>The material properties and dimensional accuracy of metal tooling produced by the Three Dimensional Printing process can be enhanced by increasing the green density of the 3D printed part. Green density is the ratio of metal powder volume to the external volume of the printed part, and is a measure of how tightly packed the powder particles in the printed part are. The central goal of this thesis was to increase the green density of metal parts from the current level of 58% to levels greater than 75%. Two approaches were taken for increasing green density. The first was to utilize bimodal mixtures of metal powders which could be packed to significantly higher densities than the monomodal powders which had been previously used. Three bimodal powder mixtures, with tap densities near 80%, were studied. The second approach was to develop a new powder layering device which could pack these bimodal powders to the tap density during layer creation. New understandings about the relationship between the stresses applied to the powder layer and the resulting packing density changes were required to design this device. Shear cell and unconfined compression tests were performed to characterize the metal powder stress / strain behavior. Particulate stress / strain models, such as the Mohr-Coulomb failure law and the Jenike yield locus theory, were used to interpret the packing behavior of the metal powders under various stress conditions.<br>(cont.) A simple frictional model of powder behavior was proposed for the low stress levels permissible in the 3DP process. The application of a small static normal stress, in combination with an oscillatory horizontal shear stress, was found to be the most effective means of reducing particle interlocking and provided the best layer densification results. A new layer densification mechanism was constructed and successfully used to generate printed parts with green densities in excess of 75%. Photographic analysis techniques used to analyze part microstructures indicated significant improvements in packing homogeneity. Packing defects between the printed layers were reduced or eliminated. Compositional analysis indicated no significant segregation of the bimodal components during layer spreading.<br>by Steven Joseph Gregorski.<br>Ph.D.

Les organitzacions actuals se veuen obligades a establir avantatges competitius sostenibles per tal de prosperar en el mercat global. Les innovacions amb èxit han estat considerades àmpliament una base fonamental per generar avantatge competitiu (Dodgson et al., 2005). Aquestes innovacions les generen habitualment els equips (Brown i Eisenhardt, 1995). Liderar un equip d’innovació s’ha identificat com un dels factors clau d’èxit per als projectes innovadors (Amabile i Khaire, 2008). El lideratge no tan sols repercuteix en uns indicadors d’acompliment hard com el caràcter innovador del projecte, sinó que s’ha vist que també contribueix a millorar l’actitud de l’equip, les seves percepcions i creences (Gordon i Yukl, 2002). En concret, los líders d’equip eficaços són els que participen en activitats orientades a la substància de la tasca de l’equip, les relacions i el canvi (Yukl, 2010), les quals alhora faciliten els processos de grup i es demostra que repercuteixen positivament en uns resultats diversos pel que fa a l’acompliment (Burke et al., 2006). En la mesura que el lideratge s’orienta a influir en els processos d’equip pel que fa a construir condicions socials, estructurar les tasques de l’equip i obrir la mentalitat dels seus membres cap a coses noves (Yukl, 2010), és interessant estudiar un procés d’equip que es basi en les condicions creades per les activitats de lideratge. L’aprenentatge cooperatiu o en equip (team learning), que aquí es defineix com la interacció entre la reflexió i l’acció (Edmondson, 2002), és un procés que requereix interaccions personals, com també l’estructura de la tasca de l’equip. A més, l’aprenentatge cooperatiu millora molt quan algú de l’equip l’impulsa a mirar més enllà dels seus límits o en qüestiona l’statu quo. El motiu d’estudiar aquests conceptes no tan sols es justifica per les condicions necessàries per a l’aprenentatge que es generen a través del lideratge, sinó també pel fet que el lideratge com a factor d’input i l’aprenentatge cooperatiu com a procés de grup són dues precondicions crítiques perquè l’equip adopti un caràcter innovador (Amabile et al., 2004; Wong, 2004). Atès que l’aprenentatge cooperatiu és especialment important en aquells equips que participen en tasques creatives no rutinàries (Edmondson, 1999), m’he centrat en el lideratge compartit en aquest projecte de tesi doctoral perquè aquest enfocament del lideratge és especialment adequat per als equips que realitzen tasques creatives, complexes i no rutinàries (Pearce, 2004). A diferència del lideratge vertical, en el lideratge compartit tot l’equip, inclòs el líder del projecte, participa en el lideratge (Carson et al., 2007; Pearce, 2004). Aquest projecte de tesi doctoral és un primer pas cap a la construcció d’aquesta teoria centrant-se en el rol del lideratge compartit en l’aprenentatge cooperatiu. He presentat dades extretes d’un estudi observatori sobre el lideratge compartit i el procés d’aprenentatge en tres equips de projecte. Observant i entrevistant aquests equips, vam extraure les conclusions següents de les dades obtingudes. En primer lloc, cercant interrelacions entre cada una de les tres substàncies del lideratge i l’aprenentatge cooperatiu, proporcionem uns coneixements amb profunditat concretament sobre la relació existent entre la substància de la tasca i la del canvi, que afecten la reflexió i l’acció, per tal com aquestes relacions mai abans no s’havien estudiat (Edmondson et al., 2008). Les relacions i la substància del canvi primerament recolzaven la part reflexiva de l’aprenentatge, mentre que la substància de la tasca del lideratge bàsicament millorava la part activa de l’aprenentatge. En segon lloc, no tan sols he estudiat aquests tres categories de lideratge en l’aprenentatge cooperatiu individualment, sinó que també he analitzat el caràcter complementari d’aquestes tres substàncies del lideratge pel que fa a l’aprenentatge cooperatiu. Les conclusions empíriques han demostrat que, per participar en cicles de reflexió i acció amb èxit, l’equip necessita prendre part en activitats de lideratge com les tasques, les relacions i el canvi.<br>Las organizaciones actuales se ven obligadas a fijar ventajas competitivas sostenibles con el fin de prosperar en el mercado global. Las innovaciones de éxito han sido consideradas ampliamente una base fundamental para generar ventaja competitiva (Dodgson et al., 2005). Dichas innovaciones son generadas habitualmente por equipos (Brown y Eisenhardt, 1995). Liderar un equipo de innovación se ha identificado como uno de los factores clave de éxito para los proyectos de innovación (Amabile y Khaire, 2008). El liderazgo no solo repercute en unos indicadores de desempeño hard como el carácter innovador del proyecto, sino que también se ha visto que contribuye a mejorar la actitud del equipo, sus percepciones y creencias (Gordon y Yukl, 2002). En concreto, los líderes de equipo eficaces son los que toman parte en actividades orientadas a la sustancia de la tarea del equipo, las relaciones y el cambio (Yukl, 2010), que, a su vez, facilitan los procesos de grupo y se demuestra que repercuten positivamente en unos resultados del desempeño diversos (Burke et al., 2006). En la medida que el liderazgo se dirige a influir en los procesos de equipo en lo relativo a construir condiciones sociales, estructurar las tareas del equipo y abrir la mentalidad de sus miembros hacia algo nuevo (Yukl, 2010), resulta interesante estudiar un proceso de equipo que se base en las condiciones creadas por las actividades del liderazgo. El aprendizaje cooperativo o en equipo (team learning), que aquí se define como la interacción entre la reflexión y la acción (Edmondson, 2002), es un proceso que requiere interacciones personales, así como la estructura de la tarea del equipo. Además, el aprendizaje cooperativo mejora mucho cuando alguien del equipo lo impulsa a mirar más allá de sus límites o cuestiona su statu quo. La razón para estudiar estos conceptos no solo se justifica por las condiciones necesarias para el aprendizaje que se generan a través del liderazgo, sino también por el hecho de que el liderazgo como factor de input y el aprendizaje cooperativo como proceso de grupo son dos precondiciones críticas para que el equipo adopte un carácter innovador (Amabile et al., 2004; Wong, 2004). Puesto que el aprendizaje cooperativo es especialmente importante en aquellos equipos que participan en tareas creativas no rutinarias (Edmondson, 1999), me he centrado en el liderazgo compartido en este proyecto de tesis doctoral porque este enfoque del liderazgo es especialmente adecuado para los equipos que realizan tareas creativas, complejas y no rutinarias (Pearce, 2004). A diferencia del liderazgo vertical, en el liderazgo compartido todo el equipo, incluyendo al líder del proyecto, participa en el liderazgo (Carson et al., 2007; Pearce, 2004). Este proyecto de tesis doctoral es un primer paso hacia la construcción de esta teoría centrándose en el rol del liderazgo compartido en el aprendizaje cooperativo. He presentado datos extraídos de un estudio observatorio sobre el liderazgo compartido y el proceso de aprendizaje en tres equipos de proyecto. Observando y entrevistando a estos equipos, extrajimos las siguientes conclusiones de los datos obtenidos. En primer lugar, buscando interrelaciones entre cada una de las tres sustancias del liderazgo y el aprendizaje cooperativo, proporcionamos unos conocimientos en profundidad concretamente sobre la relación existente entre la sustancia de la tarea y la del cambio que afectan a la reflexión y a la acción, tal como estas relaciones jamás se habían estudiado anteriormente (Edmondson et al., 2008). Las relaciones y la sustancia del cambio principalmente apoyaban la parte reflexiva del aprendizaje, mientras que la sustancia de la tarea del liderazgo básicamente mejoraba la parte activa del aprendizaje. En segundo lugar, no sólo he estudiado estas tres categorías de liderazgo en el aprendizaje cooperativo individualmente, sino que también he analizado el carácter complementario de estas tres sustancias del liderazgo en lo relativo al aprendizaje cooperativo. Las conclusiones empíricas han demostrado que, para participar en ciclos de reflexión y acción exitosos, el equipo necesita tomar parte en actividades de liderazgo como las tareas, las relaciones y el cambio.<br>Today’s organizations are forced to establish sustainable competitive advantages in order to outpace the global market. Successful innovations have been broadly considered a vital basis for the generation of competitive advantage (Dodgson et al., 2005). Such innovations are typically generated by teams (Brown & Eisenhardt, 1995). Leading an innovation team has been identified as one of the key success factors for innovation projects (Amabile & Khaire, 2008). Leadership does not only impact on hard performance indicators such as project innovativeness but is also shown to enhance a team’s attitude, perceptions and beliefs (Gordon & Yukl, 2002). Particularly, effective team leaders are those engaging in activities directed at the substance of the team’s task, relations and change (Yukl, 2010) which, in turn, facilitate group processes and are shown to positively impact diverse performance outcomes (Burke et al., 2006). As leadership is directed at influencing team processes in terms of building up social conditions, framing the team’s tasks and opening team members’ minds for something new (Yukl, 2010), it is interesting to study a team process which is based on the conditions created by leadership activities. Team learning, here defined as the interplay of reflection and action (Edmondson, 2002), is a process which requires personal interactions as well as a frame of the team’s task. Additionally, team learning is much enhanced when someone in the team is pushing the team to look outside its boundaries or challenging the status quo. Not only the required conditions for learning generated through leadership highlight the reason for studying these two concepts, but also the fact that leadership as an input factor and team learning as a group process are both critical antecedent conditions for team innovativeness (Amabile et al., 2004; Wong, 2004). Since team learning is especially important for teams engaging in creative non-routine tasks (Edmondson, 1999), I have focused on shared leadership in this PhD project because this leadership approach is especially suitable for teams in charge of creative, complex and non-routine tasks (Pearce, 2004). In contrast to vertical leadership, in shared leadership the team including the project leader is engaged in leadership (Carson et al., 2007; Pearce, 2004). This PhD project is a first step towards building up this theory by focusing on the role of shared leadership in team learning. I have presented data from an observatory study on shared leadership and learning process in three project teams. By observing and interviewing those teams, the following findings emerged from the data: Firstly, by researching interrelations between each of the three leadership substances and team learning, I provide in-depth knowledge, in particular concerning the link between the task and change substance affecting reflection and action as these links have not studied been before (Edmondson et al., 2008): Relations and change substance primarily supported the reflection part of learning, whereas the task substance of leadership basically enhanced the action part of learning. Secondly, not only have I studied these three leadership categories on team learning individually, but I have also provided insights into the complementary character of these three leadership substances as regards team learning. Empirical findings have shown that in order to engage in successful learning cycles of reflection and action, a team needs to engage in leadership activities of task, relations and change.

Gyorgy Druschetzky was a noted Czech composer of Harmoniemusik, who wrote more than 150 partitas and serenades, along with at least thirty-two other selections for larger wind groups. This is in addition to twenty-seven symphonies, eleven concertos (most for wind instruments), two fantasias, forty-seven string quartets, two operas, a ballet that is lost, and other miscellaneous chamber music for various combinations of wind/string instruments. Three of his works for winds have existed only in manuscript form since their composition: Concerto in E-flat pour 2 clarinett en B, 2 cors en E-flat, 2 fagott; Overture to Mozart's Die Zauberflöte; and Partitta a la camera a corno di bassetto primo, secondo, terzo, due corno di caccia, due fagotti. These works remain remarkably interesting to modern ears and deserve to be heard in the twenty-first century. Along with a brief examination of Druschetzky's life and how it figures into the history of Harmoniemusik, this work presents each piece edited into a modern performance edition.

<p> This thesis serves as a record for the process of designing and delivering costumes for the production of <i>Back to Methuselah</i>, produced by the Washington Stage Guild at the Undercroft Theatre of Mount Vernon Place United Methodist Church, 900 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C., opening on February 19 and closing on March 13, 2015. It was directed by Bill Largess, costume designs were done by Debbie Kennedy, set design was by Shirong Gu, lighting designer was Marianne Meadows, sound design was by Frank DiSalvo, Jr. and stage manager was Arthur Nordlie. This document traces the seven steps of the design process, includes supporting research, describes challenges and opportunities and showcases final production photographs.</p>

Evaluates and assesses the probes and associated probeware of three manufacturers using a variety of criteria that are essential information for a consumer. The probes and probeware examined include Pasco Scientific's ScienceWorkshop, Venier's LabPro, and Onset's HOBO. Three experiments were used to test each of the criteria for comparison. Based on the data in the study no manufacturer proved themselves to be clearly the best, and taken collectively the benefits and drawbacks balance out.

Three general coaching methods have been developed to help increase the effectiveness of soccer coaches through appropriate training sessions and game analysis. This project examines and compares the different coaching courses and strategies sponsored by the American Youth Soccer Organization, National Soccer Coaches Association of America, and United States Soccer Federation.

This paper explores different quality management systems (QMS) and correlates their value in achieving success as measured by the Malcolm Baldrige Award. The three major quality management systems were reviewed, International Organization of Standards (ISO), Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma. Quality management systems are the single most powerful tool that a company can establish to create a sucessful organization.

The document most frequently used to support a water resource project's economic feasibility is the commercial benefit-cost analysis, which quantifies tangible and direct project consequences. The objective of this type of analysis is simply to maximize net monetary benefits. This analysis assigns an arbitrary monetary value to ecological and social disruptions, if it does not ignore these effects entirely. An improvement on this method is the social benefit-cost analysis, which assesses sane intangible costs such as air and noise pollution. Unfortunately, even the social analysis usually neglects the sometimes profound effects that a large water resource project has upon quality of life, particularly with regards to massive relocations. The purpose of this dissertation is to resolve these problems by presenting a method by which a water resource study team may use five unique viewpoints - technical, organizational, personal, social, and environmental - to quantify and compare the true benefits and costs of project construction and operation. The study team begins by rigorously documenting the three general categories of project consequence (economic, social and environmental) and assigning each benefit or cost a relative value within category according to perceived positive or negative effects. The second step is to use these quantifications to produce three impact vs. dam height curves. The final and most difficult step in this study process is to assign a relative weight to the respective economic, social, and enviromental impact clusters, depending on national priorities and the biases and personal viewpoints of the decisiomaker (s). The final product of this procedure is a single curve which is used to further investigate and assess the overall feasibility of a water resource project and the 'optimum' range of dam heights. All of the possible impacts of a large water resource project, whether they be tangible or intangible, should be investigated in order to produce an authentic indicator of project efficiency. The only way to insure that all impacts are properly accounted for is to perform an exhaustive examination of a water resource project from the five perspectives mentioned above. The body of this dissertation is an example analysis based upon the proposed Three Gorge Dam and Reservoir on the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China. This project will be the world's largest power plant at 13,000 megawatts. Because of its size, anticipated impacts, and the interest it has generated all over the world, the Three Gorge project is considered the ideal subject of a comprehensive multiple perspective analysis as described in this study.

This project was an assessment of elderly health care needs and access. Three urban San Bernardino communities in zip codes 92405, 92410, and 92411 were targeted. The assessment was structured according to King's theoretical construction of community as a multilevel interaction between personal, interpersonal and social systems. The components of the assessment included digital photographs, web-based internet assessments, key informant interviews, and community business visits.

Population growth, coupled with changing weather patterns, is straining water supplies, especially in the American Southwest. A multitude of tools, including additional storage, will be needed to meet water demand and supply gaps. The Animas-La Plata Project, a reservoir in southwest Colorado, provides a case study of how groups worked for nearly 70 years to solve a water problem: insufficient irrigation for agriculture. This qualitative case study addressed a lack of first-person narratives from those most involved. Its purpose was to gather stakeholder narratives and analyze them using Kingdon's three streams theory to address the extent to which the problem, policy, and political streams converged to open policy windows that resulted in a built facility. Purposeful sampling identified 11 organizational stakeholders with the highest seniority and longest association with the project. Transcribed data from structured interview questions were inductively coded and thematically analyzed. Key findings include identification of a major federal policy change in the late 1970s to 1980s that excluded escalated benefits of water projects. Within this same timeframe, necessary elements were present to open a policy window, the Colorado Ute Indian Water Rights Settlement, which resulted in project construction. If strategists can learn to predict the opening of policy windows "when the problem, policy, and political streams join" water resource planning and policy can be improved. Retrospective narrative analysis is a promising ex post audit and evaluation tool that policy analysts can use to assess program performance and lessons learned. Social change implications of the study are that its findings on the need for positive collaboration may prove valuable to those in management who seek to address water scarcity issues.

Despite its strategic importance most firms managing complex product development fail to meet their pre-set or emerging targets. This thesis argues that this is due to a number of limitations in the fundamental assumptions behind the dominant approach based on planning. Two alternative approaches are introduced and elaborated based on extensive empirical investigation of five organizational settings at Ericsson applying the dominant approach and two organizational settings also at Ericsson that repeatedly succeed to meet pre-set and emerging targets. The two alternative approaches; integrationdriven development and dynamic synchronization are based on integration, building dependencies, allocating resources to the boundaries and building a capacity for real-time handling of both emerging problems and opportunities rather than minimizing deviations from the pre-set plan.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999

The project is an activity based, interdisciplinary curriculum for a simulated outdoor camp that occurs primarily within the elementary classroom. The purpose of the camp is to increase the students' level of awareness of and appreciation for the outdoors.

The purpose of this project is to apply marketing tactics and advertising strategies in the form of an advertising campaign. The goal of this campaign is to increase the sales and profits of the "Diamond drink."