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Zelenenkaya, Ekaterina. "The Projector Principle as a Means of Portraying the Cultural through the Personal in Olive Senior's Summer Lightning and Other Stories." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och kultur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102466.
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The essay represents the projector principle, on which, as the essay’s author believes, the narration of The Summer Lightning and Other Stories by Olive Senior is based. The projector principle illustrates the idea that little details and images in the text serve big purposes, for example, reflect the emotional state of the characters or how the characters construct their identity. The literary analysis of the present essay aims at exploring a complicated identity construction in the context of Jamaica with its half-lost indigenous and half-remained colonial legacies through the identity construction of adolescent Jamaican protagonists of the short stories.
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Mercer, Leah Gwenyth. "Complementarity and the uncertainty principle as aesthetic principles : the practice and performance of The Physics Project." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29938/.
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Using the generative processes developed over two stages of creative development and the performance of The Physics Project at the Loft at the Creative Industries Precinct at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) from 5th – 8th April 2006 as a case study, this exegesis considers how the principles of contemporary physics can be reframed as aesthetic principles in the creation of contemporary performance. The Physics Project is an original performance work that melds live performance, video and web-casting and overlaps an exploration of personal identity with the physics of space, time, light and complementarity. It considers the acts of translation between the language of physics and the language of contemporary performance that occur via process and form. This exegesis also examines the devices in contemporary performance making and contemporary performance that extend the reach of the performance, including the integration of the live and the mediated and the use of metanarratives.
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Massam, Diane. "Case theory and the Projection Principle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15172.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES
Bibliography: leaves 390-407.
by Diane Massam.
Ph.D.
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Makhoalibe, Puleng. "Towards design principles for project artistry in exploratory sandpit projects: A design-based research perspective." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26897.
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Organisations are increasingly finding themselves operating in environments that are characterised by higher levels of ambiguity, uncertainty and complexity, as well as environmental and internal changes that are beyond their control (Reeves, 2015). This context is affecting the way in which projects are executed, as project managers are expected to conceive, manage and successfully implement projects within such an environment. An important question to ask is: Are intrinsically unpredictable environments becoming more dominant leading to increase in the complexity of projects? We are now living in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) world; project management as a field has to overcome significant barriers to change and develop the capacity for more subjective, interactive, and interpretive innovations that appear to be more effective in these settings. The primary question addressed in this study is how the design of exploration projects may be carried out to bring clarity to project objectives and enablers. Design thinking, which is said to embody practices, mind-sets and processes that empower teams to co-create innovative solutions to wicked problems (Rittel and Webber, 1973) has been adopted in this study. Its design principles together with the creative problem-solving principles are combined to create a framework that facilitates design of exploration projects. This study uses design-based research (DBR) to apply the emerging framework to educational sandpit projects. These projects inherit the characteristics of exploration projects which are highly ambiguous toward more innovative, context-relevant, targeted solutions developed by diverse project teams. The study adopted a qualitative, interpretivist approach in order to enhance the design principles emerging from this study through authentic interventions in educational sandpits using DBR as a methodology. The outcome of the study, namely, a project artistry framework, emerged from the iterative process which was undertaken. The framework's value proposition is that it (the framework) had been proven to enable diverse teams to shift the participants' orientation from significant ambiguity and uncertainty to the ability to plan action by co-creating project visions with clear objectives and goals. The project artistry framework reflects the construction of a house and a more holistic framework, which consists of a roof (design process), the pillars required to hold up the roof (design pillars) and the foundational bricks. The design pillars include reflection, creative language, applied imagination, diverging and converging while the foundational bricks include empathy, empowerment, engagement, emergence, experimentation, environment, exploration and exploitation. In addition, an ambiguity acceptance journey is proposed to encourage a tolerance of ambiguity that leads to questioning and inquiry in projects that cultivates fresh insights and innovation in projects. New approaches to project leadership and design are essential to transform the world we live in. Although no panacea, project artistry provides project leaders with a new dimension to understanding the changing conditions that surround their project and envisioning better, innovative solutions to some of the most troublesome challenges facing our projects. It brings together the power of analysis and intuition to synthesize real solutions that not only work but meet the needs of the people. This fresh approach also brings enlightenment and transformation to those engaged in such projects and cultivates creative confidence and fosters collaboration.
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Carnie, Andrew, and David Medeiros. "Tree maximization and the generalized extended projection principle." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126609.
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In this paper we argue that a number of unexplained and stipulative properties of the grammar (such as the Generalized Extended Projection Principle, Binary Branching, Labeling) find a functional explanation, if we view them as correlates of a general desire for the grammar to maximize trees in such a way that they result in a Fibonacci-like sequence of
maximal categories.
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Van, Heerden Johan P. "Reducing risks in large scale projects : investigating the integration of systems engineering principles into project management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80151.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Project management (PM) is a very important field in engineering as a whole. The management of most projects has become more complex in recent times, due to greater technical complexity and the requirement of diversified skills. The management of risks is a very important process to improve the performance of a project. This is due to the link between project risks and objectives. However, this aspect of PM becomes increasingly more difficult to manage with increasing project complexity. For these reasons a need exists for more efficient PM methods. This thesis had three objectives. The first was to understand the processes and principles of PM, systems engineering (SE) and risk management. This was achieved by doing a literature study on the three fields. The second objective was to identify areas of greater risk within the management of projects. The final objective was to develop an effective generic model that illustrates the integration of SE principles into PM, with the goal to reduce the identified risks. Five risks were identified during this research. They were considered to be the most important in project management. This was accomplished by means of a questionnaire that was sent out to experts in the industry. It was established from this investigation that the following five risks, in order of importance, pose the biggest threat to the success of a project: 1. Poorly defined requirements; 2. Poor communication; 3. Poor risk management; 4. Lack of customer involvement; and 5. Inaccurate estimates. These risks were addressed by integrating the principles of SE into PM. SE is an iterative process that needs a diverse set of people, with a variety of skills, to achieve customer requirements. Various SE approaches and strategies were developed throughout the years. They were investigated to obtain insight into which of them can be used to improve PM. The top-down iterative development principles of SE offer a great advantage, and therefore it was appropriate to integrate these principles into PM. A model was developed as part of this thesis to illustrate the integration of SE principles into PM, and the importance of risk management. The model was named “Project Management Integrated with Systems Engineering Principles Model”. This tool can be used by engineers and their project teams to enhance the management of projects. It is also a generic tool that can be used for any project. The final step of this research was the validation of the model. This was done by means of expert evaluation. The purpose of this validation was to test whether the objectives of the research were met, and if the model was valid in the sense of ease of use and usefulness. The final objective of the validation process was to determine if the integration of systems engineering (SE) principles into project management (PM) were successful, and if it will reduce risks in large scale projects. It was concluded from this evaluation that its objectives were met and that the model successfully demonstrated the integration of SE into PM to reduce risks in large scale projects. Several recommendations were made that may enhance this study. They main recommendations are: 1. Researching the impact of communication on projects, by using case studies. 2. SE principles are mainly used in the first two phases of the model. Further investigation of using SE principles in phase three may be researched. 3. Customer involvement may be used during changes in the project. For this reason it is recommended that future studies may include investigation of the impact the customer has on project changes and the change management process. 4. The model could be tested in the industry on an active project. This will greatly improve the validity of the model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Projekbestuur is ‘n baie belangrike veld in ingenieurswese as geheel. As gevolg van die toenemende tegniese kompleksiteit en die vereiste van verskillende vaardighede, het die bestuur van meeste projekte meer gekompliseerd geraak met tyd. Die bestuur van risiko’s is ‘n baie belangrike proses om die uitvoering van ‘n projek te verbeter. Hierdie aspek van projekbestuur het egter al hoe moeiliker geword om te bestuur. Dus hiervoor bestaan daar ‘n behoefte vir meer doeltreffende projekbestuur metodes. Hierdie tesis het drie doelwitte gehad. Die eerste doelwit was om die prosesse en beginsels van projekbestuur, stelsels ingenieurswese en risikobestuur te verstaan. Dit was bevredig deur ‘n literatuur studie wat gedoen is in die drie velde. Die tweede doelwit was gestel om die areas van groter risiko binne die bestuur van projekte te identifiseer. Die finale doelwit was die ontwilkkeling van ‘n effektiewe generiese model wat die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels binne projekbestuur demonstreer, met die doel om die geïdentifiseerde risiko’s te verminder. Vyf risiko’s, wat as die mees belangrikste in projekbestuur beskou word, was geïdentifiseer. Hierdie risiko’s was deur middel van ‘n vraelys, wat aan deskundiges in die industrie gestuur was, geïdentifiseer. Die risiko’s, gelys in volgorde van belangrikheid, was: 1. Swak bepaalde vereistes; 2. Swak kommunikasie; 3. Swak risiko bestuur; 4. Onnoukeurige skattings; en 5. Geen kliënt betrokkenheid. Vervolgens was hierdie risiko’s deur die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels in projekbestuur toegespreek. Stelsels ingenieurswese is ‘n herhalingsproses wat die kliënt se vereistes bevredig, deur gebruik te maak van ‘n diverse groep mense met ‘n verskeidenheid van vaardighede. Verskeie stelsels ingenieurswese benaderings en strategië is deur die jare ontwikkel. Hierdie benaderings en strategië was geondersoek om vas te stel watter van hulle toegepas kan word om projekbestuur te verbeter. Die “top-down” herhalende ontwikkeling beginsels van stelsels ingenieurswese bied ‘n groot voordeel, en dit was om hierdie rede toepaslik om dié beginsels in projekbestuur te integreer. ‘n Model was ontwikkel as deel van die navorsing om die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels binne projekbestuur te illustreer, asook die belangrikheid van risikobestuur. Die model is genoem “Project Management Integrated with Systems Engineering Principles Model”. Hierdie model kan deur ingenieurs en hul projekspanne gebruik word om die bestuur van projekte te versterk. Die finale stap van die navorsing was die evaluasie van die model. Dit was gedoen deur middel van deskundige evaluasie. Die validasie proses het twee doelwitte gehad. Die eerste doel was om te bepaal of die doelwitte van die ondersoek bereik was, asook om vas te stel of die model geldig was in die sin van gemak van gebruik en bruikbaarheid. Die tweede doel van die validasie proses was om te bepaal of die model suksesvol die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese binne projekbestuur gedemonstreer het, en of hierdie integrasie risiko’s in groot skaalse projekte sal verminder. Dit was afgelei van die evaluasie dat die model wel suksesvol die integrasie van stelsels ingenieurswese binne projekbestuur demonstreer om risiko’s in grootskaalse projekte te verminder. Verskeie aanbevelings was gemaak wat hierdie navorsing kan versterk in waarde. Die hoof aanbevelings was: 1. Die impak wat kommunikasie op projekte het kan geondersoek word deur middel van gevallestudies. 2. Stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels is hoofsaaklik gedurende die eerste twee fases van die model gebruik. Die gebruik van stelsels ingenieurswese beginsels in fase drie kan verder ondersoek word. 3. Kliënt betrokkenheid gedurende veranderinge in ‘n projek kan gebruik word. Om hierdie rede word dit aanbeveel dat verdere studies die kliënt se impak op projek veranderings en verandering in bestuursproses ondersoek word. 4. Die model kan getoets word in die industrie op ‘n aktiewe projek. Dit sal die geldigheid van die model grootliks verbeter.
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Toner, Anna L., Tom R. Franks, I. Goldman, David Howlett, Faustin Kamuzora, F. Muhumuza, and T. Tamasane. "Goodbye to Projects? Briefing Paper 1: An Overview: Projects and Principles." Thesis, Bradford Centre for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2895.
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YesThis briefing paper reports on research exploring ten detailed case studies of livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Tanzania, Lesotho, South Africa and Uganda. Analysing these interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood `principles¿ (as a proxy for best practice) revealed general lessons both about the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions.
Department for International Development
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Vinger, Gift. "THE STATUS OF THE PROJECTION PRINCIPLE IN GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/509.
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Published ArticleThe role of the Projection Principle within Chomsky's Government-Binding (GB) Theory is to preserve the subcategorisation properties of lexical items at all levels of syntactic representation, viz. D-structure, S-structure, and Lexical Form. Arguments have been made that the Projection Principle is a new concept that is simply an extension of theTransformational Component (XFM) and Emonds' Structure-Preserving Constraint (SPC), and that it does not deserve the high status it has been accorded in GB theory. This paper provides evidence, based on sentences involving movement operations, that the Projection Principle is innovative and that it convincingly addresses what theXFMandSPChave failed to address.
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Braizinha, Joaquim José. "Projecto clássico em arquitectura." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 1989. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29762.
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Zeytuncu, Yunus Ergin. "Lp and Sobolev Regularity of Weighted Bergman Projections." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273761421.
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Agarwal, Sudha Rani, and Timea Kalmár. "Sustainability in Project Management : Eight principles in practice." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-115219.
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This research studies the eight principles of sustainability applied in Project Management. To be more precise the research fulfils four objectives which are: firstly, to review and identify key principles of sustainability in project management from existing literature; secondly, to adopt a multiple case study method to assess the applicability of the principles in project management; thirdly, to determine the barriers that impede certain principles to be applied in projects and the resulting trade-offs; and lastly, to refine the concept of sustainability in project management.The study adopts a subjectivist ontological viewpoint and an interpretivist epistemological outlook. The paper deductively studies the research question and adopts a qualitative mono-method research design, with a multiple case study strategy. The project case studies analysed belong to six different industries namely Pharmaceutical, Information Technology (IT), Automotive, Transportation, Furniture and Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). All case studies fulfil the criteria of being multinational organisations, operating in the private sector, having sustainability as a strategic pillar and projects executed in developed countries with a similar macroeconomic climate. The data has been collected through the semi-structured interview technique and examined using a thematic analysis. The results show that not all eight principles of sustainability are implemented in project management despite of multiple proactive endeavours of engaging in social and environmentally focused business practices. The two principles that show a limited applicability in project management are values and ethics as well as consuming income and not capital.The theoretical contribution of the research is realised through the first collective analysis of the eight principles of sustainability and their implementation in project management through empirical case studies. An additional contribution is through the selection of case studies from industries that have not been examined before. The practical implication of the research is to offer guidance to organisations on what principles they need to build their sustainability project management practices on and to point out the commonly faced barriers and trade-offs.
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Li, Liubo Li. "Trend-Filtered Projection for Principal Component Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503277234178696.
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Patak, Zdenek. "Robust principal component analysis via projection pursuit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29737.
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In principal component analysis (PCA), the principal components (PC) are linear combinations of the variables that minimize some objective function. In the classical setup the objective function is the variance of the PC's. The variance of the PC's can be easily upset by outlying observations; hence, Chen and Li (1985) proposed a robust alternative for the PC's obtained by replacing the variance with an M-estimate of scale. This approach cannot achieve a high breakdown point (BP) and efficiency at the same time. To obtain both high BP and efficiency, we propose to use MM- and τ-estimates in place of the M-estimate. Although outliers may cause bias in both the direction and the size of the PC's, Chen and Li looked at the scale bias only, whereas we consider both.
All proposed robust methods are based on the minimization of a non-convex objective function; hence, a good initial starting point is required. With this in mind, we propose an orthogonal version of the least median of squares (Rousseeuw and Leroy, 1987) and a new method that is orthogonal equivariant, robust and easy to compute. Extensive Monte Carlo study shows promising results for the proposed method. Orthogonal regression
and detection of multivariate outliers are discussed as possible applications of PCA.Science, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
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Abidin, Linda Indahwati. "An application of Grice's cooperative principle to the analysis of coherence in basic writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/981.
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Dvorkin, William Nathan. "Applying the Principles of Project Management to a Collegiate Automotive Engineering Design Project." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71328.
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The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech is a collegiate automotive engineering design team that reengineers production vehicles to reduce environmental impact while maintaining vehicle marketability. The team Project Manager is responsible for coordinating high-level management and planning activities with the goal of better aligning the team with business and automotive industry practices. Project management responsibilities within the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team are divided into four categories: human resource management, schedule management, cost management, and risk management. This document outlines how project management strategies were researched and adapted from industry practices for use by the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team in achieving its goals.
The human resource management strategy adopts onboarding principles that better prepare new students to become effective team members. By restructuring the organization and incorporating onboarding strategies, annual turnover is reduced from 71% to 44%. The decrease in turnover is enabled by the successful creation of an independent study program which trains newcomers to become effective team members. The program can be improved for the future by further developing the curriculum.
The employed schedule management strategy develops the project schedule iteratively as technical information reveals itself through task progress. Utilizing this process makes schedule management possible in an environment with incomplete information and pressing deadlines. This strategy experienced limited success due to the lack of team and project scheduling experience on behalf of several key members of the process.
The cost management strategy is designed to gather detailed financial data to perform an earned-value analysis and create improved budgets. By understanding income and expense patterns, the Project Manager can create economic forecasts to determine the economic viability of the team. The strategy was successfully implemented and allowed the team to gather valuable financial data.
The risk management strategy identifies and quantifies technical risks associated with vehicle development. By focusing more resources on high-risk activities, the team can improve preparation for competition where the vehicle is judged according engineering quality and build progress. The strategy was successful because it identified critical hazards to the project schedule and scope, but can be improved by broadening the process to account for a wider variety of risks.Master of Science
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El-Husseini, Ibrahim Ali. "Islamic financial principles and their application in project financing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44667.
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Wadzwanya, Faith Chivimbiso. "Managing small and medium enterprises using project management principles." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2652.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration (Entrepreneurship)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Although SMEs are aware of project management, it seems that a vast majority of firms are not actually well-informed about what project management is, and therefore, might not even be adhering to project management principles. Hence, the main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which SMEs (involved in construction, events and information technology and located in the Cape Metropolitan area in South Africa) apply project management principles. This study used a mixed method approach (both qualitative and quantitative) and various relevant instruments to collect and analyse data. A total of 223 questionnaires were administered to employees working in conjunction with a project management department, and five face-to-face interviews were conducted with owner-managers of selected SMEs. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to analyse the quantitative data with results presented in a tabulated format; content analysis was used to transcribe qualitative data and categorise this data into themes. The study found that the project management sector is still predominately male-dominated, and project teams are not selected on the basis of experience. Furthermore, those who lack experiences are not trained. The nature of work done, company understaffing, time and financial constraints and poor team dynamics were all cited as factors affecting the application of project management principles within SMEs. Several recommendations emerged from the findings. First, it was recommended that women be empowered as active participants in project management, thereby reducing the evident gender imbalance; training and development should regularly be conducted to fully equip employees with vital skills and competencies. This will more strongly ensure that clients are satisfied with quality outcome and thereby establish a good reputation for SMEs. Project managers should create contingency plans for potential challenges. Additionally, the project manager should ensure that by virtue of the company being understaffed, specific roles and responsibilities of individuals should be clearly delineated, clearly communicated and clearly understood. Alternatively, the company may employ more personnel for particular projects, or independent contractors could be hired to assist. Moreover, time constraints can be eradicated by establishing timelines through the Gantt chart and measuring milestones. Finance and other resources should be allocated economically with and ongoing budget-cost analysis for monitoring expenditure. It was also deemed advisable that project managers send their teams for wellness training to avoid negative team dynamics, and as for labour unrest, senior managers should engage proactively with unions and delegates.
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Malek, Ramtin. "Lean principles application in public-private partnership project procurement." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1394924437.
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Arnold, S. "Transforming systems engineering principles into integrated project team practice." Thesis, Engineering Systems Department, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3033.
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This investigation considers the composition, status, principles and defence acquisition setting of systems engineering. From these some opportunities for enhancement of its practice are considered.
It opens with a re-assessment of the disciplinary essence of systems engineering. Systems engineering is considered as an amalgam of three components – systems reasoning, engineering and management – that form a coherent and distinctive discipline. It is advanced that a fresh balance of system-related factors, characterised in this text as systems reasoning, is the distinguishing essence of systems engineering. It conveys a rationale for present-day practice and provides a basis for advancements.
Consideration is given to the construction of a systems engineering framework, built from a re-interpretation of engineering and management science constructs. A triptych of viewpoints of systems engineering, comprising connected representations of business process, organisational capability and individual competence, is proposed and outlined. These three essential views define a paradigm of systems engineering able to structure present-day engineering complexities and risks, and permit project and enterprise control of business achievement and risk exposure.
An analysis of the UK MOD acquisition setting for systems engineering, and an Integrated Project Team Leader survey of prevailing system engineering attitudes, experiences, expectations and concerns, set the scene for practice advancements. The first of these is based on a rigorous view of what capability means and how this impacts IPT technical contributions and responsibilities. The effectiveness of the current MOD acquisition cycle is then considered. An alternative, that might better serve the changing nature of investment constraints and effective capability delivery, is presented. Approaches to systems engineering planning are then analysed and a conclusion drawn regarding a planning instrument for IPTs that balances prescription, guidance and didacticism.
An assessment of how requirements assist and hinder working with customers and suppliers dissects the intent and content of requirements, including their contrasting technical and commercial purposes. System descriptions, their relationship and their concordance are then considered in a detailed look inside the technical processes, and this includes the principles and methods employed to design architecture. The resolution of current conflicts and confusions over architecture is seen to lie in observance of disciplined systems engineering principles. Finally the systems engineering views of humans inside and outside the system boundary are explored, and the investigation closes with a consideration of the degree to which systems engineering may reasonably address social influences.
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Arnold, Stuart. "Transforming systems engineering principles into integrated project team practice." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3033.
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This investigation considers the composition, status, principles and defence acquisition setting of systems engineering. From these some opportunities for enhancement of its practice are considered. It opens with a re-assessment of the disciplinary essence of systems engineering. Systems engineering is considered as an amalgam of three components – systems reasoning, engineering and management – that form a coherent and distinctive discipline. It is advanced that a fresh balance of system-related factors, characterised in this text as systems reasoning, is the distinguishing essence of systems engineering. It conveys a rationale for present-day practice and provides a basis for advancements. Consideration is given to the construction of a systems engineering framework, built from a re-interpretation of engineering and management science constructs. A triptych of viewpoints of systems engineering, comprising connected representations of business process, organisational capability and individual competence, is proposed and outlined. These three essential views define a paradigm of systems engineering able to structure present-day engineering complexities and risks, and permit project and enterprise control of business achievement and risk exposure. An analysis of the UK MOD acquisition setting for systems engineering, and an Integrated Project Team Leader survey of prevailing system engineering attitudes, experiences, expectations and concerns, set the scene for practice advancements. The first of these is based on a rigorous view of what capability means and how this impacts IPT technical contributions and responsibilities. The effectiveness of the current MOD acquisition cycle is then considered. An alternative, that might better serve the changing nature of investment constraints and effective capability delivery, is presented. Approaches to systems engineering planning are then analysed and a conclusion drawn regarding a planning instrument for IPTs that balances prescription, guidance and didacticism. An assessment of how requirements assist and hinder working with customers and suppliers dissects the intent and content of requirements, including their contrasting technical and commercial purposes. System descriptions, their relationship and their concordance are then considered in a detailed look inside the technical processes, and this includes the principles and methods employed to design architecture. The resolution of current conflicts and confusions over architecture is seen to lie in observance of disciplined systems engineering principles. Finally the systems engineering views of humans inside and outside the system boundary are explored, and the investigation closes with a consideration of the degree to which systems engineering may reasonably address social influences.
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Haraldsson, Agnes, and Nina Thorén. "Projektledningens samverkande roll vid hållbar samhällsutveckling : en studie av allmännyttiga bostadsbolag." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31739.
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Click, Karen Ann. "Planning to Perform: The Application of Project Management Principles to Recital Preparation." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/35.
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Many musicians, artists and other creative thinkers often struggle with organizational skills in preparation for events that require detailed planning, notably recital preparation. Musicians often find themselves ill-prepared and must reschedule the event, recycle music that they do not wish to perform, or ultimately perform at a lower standard. Currently, there is no standardized, established model for pianists or other types of musicians to guide them in setting up a recital and successfully executing all of its parts from start to finish. This study, through discussion of the employment of project management principles, aids artists in putting together a performance successfully. Specifically, it explored the planning and execution of all facets of the performance. This study sought to present a guide on the basic steps in planning a successful recital using the established methodology of a business model and applying it to piano performance. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how project management principles can be applied to recital preparation, planning and execution. The study addressed the returning performer; however, aspects of this study can be used by the student and seasoned professional alike. Results of the study generated an integrated project plan, illustrating the project life cycle of piano performance.
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Dabbaghi, Tehrani Maryam. "Performance Improvement in Construction Project based on Six Sigma Principles." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20107.
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The importance of quality improvement and excellent performance in the highly competitiveworld market, lead many organizations, their top managers, project managers, and engineers toimplement the new philosophies such as pull scheduling and lean principle at their organizations.This paper describes the Six Sigma principle and framework as a quality improvement strategythrough the successful business.Firstly, the background of the Six Sigma in industry will be described and statistical theorybehind it will be illustrated. Although the Six Sigma concept will be presented in terms ofprinciples, methodologies and framework, the main focus in this report is on adopting the SixSigma approach in construction projects which is still new concept in construction industry.Hence, adopting DMAIC procedure in the construction projects will be examined in this reportto give an overview of what is called Performance Improvement in Construction Projectbased on Six Sigma Principles.
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Szabados, Cynthia Grassel. "Utilizing the principles and strategies of brain based learning in educating the deaf." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2405.
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Šinágl, Roman. "Návrh úpravy metodiky ICE pro řízení malých projektů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198263.
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The main aim of this piece of work is to propose an adjustment to the ICE methodology with an increased applicability for small projects. The emphasis is especially given to the most important areas of the methodology that can be easily adjusted or simplified. The theoretical part of this paper consists of four main chapters. The first chapter is called "Project and Project Management". This chapter holistically explains the meaning of project and project management terms. It describes a project from a general point of view and looks at its individual components. The second chapter so called "Methodology" explores particular project management methodologies. It focuses on two basic project lifecycle models along with an analysis of traditional and agile methodologies. The third "Small Project Methodologies" chapter examines the modified methodologies suitable for management of small projects. The final chapter of the theoretical part is the "ICE Methodology Analysis". The analysis represents the key pillar for this work without which the practical part could not be concluded. The practical part of this piece of work focuses on specifics of the ICE methodology modification in accordance with the analysis carried out in the theoretical part. The basis for this modification is represented by the general methodology framework for small projects. The general framework is fully based on the analysis undertaken in the theoretical part of this paper and plays a significant role in the ICE methodology modification process. The main areas of the ICE methodology modification are defined in "The ICE Methodology for Small Projects - Simplification Proposal". The practical part's conclusion presents the unmodified and modified ICE methodology comparison.
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Bartlett, H. V. "Understanding the implementation of sustainability principles in UK educational building projects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596435.
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The need for sustainability (or sustainable development) is widely recognised, and the case for it rarely disputed. There is a particular need for action within the construction industry because of the nature and scale of its activities. Commentaries and statistics on the impacts of the industry abound. Nevertheless there continues to be confusion about the application of sustainable development to construction and the built environment. Using an inductive approach, which follows the roadmap set out by Eisenhardt (1989) for building theories from case studies, four UK educational buildings (the Education Resource Centre at the Eden Project, the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge, the Oxstalls Campus at the University of Gloucestershire and the Great Notley Discovery Centre) have been investigated as case studies to address three research questions: What is sustainability in relation to the built environment? Why is it taken into account? and How is it taken into account? Hypotheses have been shaped from analyses of the case studies and evaluated in relation to the literature. It is proposed that for sustainability to be successfully taken into account in a building project there must be a client-driven agenda, an appropriate culture, clear definitions, a means of measurement and the use of tools. It is suggested that this can be undertaken within any contractual form. However, definitions of sustainability in relation to building projects need to be broadened beyond those aspects currently given prominence in the literature.
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Rodewohl, Christoph Friedrich. "The presence of Lean Construction principles in Norways transport infrastructure projects." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27095.
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The construction sector is tainted with a bad image and has a significant impact on the economic situation of a country. Claims for better and optimized processes are existent. The special properties of construction projects, especially their uniqueness, require a holistic understanding and make an adoption of the project team regarding the concerned context essential. A new way of thinking develops to cope with the complex and dynamic features. Lean has its roots in the manufacturing processes of the car industry. The body of literature of the approach called lean construction became overwhelming within a short period of time. The practical application within the construction sector isn't still highly developed. There are still a range of challenges implementing those methods from theory into practice which need to be solved. The thesis intends to make a contribution to broaden the application of lean and to provide knowledge implementing lean principles in practice. While examining Norwegians infrastructure projects with the help of case studies the researcher aims to prove the application of lean principles. The existence of lean principles is linked to the usage of lean tools and methods. There are two important sides introducing a new approach. The application of new processes is one aspect. New processes are depending on the appliers who implement them based on their experience and the way of thinking. LC means a paradigm shift in the way of thinking and requires commitment from all involved people. The approach scrutinizes the integration of the design and construction phase as well as the involvement of the client.To approach this topic the researcher divided the thesis into six chapters. The first part serves to introduce the topic and identifies the customer while presenting the objectives of the thesis. The second part presents the researchers approach for the literature part and the project work. The researcher presents the theory in the third chapter. This part deals with significant contributions as an excerpt from the huge body of literature. Chapter four reflects the case study and the collected data. The researcher is going to present the results of the examination phase by the chosen research method. In chapter five the data will be discussed and analysed matching the results with the theory part. With the help of collected data the task is to analyse the project management approach of SVV for the existence of lean principles and to prove the meaningfulness and application of lean ideas within the construction sector in general. The sixth part summarizes the results of the thesis and gives an outlook for further research work.
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Jenkins, Giuseppi K. "Implementing IPD Principles on Custom Residential Projects: Tools and Best Practices." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7508.
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The purpose of this research is to see how Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) principles and practices can be used on high end custom residential construction projects to increase the collaboration and efficiency of the project team. A case study was conducted on a custom home project to observe how and what IPD principles were used. Observations, interviews and a survey were used as part of that case study to gain insights. This research found that IPD principles and practices could be used on residential projects. In addition, the research found that those involved found the experience positive and beneficial to their success on the project.
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Hetzel, Eugene David. "The mad rhetoric: Toward a rigor on radical creativity and its function in consciousness as a communicative principle." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3293.
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This thesis explores three creative works, "The music of Erich Zann" by H.P. Lovecraft; the film "Eraserhead" by David Lynch; and the "Self-Portrait (blue)" by Vincent Van Gogh, as examples of different forms of mad rhetorics as a way in which to demonstrate the application of the theory of "mad rhetorics" and the role "radical creativity" plays in the construction of mad rhetorics by "mad rhetors" play in society.
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Tur, Laurent. "Dualité étrange sur le plan projectif." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4089.
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Bush, Mary Ann. "Applying adult education principles in an interpersonal management skills training program for hospital operations managers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/704.
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Chen, Howard. "AZIP, audio compression system: Research on audio compression, comparison of psychoacoustic principles and genetic algorithms." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2617.
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The purpose of this project is to investigate the differences between psychoacoustic principles and genetic algorithms (GA0). These will be discussed separately. The review will also compare the compression ratio and the quality of the decompressed files decoded by these two methods.
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Williams, Heather Jeannine. "The principal's role in school climate." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3031.
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Al, Subaih Adel. "A framework for implementation of IPD principles in oil & gas projects." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41093/.
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Investment in the global Oil and Gas sector is huge. In 2014, the cumulative investment in between 2014 and 2035 was estimated to be US$22.4 trillion, equivalent to an average annual spend of more than US$1 trillion. A high percentage of Oil & Gas projects go over budget, however, because of poor performance and major schedule delays. Many of these can be traced to problems originating in the design phase. This phase is typically carried out by experienced design consultants, followed by tendering and then execution, involving large construction organisations. Project delivery methods in the sector vary, with 57% using Design-Bid-Build, 38% Design-Build, and 5% Construction Manager at Risk. These methods provide no clear integration or collaborative approaches to ensure stakeholders involvement early during the design phase. This research examines the potential for using Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a new approach to improve collaboration by engaging full project teams from early in the design phase. It addresses the following questions: How do current practices in the Oil & Gas sector influence project performance? What are the factors behind poor project performance, and how can project performance be improved by the implementation of IPD? The aim of this research is to create a conceptual framework to implement IPD principles in Oil & Gas projects as a way of improving their performance. This framework will help project stakeholders to be involved during the design phase, which in turn will help to deliver high quality projects, where schedule and costs are tightly controlled. An extensive literature review found 1,056 factors affecting performance, of which 85 could be resolved if addressed at the design phase. A total of 55 factors were related to communication, project management, planning and design problems. A conceptual framework was created to equip stakeholders with a tool to implement IPD effectively. This framework was validated using case studies of very large Oil & Gas projects. This confirmed the criticality of the factors identified, and that they occurred during particular project stages. The framework was structured by plotting the major project stakeholders on one side and the project phases on the other (design phase, tendering, and construction), followed by the performance factors related to project management, planning, design and communication. For each factor, the stakeholders responsible were identified. The research concluded that the Oil & Gas industry suffers from poor performance and the current practices and execution strategies are influencing project delivery. There is a clear gap between the design and construction phases. The conceptual framework developed here will help to improve project performance by bridging the gap and involving all the stakeholders during the design phase, making sure that all the identified poor performance factors can be managed by all those affected, at the most suitable time. The framework is also expected to resolve other factors related to resources, procurement, environment and contracting which are linked to design, planning and project management factors.
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Goldman, I., Tom R. Franks, Anna L. Toner, David Howlett, Faustin Kamuzora, F. Muhumuza, and T. Tamasane. "Goodbye to Projects? Briefing Paper 2: The Application of the SL Principles." Thesis, Bradford Centre for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2911.
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YesThis briefing paper reports on research exploring ten detailed case studies of livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda and Lesotho. As a proxy for best practice, these interventions were analysed through an audit of sustainable livelihood `principles¿. This revealed general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions.
Department for International Development.
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Hekandjo, O'Brien Alexander. "The financing of power transmission interconnector projects : a case study of viable financial packaging utilising project finance principles for the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95592.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Over the past few years the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has been facing regional power shortages. These regional power shortages currently being experienced within the SADC region have been partly due to a lack of generation capacity and transmission capacity constraints. This situation has been further aggravated by the unanticipated economic growth within the SADC region. In order for the SADC region to meet its electricity demand, the region needs to invest in new generation and transmission projects. However, due to the inability of regional utilities to raise funds to finance these projects, the projects tend to not reach financial close resulting in the increase of the regional power deficits. Although these regional power shortages have been attributed to the lack of adequate investment in power generation projects and power transmission interconnector projects, this research report was limited to the development and financing of power transmission interconnector projects. The objective of this research report was to identify the dynamics that prohibit regional power transmission interconnectors from reaching financial close and to recommend possible solutions on how best to develop and package these projects. The research used the proposed developmental approach of the ZIZABONA transmission interconnector project as a case study to develop a generic model that could be utilised on other regional transmission interconnector projects. Based on the research presented in this research report, the study has highlighted project finance as a viable funding strategy. Regional utilities can utilise this funding strategy to package and finance joint transmission regional interconnectors to alleviate the current regional power shortages by facilitating regional electricity trade.
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Prinsloo, M. J. "Fundamentals of techniques and principles used to enhance the value of capital projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52279.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "Imagine improving the value of a capital project by 30%, or increasing the throughput of an organisation with 20% less capital expenditure!" The normal reaction to this sort of statement is that it is impossible and only looks good on paper. However, by applying proper principles and techniques, an organisation or project team can embark on a journey which will allow them to creatively apply those skills and knowledge in order to maximise the value of the organisation, project or venture. It will allow business to evaluate and extract value by analysing business cases, process- and engineering design issues, project development and implementation plans. Too frequently project teams find themselves tied up with the nitty gritty issues of projects, causing them to loose sight of the bigger picture. The existence hereof of this is often indicated by too much focus on actions to reduce capital expenditure and too little on the impact thereof on operational cost and value adding potential, destroying overall value of the venture in the process. This aim with this document is to provide the reader with an overview of tools, techniques and principles to aid organisations to enhance the value of capital projects. It is not intended as a handbook or manual to enable the reader to become a skilled practitioner in this field, but rather to give the interested novice, general manager or project leader a background overview of, and insight into, the steps, tools, techniques and principles available, to improve the value of a project. The basic fundamentals are not rocket science, but it is the process of becoming involved in applying lateral thinking to each phase of a project, or existing operation that unlocks the true value. This document firstly gives background on the reasons why value adding potential usually exists in capital projects, and identifies tell tale indicators of hidden value opportunities in projects. Basic fundamentals are discussed to familiarise the reader with general concepts used in later chapters. Subsequently, the steps for execution of a value improving intervention are discussed, to give the reader a thorough background and understanding of the value improving processes involved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Verbeter die waarde van 'n kapitaal projek met 30%, of verhoog die deurset van 'n organisasie met 20% minder kapitaal spandering!" Die verwagte reaksie op hierdie tipe stellings is dat dit onmoontlik is en net goed lyk op papier. Die aanwending van toepaslike beginsels en tegnieke kan 'n organisasie egter in staat stel om daardie vaardighede en kennis, waaroor hulle reeds beskik, te benut om die waarde van die organisasie of projek te maksimeer. Dit kan besighede toelaat om waarde te evalueer en te ontsluit deur besigheidsplanne, proses- en ontwerp aangeleenthede, projek ontwikkeling en implementeringsplanne te analiseer, te verstaan en te verbeter. Te dikwels bemoei projekspanne hulle met die detail van projekte, wat veroorsaak dat hulle die groter prentjie uit die oog verloor. Die teenwoordigheid hiervan word veral aangedui deur te veel fokus op aksies om kapitaal spandering te verminder, en te min op resulterende bedryfskoste en waarde skeppende potensiaal te konsentreer. Hierdeur word die algehele waarde waartoe die projek instaat is ondermyn. Die doel met hierdie dokument is om 'n oorsig te gee na die gereedskap, tegnieke en beginsels wat beskikbaar is ter ondersteuning van organisasies wat die waarde van kapitaalprojekte wil verbeter. Dit is nie bedoel om 'n handboek of voorskrif te wees om die leser instaat te stel om 'n vaardige verbeteringspraktisyn te word nie, maar eerder om aan die geinteresseerde leek, projekbestuurder of algemene bestuurder agtergrond en insig te gee oor die stappe, gereedskap, tegnieke en beginsels wat beskikbaar is om die waarde van 'n projek te verhoog. Die grondbeginsels is nie kwantumfisika nie, maar behels 'n proses om betrokke te raak in die toepassing van laterale denke en kreatiwiteit in elke fase van 'n projek of besigheid, om die werklike waarde te ontsluit. Hierdie dokument gee eerstens agtergrond oor die redes waarom potensiaal vir waarde toevoeging in kapitaalprojekte bestaan, en identifiseer 'n aantal indikators van die teenwoordigheid van verskuilde waarde aan. Grondbeginsels wat in verdere hoofstukke gebruik word, word bespreek en toegelig. Daarna word die stappe ter uitvoering van 'n waarde verhogingsintervensie bespreek, om 'n deeglike agtergrond te verkry van die betrokke proses.
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Njoku, Anthony Iroegbu. "Evaluation of the impact of adherence to project governance principles on the outcome of large infrastructure projects implemented in developing economies, with Nigeria as an example." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13823.
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There is a strong perception that large infrastructure projects (LIPs) implemented in developing economies fail to meet their original estimations and specifications more than those implemented in developed economies. This situation results in weak infrastructural development in developing economies, which, has been associated with the poor industrial development in these countries. A literature review confirms that LIPs implemented in Nigeria failed to meet their original estimations and specifications more frequently than LIP implemented in countries such as UK or USA. The root causes identified in the review were mostly related to lack of project governance. Thus, a study of six LIP cases implemented in Nigeria was carried out. Data was generated from 30 senior management staff; 5 from each LIP; using interviews and questionnaires and a weak positivist philosophy was used in analysing this data. The analysis focused on identifying three factors; the adherence level to PGPs; the adherence to Project Management (PM) common practices; and impact of external factors on LIPs. The analysis shows that in projects with strong governance there was a tendency to use more project management tools and techniques and they performed better in meeting the original estimations of time, cost and performance against specification. The analysis also indicates that political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) factors have adverse effect on adherence to PGPs in Nigeria. This indicates that adhering to PGPs can help in improving the outcome of LIPs implemented in Nigeria, if PEST factors are controlled.
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Njoku, Anthony I. "Evaluation of the impact of adherence to project governance principles on the outcome of large infrastructure projects implemented in developing economies with Nigeria as an example." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13823.
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There is a strong perception that large infrastructure projects (LIPs) implemented in developing economies fail to meet their original estimations and specifications more than those implemented in developed economies. This situation results in weak infrastructural development in developing economies, which, has been associated with the poor industrial development in these countries. A literature review confirms that LIPs implemented in Nigeria failed to meet their original estimations and specifications more frequently than LIP implemented in countries such as UK or USA. The root causes identified in the review were mostly related to lack of project governance. Thus, a study of six LIP cases implemented in Nigeria was carried out. Data was generated from 30 senior management staff; 5 from each LIP; using interviews and questionnaires and a weak positivist philosophy was used in analysing this data. The analysis focused on identifying three factors; the adherence level to PGPs; the adherence to Project Management (PM) common practices; and impact of external factors on LIPs. The analysis shows that in projects with strong governance there was a tendency to use more project management tools and techniques and they performed better in meeting the original estimations of time, cost and performance against specification. The analysis also indicates that political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) factors have adverse effect on adherence to PGPs in Nigeria.
This indicates that adhering to PGPs can help in improving the outcome of LIPs implemented in Nigeria, if PEST factors are controlled.
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Miles, Lana. "Die toepassing van projekbestuursbeginsels in die proses van plaasarbeiderbemagtiging / L. Miles." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/482.
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There are more or less 900 000 farm workers in South Africa. Among these
approximately 600 000 are permanently employed, while the rest are seasonal workers.
It is estimated that six to seven million people are currently living on farms, which
implies that up to seven people are dependent on the wages of a single farm worker. In
order to improve the situation of farm workers, the Department of Labour implemented
the minimum wage system for farm workers on 1 March 2003.
The argument is posed, however, that many farm workers would lose their jobs because
of the sectoral stipulations. Unemployment has far-reaching consequences. Farm
workers who have lived on farms before, have to resettle and adapt to new social
structures, such as community structures and new codes of conduct. In order to adapt
to social change, it is argued that training agencies could use project management as a
suitable management tool to launch empowering interventions.
The analysis of the social conditions in which farm workers find themselves ought to be
undertaken on the basis of a specific theory on changes. From this perspective certain
theories of social change have been identified. Empowerment is discussed as a process
of change. This means an increase in influence and control by acquiring knowledge and
skills by means of the necessary training. While theorists on conflict view conflict as the
main driving force in change, empowerment is considered to be the process by means
of which change can be managed effectively.
For the rest the principles of project management are discussed to show that the project
cycle is based on project management principles. If project management principles and
the project cycle are applied as yardsticks during an empowerment project, the chances
of being successful will be much better than when launching an unstructured and
unplanned project.
The most important conclusion to be made from this research is that the management
of change by means of empowerment projects is of decisive importance to unemployed
farm workers. Empowerment projects for unemployed farm workers are the first steps in
the direction of effective management of social change and sustainable development in
South Africa.Thesis (M. Ontwikkeling en Bestuur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Martinez, Mabell Jeannette. "Moving traditional teaching methods of advanced placement biology toward improving opportunity for students to develop understanding of scientific principles." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2972.
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This project investigated the role of the advanced placement program in the classroom. The research suggested that implementation of inquiry-based methods in science classrooms, including advanced placement biology courses, would improve student understanding.
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Landgraf, Andrew J. "Generalized Principal Component Analysis: Dimensionality Reduction through the Projection of Natural Parameters." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437610558.
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Moore, II Kenneth Ray. "Teachers' and Principals' Perceptions Regarding the Implementation of Project Based Learning." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6626.
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The majority of teachers in a medium-sized, rural, low socioeconomic high school in the U.S. state of Arkansas were not implementing mandated project-based learning (PjBL) or were not implementing the method with fidelity, which was problematic because students may not have been reaping benefits associated with the method. The reasons underlying those conditions were not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which was reflected in the study's 2 main research questions, was to better understand why teachers at the focus school were not implementing PjBL or were not implementing PjBL with fidelity and to generate potential solutions for improving teacher implementation of PjBL. Concepts from Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of planned behavior, Bandura's self-efficacy theory, and Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory served as a foundation for understanding the conceptual framework in this study, teacher behavior. In this generic qualitative study, data were collected from 28 teachers using an online anonymous qualitative survey, and from 3 principals using a focus group. Documents from faculty and personnel meetings did not yield usable data. Open and axial coding were used to analyze the survey and focus group data. Results showed that teachers may not implement PjBL or may not implement it with fidelity because (a) they are not knowledgeable about PjBL, (b) they have a negative attitude toward PjBL, (c) they do not feel confident in their ability to implement PjBL, (d) they are not motivated to implement PjBL, and/or (e) they do not have the needed supports to implement PjBL. Results of this study could be used by stakeholders to improve teacher implementation of PjBL at the focus school, which could lead to positive social change in the form of improved student engagement, motivation, and achievement.
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Grierson, Hilary J. "Towards principles and project memories for distributed-design information storing in engineering design education." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13208.
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Swanepoel, Christiaan Johannes. "Setting up and running a virtual company, using sound project management principles and techniques." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53586.
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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The differentiating factor of the twenty-first century will not be the size and scope of a company's resources, the global economy makes it possible for almost every organisation to gain access to any resources. It will also not be about possessing the intellectual capital, knowledge, and expertise but the ability to source it. To be the best a company can no longer afford to specialise in every aspect of its business, and purchasing everything that might become obsolete in a while is not an option. More and more companies outsouree some of their non-core activities, leveraging the investments others made by taking advantage of the outsourcing partner's skills, in order to concentrate on their core competencies. Continuing to perform an activity in-house, while not being the best in the world at it is to forfeit competitive advantage. By outsourcing to the best, the company can use the time saved to concentrate on its core competencies and probably save some money in the process. An organisation can further also only grow at the rate at which it can expand its capacity when it is carrying out all functions internal, possibly costing valuable market share. It is not merely a question of whether the benefits outweigh the costs of outsourcing but rather a question of whether outsourcing is the right strategy for one's specific situation and whether the outsourcing contracts can be designed, implemented and managed in such a way that the benefits do exceed the costs. Constant organisational change and -alteration is a given. Stable organisational structures are something of the past. Networks are formed according to the skills required for the job at hand and once the project is complete the network will disband. Activities are outsourced to the best candidates and coordinated or managed by a project manager or -coordinator. Prepared or not, the virtual revolution has arrived. Two of the main drivers of organisational change and the consequent emergence of the virtual organisation are (1) the changing market conditions - different customer requirements will have different skill needs, and demand will dictate the formation of the virtual organisation; and (2) the fast development of Information and Communication Technology - with the latter changing virtually every site with access into a surrogate office. With the latest technological developments, even the excuse of not having access is becoming a lame one. A virtual organisation's strategy involves a substantial amount of outsourced activities and sometimes even total outsourcing. Every outsourced activity in turn is handled as a project or a task of a project, making a virtual organisation a project-driven one. Running a virtual venture is therefore all about coordinating and managing outsourced projects, and a company's expertise in doing this will determine its success or failure. Sound project management principles and techniques, discussed in this dissertation, can be used to not only start up a virtual company, but also to run it.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderskeidingsfaktor van die een-en-twintigste eeu sal nie die grootte en die omvang van 'n maatskappy se hulpbronne wees nie, want die globale ekonomie maak dit vir bykans elke organisasie moontlik om toegang te verkry tot enige hulpbron. Dit sal ook nie gaan oor die besit van intellektuele kapitaal, kennis en kundigheid nie, maar die vermoë om dit te bekom. Om die beste te wees, sal 'n maatskappy nie langer kan bekostig om in elke aspek van sy besigheid te spesialiseer nie, en die aankoop van dit wat gou in onbruik kan raak is nie 'n opsie nie. AI hoe meer maatskappye kontrakteer van hul nie-kern aktiwiteite uit, en benut daardeur die beleggings wat ander maak deur voordeel te trek uit die uitgekontrakteerde vennoot se kundigheid, om sodoende te konsentreer op hul eie kern vaardighede. Om aan te hou om aktiwiteite intern uit te voer, sonder om die wêreld se beste daarin te wees, is om die kompeterende voorsprong te versaak. Deur uit te kontrakteer aan die beste, kan die maatskappy die gespaarde tyd gebruik om te konsentreer op sy kern vaardighede en waarskynlik geld spaar in die proses. Verder kan 'n organisasie wat al sy funksies intern uitvoer, ook slegs groei teen die tempo waarteen dit sy kapasiteit kan uitbrei, waarskynlik ten koste van waardevolle markaandeel. Dit gaan nie net oor die vraag of die voordele verbonde aan uitkontraktering opweeg teen die nadele daaraan verbonde nie, maar eerder of uitkontraktering die regte strategie vir die spesifieke situasie is en of uitkontraktering ooreenkomste so ontwerp, geïmplementeer en bestuur kan word dat die voordele die nadele oorskry. Voortdurende organisatoriese verandering en -wysiging is 'n gegewe. Stabiele organisatoriese strukture is iets van die verlede. Netwerke word gevorm volgens die vaardighede wat benodig word vir die werk op hande en sodra die projek voltooi is ontbind die netwerk. Aktiwiteite word uitgekontrakteer aan die beste kandidate en gekoordineer of bestuur deur 'n projekbestuurder of -koërdlneerder. Die virtuele revolusie het aangebreek, of ons nou gereed is daarvoor of nie. Twee hoof dryfvere agter organisatoriese verandering en die gevolglike totstandkoming van die virtuele organisasie, is (1) veranderende marktoestande - verskillende kliëntbehoeftes sal verskillende vaardighede vereis, en aanvraag sal die vorming van die virtuele organisasie dikteer; en (2) vinnige ontwikkeling van Informasie en Kommunikasie Tegnologie - met laasgenoemde wat bykans elke plek met web toegang verander na In surrogaat kantoor. Met die nuutste tegnologiese ontwikkeling sal selfs die verskoning van nie toegang hê nie In flou een word. Die strategie van In virtuele organisasie behels In aansienlike hoeveelheid uitgekontrakteerde aktiwiteite en soms selfs algehele uitkontraktering. Elke uitgekontrakteerde aktiwiteit word op sy beurt hanteer as In projek of In sub-taak van In projek, en dit maak van virtuele organisasie projek gedrewe organisasies. Die bestuur van In virtuele onderneming is dus gebaseer op die koordinering en bestuur van uitgekontrakteerde projekte, en In maatskappy se kundigheid hierin sal sy suksesse of mislukkings bepaal. Goeie projek bestuur beginsels en tegnieke, bespreek in hierdie verhandeling, kan gebruik word om nie net In virtuele maatskappy op die been te bring nie, maar ook om dit te bestuur.
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Cerbach, Caroline, and Sofie Wedin. "How to obtain and measure sustainability within project organization." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21755.
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Theewaterskloof is a community with several faces. Situated right outside Cape Town, South Africa, the community of Theewaterskloof is distinguished by a low socio-economic standard. Housing and jobs are the main issues that concern the inhabitants of Theewaterskloof. Since 2004 the Theewaterskloof Development Project is run by students and by the Theewaterskloof Development Project Organization. The overall project aims are Service-Learning for students and sustainable rural community development, which in turn should result in increased entrepreneurship, work opportunities and self-sufficiency for the inhabitants in Theewaterskloof.With the complex conditions that characterize the project we found it very valuable to have a sustainable organization representing a strong base and clear concept. We came to understand that the power and motivation to make changes within the organization lies within the organization itself. With this in mind we began researching the project by interviewing involved parties and observing the project in field. The first conclusion we made was that the aims of the Theewaterskloof Development Project in theory and practice were not coherent. We then came to focus on areas within the organization that we perceived to be complex. As a result four themes were identified and processed; 1) Communication, cohesion and will to co-operate, 2) Project office, administration, organization and project management, 3) Enjoyable work assignments, the importance of every person involved and clearer vision on what every person is contributing with, and 4) Clear vision and aim, clarify the purpose of the whole project and clarify the approach to reach the aims. To simplify the themes and make them more applicable we came to our second conclusion; the need of finding a suitable approach for transforming the themes into normative principles. This approach is presented as the Seven Step Approach in which the results are four normative principles; Communication, Project management, Motivation and Strategy, all important for a sustainable organization and the further development of the project. As a final outcome we produced a guide with the base of the Seven Step Approach suited to fit the needs and conditions of Theewaterskloof Development Project. The guide has the purpose of assisting the project organization in achieving the principles to better reach the aims of the project.
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Carlsson, Carolin, and Jan Sonedahl. "Den motiverande projektledaren : Vad projektledare anser vara viktigt för att motivera projektdeltagare." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67249.
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Projekt som arbetsform är vanligt för de flesta idag. Det är projektledaren som är ledaren av projektet och har som ansvar att se till att projektmålet uppnås, arbetsuppgifterna fördelas, skapa engagemang och motivera projektdeltagarna. En projektledare har oftast goda kunskaper om hur man på bästa sätt vägleder en projektgrupp genom olika projektfaser för att uppnå goda projektresultat och vilka framgångsfaktorer projektledare ska fokusera på. En framgångsfaktor som ofta inte prioriteras är hur motiverade projektmedlemmarna är. Vad är det som gör att individer gör sitt bästa och hur får man dem till det? Motiverade individer presterar bättre. En ledares beteende kan påverka en individs motivation och därmed även individens prestation. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om vad projektledare fokuserar på idag när det kommer till att skapa motiverade projektmedlemmar. Det kan vara en väg framåt i utformningen av utbildningar som berör hur ledare arbetar med motivation. För att svara på studiens forskningsfråga har vi intervjuat sex projektledare utifrån en intervjuguide för att ta reda på vad de anser motivera sina projektmedlemmar. Svaren från projektledarna har analyserat och sju handlingar som anses motivera har tagits fram och sedan analyserats utifrån Amabiles progressprincip (Amabile & Kramer 2011b). Progressprincipen visar att viktigast är att individer upplever progress för att känna sig motiverad. Våra resultat tyder på att de projektledare som ingått i studien inte har förstått det. Utifrån vår analys kan vi se att respondenterna fokuserar minst på att underlätta progress för projektmedlemmarna. Det bekräftar resultaten från en undersökning (Amabile & Kramer 2011b) där ledare fått rangordna effekterna av fem faktorer som kan inverka på de anställdas motivation och känslor under arbetet. Projektledarna som intervjuats i den här studien fokuserar mest på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i arbetsteamet när de ska motivera sina projektmedlemmar. Nyckelord: Motivation, Projektledning, Progress Principle, Inner Work Life.Projects as a work form is common for most people today. The project manager is the leader of the project and has the responsibility to ensure achieving the goals of the project, to allocate the tasks, create engagement and motivate participants in the project. A project manager usually has good knowledge about the best way to guide a project team through different project phases to achieve sufficient project results. A success factor that is often not a priority is how motivated project members are. What makes people doing their best and how do you get them to it? Motivated people perform better. A leader's behavior can affect an individual's motivation, and thus also the individual's performance. The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about what project managers focus on today when it comes to creating motivated project members. It can be a way forward in the design of education that concerns how manager’s work with motivation. In order to answer the study's research question, we have interviewed six project managers based on an interview guide to find out what they consider to motivate their project members. We have analyzed the responses from the project managers and we developed seven actions, which were considered to enhance motivation. These were analyzed using The Progress Principle (Amabile & Kramer 2011b). The Progress Principle shows that the most important thing is that individuals experience progress to be motivated. Our results indicate that the project managers included in the study have not understood it. Based on our analysis, we can see that facilitating project members’ experience of progress, is the area least in focus. This confirms the results of a survey (Amabile & Kramer 2011b) where leaders have ranked the effects of five factors that can affect employee motivation and emotions during the work. The project leaders interviewed in this study focus mostly on the psychosocial work environment, when motivating their project members. Keywords: Motivation, Project Management, Progress Principle, Inner Work Life
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Kaijser, Jonathan. "Try to see it my way : Towards a multi-actor perspective in the project owner-manager relationship." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19731.
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Project management involves many different actors. Rather than solely looking at those actors as individuals, the interaction between them should not be forgotten either. This thesis tries to provide a better understanding of one specific type of interaction: the project owner-manager relationship. This relationship is approached as the dyadic interaction between one project manager and one project owner. Previous studies indicate that project owners and project managers depend on one another, but that they can have diverging perspectives as well. The goal of this study is to get a deeper understanding of how these different perspectives can influence the success of the project-owner relationship. In order to achieve this understanding, a multiple case study involving 8 project owner-manager relationships was employed. Both project owners and project managers were interviewed, in order to get closer to a multi-actor perspective. The results show that there are both similarities and differences between the perspectives of these actors. However, a lack of understanding between these perspectives can cause the project owner-manager relationship fail. In the end, the potential effects of this relationship cannot and should not be ignored, as this study shows that it can be the difference between project success and project failure. Therefore, in a world that is ever more dominated by projects, this thesis has multiple practical and scientific implications.
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Phan, Tran Duc Minh. "Une méthode de dualité pour des problèmes non convexes du Calcul des Variations." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0006/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions un principe général de convexification permettant de traiter certainsproblèmes variationnels non convexes sur Rd. Grâce à ce principe nous pouvons mettre en oeuvre lespuissantes techniques de dualité et ramener de tels problèmes à des formulations de type primal–dualdans Rd+1, rendant ainsi efficace la recherche numérique de minima globaux. Une théorie de ladualité et des champs de calibration est reformulée dans le cas de fonctionnelles à croissance linéaire.Sous certaines hypothèses, cela nous permet de généraliser un principe d’exclusion découvert parVisintin dans les années 1990 et de réduire le problème initial à la minimisation d’une fonctionnelleconvexe sur Rd. Ce résultat s’applique notamment à une classe de problèmes à frontière libre oumulti-phasique donnant lieu à des tests numériques très convaincants au vu de la qualité des interfacesobtenues. Ensuite nous appliquons la théorie des calibrations à un problème classique de surfacesminimales avec frontière libre et établissons de nouveaux résultats de comparaison avec sa varianteoù la fonctionnelle des surfaces minimales est remplacée par la variation totale. Nous généralisonsla notion de calibrabilité introduite par Caselles-Chambolle et Al. et construisons explicitementune solution duale pour le problème associé à la seconde fonctionnelle en utilisant un potentiellocalement Lipschitzien lié à la distance au cut-locus. La dernière partie de la thèse est consacrée auxalgorithmes d’optimisation de type primal-dual pour la recherche de points selle, en introduisant denouvelles variantes plus efficaces en précision et temps calcul. Nous avons en particulier introduit unevariante semi-implicite de la méthode d’Arrow-Hurwicz qui permet de réduire le nombre d’itérationsnécessaires pour obtenir une qualité satisfaisante des interfaces. Enfin nous avons traité la nondifférentiabilité structurelle des Lagrangiens utilisés à l’aide d’une méthode géométrique de projectionsur l’épigraphe offrant ainsi une alternative aux méthodes classiques de régularisationIn this thesis, we study a general principle of convexification to treat certain non convex variationalproblems in Rd. Thanks to this principle we are able to enforce the powerful duality techniques andbring back such problems to primal-dual formulations in Rd+1, thus making efficient the numericalsearch of a global minimizer. A theory of duality and calibration fields is reformulated in the caseof linear-growth functionals. Under suitable assumptions, this allows us to revisit and extend anexclusion principle discovered by Visintin in the 1990s and to reduce the original problem to theminimization of a convex functional in Rd. This result is then applied successfully to a class offree boundary or multiphase problems that we treat numerically obtaining very accurate interfaces.On the other hand we apply the theory of calibrations to a classical problem of minimal surfaceswith free boundary and establish new results related to the comparison with its variant where theminimal surfaces functional is replaced by the total variation. We generalize the notion of calibrabilityintroduced by Caselles-Chambolle and Al. and construct explicitly a dual solution for the problemassociated with the second functional by using a locally Lipschitzian potential related to the distanceto the cut-locus. The last part of the thesis is devoted to primal-dual optimization algorithms forthe search of saddle points, introducing new more efficient variants in precision and computationtime. In particular, we experiment a semi-implicit variant of the Arrow-Hurwicz method whichallows to reduce drastically the number of iterations necessary to obtain a sharp accuracy of theinterfaces. Eventually we tackle the structural non-differentiability of the Lagrangian arising fromour method by means of a geometric projection method on the epigraph, thus offering an alternativeto all classical regularization methods
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Lambert, Aliette Victoria. "Cultural intelligibility of anxiety : young women, consumer culture, and the 'project' of the self." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25667.
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This thesis critically explores the role of consumer culture in young women’s understanding of self. Drawing on media and cultural studies literature as well as post-structuralist and critical perspectives, this study asks: how does consumer culture guide or influence a young woman’s way-of-being in everyday life? Despite arguments that consumer culture, underpinned by neoliberal principles of personal responsibility and individualism, has become the institution of reference for young women, consumer research on the experiences of women, and from feminist perspectives, is generally sparse. Moreover, claims that consumer culture may covertly subjugate young women by encouraging practices of self regulation are in contention with consumer research that emphasises consumption as a means of self-expression and agency. Therefore, a qualitative, feminist study was conducted in which, over 18 months, fifteen women, aged 20 to 34, engaged in multiple in-depth interviews. The data generation process typically consisted of four interviews over a nine-month period: the first interview covering life history and background was followed by an in-home ‘show-and-tell’ interview about the participant’s ‘stuff’. The third interview addressed participants’ engagement with digital technologies also through a ‘show-and-tell’ approach and the final interview was semi-structured, addressing themes emerging from previous interviews. This generated 50 interviews lasting two hours on average, as well as data from observation, photographs and engagement with social network sites. From a critical thematic analysis, four significant findings emerged. Firstly, in relation to being a woman, participants felt pressure to ‘have it all’ in terms of both traditional (e.g., getting married, raising children, being attractive) and progressive (e.g., achieving career success) ideals. Whilst some disagreed that women continue to be subjugated, most participants experienced a sense of mounting pressure and expectations compared to men and subscribed to neoliberal principles of personal responsibility in combatting gender inequality. Secondly, participants reflexively experienced being a consumer as an unavoidable, often burdensome and anxiety-provoking position that encouraged the making of the self through appearance, as well as adherence to hegemonic feminine ideals. A consumer orientation was further reinforced by increasingly pervasive digital spaces, particularly social media, infused with advertising and consumption. From this, a third finding emerged related to the understanding of self: participants often experienced or expressed a sense of self as a task, an individualistic project for which they felt responsible. Constantly comparing themselves to others to benchmark the project of the self, participants worked to continually craft a story of success and agency despite unpredictability of the life course and contradictory events sometimes conspiring. Moreover, participants who did not feel they had achieved career goals placed greater emphasis on crafting an ideal appearance. The fourth finding addresses the importance of others in understanding the self. Rather than experiencing an ‘identity’ as formed individually, participants looked to others (e.g., family, peers, media, ideologies) to understand the self. Focusing on the opinions of others was associated with anxiety, which varied in degree but was part of all participant accounts. This study suggests that consumer culture is indeed an institution of reference for young women as they experience a sense of self through consumption practices, increasingly digitally mediated. In this sense, the findings align with theorisations in consumer research. However, for the participants of this study, the experience of living the subject position ‘consumer’ is anxiety provoking, particularly in light of postfeminist, neoliberal discourses that encourage experiencing the self as a ‘project’ for which the individual is responsible. As reflected in the data, a self-as-project orientation triggered anxiety given disjointedness between the desire to manage or control the self fostered by dominant discourses, and the impossibility of doing so as reflected by lived experience. This positioning engendered alienation from the self and therefore anxiety that was further sparked by increasing individualism and competition with others; feelings of shame and envy; and a forward-looking temporal positioning. Therefore, findings suggest that consumer research’s conceptualisations of ‘identity’ as a ‘project’ in which individuals can express themselves through marketplace resources is problematic, if not further perpetuating the subjugation of women by rendering them as ‘free’ to consume their way into being. This calls into question individual agency and the role of cultural influences in the making of subjects. Therefore, findings suggest that, from an emancipatory perspective, consumer research examining processes of subject constitution might be more productive to understandings ‘identity’ and the ‘self’ in a particular space and time, with attention to implicit power relations.