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Journal articles on the topic 'Projective tests'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 February 2025

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1

CAI, Wei, Yong-Long TANG, Song WU, and Zhen-Zhen CHEN. "The Tree in the Projective Tests." Advances in Psychological Science 20, no. 5 (May 25, 2013): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2012.00782.

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2

French, Laurence A. "Adapting Projective Tests for Minority Children." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (February 1993): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.15.

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Child abuse reporting laws have placed new demands upon law enforcement, human service agencies, and clinicians alike. For the clinician, these demands are compounded when minority children are involved. Few of the standardized measures seem to fit all cultural groups. In our situation the cultural mix involves Hispanic, Mexican, and American Indian children. We found a combination of two projectives, the Draw-A-Person/Draw-A-Family and the Thematic Apperception Test, to fit our multicultural needs. Specifically, we use the D-A-P drawings of the child and his/her family as “plates” and then apply the TAT “tell me a story about this picture” technique.

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3

Retief, Alexis I. "Thematic Apperception Testing across Cultures: Tests of Selection versus Tests of Inclusion." South African Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (June 1987): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638701700203.

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A review of international and local research on projective personality testing across cultures is given. It is concluded that thematic apperception tests have been used more frequently, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Features common to the adaptations of various projective techniques for cross-cultural use are pointed out, and discussed in terms of a distinction between the more traditional ‘tests of inclusion’ and the more recent ‘tests of selection’ that are useful in cross-cultural testing contexts. The conclusion is drawn that this reconceptualization elucidates a centrally important aspect of testing across cultures, namely, the transmission of meanings.

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4

Hurvich, Marvin, Paul Benveniste, Jill Howard, and Sheila Coonerty. "Assessment of Annihilation Anxiety from Projective Tests." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 2 (October 1993): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.2.387.

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This report details procedures to measure annihilation anxiety, a concept derived from Freud's 1926 formulation of traumatic anxiety. A 25-item pencil-and-paper inventory administered to patient and to nonpatient samples is described, along with a brief summary of earlier findings. The delineation of nine interrelated experiential components of annihilation anxiety provides the background for the construction of Rorschach and TAT measures of the concept. Findings comparing the pencil-and-paper inventory and the projective test measures are presented as well as examples of responses judged to reflect annihilation anxiety from Rorschach and TAT protocols.

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Wagner, Edwin E. "A Logical Analysis of Projective Techniques Based on Independence of Items and Latitude of Response." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (December 1995): 868–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.868.

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Projective personality tests can be differentiated from objective personality tests on purely logical and technical grounds. Objective personality tests are derived from and are therefore dependent upon a discrete set of items with an a priori rationale, while projective techniques are superordinate to item construction and any scoring is imposed a posteriori. Further, projective techniques provide more response latitude, although this characteristic lies on a continuum.

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6

Masling, Joseph M. "On the Nature and Utility of Projective Tests and Objective Tests." Journal of Personality Assessment 69, no. 2 (October 1997): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6902_1.

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7

Piotrowski, Chris, John W. Keller, and Toshiki Ogawa. "Projective Techniques: An International Perspective." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (February 1993): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.179.

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This is a review of findings from four recent surveys on use of clinical tests in the United States, The Netherlands, Japan, and Hong Kong. The preliminary analysis indicates that projective techniques are popular in the assessment of personality worldwide. Obviously, projective tests are ‘universal’ in that unstructured stimuli serve as the basis for assessment and do not pose a language barrier. Also, reliance on projective methods may reflect problems in access to adequately translated and standardized objective tests. More data are needed from developed countries before firm conclusions on the international status of projective techniques can be affirmed.

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8

최진숙 and Keun mae Lee. "Research Trend of Projective Drawing Tests in Korea." Korean Journal of Art Therapy 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35594/kata.2014.21.1.001.

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9

Komatsu, Shogo, Koichiro Aoki, and Chieko Kato. "Clarification of Relationship Between Projective Tests and Questionnaires." Information Engineering Express 6, no. 1 (2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52731/iee.v6.i1.524.

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10

So, Hyeon Gyeong, and Se Young Kim. "Research Trend of Projective Drawing Tests in Korea." Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.33770/jebd.38.3.13.

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11

Schweighofer, A., and E. M. Coles. "Note on the Definition and Ethics of Projective Tests." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.51.

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It is suggested that the definition of projective tests as assessment procedures which use ambiguous figures does not differentiate them from other procedures; and, to the extent that such a definition does differentiate, it describes a procedure that is inconsistent with current standards of ethical practice. An alternative definition, emphasizing the wide number of scorable responses elicited, is more ethical and serves to establish the relation of responses to projective test structure to psychometric tests through the more scientific bandwidth-fidelity issue of psychological assessment.

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12

Jeammet, Nicole. "Processus de pensée et fonctionnement limite." Psychologie clinique et projective 2, no. 2 (1996): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clini.1996.1075.

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Nicole Jeammet, Thought process and borderline functioning. In borderline functioning, the difficulty and in some sectors even the impossibility of elaborating and integrating drives because of narcississtic shortcomings which are impossible to fullfil, specifically undermines the thought process. Through the use of achievement tests and projective tests, a clinical case serves here as an illustration. Key-words : Borderline functioning, Achievement tests, Projective tests, Thought and drive, Thought and narcissism.

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13

Krall, Vita, Nathan M. Szajnberg, Jeffrey S. Hyams, William P. Treem, and Patricia Davis. "Projective Personality Tests of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1341.

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15 children with inflammatory bowel disease were given projective tests after initial diagnosis. Analysis of responses suggested affective constriction, abandonment anxiety, and depression. The children were of good intelligence with good object relationships and psychosexual differentiation for their ages. Severe psychopathology and bizarre slippage were absent.

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14

Maharani, Fika Nadia Tirta, Aldani Putri Wijayanti, Yohanis Frans La Kahija, Kartika Sari Dewi, and Annastasia Ediati. "Assessing Attachment Using Projective Tests: A Scoping Review on Adolescent and Adult Studies." Proceedings of International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPsyche) 4 (October 20, 2023): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58959/icpsyche.v4i1.35.

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Background: Projective assessment has been widely used in clinical settings to reveal personal characteristics, including relationship attachment. However, more often attachment was observed in children, rather than older groups. Study aims: The present study aims to conduct scoping review on projective test that had been used to assess a parent-child attachment reported by adolescents and adults. Method: We search original articles in ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Proquest and Emerald Insight. Initial search resulted 2447 articles, but after selection process was done, finally there are 11 articles to be reviewed. Results: Three projective tests had been used frequently to assess attachment on adolescents and adults were: 1) the Adult Attachment Picture System (AAP); (2) the Bird’s Nest Drawings (BND); and (3) the Draw-a-person test (DAP). These tools were predominantly developed in US and European cuntries. Similar tools validated in Asian countries is very imited. Conclusion: Future studies, particularly outside US and Eurpean countries, need to validate these measures prior to the study.

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Kovaleva, Natalya. "The use of projective tests for identifying and correcting aggressive behavior of adolescents in the conditions of an orphanage." Man and Education, no. 2 (63) (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54884/s181570410020781-4.

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The article presents the data provided by the research of adolescents’ aggressive behavior with the help of projective psychological tests. Indicators of various personal characteristics in the manifestation of destructive tendencies are observed. Psychodiagnostics possibilities of Lusher M., Szondi L. and «Hand-test» projective tests joint application are revealed. Areas of relevant social-pedagogical impact on adolescents with the purpose of psycho-pedagogical correction of their aggressive behavior are identified.

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Di Nuovo, Santo. "Metodi di valutazione dell'abuso sessuale sui minori: č ammissibile, ed č utile, il testing psicometrico?" MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 2 (June 2009): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-002004.

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- The article focuses the strongly criticized use of psychometric tests in the evaluation of children sexual abuse. The use of inventories and projective techniques as Rorschach, thematic and design-based tests, is useful to assess the psychic consequences after the abuse and to plan a therapeutic intervention. But the reliability and the discriminant validity of the indicators derived from the tests are reduced when the aim of the assessment is to search for signs of an hypothesized abuse. Results of empirical studies regarding these issues are reported, suggesting that a proper use of psychometric tests in juridical settings requests interpretive caution.Key words: sexual abuse, assessment, psychometric tests, projective techniques.Parole chiave: abuso sessuale, assessment, test psicometrici, tecniche proiettive.

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17

Seitz, Jay A. "A Cognitive-Perceptual Analysis of Projective Tests Used with Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 93, no. 2 (October 2001): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.505.

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18

SEITZ, JAY A. "A COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF PROJECTIVE TESTS USED WITH CHILDREN." Perceptual and Motor Skills 93, no. 6 (2001): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.93.6.505-522.

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19

KLEIN, RACHEL GITTELMAN. "Questioning the Clinical Usefulness of Projective Psychological Tests for Children." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 7, no. 6 (December 1986): 378???382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-198612000-00010.

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20

Jambrik, Máté, Sára Posta, Ildikó Erni, Laura Csenki, Melinda Cserép, Ildikó Ábrahám, and Bea Pászthy. "A lélek képalkotói és laborvizsgálatai. A projektív tesztek és a kérdőívek integrált alkalmazása a gyermek és serdülő pszichodiagnosztikában." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 77, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0016.2022.00006.

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A jelen tanulmány célja, hogy a gyermek és a serdülő pszichodiagnosztikában használt kérdőíves és projektív eszközök eredményeinek diszkrepanciáját megvitassa. Stephen Finn véleménye szerint mind a két tesztelési forma megbízható, azonban más működési elven alapulnak. Előfordulhat, hogy a két tesztelési forma látszólagosan más eredményt mutat, azonban a diszkrepancia megértése értékes információt adhat a vizsgálni kívánt személyről. Cikkünkben kitérünk arra, hogy a különböző tesztelési eljárások (kérdőívek, projektív tesztek) hogyan működnek, illetve arra is, hogy milyen szerepük lehet a pszichodiagnosztikai folyamatban. Az egyén viselkedésének megértése szempontjából a kérdőívek a laboratóriumi tesztekkel, a projektív tesztek pedig az agyi képalkotó eljárásokkal hozhatók párhuzamba az orvosi diagnosztikában. A projektív eljárások ingeranyagtól függően más módon készítenek „felvételeket” a lélekről, mint ahogy a CT, a PET és az MR a képalkotó diagnosztikában az agyról. A kérdőívek és a projektív eszközök integrált alkalmazása gyakran pontosabb diagnózisalkotást és kezelési terv felállítását tesz lehetővé.The current study aims to discuss the distinction between the results of various tools used in child and adolescent psychodiagnostic, namely between questionnaires and projective measures. According to Stephen Finn, both methods are reliable but operate based on different principles. It may seem that the two methods of testing present different responses, but understanding discrepancies can provide valuable information about the subject. In our article, we discuss how these various testing methods (questionnaires, projective tests) work, and how they may play a role in the psychodiagnostic process. In our study, we consider for understanding human behaviour, non-projective tests being compared to laboratory tests and projective measures being compared to brain imaging techniques. Projective procedure stimuli elicit different features of the subject’s personality, analogous to imaging diagnostics of medical science (CT, PET and MR). The discrepancy between questionnaires and projective methods can have important indications for both diagnosis and therapy.

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21

Volčič, Jurij. "Constant-sized self-tests for maximally entangled states and single projective measurements." Quantum 8 (March 21, 2024): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-03-21-1292.

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Self-testing is a powerful certification of quantum systems relying on measured, classical statistics. This paper considers self-testing in bipartite Bell scenarios with small number of inputs and outputs, but with quantum states and measurements of arbitrarily large dimension. The contributions are twofold. Firstly, it is shown that every maximally entangled state can be self-tested with four binary measurements per party. This result extends the earlier work of Mančinska-Prakash-Schafhauser (2021), which applies to maximally entangled states of odd dimensions only. Secondly, it is shown that every single binary projective measurement can be self-tested with five binary measurements per party. A similar statement holds for self-testing of projective measurements with more than two outputs. These results are enabled by the representation theory of quadruples of projections that add to a scalar multiple of the identity. Structure of irreducible representations, analysis of their spectral features and post-hoc self-testing are the primary methods for constructing the new self-tests with small number of inputs and outputs.

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22

Wagner, Edwin E. "Defining Projective Techniques: Finding Common Ground for Discourse." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3 (June 2003): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3.951.

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In 2000 Lilienfeld, Wood, and Garb defined projective tests in a traditional yet loose manner. When a more precise and exclusive definition is furnished, two classes of responses indicative of deviancy can be logically derived. It is suggested that a focused review of the literature yields consistent relations between psychopathology and two response types, falsifications and misrepresentations. This provides common ground for recognizing a circumscribed core of valid predictors across projective techniques.

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23

Lee Seon-hye and 유경미. "Research Trend of Projective Drawing Tests in Korea by Using Domestic Journals." Korean Journal of Art Therapy 24, no. 6 (December 2017): 1509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35594/kata.2017.24.6.007.

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24

Pyle, Marsha A., T. Roma Jasinevicius, and Robert Sheehan. "Dental student perceptions of the elderly: Measuring negative perceptions with projective tests." Special Care in Dentistry 19, no. 1 (January 1999): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01367.x.

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25

Bornstein, Robert F. "Sex Differences in Objective and Projective Dependency Tests: A Meta-Analytic Review." Assessment 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191195002004003.

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26

Wanamaker, Catherine E., and Marvin Reznikoff. "Effects of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Rock Songs on Projective and Structured Tests." Journal of Psychology 123, no. 6 (November 1989): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1989.10543011.

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27

Sartori, Riccardo. "Face validity in personality tests: psychometric instruments and projective techniques in comparison." Quality & Quantity 44, no. 4 (October 17, 2009): 749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-009-9224-0.

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28

Auerbach, John S. "Psychoanalysis and Projective Testing: A Review of The Interpretation of Psychological Tests." Journal of Personality Assessment 72, no. 1 (February 1999): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7201_10.

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29

Silverstein, Marshall L. "Clinical Identification of Compensatory Structures on Projective Tests: A Self Psychological Approach." Journal of Personality Assessment 76, no. 3 (June 2001): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7603_11.

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30

Patrangenaru, Vic, Mingfei Qiu, and Marius Buibas. "Two Sample Tests for Mean 3D Projective Shapes from Digital Camera Images." Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability 16, no. 2 (August 14, 2013): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11009-013-9363-6.

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31

Kumar, Devvarta, S. Haque Nizamie, Priyadarshee Abhishek, and Lavanya Tumkur Prasanna. "Identification of suicidal ideations with the help of projective tests: A review." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 12 (December 2014): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2014.07.004.

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32

Dabrowska, B., V. V. Kulikov, M. A. Martemianov, M. A. Matsyuk, and I. A. Tyapkin. "MC simulation results for projective geometry version of MPD ECAL at NICA collider." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920407015.

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The report describes the Monte-Carlo simulation software developed for the projective geometry version of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the MPD detector. The results of software tests and some characteristics of the calorimeter are presented.

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33

DÖNMEZ, Ahmet. "Evaluation of Night Eating Syndrome within the Context of Object Relations through Projective Tests." Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2022): 681–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1070000.

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According to psychoanalytic theory, the quality of early object relations is of great importance in the construction of the psyche. The dominant psychoanalytic view is that childhood frustrations, emotional neglect and problems related to the separation-individuation process are effective in the development of eating disorders. Psychoanalytic theories have always stressed out the relationship between eating, dreaming and the psychic processes. From this point of view, the present article aimed to examine the effects of problematic early object relations on eating disorders. Based upon the theories of Winnicott and Bion, the main focus of this study was to investigate night eating syndrome accompanied by sleep problems. In this context, the psychic processes of an obese female client with night eating syndrome were examined through two projective tests. After the psychoanalytically informed clinical interviews, the Rorschach and Thematic Perception Test were applied, respectively. Information obtained through semi-structured clinical interviews and application of projective tests were evaluated by adhering to the content analysis method of the French School. In addition, the relationship between the client's psychic processes and the inability to dream was interpreted on the basis of psychoanalytic theory.

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Wood, Dustin, Peter Harms, and Simine Vazire. "Perceiver effects as projective tests: What your perceptions of others say about you." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99, no. 1 (2010): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019390.

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35

Wiederman, Michael W. "A Classroom Demonstration of Potential Biases in the Subjective Interpretation of Projective Tests." Teaching of Psychology 26, no. 1 (January 1999): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2601_7.

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36

Costantino, Giuseppe, Rosemary Flanagan, and Robert Malgady. "The History of the Rorschach: Overcoming Bias in Multicultural Projective Assessment." Rorschachiana 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.20.1.148.

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Cet article présente une revue de la recherche sur l’évaluation multiculturelle. Cette recherche est organisée en termes de définitions des biais en accord avec la littérature psychométrique: validité, différences de moyennes, invariance des facteurs, validité prédictive, et équivalence de mesures. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons l’histoire du test des taches d’encre de Rorschach en insistant sur le Système Intégré. Enfin, nous discutons de la façon dont le Rorschach, et tout particulièrement le Système Intégré, a tenté de dépasser les biais de l’évaluation projective. Est-il approprié d’utiliser des tests psychologiques développés pour les groupes culturels majeurs aux Etats-Unis? C’est une question dont on débat depuis plusieurs décennies. La littérature psychométrique portant sur les biais des tests indique que les tests psychologiques traditionnels doivent être remis en question dans leur utilisation avec des groupes ethniques, raciaux, linguistiques, et culturels diversifiés. Bien qu’il y ait sur ce sujet des arguments dialectiques, on trouve un consensus empirique pour affirmer que des facteurs culturels influencent les résultats des tests standards; il est donc nécessaire de développer des tests psychologiques qui soient culturellement sensibles. Les taches d’encre du Rorschach per se semblent posséder une bonne validité transculturelle. Toutefois, la cotation et l’interprétation du Rorschach s’est développée dans cinq systèmes différents (ceux de Beck, Hertz, Klopfer, Piotrowski et Rapaport). Ces systèmes ont engendré et développé des biais dans l’évaluation projective. Depuis 25 ans, Exner et ses associés ont mené un grand nombre de recherches visant à intégrer les éléments les plus défendables psychométriquement et solides empiriquement des cinq systèmes, pour produire le Système Intégré. Ce travail a été fondé sur des investigations rigoureuses, et a été continuellement révisé et développé jusqu’aujourd’hui. C’est pourquoi le Système Intégré présente une fidélité et une validité satisfaisantes pour l’administration, la cotation, la comparaison normative, et l’interprétation. Ce système a vaincu un certain nombre de biais de l’évaluation projective, et a largement contribué à son maintien dans la pratique psychologique. Néanmoins, le Système Intégré présente quelques problèmes dans le domaine de l’évaluation projective multiculturelle. Par exemple, ses normes, qui sont considérées comme valides pour les groupes majeurs non-minoritaires des Etats-Unis, peuvent présenter des problèmes s’ils sont généralisés à des groupes culturels non-majeurs aux Etats-Unis, et à des individus dans d’autres pays. Ces problèmes peuvent être résolus en développant des normes spécifiques à des cultures pour de larges groupes culturels non-majeurs, tels que hispanique et afro-américain et pour les groupes d’Europe du Sud et d’Amérique du Sud.

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ONO, Mizuki, and Shino IWASHITA. "Development of Personality and Psychological Tendency Estimation System Based on the Projective Psychological Tests." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 36, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.36.1_538.

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Labott, Susan M., and Heather R. Wallach. "Malingering Dissociative Identity Disorder: Objective and Projective Assessment." Psychological Reports 90, no. 2 (April 2002): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.2.525.

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Verification of dissociative identity disorder presents challenges given the complex nature of the illness. This study addressed the concern that this disorder can be successfully malingered on objective and projective psychological tests. 50 undergraduate women were assigned to a Malingering or a Control condition, then completed the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Dissociative Experiences Scale II. The Malingering group were asked to simulate dissociative identity disorder; controls received instructions to answer all materials honestly. Analysis indicated that malingerers were significantly more likely to endorse dissociative experiences on the Dissociative Experiences Scale II in the range common to patients with diagnosed dissociative identity disorder. However, on the Rorschach there were no significant differences between the two groups. Results suggest that the assessment of dissociative identity disorder requires a multifaceted approach with both objective and projective assessment tools. Research is needed to assess these issues in clinical populations.

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Albarello, Beatriz Amália. "O USO DE INSTRUMENTOS PSICOLÓGICOS PARA A ORIENTAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA." Psicologia e Saúde em Debate 8, no. 1 (July 28, 2022): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22289/2446-922x.v8n1a29.

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This article aimed to carry out a descriptive and exploratory bibliographical research on the importance of vocational guidance for young people and which psychological instruments can be used as clinical practice by psychology professionals. Based on the findings in the literature on professional choice, professional guidance and types of assessment, we sought to make a methodological proposal for a clinical intervention in professional guidance using instruments and psychological tests. The findings indicate the importance of using psychometric resources and techniques of self-report tests, expressive and projective personality tests for the understanding of psychodynamics, professional choices and preferences.

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40

Olga, Karabanova. "Psycho diagnostic techniques for the study of parent-child relationships as a tool of psychological counseling." Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2020.11.00667.

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The article presents the experience of using the projective technique “Parent essay” and tests for assessment parent-child joint activity. Indicators for assessing the parental attitudes and parent-child relationships are presented. A scheme for drawing up a conclusion is presented, highlighting the main blocks describing the parenting and parent-child relationships

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Castro, J. Iván. "Usos de las pruebas proyectivas en la fase evaluativa del proceso psicodiagnóstico en Guatemala." Revista Perspectivas 4, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36631/rph.2022.04.04.

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Contreras-Milián, Pilar Carolina, Manuel González-Pérez, and Ana María Alejandra Herrera-Espinosa. "Identification Of Personality Traits Of The Profile Organizational Psychologist In Training, Based On Zülliger Test." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2016): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p328.

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Researchers and professionals use psychometric psychology test as one of the main tools for measuring and personality assessment of candidates for a position in an organization. However, projective tests are being used tiny due to the lack of specialists in the field and represent the cost to companies. This study focuses Zulliger the test (TZ). The TZ is a projective psychometric test, which was tested through rigorous research as a valid and reliable. The aim of this study was to identify the personality traits of the organizational psychologist in training. This quantitative study is exploratory and descriptive cutting range. It was conducted in the period from February to July 2015. Through characteristic profile results of organizational psychologists in training at a private university was built.

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Kniga, V. V., L. V. Krapivnitskaya, and T. A. Krapivnitskaya. "ROLE OF CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS IN DETECTION OF A PROPENSION TO DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN AVIATION SPECIALISTS." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 54, no. 5 (2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2020-54-5-45-49.

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One of the major concerns of the aviation health safety management is enhancement of the flight personnel medical certification system. The investigation was focused on individual typology of civil pilots prone to alcoholism. Subjects were 112 pilots suspected in alcohol abuse and 189 normal pilots as controls. The standard protocol of investigations was complemented by the clinical psychological tests including MMPI, Szondi test, H. Eysenck intelligence test, and projective drawing tests. It was proven that ethanol degrades pilot's personality. The initial stage of this process can be diagnosed using the clinical psychological tests listed above. The authors propose a testing algorithm for inclusion in the crew medical certification procedure.

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Erickson, Steven K., Scott O. Lilienfeld, and Michael J. Vitacco. "FAILING THE BURDEN OF PROOF: THE SCIENCE AND ETHICS OF PROJECTIVE TESTS IN CUSTODY EVALUATIONS." Family Court Review 45, no. 2 (April 2007): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2007.00138.x.

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Bornstein, Robert F. "Criterion validity of objective and projective dependency tests: A meta-analytic assessment of behavioral prediction." Psychological Assessment 11, no. 1 (March 1999): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.48.

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Hrytsenko, O. S. "Analysis of the criteria of originality in projective methods in the study of talented and gifted individuals." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 41, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2020.5.11.

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Analysis of the criteria of originality in projective methods in the study of talented and gifted individuals. The study analyses the criterion of originality in projective diagnostic tests used for the assessment of creative and gifted persons. For the analysis, the tests of Torrance, Gilford, Wartegg, and the methodology of "Pictogram" were utilized. The concept of originality is assessed in all these projective methods. This concept, according to J. Gilford, is strongly related to the creativity of a person. The originality, according to the scientist, is the capability to find the non-standard solutions, which are different from most answers for the particular test task. Thus, this parameter is related to the capability to create the new ideas based on the standard stimuli, which is the basis of creativity. However, the true originality, as the ability to produce a new product, cannot be measured within the testing procedure. Thus, J. Gilford created the criterion of originality of projective tests as a statistical parameter. For different tests, the frequency of the solution, needed for describing it as original, can be different. Precisely, in Torrance’s test, the answer is considered original if it occurs in less than 5% of answers. In Gilford's test, the original solution was shown to be presented in less than then 2.5% cases. For the "Pictogram" methodology, the original answer occurs in less than 2%, and in Wartegg’s test – in less than 1%. When analysing the concept of originality, it is also necessary to ensure the adequacy of the proposed solution is also evaluated. A tested person can propose the answer to the test task that ignores the instruction or the essential characteristics of stimuli. In this case, such a variant of the solution of the problem will be original, as it occurs rarely. However, this solution does not appear to be adequate and it might not be related to the creativity of a person. Hence, original but adequate answers should be applied as indicators of the true creativity. Thus, the criterion of originality is a statistical one. To evaluate the originality of the answer, a researcher assesses the frequency of a particular result in the entire assessed group. This criterion in the significant way depends on the cultural code of the person as well as on the sample of the study. The same solution can be considered as original for one sample and standard, normative for another one. On the other hand, creativity of a person not always can be controlled and applied consciously. The creative process is frequently spontaneous. Therefore, the absence of the original solutions in the results of proactive tests does not necessarily mean the absence of creativity in a particular person. In such a rank, the criterion of originality can serve as an indicator of a non-standard process of thinking of an individual. However, the assessment of creativity and giftedness requires a comprehensive and individual approach.

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Van Laer, Inge M. L., Maarten Vanhoyland, and Hilde De Saeger. "Implementation of the Rorschach in an Evidence-Based Setting." Rorschachiana 41, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000126.

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Abstract. Over the years, projective tests lost their power and became the target of criticism. The methods were old, not supported by any powerful evidence, and were ridiculed in cartoons, movies, and popular media. It is difficult for clinicians to deal with these criticisms. A difficulty often heard among clinicians who are proficient in personality assessment is how to cope with skepticism and preconceptions in the use of projective methods. Working in a forensic setting and a residential setting for people with severe personality disorders challenged us on how to implement the Rorschach in our daily work as assessors, teachers, and supervisors. In this article we describe our journey in trying to work collaboratively with our clients, management staff, colleagues, and students in the use of projective methods. Although research overall shows that multimethod assessment is the gold standard, daily practice shows differently. The use of semi-structured self-report methods seems to be more popular, and these are perceived as more evidence-based. We compare the implementation of the Rorschach in an evidence-based setting with the implementation of a new therapeutic model from a heuristic point of view ( Hutsebaut et al., 2012 ).

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Boekholt, Monika. "Genèse et finalité de l'hystérie : apports de la clinique projective infantile." Psychologie clinique et projective 1, no. 2 (1995): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clini.1995.1029.

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Monika Boekholt, Genesis and finality of hysteria : contributions of infantile projective clinic ? Can child psychopathology contribute to the comprehension of the adult's future psychopathological states ? This idea is inspired by the clinical and projective approach of little girls' psychical functioning during the latency period, in the way they sexualise their representations in order to replace more anxiety provoking pregenital representations. It is as if, in these cases, eroticization, as a compromise, replaced the unbearable confrontation to the maternal image, which brings on both oedipal rivalry and the risk of a depression. This could validate the thesis that hysteria is a premature flight towards the ego-sexuated body whose anti-depressive aspect fights a fundamental flaw of what is containing. The argumentation lies on the case study of a 10 year old girl : her projective tests - Rorschach and TAT - congruently show the systematic recourse to representations of eroticized relationships as soon as depressive and/or anxiety provoking solicitations in connection to the maternal image appear. The hysterical strategy seems almost like a caricature, although its future still remains open. Key-words : Hysteria, Child, Adult, Maternal imago, Depression, Rorschach, TAT.

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Verdon, Benoît. "The Case of Thematic Tests Adapted to Older Adults." Rorschachiana 32, no. 1 (January 2011): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000015.

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Since the 1950s, the growing interest of clinicians in using projective tests to study normal or pathological aging processes has led to the creation of several thematic tests for older adults. This development reflects their authors’ belief that the TAT is not suitable to the concerns and anxieties of elderly persons. The new material thus refers explicitly to situations related to age; it aims to enable older persons to express needs they cannot verbalize during consultations. The psychodynamic approach to thematic testing is based on the differentiation between the pictures’ manifest and latent content, eliciting responses linked to mental processes and issues the respondent is unaware of. The cards do not necessarily have to show aging characters to elicit identification: The situations shown in the pictures are linked to loss, rivalry, helplessness, and renunciation, all issues elderly respondents can identify with and that lead them to express their mental fragilities and resources. The article first explains the principles underlying four of these thematic tests, then develops several examples of stories told for card 3BM of the TAT, thus showing the effectiveness of this tool for the understanding and differentiation of loss-related issues facing older men and women.

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Boekholt, Monika. "Traumatisme réel, traumatisme fantasmatique. Le "Patte-Noire" dans l'approche des représentations de relation." Psychologie clinique et projective 6, no. 1 (2000): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clini.2000.1157.

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Monika Boekholt, Real and fantasized traumatism. The « Black paw » test in an approach to relation representations. The work presented here participates in a relfection concerning the differential approach to psychic functioning and in particular, the aspects brought to light by projective techniques including the « Black Paw » test as regards representations of relations. The work is based on a comparison of the psychological evaluations of twenty 6 to 8-year-old girls among whom some are victims of abuse and have been hospitalized for this reason and others are consultants in child psychiatry presenting an organization of the hysterical type. Whereas the Rorschach, the CAT and the TAT may in some cases be unable to differentiate among them, the situations of bodily rapprochement which are manifest in the « Black Paw » material reactivate these specific drive and defensive modalities. Key words : Children - Abuse - Hysteria - Projective tests - « Black Paw ».

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