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Landuyt, Hanne, Harry Van Loen, Bai L. Dondeh, Badou M. Gaye, and Yven Van Herrewege. "PO 8471 A SURVEY OF CURRENT CLINICAL DATA MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A41.3—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.109.
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BackgroundInformation on clinical data management (CDM) practices in clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. As part of ALERRT (the African coalition for Epidemic Research, Response and Training, an EDCTP-funded project) we want to gauge current CDM and ICT practices and identify possible gaps within different research institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. This information will be used to develop a scalable, GCP-compliant, robust CDM/ICT infrastructure suitable for resource-poor settings and response-ready in the event of an outbreak.MethodsAn online survey was designed to assess the experience of the participating sites with the various CDM processes, CDM documentation and facilities, the availability of dedicated staff and their experience with GCP. In addition, ICT features essential to CDM will be assessed. Lastly, information on the use of CDM software will be obtained. Respondents can request to receive personalised feedback (aimed to improve their CDM practices) based on their results. The survey, in English and French, will be sent out to 100 sites in sub-Saharan Africa. Sites with intermittent internet connections will receive an MS-Office Word-version of the survey.ResultsThe survey will be closed after a month. Personalised feedback (if requested) will be sent to the respondents. Descriptive analysis of the survey results will be done, and results will be used to design standard data management tools, tailored to the needs of research sites in sub-Saharan Africa and suitable for emergency research. Both results and tools will be disseminated to the scientific community.ConclusionThe results of this survey will provide relevant information on the current CDM and ICT practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Potential pitfalls will be identified and opportunities for improvement will be addressed. Furthermore, the survey will offer a chance to exchange ideas between African and European partners on how to implement good CDM and ICT practices.
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Nkuruziza, Gideon, Francis Kasekende, Samson Omuudu Otengei, Shafic Mujabi, and Joseph Mpeera Ntayi. "An investigation of key predictors of performance of agricultural projects in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 7 (July 11, 2016): 676–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2014-0181.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways of improving performance of agricultural projects through stakeholder engagement and knowledge management in a Sub-Saharan context. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 342 agricultural projects in Mukono and Wakiso districts in Uganda. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Findings – The results reveal that stakeholder engagement and knowledge management are valuable intangible resources that significantly influence performance of agricultural projects. The findings, managerial and policy implications are fully discussed in this paper. Originality/value – The authors empirically show that a model that synchronizes stakeholder engagement, knowledge management and performance of agricultural projects is a requirement for promoting sustainable agricultural performance outcomes. This study makes a contribution by providing information that is relevant for filling the practical gap that exists in agricultural projects of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as contributing to the theoretical development of project management discipline.
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Gbahabo, Paul Terna, and Oluseye Samuel Ajuwon. "Effects of Project Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays in Sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i2.p46-59.
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This paper provides conceptual insights on the economic impact of project cost overrun and schedule delays on infrastructure procurement in developing countries with huge infrastructure deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa. Projects cost overruns and schedule delay are a major and widespread problem in infrastructure procurement the world over. It has received a lot of attention in the recent past. However, the literature reveals that extant studies on project overruns are heavily skewed towards causative factors, with little or no attention to the effects it has on the economy as a whole. The paucity of studies on the effects of project cost overrun and schedule delay will further reinforce the imperative to reacquaint policymakers and infrastructure developers, as well as project financiers with the gravity and import of the problem for infrastructural development in particular and the wider economy in general. The study undertakes an exploratory approach drawing from a wide range of secondary information and materials obtained from policy documents, study reports and peer-reviewed articles. The findings show that cost overrun and schedule delay in infrastructure procurement can have a damaging economic effect ranging from allocative inefficiency of scarce resources, further delays, contractual disputes, claims and litigation to project failure and total abandonment. The study recommends project management capacity-building for infrastructure developers, project managers as well as a number of innovative control mechanisms such as reference class forecasting, public-private partnership and computer-aided cost estimating tools including artificial neural networks, data mining, building information modelling as well as fuzzy neural inference model, genetic algorithms, and stochastic simulation to curb the menace of the problem.
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Gb, Paul Terna, and Oluseye Samuel Ajuwon. "Effects of Project Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays in Sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v7i2.p46-59.
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This paper provides conceptual insights on the economic impact of project cost overrun and schedule delays on infrastructure procurement in developing countries with huge infrastructure deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa. Projects cost overruns and schedule delay are a major and widespread problem in infrastructure procurement the world over. It has received a lot of attention in the recent past. However, the literature reveals that extant studies on project overruns are heavily skewed towards causative factors, with little or no attention to the effects it has on the economy as a whole. The paucity of studies on the effects of project cost overrun and schedule delay will further reinforce the imperative to reacquaint policymakers and infrastructure developers, as well as project financiers with the gravity and import of the problem for infrastructural development in particular and the wider economy in general. The study undertakes an exploratory approach drawing from a wide range of secondary information and materials obtained from policy documents, study reports and peer-reviewed articles. The findings show that cost overrun and schedule delay in infrastructure procurement can have a damaging economic effect ranging from allocative inefficiency of scarce resources, further delays, contractual disputes, claims and litigation to project failure and total abandonment. The study recommends project management capacity-building for infrastructure developers, project managers as well as a number of innovative control mechanisms such as reference class forecasting, public-private partnership and computer-aided cost estimating tools including artificial neural networks, data mining, building information modelling as well as fuzzy neural inference model, genetic algorithms, and stochastic simulation to curb the menace of the problem.
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Appiah, Divine Odame, and Stephanie Esinu Adjoa Gbeddy. "A synthesis of the implementation ambivalence of REDD+ in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia." Forest and Society 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v2i1.2918.
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Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and associated benefits (REDD+), has received much attention as one of the most controversial climate change initiatives, especially by forest fringed community actors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Southeast Asia, (SEA) who are skeptical of the scheme.The object of this paper is to examine the seeming potential benefits and accompanying risks and challenges of REDD+ on the livelihoods among smallholder farmers in SSA and SEA. The paper espouses the sustainability context of REDD+ projects as pro-poor forest management mechanisms; through the provision of alternative livelihood. This is achieved through critical review and critique of scientific articles, project reports and relevant documents on REDD+ interventions from a worldwide, regional to local scale. The paper identifies projects that seem to solidify claims that REDD+ projects are simply a new form of colonialism; which the West is using to take advantage of vulnerable groups in the South. The paper concludes with the need to actively engage sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian women in climate change mitigation benefit schemes on account of the expedient role women play in agricultural activities (which may involve deforestation and forest land degradation).
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Graham, Christopher. "Managing Climate Change: The Role of Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Building Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3386.
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Research increasingly suggests that climate change has intensified the frequency of droughts, floods, and other environmental disasters across sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the resulting array of climate-induced challenges, various stakeholders are working collectively to build climate resilience in rural and urban communities and trans-continentally. This paper examines key climate resilience-building projects that have been implemented across sub-Saharan Africa through multi-stakeholder partnerships. It uses a vulnerabilities assessment approach to examine the strategic value of these projects in managing the mitigation of climate shocks and long-term environmental changes. There are still many challenges to building climate resilience in the region, but through multi-stakeholder partnerships, sub-Saharan African nations are expanding their capacity to pool resources and build collective action aimed at financing and scaling up innovative climate solutions. This article contributes to ongoing interdisciplinary academic, management, and policy discourses on global climate adaptation focused on populations and landscapes most at risk.
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Callo-Concha, Daniel, Hannah Jaenicke, Christine B. Schmitt, and Manfred Denich. "Food and Non-Food Biomass Production, Processing and Use in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Regional Bioeconomy." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052013.
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The bioeconomy concept has the aim of adding sustainability to the production, transformation and trade of biological goods. Though taken up throughout the world, the development of national bioeconomies is uneven, especially in the global South, where major challenges exist in Sub-Saharan Africa with respect to implementation. The BiomassWeb project aims to underpin the bioeconomy concept by applying the ‘value web’ approach, which seeks to uncover complex interlinked value webs instead of linear value chains. The project also aimed to develop intervention options to strengthen and optimize the synergies and trade-offs among different value chains. The special issue “Advances in Food and Non-Food Biomass Production, Processing and Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Basis for a Regional Bioeconomy" compiles 22 articles produced in this framework. The articles are grouped in four sections: the value web approach; the production side; processing, transformation and trade; and global views. The synthesis presented in this paper introduces the challenges of the African bioeconomy and the value web approach, and outlines the contributing articles.
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Easter, KW, and S. Zekri. "Reform of irrigation management and investment policy in African development." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2004): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i4.1296.
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This paper examines the reform of water and irrigation management in Africa and compares it with similar reforms in Asia. Several things are evident from the review. First, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is at an earlier stage of irrigation development and reform than Asia. Second, the articulated need for reform is much stronger in Asia than it is in SSA. Third, the productivity of small-scale irrigated farms is significantly lower in SSA compared to Asia. Thus any irrigation investment strategy in SSA should be different from Asia and focus on increasing small-farm productivity as well as small-scale irrigation projects. Finally, all direct government irrigation investments should be done jointly with decisions regarding the type of project management.
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Gulyani, Sumila, and Ellen M. Bassett. "Retrieving the Baby from the Bathwater: Slum Upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 486–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c4p.
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Drawing on project experiences over a thirty-year period and academic literature, this paper focuses on the question: what has worked in slum upgrading in Africa? We find that efforts to regularize land titles to confer de jure security of tenure have not been encouraging. By contrast, infrastructure investment efforts have performed better—they have conferred de facto security of tenure and also ameliorated living conditions. Over time project-based learning and microlevel innovations have helped improve upgrading performance. To create broader and sustainable benefits, however, upgrading needs to go to scale. We propose an upgrading strategy with the following elements—a programmatic approach that links slums to citywide systems, is channelled through government, and combines a community-demand and participation approach with supply-side constraints and rules of access.
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Jetu, Fanta Tesgera, René Riedl, and Friedrich Roithmayr. "Cultural Patterns Influencing Project Team Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study in Ethiopia." Project Management Journal 42, no. 5 (September 2011): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20260.
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Nazzi, F., D. Annoscia, S. Del Fabbro, and F. Del Piccolo. "Research and education for sustainability in a beekeeping project in sub-Saharan Africa." Environment, Development and Sustainability 16, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-013-9497-2.
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Madichie, Nnamdi O. "The business of saving lives in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) - a social imperative? Insights from “The Global Soap Project”." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2014-0025.
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Purpose Using a single case study of The Global Soap Project, a social enterprise founded by an African Immigrant resident in the USA, this study aims to explore and posit how lives could be saved in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially so in light of the Ebola pandemic ravaging swathes of West African communities. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study interrogates both the identity of a diasporic social entrepreneur in an attempt to develop a framework that links this concept to community entrepreneurship using a single case study. Findings With hindsight, The Global Soap Project has much to offer in terms of “saving lives” in these communities, as the battle against the Ebola virus calls for containment measures. Research limitations/implications While arguably limited in terms of being a single case, this study furthers the understanding on the role of social entrepreneurship in complementing community efforts and coping strategies for tackling pandemics such as the Ebola virus. Social implications Evidently, while vaccines are being fast-tracked, the spread of the virus can be curtailed through personal hygiene, and the project illustrates how an individual social enterprise can be leveraged at the community level. Originality/value The study provides avenues for future research enquiry into how single cases might be transformed into multiple cases, both within and across sectors, for the benefit of humanity in general and affected communities in particular.
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Tigabu, Aschalew D., Charles F. Nicholson, Amy S. Collick, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "Determinants of household participation in the management of rural water supply systems: A case from Ethiopia." Water Policy 15, no. 6 (July 24, 2013): 985–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.160.
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Access to safe drinking water supply in Ethiopia is among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. While both governmental and non-governmental organizations have implemented water supply projects in recent years, many fail shortly after construction due to improper management. In this paper, we examine socio-economic, institutional and exogenous factors affecting household participation in the management of water supply systems for drinking purposes. A survey was carried out involving 16 water supply systems and 160 households within the Achefer area, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The results show that household contributions to water supply system management are positively and significantly affected by user participation during the project design and implementation, by advocacy provided by the project and by greater household income. Thus, for drinking water systems in rural areas to be sustainable, these factors should be included when planning water supply projects.
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Tshombe, Lukamba Muhiya, and Thekiso Molokwane. "An analysis of public private partnership in emerging economies." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4c2art8.
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This article examines the significance of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in emerging economies. The major focus of the paper is the African continent. The article briefly discusses the origin and implementation PPPs in different continents across the globe. A qualitative research paradigm is adopted to analyse public private partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Qualitative research is exploratory and is frequently used to investigate a subject area in which there is limited information. This method of investigation sheds light on the different PPP projects. A case study strategy adopted in this study was used create understanding of the different process emanating from the implementation of PPPs in Africa continent. A comprehensive understanding of PPP implementation in SSA is essential. PPPs should be considered in sectors where there is a need to improve infrastructure and service delivery. Every government should have legislation in place as well as a regulatory framework on PPPs to facilitate local and foreign investors to implement new projects. The absence of a legal and regulatory framework on PPPs hinders close collaboration between the public and private sector in certain countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Anecdotal evidence from interviews with public officials indicates the need for government to focus on a specific project where it (government) perceives a need for a private company to participate. This article argues that the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project is an excellent model for governments in SSA where there is a deficit infrastructure, required to provide improved service delivery. Most BOT projects require sizeable financial investment. Most governments prefer to use BOT to construct specific infrastructure such as new electricity power plants, toll roads, prisons, dams and water plants. Experience has revealed that BOT agreements tend to reduce market and credit risk for the private sector because in most instances government is the only customer, thus reducing the risk associated with insufficient demand and the inability to pay.
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Taylor, S., S. A. Asimah, R. Buamah, K. Nyarko, S. P. Sekuma, Y. N. Coulibaly, A. Wozuame, P. Jeffrey, and A. H. Parker. "Towards sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene technology use in sub-Saharan Africa: the Learning Alliance approach." Water Policy 19, no. 1 (July 23, 2016): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.252.
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To extend water, sanitation and hygiene services to all, technological innovations are required which take into account a diverse range of stakeholder perspectives. We report the experiences of an intervention which sought to build capacity in the assessment and introduction of technologies in Uganda, Ghana and Burkina Faso by developing the Technology Applicability Framework (TAF), a tool which culminates in a multi-stakeholder scoring workshop. The project also used Learning Alliances to build capacity around technology introduction. This paper explores how stakeholder attitudes changed through the project and evaluates the Learning Alliance approach. It finds that whilst the intervention did manage to connect stakeholders in a novel way, uptake of the TAF may be hampered by a lack of government involvement in the earliest stages of the project.
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Higginbottom, Thomas P., Roshan Adhikari, Ralitza Dimova, Sarah Redicker, and Timothy Foster. "Performance of large-scale irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa." Nature Sustainability 4, no. 6 (January 18, 2021): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00670-7.
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Benon-be-isan Nyuur, Richard, Daniel F. Ofori, and Yaw Debrah. "Corporate social responsibility in Sub-Saharan Africa: hindering and supporting factors." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2012-0002.
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Purpose – In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained recognition and importance in both business and political settings. While considerable research has been conducted on CSR in developed countries, the extant literature on CSR in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is scant and CSR is seen in terms of philanthropy. This paper aims to examine CSR from a broader perspective and in particular to identify the factors that hinder and promote CSR activities in SSA using the Smit (2009) CSR Value Chain Model. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on data obtained from a survey conducted by GTZ (now GIZ) on factors promoting and hindering CSR in SSA. The study surveyed 85 companies from six countries, namely; South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia. The study essentially examined the internal and external CSR environments of the companies in the participating countries. Findings – The study revealed that there are nine key promoting and hindering factors of CSR for businesses in SSA. These include: leadership and governance, policy framework, project management, monitoring, evaluation and reporting, stakeholder engagement, staff engagement, government, funding and beneficiation. The study recommends a systemic and context-sensitive approach that relies on the potential of organisations and communities to design and implement their own solution within global frameworks in order to further develop CSR in the region. Research limitations/implications – There are a number of limitations in this study. First, this study did not include any informants from the responding organisations’ stakeholder groups, but relied mainly on information obtained from single respondents from organisations. Further research should include responses from other stakeholder groups. Practical implications – To promote or achieve the successful implementation of CSR and broaden its scope within the region beyond its current focus on philanthropy, managers must build bridges with their stakeholders through both formal and informal dialogues and engagement practices. Additionally, firms may enhance and maximise both social and economic value created when managers link their CSR activities to areas that improve firms’ long-term competitive potential by collectively and systematically applying their distinctive strengths to such activities in accordance with the value chain model. Originality/value – The finding in this study is novel and adds an important contribution to the developing CSR literature in the SSA region.
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Alhassan, Tijani. "Problems and prospects of financing innovative development in sub-Saharan African countries." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2019, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2019-4-59-67.
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The article discusses the place and role of the financial system in the development
of national economic systems in developing countries. There have been identified the main func-tions of the financial system: mobilizing financial resources, creating a database of investment projects and investors, monitoring and corporate deposit management, forming a block of information on diversification, transformation and risk management, facilitating the sale of goods through
a payment system. The existing approaches to determining the concept of accessibility of financial resources are considered. The role of the financial sector in advancing technological innovations and industrialization in sub-Saharan African countries has been identified. The analysis of reasons for low financial integration, low access to financial services in the shadow economy has been carried out. The main reasons for the lack of access to banking services include the language barrier, lack of simple identification documents or data due to a poorly organized local infrastructure. It is noted that about 52% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa have access to formal financial services; 65% of small, medium and micro-enterprises (90% of the economic sector in Africa) do not have access to bank loans. Research and development expenditures in the economic regions have been systematized. The conclusions have been made about the underdevelopment and lag of infrastructure in sub-Saharan African countries, low availability of financial resources retarding the economic growth and innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses. Possibilities for improving the systems of financial innovative development in the investigated countries have been given.
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Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Newly independent nations and large engineering projects: the case of the Volta River Project." critical perspectives on international business 14, no. 2/3 (May 8, 2018): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2016-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explicate how newly independent nations combined local and international resources to plan and build large engineering projects aimed at enhancing economic development. It discusses the key factors and issues related to the planning and building of the Akosombo Dam and related townships from 1962 to 1967. Design/methodology/approach The assessment is based on the archival information from the Volta River Authority together with other archival government data and interview transcripts before, during and after the completion (from the 1950s to the 1960s) of the Volta River Project (VRP). Findings The paper presents insights from the VRP in newly independent Ghana and demonstrates how multiple international firms combine with host country stakeholders to usher in one of the most important engineering projects in post-colonial Africa. It also highlights how poor bargaining power and weak integration of the project outcome to future development objectives, with negligence by succeeding political actors, could inhibit the full achievement of intended long-term project outcomes. Research limitations/implications Most of the conclusions are drawn from a single project within one country and would need to be supported by additional multi-country research. The study also presents an opportunity to explore how lessons learnt could influence policymaking in new, large and complex infrastructure projects. Originality/value The paper reviews antecedents, processes and outcomes of a major post-independence infrastructure project in a sub-Saharan African country.
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Baratta, Adolfo F. L., Laura Calcagnini, Abdoulaye Deyoko, Fabrizio Finucci, Antonio Magarò, and Massimo Mariani. "Mitigation of the Water Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Construction of Delocalized Water Collection and Retention Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041673.
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This paper presents the results of a three-year research project aimed at addressing the issue of water shortage and retention/collection in drought-affected rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The project consisted in the design, construction, and the upgrade of existing barrages near Kita, the regional capital of Kayes in Mali. The effort was led by the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University in partnership with the Onlus Gente d’Africa (who handled the on-the-ground logistics), the Department of Architecture of the University of Florence and the École Supérieure d’Ingénierie, d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme of Bamako, Mali. The practical realization of the project was made possible by Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti Ltd., a water utility supplying drinking water in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) that provided the financing as well as the operational contribution of AES Architettura Emergenza Sviluppo, a nonprofit association operating in the depressed areas of the world. The completion of the research project resulted in the replenishment of reservoirs and renewed presence of water in the subsoil of the surrounding areas. Several economic activities such as fishing and rice cultivation have spawned from the availability of water. The monitoring of these results is still ongoing; however, it is already possible to assess some critical issues highlighted, especially with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic in the research areas.
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Gulamussen, Noor Jehan, André Marques Arsénio, Nelson Pedro Matsinhe, and Louis Cornelis Rietveld. "Water reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa – a critical review." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-12-45-2019.
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Abstract. The increasing world population and growth of industrial development lead to growing water scarcity that, combined with deficient sanitation services, represents serious challenges, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Water reclamation is a promising approach to reduce water scarcity, serving as a driving force for better sanitation services and protecting the environment by treating sewage and redistributing for the benefit of other water-dependent applications (e.g., industries). This paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation, with a focus on industrial use, and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Findings show that extensive experience exists in technology and management practices that can allow successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region. Under the conditions of deficient sanitation services and low levels of technical expertise, the main challenge is to develop a framework that can facilitate the integration of social and technological methodologies and help in introducing water reclamation in water allocation planning, including the development of specific legislation for industrial water use and disposal.
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Carr, M. K. V. "Irrigation Issues in Swaziland: Large-scale Projects." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 2 (June 1987): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600201.
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In Africa, Swaziland is atypical in being a small country. Nevertheless, it is agriculturally and climatically diverse and its problems are relevant to other sub Saharan countries. This article reviews large-scale irrigation schemes in the context of such factors as traditional land tenure, soil variation, crop management techniques, and availability of technical support. A later article will discuss problems of small-scale irrigation.
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Atozou, Baoubadi, Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin, and Diombare Niang. "Impact of Weather Index Insurance on Groundnut Farmers’ Technical Efficient in Senegal: A Propensity Score Matching Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 5 (September 29, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p131.
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Irregular and low rainfall levels and drought have become important sources of low agricultural yields and agricultural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Weather index insurance is a financial product for climate risk management aimed at securing farmers' incomes. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of a weather index insurance project piloted with groundnut farmers in Senegal in 2015-2016 agricultural season on farmer’s technical efficiency (TE). A Stochastic Production Frontier model was used to estimate the TE scores. A matched group of beneficiaries and control farmers was determined using propensity score matching techniques to mitigate biases stemming from observed variables. The results showed that average TE is consistently higher for control farmers than the beneficiary group. Age, gender and education were found to be significantly related to technical efficiency, while membership in farmers’ association, credit, improved seeds and extension contact were not significantly related to technical efficiency. From a policy perspective, we suggest that weather index insurance programs targeting smallholder farmers in developing countries, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, be accompanied with education services, provision of new technologies such as high yield seeds and other best farm management practices and credit to help farmers better adapt to weather shocks and secure their production and income.
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Burian, Martin, and Christof Arens. "The clean development mechanism." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2013-0033.
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Purpose – Since the registration of the first clean development mechanism (CDM) project in 2004, the CDM has seen a dynamic expansion: the CDM pipeline currently comprises 6,725 projects generating 2.73 billion certified emission reductions (CERs) up to 2012. These CERs result in a substantial financial flow from Annex I to Non-Annex I countries. But CDM projects also result in investments in low carbon technologies, a substantial share of which is focused on the energy sector. The total installed capacity of all CDM projects amounts to 288,944 MW. However, the CDM is not widely taken up in Africa. This holds true for Africa's share in the CDM project pipeline (2.62 per cent), for Africa's share in CERs generated up to 2012 (3.58 per cent) and for the normalized CERs per capita, per country. Two hypothesizes are commonly discussed: first, the continent features low per capita emissions and low abatement potentials. Second, African countries may be hampered by weak institutional frameworks. This article reviews both hypotheses and presents new empirical data. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Investigating the greenhouse gas (GHS) abatement potential of 16 energy-related sectors for 11 selected least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa shows a total theoretical CDM potential of 128.6 million CERs per year. Analyzing investment indicators confirms that most countries are impeded by below average investment conditions. Findings – It is concluded that Africa offers a considerable range of substantial abatement potentials. However, the weak institutional framework is limiting the uptake of the CDM in Africa. This is underpinned by an analysis which shows if a CDM sector has high investment cost, Africa will have a low share in the sector. If the sector has low investment needs per CER, Africa's share in the CDM sector will be bigger. Investment needs and Africa's share in the pipeline feature a negative correlation. Research limitations/implications – Supporting CDM development in Africa should not be constraint to technical assistance. It will be crucial to develop an integrated financing approach, comprising the CDM as a co-financing mechanism, to overcome the institutional challenges. Originality/value – Until today, there are few empirical studies that use concrete criteria and indicators to show why the CDM is underrepresented in Africa. The work presented here contributes to filling this gap.
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Bopoto, Charles, Robert Geddes, and Michael Pinard. "Framework for Monitoring of Road Agency Performance in Rural Road Asset Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (September 15, 2019): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119854088.
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The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing technical assistance and capacity building initiatives to foster sustainable improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Central to the research methodology is the development of a specification to enable road agencies to assess their performance in asset management as a basis for self-improvement. The specification is based on the development of an objectively determinable “road sector sustainability index” which measures the extent to which six building blocks considered essential for achieving effective road asset preservation are satisfied in practice. Periodic measurements of the condition of the project road networks, coupled with the collection of socioeconomic data, are being used to monitor the trend in road asset value, and to assess the effectiveness of, and improvements in, asset management as well as the impact of road condition on the wellbeing of rural communities. This paper outlines methodologies and tools that have been developed and piloted in four Sub-Saharan African countries to assess and monitor performance in rural road asset management and to achieve improvements over time. It summarizes progress achieved in the first 3 years since the project’s inception. The initial findings of the research indicate that severe institutional, funding, and technical shortcomings exist in the participating countries that preclude sustainable road asset preservation. However, following implementation of the methods summarized here, there is now an increased awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach to road asset management using simple and sustainable methods.
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Venkatachalam, Senthilkumar, Alasdair Marshall, Udechukwu Ojiako, and Chamabondo Sophia Chanshi. "Organisational learning in small and medium sized South African energy project organisations." Management Research Review 43, no. 5 (October 26, 2019): 595–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-02-2019-0068.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore, using fine-grained exploratory multi-case studies, organisational learning practices – and associated constraints – impacting the performance of four small- and medium-sized project organisations which deliver energy efficiency projects in South Africa and whose learning practice mixes are of wider significance for the emerging project society in the region. Design/methodology/approach The unit of analysis is the Energy Efficiency Demand Side Management (EEDSM) programme; a US$104m grant funded the initiative directed at supporting energy efficient retro-fit projects across local municipalities in South Africa. Thematic analysis is undertaken, based on multiple exploratory interviews with project practitioners working for small- and medium-sized EEDSM project organisations. Findings Recognising the criticality of tacit knowledge as a focus for learning, within unstructured, novel, non-routine and technically specialised learning contexts in particular, the widespread lack of organisational harnessing through linkages to strategy and performance are noted, and advocacy is offered for the development of appropriate learning cultures linked to communities of practice that bring specialists together from across regional project societies. Research limitations/implications The socio-political context of the EEDSM programme, although briefly addressed for its organisational cultural implications, was not given detailed consideration in the exploratory interviews. This would have enhanced the idiographic complexity of the findings, while also reducing prospects for distilling generalisable organisational learning improvement opportunities for emerging project societies. However, the study does not seek to provide evidence for specific learning practice effects on performance as this was not something the interviewees felt able to comment on in significant detail. Originality/value Learning practice studies for small- and medium-sized project organisations remains sparse, so are studies of business environments within developing countries, in general, or sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. Looking beyond narrow individual project views of performance, the present study’s project society-based business environment is theorised as both constraining and benefiting from the project-learning practices discussed by the respondents.
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Isabalija, Stephen Robert, Victor Mbarika, and Geoffrey Mayoka Kituyi. "A Framework for Sustainable Implementation of E-Medicine in Transitioning Countries." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/615617.
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Organizations in developed countries such as the United States of America and Canada face difficulties and challenges in technology transfer from one organization to another; the complexity of problems easily compounds when such transfers are attempted from developed to developing countries due to differing socioeconomic and cultural environments. There is a gap in the formation of research and education programs to address technology transfer issues that go beyond just transferring the technologies to sustaining such transfers for longer periods. This study examined telemedicine transfer challenges in three Sub-Sahara African countries and developed a framework for sustainable implementation of e-medicine. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The study findings indicate that e-medicine sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa is affected by institutional factors such as institutional environment and knowledge management practices; technical factors such as the technological environment and technology transfer project environment; social environmental factors such as social environment and donor involvement. These factors were used to model the proposed framework.
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Kauye, Felix. "Management of mental health services in Malawi." International Psychiatry 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005531.
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Malawi is a country in sub-Saharan Africa bordering Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. It has an area of approximately 118000 km2 and is divided into northern, central and southern regions. It has an estimated population of 13 million, 47% of whom are under 15 years of age and just 5% over 60 years. Its economy is largely based on agriculture, with tobacco being the main export. The projected growth in gross domestic product (GDP) for 2007 was 8.8%; GDP per capita was $284 per annum.
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Jiggins, Janice, Dominique Hounkonnou, Owuraku Sakyi-Dawson, Dansou Kossou, Mamoudou Traoré, Niels Röling, and Arnold van Huis. "Innovation platforms and projects to support smallholder development - experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa." Cahiers Agricultures 25, no. 6 (November 2016): 64002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2016051.
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Dharmayat, Kanika I. "Sustainability of ‘mHealth’ interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: a stakeholder analysis of an electronic community case management project in Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 31, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i3.3.
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BackgroundThe global health community and funding agencies are currently engaged in ensuring that worthwhile research-based programmes are sustainable. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the sustainability of global health interventions. In this paper, we aim to explore barriers and facilitators for the wider implementation and sustainability of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention (Supporting LIFE Community Case Management programme) in Malawi, Africa.MethodsBetween January and March 2017, a qualitative approach was used to carry out and analyse 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across all levels of healthcare provision in Malawi to explore their perceptions with regards to the implementation and sustainability of the mHealth programme. Data were analysed thematically by two reviewers. ResultsOverall, our analysis found that the programme was successful in achieving its goals. However, there are many challenges to the wider implementation and sustainability of this programme, including the absence of monetary resources, limited visibility outside the healthcare sector, the lack of integration with community-based and nationwide programmes, services and information and communication technologies, and the limited local capacity in relation to the maintenance, further development, and management.ConclusionsFuture developments should be aligned with the strategic goals and interests of the Ministry of Health and engage with national and international stakeholders to develop shared goals and strategies for nationwide scale-up. These developments should also focus on building local capacity by educating trainers and ensuring that training methods and guidelines are appropriately accredited based on national policies. Our findings provide a framework for a variety of stakeholders who are engaged in sustaining mHealth programmes in resource-poor settings and can be used to develop an evidence-based policy for the utilization of technology for healthcare delivery across developing countries.
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Peden, DG. "Livestock and water in developing countries with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021682.
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Projected increased demand for food in developing countries over the next 30 years implies a correspondingly great need for additional agricultural water unless integrated research and development can achieve much higher water-use efficiencies. Without appropriate innovations in water management, poor access, quality and supply will continue to constrain food production. A global consortium recently completed the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management and Agriculture (CA 2007) and identified many options for overcoming water-related constraints to sustainable food production in developing countries. Historically, research and development of water resources has neglected the potential benefits and impacts of livestock. Apart from drinking water, livestock professionals have not given adequate attention to the use of and impact of domestic animals on water and related environmental health. In the absence of good science, popular literature is often highly critical of livestock production because of its perceived excess depletion of vital water resources. The CA uniquely attempted to address this issue (Peden 2007). This paper summarizes the CA’s findings about livestock for the benefit of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS) and the wider livestock research community.
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Lopez, Melissa S., Ellen S. Baker, Andrea M. Milbourne, Rose M. Gowen, Ana M. Rodriguez, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Catherine Mwaba, et al. "Project ECHO: A Telementoring Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment in Low-Resource Settings." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 5 (October 2017): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.005504.
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Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with the United States and other developed countries. This disparity is caused by decreased access to screening, often coupled with low numbers of trained providers offering cancer prevention and treatment services. However, similar disparities are also found in underserved areas of the United States, such as the Texas-Mexico border, where cervical cancer mortality rates are 30% higher than in the rest of Texas. To address these issues, we have adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program, a low-cost telementoring model previously proven to be successful in increasing local capacity, improving patient management skills, and ultimately improving patient outcomes in rural and underserved areas. We use the Project ECHO model to educate local providers in the management of cervical dysplasia in a low-resource region of Texas and have adapted it to inform strategies for the management of advanced cervical and breast cancer in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. This innovative approach, using ECHO, is part of a larger strategy to enhance clinical skills and develop collaborative projects between academic centers and partners in low-resource regions.
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Reeve, Kimberly, and Dami Kabiawu. "Corporate Social Responsibility as Legitimacy in the Oil and Gas Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 31 (2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc20203110.
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The oil and gas industry is viewed as controversial because of its adverse impacts on the environment. This study draws on legitimacy theory to analyze how CSR factors (including GRI compliance, EITI membership, and internal and external factors of gender diversity on the board and management team, and spending on social projects in the host sub-Saharan countries,) correlate with an increase or decrease in stock prices from 2006 – 2019.
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Zuofa, Tarila, and Edward G. Ochieng. "Working separately but together: appraising virtual project team challenges." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 23, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2017): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-06-2016-0030.
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Purpose This paper aims to extend the extant knowledge on virtual teams by examining the challenges of virtual project teams in organisations in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Totally, 20 interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Validity and reliability were achieved by first assessing the plausibility in terms of already existing knowledge on some of the virtual project team issues identified by participants. Findings The findings from this study confirmed the growing relevance of virtual project teams in highly competitive global business environments. It emerged that some of the challenges identified in the study had some level of congruence with those previously identified from similar studies from other geographical locations. The findings also suggested that challenges in virtual project teams can be linked to the organisation, the project team and the virtual environment or even a combination of all. Practical implications The present study corroborates the position that managing virtual project teams requires additional efforts to attain their objectives through effective communications and the adoption of appropriate technology. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its exploration of virtual project team challenges in a sub-Saharan Africa country (Nigeria). By identifying the challenges associated with virtual project teams, stakeholders will be better able to successfully establish and manage virtual project teams better.
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Hockenberry, Marilyn, Tadala Mulemba, Aisha Nedege, Kitsiso Madumetse, and Jennifer Higgins. "Improving Care for Children With Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Distance-Based Nursing Education." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (July 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.26000.
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PURPOSE Nursing specialization in the care of children with cancer provides the foundation for implementing successful pediatric oncology treatment programs throughout the world. Whereas the burden of childhood cancer care is highest in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), opportunities for continuing nursing specialization are extremely limited. The Global HOPE Initiative, part of Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, TX, has developed and implemented a distance-based training program for nurses working in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS After a needs assessment, the program was developed using the Internet-based, open-sourced education platform, MOODLE. MOODLE is an acronym for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment, an online learning management system that provides custom learning environments. As Internet access can be difficult at the clinical sites, computer tablets are provided with all educational materials downloaded from the MOODLE learning site. Courses are taught using a modular approach and core competencies established for each module. Zoom and WhatsApp technologies are used for shared learning discussions. A Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) for Global HOPE Nursing was implemented monthly to support the growth of the distance-based learning network. RESULTS This distance-based education program teaches the principles of nursing care for a child with cancer and has been implemented in Malawi, Uganda, and Botswana, where 35 nurses are now enrolled. Formal course evaluation includes written pre- and post-tests and simulated checkoffs on essential pediatric oncology nursing competencies, such as chemotherapy administration. Sixteen nurses have completed the program in the first year and significant improvement in knowledge, self-competency, and skills was found. CONCLUSION The success of this distance-based learning program emphasizes the importance of formal training for nurses in LMICs to become full-time specialists in pediatric oncology nursing. Education programs that build capacity to develop specialists in pediatric oncology nursing are essential to improve global cure rates for children with cancer in LMICs.
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Mapunda, Bertram. "Get off my land! Towards mutual understanding in archaeological field conflicts." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 3 (January 6, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v3i0.30.
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Genuine community participation in research and conservation projects is crucial for sustainable protection, management and development of archaeological sites, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the scientific value of such resources is less appreciated. Local people often become suspicious of and discontented with field researchers who do not inform them of what they are doing around their courtyard, just as they are displeased with government officials who impose conservation projects upon them. Their discontent often comes for good reasons: either the given research or project is not a priority to them or its objectives differ from theirs. As a result, a conflict of expectations emerges, often leading local communities into disliking the project and hence investing little or just superficial commitment to it. Such feelings may be expressed verbally in formal or informal gatherings or through indifference, resentment, or vandalism, all of which are detrimental to the proper management of the heritage resource in question. Using specific cases of researchers/administrators-villagers differences and conflicts of expectations experienced in various places in Tanzania, the paper discusses causes of such differences, critically examines the Community Participatory technique exposing its strengths and weaknesses, as well as suggests solutions and outlining potential benefits should villagers be genuinely incorporated in such undertakings.
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Tricarico, Luca, Andrea Galimberti, Ausilia Campanaro, Chiara Magoni, and Massimo Labra. "Experimenting with RRI tools to Drive Sustainable Agri-Food Research: The SASS Case Study from Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030827.
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The need to develop experimental tools for a responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework is relevant for managing research agendas and policy making that seriously take into account the complex conditions of innovation development (linked to multidisciplinarity and interaction processes) between the researchers and their fieldwork activities. The adoption of an RRI framework is even more important for multidisciplinary and complex issues, such as the agri-food system. In this context, the SASS (Sustainable Agri-food Systems for Sustainable Development (SASS) project represents a good example for verifying the application of the RRI strategy in a varied research group committed to the development of sustainable agri-food systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. The project, which involves more than 50 researchers from different fields of knowledge and theoretical backgrounds, showed the importance of the processes of reflection, re-driving, and convergence in the definition of research objectives and strategies. This process started by experimenting with new dedicated RRI tools in order to allow interactions between the researchers, including exchanging their experience in data collection and theoretical reflection development. With respect to this analysis, it was interesting to analyze how the RRI tools and strategies have been activated between researchers and different stakeholders, generating reflections capable of re-adapting the results towards shared and accessible innovation for the extended society. Following the discussion based on the description of the SASS-RRI agenda tools and following an internal verification given from an RRI-based web survey, this contribution provides new insights, in terms of tools and strategies, to promote and refine RRI approaches. This work underlines how RRI methods have promoted internal and external interactions to connect the research objectives towards a model of open innovation.
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Shallon, Atuhaire, Oladosu A. Ojengbede, John Francis Mugisha, and Akin-Tunde A. Odukogbe. "Social Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Obstetric Fistula Patients Before and After Repair in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21714.
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Aims: Social reintegration and rehabilitation of obstetric fistula patients before and after repair enhance their overall status, which may be unattainable even with a successful repair. Nonetheless, there is little traceable documentation about it even with supportive programs and projects, the thrust of this study.
Methods: This is a systematic review involving a search of relevant literature from PubMed, Google scholar, PsychINFO, African Journals Online, Australian Journals Online, and open access journals of international organizations such as WHO, UNFPA, USAID, Engender Health, Fistula Foundation and Fistula Care Plus published between 1978 to date. Of the 46 articles identified, 25 were suitable for achievement of this study’s purpose.
Results:Sub-Saharan African countries have recognized the overall burden of obstetric fistula and have devised strategies for its holistic management. Most countries have National Obstetric Fistula Strategic Frameworks which emphasize multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches other than medical paradigms. Social reintegration and rehabilitation have been done through the identification of individual patient’s need/s. Projects and programs aiming to combat obstetric fistula and restore patients’ self-worth and dignity are: Lamaneh Suisse, and Delta Survie in Mali, Dimol in Niger, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Burundi, FORWARD in Nigeria and Sierra Leone, Handicap International in Benin Republic, Women For Africa in Ghana and Liberia, TERREWODE and CoRSU both in Uganda, Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia in Ethiopia, and others which cut across the region.
Conclusions: Effective social reintegration and rehabilitation strategies are still inadequate in Sub-Saharan Africa due to lack of political commitment and inadequate outreach programs.
Keywords: obstetric fistula, recto-vaginal fistula, rehabilitation, social reintegration, vesico-vaginal fistula.
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Clark, Samuel J. "An introduction to the General Temporal Data Model and the Structured Population Event History Register (SPEHR)." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 69_suppl (August 2007): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701355452.
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There are some 37 demographic surveillance system sites active in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Central America. These sites, and other longitudinal population and health research projects, generate data over time in order to describe and explain the event histories of individuals and the populations they constitute. This note addresses key data management challenges presented by such complex temporal data-gathering efforts. Ideas supporting a standard definition for temporal population data, and a standard design for temporal databases to improve management of longitudinal population data, are presented and briefly discussed.
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Mboowa, Gerald, Savannah Mwesigwa, Eric Katagirya, Gaone Retshabile, Busisiwe C. Mlotshwa, Lesedi Williams, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, et al. "The Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN): Applying Genomic technologies to probe host factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa." AAS Open Research 1 (April 18, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12832.1.
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Background: The Human Heredity and Health in Africa consortium (H3Africa) was conceived to facilitate the application of genomics technologies to improve health across Africa. Here, we describe how the Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN) of the H3Africa consortium is using genomics to probe host genetic factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: CAfGEN is an H3Africa collaborative centre comprising expertise from the University of Botswana; Makerere University; Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Clinical Centers of Excellence (COEs) in Botswana, Uganda, and Swaziland; as well as Baylor College of Medicine, Texas. The COEs provide clinical expertise for community engagement, participant recruitment and sample collection while the three University settings facilitate processing and management of genomic samples and provide infrastructure and training opportunities to sustain genomics research. Results: The project has focused on utilizing whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic variants contributing to extreme HIV disease progression phenotypes in children, as well as RNA sequencing and integrated genomics to identify host genetic factors associated with TB disease progression among HIV-positive children. These cohorts, developed using the COEs’ electronic medical records, are exceptionally well-phenotyped and present an unprecedented opportunity to assess genetic factors in individuals whose HIV was acquired by a different route than their adult counterparts in the context of a unique clinical course and disease pathophysiology. Conclusions: Our approach offers the prospect of developing a critical mass of well-trained, highly-skilled, continent-based African genomic scientists. To ensure long term genomics research sustainability in Africa, CAfGEN contributes to a wide range of genomics capacity and infrastructure development on the continent, has laid a foundation for genomics graduate programs at its institutions, and continues to actively promote genomics research through innovative forms of community engagement brokered by partnerships with governments and academia to support genomics policy formulation.
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Mboowa, Gerald, Savannah Mwesigwa, Eric Katagirya, Gaone Retshabile, Busisiwe C. Mlotshwa, Lesedi Williams, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, et al. "The Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN): Applying Genomic technologies to probe host factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa." AAS Open Research 1 (June 21, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12832.2.
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Background: Here, we describe how the Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN) of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium is using genomics to probe host genetic factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa. The H3Africa was conceived to facilitate the application of genomics technologies to improve health across Africa.. Methods: CAfGEN is an H3Africa collaborative centre comprising expertise from the University of Botswana; Makerere University; Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Clinical Centers of Excellence (COEs) in Botswana, Uganda, and Swaziland; as well as Baylor College of Medicine, Texas. The COEs provide clinical expertise for community engagement, participant recruitment and sample collection while the three University settings facilitate processing and management of genomic samples and provide infrastructure and training opportunities to sustain genomics research. Results: The project has focused on utilizing whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic variants contributing to extreme HIV disease progression phenotypes in children, as well as RNA sequencing and integrated genomics to identify host genetic factors associated with TB disease progression among HIV-positive children. These cohorts, developed using the COEs’ electronic medical records, are exceptionally well-phenotyped and present an unprecedented opportunity to assess genetic factors in individuals whose HIV was acquired by a different route than their adult counterparts in the context of a unique clinical course and disease pathophysiology. Conclusions: Our approach offers the prospect of developing a critical mass of well-trained, highly-skilled, continent-based African genomic scientists. To ensure long term genomics research sustainability in Africa, CAfGEN contributes to a wide range of genomics capacity and infrastructure development on the continent, has laid a foundation for genomics graduate programs at its institutions, and continues to actively promote genomics research through innovative forms of community engagement brokered by partnerships with governments and academia to support genomics policy formulation.
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Neba, Ndenecho Emmanuel. "Population dynamics, rural livelihoods and forest protection projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: experiences from Santa, Cameroon." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 14, no. 3 (June 2007): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469725.
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Aribigbola, Afolabi. "The challenge of Millennium City Project in sub-Saharan Africa: the example of Akure millennium city in Ondo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (2011): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2011.037691.
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Ambole, Amollo, Kweku Koranteng, Peris Njoroge, and Douglas Logedi Luhangala. "A Review of Energy Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Transition Pathway to Energy Democracy." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042128.
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Energy communities have received considerable attention in the Global North, especially in Europe, due to their potential for achieving sustainable energy transitions. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), energy communities have received less attention partly due to the nascent energy systems in many emerging SSA states. In this paper, we argue that these nascent energy systems offer an opportunity to co-create energy communities that can tackle the energy access challenges faced by most SSA countries. To understand how such energy communities are realised in the sub-region, we undertake a systematic review of research on energy communities in 46 SSA countries. Our findings show that only a few energy projects exhibit the conventional characteristics of energy communities; In most of these projects, local communities are inadequately resourced to institute and manage their own projects. We thus look to stakeholder engagement approaches to propose co-design as a strategy for strengthening energy communities in SSA. We further embed our co-design proposal in energy democracy thinking to argue that energy communities can be a pathway towards equity and energy justice in SSA. We conclude that energy communities can indeed contribute to improving energy access in Africa, but they need an enabling policy environment to foster their growth and sustainability.
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Ikejemba, Eugene C. X., Peter B. Mpuan, Peter C. Schuur, and Jos Van Hillegersberg. "The empirical reality & sustainable management failures of renewable energy projects in Sub-Saharan Africa (part 1 of 2)." Renewable Energy 102 (March 2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.10.037.
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Eberhard, Anton, and Raine Naude. "The South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme: A Review and Lessons Learned." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i4a1483.
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The South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) is a competitive tender process that was launched to facilitate private sector investment into grid-connected renewable energy (RE) generation. It has been an undisputed success in terms of capacity, investment and price outcomes. Since 2011 a total of 6,328 Megawatts of wind, solar PV and other RE generation capacity has been procured, amounting to USD 20.5 billion in investment. Bid tariffs have fallen sharply over the course of the programme and the most recently awarded projects are amongst the lowest priced grid-connected RE projects in the world. Considering South Africa's success in achieving more investment via Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in 4 years than in the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa over the past 25, the REIPPPP's design and management is likely to be of interest to policymakers in African (and other developing) countries. This paper thus provides a comprehensive review of the programme’s tender documentation, implementation, and outcomes to date. Together with supporting research, this analysis has been used to develop a set of high-level lessons intended to facilitate the roll out of similar RE IPP competitive tender programmes in other emerging markets.
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Buerkert, A., H. P. Piepho, and A. Bationo. "MULTI-SITE TIME-TREND ANALYSIS OF SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON CROP PRODUCTION IN SUB-SAHARAN WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 2 (March 28, 2002): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000236.
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Soil fertility constraints to crop production have been recognized widely as a major obstacle to food security and agro-ecosystem sustainability in sub-Saharan West Africa. As such, they have led to a multitude of research projects and policy debates on how best they should be overcome. Conclusions, based on long-term multi-site experiments, are lacking with respect to a regional assessment of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer effects, surface mulched crop residues, and legume rotations on total dry matter of cereals in this region. A mixed model time-trend analysis was used to investigate the effects of four nitrogen and phosphorus rates, annually applied crop residue dry matter at 500 and 2000 kg ha−1, and cereal-legume rotation versus continuous cereal cropping on the total dry matter of cereals and legumes. The multi-factorial experiment was conducted over four years at eight locations, with annual rainfall ranging from 510 to 1300 mm, in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Togo. With the exception of phosphorus, treatment effects on legume growth were marginal. At most locations, except for typical Sudanian sites with very low base saturation and high rainfall, phosphorus effects on cereal total dry matter were much lower with rock phosphate than with soluble phosphorus, unless the rock phosphate was combined with an annual seed-placement of 4 kg ha−1 phosphorus. Across all other treatments, nitrogen effects were negligible at 500 mm annual rainfall but at 900 mm, the highest nitrogen rate led to total dry matter increases of up to 77% and, at 1300 mm, to 183%. Mulch-induced increases in cereal total dry matter were larger with lower base saturation, reaching 45% on typical acid sandy Sahelian soils. Legume rotation effects tended to increase over time but were strongly species-dependent.
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Sospeter, Nyamagere Gladys, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Risk Handling Responsibilities in Tanzanian Project-Based Organisations." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148078.
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Risk handling is one of the elements and essential parts of risk management when properly incorporated into a project. However, there is inadequate knowledge amongst the contractual parties on risk handling responsibilities in road projects, particularly in Sub-Saharan African developing countries. This study is aimed at bridging that knowledge gap by investigating the perceptions of contractors and consultants on the risk handling responsibilities in road projects in Tanzania. The primary data were collected from 80 registered foreign and local civil contractors and engineering consultants based in Dar es Salaam. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The results show that both contractors and consultants ranked safety project provision and ensuring quality provision in terms of construction as shared risk responsibilities among contractual parties. The findings further show that consultant-related risk responsibilities are: safety provision, the use of historical cost deviation, ensuring quality provision, and review of knowledge on budgeting. On the other hand, contractor-related risk responsibilities include: safety provision and ensuring quality provision. The findings of this study can be used by the practitioners and stakeholders as important lessons useful for controlling risks and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects during the construction stage.
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Hermanus, Lauren, and Sean Andrew. "Community-Centred Infrastructure Design Process for Resilience Building in South African Informal Settlements: The “Genius of Space” Solid Waste and Greywater Infrastructure Project." Case Studies in the Environment 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000729.
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Due to a lack of adequate water and sanitation infrastructure, growing, unplanned urban settlements in South Africa and elsewhere have been linked to pollution of critical river systems. The same dynamics undermine local resilience, understood as the capacity to adapt and develop in response to changes, persistent social and ecological risks, and disasters. Water and sanitation challenges undermine resilience by causing and compounding risks to individuals, and to household and community health and livelihoods, in a complex context in which communities and local governments have limited capacity and resources to respond appropriately. Household and community resilience in informal settlements is drawing increasing policy focus, given the persistence of these kinds of neighbourhoods in cities and towns in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa, in particular. This case considers whether bottom-up responses that combine public and private sector resources, including community participation, and use an interdisciplinary approach can support the production of novel resilience-fostering solutions. This article presents an analysis of the case of Genius of Space waste and wastewater management infrastructure in the Western Cape, South Africa. While the process has been imperfect and slow to show results, this analysis reflects on the gains, lessons and potential for replication that this work has produced. The Genius of Space approach adds to a growing area of practice-based experimentation focussed on incrementalism and adaptive development practices in urban environments, particularly in developing countries.
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Ikejemba, Eugene C. X., Peter C. Schuur, Jos Van Hillegersberg, and Peter B. Mpuan. "Failures & generic recommendations towards the sustainable management of renewable energy projects in Sub-Saharan Africa (Part 2 of 2)." Renewable Energy 113 (December 2017): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.06.002.
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