Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Projeto RADAM'

A manutenção dos ecossistemas florestais da Amazônia é, sem dúvida, de suma importância para preservação da biodiversidade do planeta. Utilizar e avaliar dados de última geração que forneçam informações sobre estes ecossistemas torna-se então fundamental para o gerenciamento dos mesmos. Projeto pioneiro realizado na década de 1970, o RADAM teve como objetivo levantar, a partir de imagens de RADAR obtidas na banda X, informações sobre os recursos naturais da Amazônia. O avanço dos sistemas sensores baseados nas tecnologias de RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging), com a introdução de plataformas capazes de imagear a superfície em comprimentos de onda maiores e em mais de uma polarização, trouxe uma nova perspectiva no campo de estudo destes recursos. Este trabalho emergiu a partir da constatação da necessidade, e possibilidade, de se obter informações mais precisas e atualizadas sobre o ambiente amazônico, levando em conta, inclusive, a velocidade das transformações que recaem sobre essa região. O objetivo primário do estudo foi analisar o potencial das imagens produzidas pelos radares de abertura sintética (SAR) nas bandas L e nas polarizações HH, HV e VV, na avaliação de tipologias vegetais da porção leste da Ilha de Marajó. Entendemos que essa pequena parcela do ambiente amazônico nos cede uma chave de padrões de classificação que podem ser replicados em outras regiões da Amazônia Legal, ou mesmo, em novos projetos de mapeamento similares ao RADAM. Os resultados obtidos por meio de análises das imagens de radar e através do estudo de diversas propostas de classificação fitogeográfica, evidenciaram um alto potencial de utilização destes recursos, bem como a possibilidade de avançarmos na escala de análise, produzindo mapeamentos de maior detalhe e mais abrangentes do ponto de vista das classes vegetais. A tecnologia para incrementar o mapeamento da região amazônica, de forma mais criteriosa e precisa, já existe há algum tempo e está disponível às instituições nacionais. Dar esse salto, importantíssimo para o conhecimento, preservação e monitoramento daquele que é considerado hoje o bioma mais importante do mundo, só depende de uma mudança nos critérios e de uma atualização das ferramentas usadas até o momento.
The maintenance of forest ecosystems in the Amazon is undoubtedly of great importance to the preservation of the planets biodiversity. The utilization and analysis of last generation data about these ecosystems become fundamental for their management. A pioneer project in the 1970 decade, the RADAM project had the objective of gathering information about Amazon natural resources from RADAR images obtained in the band X. The progress in sensor systems based on RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) technologies, with the introduction of platforms capable of imaging the surface in bigger wavelengths and in more than one polarization, brought a new perspective in the study area of these resources. This work emerged from the constatation of the need and possibility of obtaining more precise and updated information about the Amazon environment, inclusive considering the speed of the transformations that occur in this region. The primary objective of the study was to analyze the potential of the produced images by Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) in bands L and in polarizations HH, HV and VV, for the evaluation of vegetal typology of the east portion of Marajo Island. We understand that this little portion of the Amazon environment gives us a key of classification patterns that can be reapplied in other regions of Legal Amazon, or even in new mapping projects similar to RADAM. The results obtained from radar images analysis and through the study of several propositions for phytogeographic classification evidenced a high potential for the utilization of these resources, as well as the possibility of making progresses in the analysis scale, producing more detailed and comprehensive mappings from the point of view of vegetal classes. The technology to improve the mapping of Amazon region in a more criterious and precise manner has already existed for some time now and is available for national institutions. Making this leap, greatly important to knowledge, preservation and monitoring of what is considered the most important biome in the world only depends on a change in criteria and an updating of the tools that have been used up to this moment.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Vessel Traffic Management System is a cooperative effort of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center and the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, funded by the OSD's Test Technology Development and Demonstration Program. The project is establishing the capability to acquire ship tracking information from numerous sources (GPS and radar target extractors), and combine them into a comprehensive, integrated view of the range safety target area. The consolidated tracking information will be transmitted to range safety vessel personnel and presented on portable display systems to aid in clearing the surveillance area of unauthorized vessels. The communications module is media independent in that positional and image data can be routed via RF modem, cellular phone, Intranet or Internet, singly or in any combination. The software systems for data acquisition, display and control are also platform independent, with the system under development operating under WindowsNT and Windows95. Additionally, the use of Java and VRML tools permits a user to display data (including three dimensional presentations of the data) without requiring the applications software. This system has numerous applications including range safety, commercial vessel traffic management, port authority and services monitoring, and oceanographic data gathering.

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Capes
A linha de instabilidade (LI) Amazônica que atingiu Belém, em 08 de junho de 2008, foi monitorada e analisada por meio de medições de superfície, altitude, satélite e radar. A LI foi identificada, inicialmente, através de imagens do satélite GOES 12. O evento ocorreu durante a campanha de Belém, do Projeto CHUVA, que foi realizada durante o período de 01-30 junho de 2011, durante máxima ocorrência das linhas de instabilidades na região. Através da análise dos dados pluviométricos disponíveis percebe-se que a chuva associada à linha de instabilidade do dia 08 corresponde, aproximadamente, 29% da precipitação acumulada durante todo o experimento. A LI foi monitorada pelo radar meteorológico Banda - XPOL e permitiu a avaliação dinâmica e microfísica do sistema. Esta ultima realizada por meio da classificação de hidrometeoros com as variáveis polarimétricas. As variáveis utilizadas foram: refletividade horizontal (Zh, dBZ), refletividade diferencial (Zdr, dB), fase diferencial específica (Kdp, ° km-1), coeficiente de correlação (ρhv) e, por fim, se realizou a classificação dos hidrometeoros. O sistema apresentou fortes núcleos de refletividade que indicam a região convectiva. Esta parte da LI também é caracterizada por colunas com, relativamente, fortes Zdr e Kdp. A co-localização de colunas de Zh, Zdr e Kdp sugerem que esta é uma zona de elevada concentração de gotas de chuva com um tamanho considerável. A classificação dos hidrometeoros apresentou um resultado bem condizente com o que pode ser observado por outros pesquisadores e com as características microfísicas de outros sistemas convectivos.
A squall line (SL) Amazon, which reached Belém on June 8, 2008, was monitored and analyzed by means of surface measurements, altitude, satellite and radar. The SL was identified initially through the satellite GOES 12 images. The event was during the campaign of Belém, the Chuva Project, which was held during the period 01-30 June 2011, during maximum occurrence of squall line in the region. Through the analysis of available rainfall data we can see that the rain associated with the squall line the day 08 corresponds to approximately 29% of rainfall accumulated during all the experiment. The LI was monitored by weather radar Band - X POL and allowed the dynamic evaluation and microphysics of the system. The latter performed by hydrometeors classification with variables polarimetric. The variables used were: horizontal reflectivity (Zh, dBZ), differential reflectivity (Zdr, dB), specific differential phase (Kdp, ° km -1), correlation coefficient (ρhv) and, finally, was held the classification of hydrometeors. The system showed strong core of reflectivity indicating the convective region. This part of LI is also characterized by columns relatively strong Zdr and Kdp. The co-location columns Zh, Zdr and Kdp suggest that this is an area of high concentration of raindrops with a considerable size. The classification of hydrometeors presented the result well consistent with which can be observed by other researchers and the microphysical characteristics of other convective systems.

Orientador: Jose Antenor Pomilio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Descreve-se neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de uma topologia de modulador de pulso estado-sólido e a linha de retardo modular, para aplicação em transmissores pulsados de alta potência que utilizem válvulas de microondas magnetron empregadas comumente em radares de trajetografia, meteorologia e controle de tráfego aéreo. A pesquisa abrange o projeto, desenvolvimento e construção de um modulador de pulso destinado à modernização do transmissor do radar de trajetografia Bearn do Centro de Lançamentos de Foguetes da Barreira do Inferno, Natal -RN. O equipamento desenvolvido fornece pulsos de até 37,5kV e 60A em três modos de transmissão, a saber: monopulso longo, monopulso curto e bipulso. No modo monopulso longo, a largura de pulso é de 1,7µs e nos outros dois modos, 0,85µs. A taxa de repetição dos pulsos é de 585,5Hz. A unidade de modulação de pulso consiste de oito módulos de chaveamento em paralelo, conectados ao primário de um transformador de pulso de razão 1:50. Cada módulo contém dois trechos de linha de retardo e duas chaves estado-sólido e é capaz de gerar pulsos de até 790V e 390A nos diferentes modos de operação. A alimentação da linha de retardo é feita através de um circuito de carga composto por um indutor de alimentação e um circuito de Clipper. O indutor de alimentação faz com que a tensão de carga na linha seja dobrada em relação à tensão contínua presente na saída da fonte de alimentação de entrada, devido à ressonância série criada entre esse indutor e a capacitância total das linhas de retardo. O circuito de Clipper garante a regulação de tensão pulso a pulso e a proteção do modulador contra surto de sobre-corrente na carga e sobre-tensão nas linhas de retardo. Esta topologia foi desenvolvida para melhorar a confiabilidade e facilitar a manutenção dos transmissores de radar com a implementação do conceito de degradação suave (graceful degradation) do modulador de pulso
Abstract: This work describes the development of a modular line-type solid-state pulse modulator topology to be applied in magnetron pulsed power radar transmitters, commonly found on tracking, weather and air traffic management radars. This research includes the design, development and assembling of a pulsed modulator for the Barreira do Inferno Launching Center (CLBI, Natal-RN) Bearn tracking radar upgrade program. The equipment developed provides pulses of 37.5 KV and 60 A in three transmission modes: single long pulse, single short pulse and bipulse. In the single long pulse the pulse width is 1.7 µs and in the other modes 0.85 µs. The pulse repetition frequency is of 585.5Hz. The modulator unit is composed by eight switching modules connected in parallel with the primary windings of a 1:50 ratio pulse transformer. Each module has two pulse-forming network and two IGBT switches and it is capable of handling 790 V and 390 A in the three operational modes. An inductor and a Clipper circuit implement the pulse-forming network charging. The charging inductor allows charging the pulse-forming network with twice the supply voltage since there is a resonance with the total modulator capacitance. The Clipper circuit assures the pulse-to-pulse charging voltage regulation and protects the modulator against load over-current and over-voltage charging. This topology was developed to improve reliability and maintainability of radar transmitters by implementing the graceful degradation (soft failure mode) in the pulse modulator
Mestrado
Sistemas e Controle de Energia
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Nous présentons dans cette thèse la définition, la réalisation et les tests d'un radar V.H.F. multifréquence et multipolarisation, travaillant dans une gamme allant de 20 à 100 MHz.
Ce système dénommé M.O.S.A.R. (Maquette Orientée pour un Système d'Analyse de Résonances) a pour objectif la mesure des sections efficaces radars d'avions dans cette gamme de fréquence, afin de fournir l'ensemble des connaissances qui permettront de concevoir un futur radar opérationnel, destiné à la détection et à l'identification des cibles aériennes.
Dans un premier temps, nous définissons les caractéristiques principales du système, telles que la largeur de l'impulsion émise, la période de récurrence, le nombre de fréquences utilisées, ... . Ensuite, nous construisons un radar à impulsions, monostatique, cohérent, commandé par ordinateur, capable de mesurer et d'enregistrer les signaux rétrodiffusés par des avions. Ce système emploie deux réseaux d'antennes différents pour l'émission et la réception, chacun de ces réseaux utilisant respectivement quatre antennes log-périodiques dipolaires. Les informations relatives aux cibles (amplitude, phase et fréquence Doppler) sont ensuite extraites par une analyse spectrale non linéaire haute résolution.
Nous évaluons les performances du radar et précisons les limites du système. Enfin, des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés et confirment les choix dans la définition et la réalisation du radar.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
To help students learn the principles of microwave engineering and electromagnetic theory, labs were developed in which the students built a rail-synthetic aperture radar(SAR) and a Doppler radar. These labs gave the students practical experience in the paper design, simulation, construction, testing, and debugging of RF circuits. This paper includes a description of the design, physical construction, the basic operation, and the results from these projects.

Uma antena-radar clássica é composta basicamente de uma fonte primária justaposta a um foco refletor parabólico. A lei de iluminação é estabelecida de maneira a satisfazer, tão precisamente quanto possível, a forma do feixe desejado. É a movimentação do conjunto que garante a cobertura de exploração desejada. O presente texto estuda o projeto e desenvolvimento de um servomecanismo capaz de suportar e posicionar uma antena de radar, dentro de parâmetros e restrições definidas. Os objetivos do trabalho são: levantar e estudar os fatores relevantes para especificação de um projeto de controle de posição de uma antena-radar através de servomecanismos; apresentar uma proposta de projeto de controle de posição através de servomecanismo; propor um modelo estrutural teórico consistente do conjunto antena-radar para fins de simulação dinâmica e análise modal da estrutura, e apresentar a implantação do sistema de controle proposto num projeto real de Engenharia, para o servomecanismo de uma antena de radar meteorológico. A proposta de controle foi aplicada com êxito no Modelo de Engenharia do Radar Meteorológico Doppler RMD700S-1M, desenvolvido pelo consórcio Omnisys/Atech, que foi instalado e opera em Mogi das Cruzes/SP. O texto apresenta, de forma estruturada, os fatores relevantes que devem ser levados em consideração para o desenvolvimento de um projeto deste tipo. Como conclusões do texto, são apresentadas considerações com relação ao projeto, apontando pontos positivos e negativos do desenvolvimento.
A classical radar antenna is basically composed of a primary source mounted at the focal point of a parabolic reflector. The illumination rule is established so that the desired beam-shape is attained, as precisely as possible. The physical motion of the set guarantees the coverage of the desired volume of exploitation. The actual text studies the design and development of a servomechanism capable of supporting and positioning a radar antenna, within well-defined parameters and restrictions. The aims of the dissertation are: determination and study of relevant factors for the specification of a control system design for the positioning of a servodriven radar antenna; presentation of a servo-driven positioning control system design proposal; proposal of a consistent theoretical structural model of the radar antenna set for the purpose of dynamic simulation and modal analysis of the structure and; presentation of the implementation of the proposed control system in a real Engineering design project: a servo-driven weather radar antenna. The control propose was successfully employed at the Engineering Model of the Doppler weather radar RMD700S-1M, developed by the trust Omnisys/Atech, installed and operant at Mogi das Cruzes/SP. The text presents, in a structured form, all relevant factor that must be taken into account in the development of such design. The conclusions drawn at the end of the dissertation are considerations regarding the design, which point out faults and weak points of the development.

Le sujet de la these concerne l'etude de faisabilite d'un radar spatial pour mesurer les precipitations dans la ceinture tropicale. Le premier chapitre contient un rappel sur les methodes de mesure des precipitations depuis l'espace en general et la mesure radar en particulier. Le deuxieme chapitre est consacre a la presentation des differents algorithmes existants dans la litterature ainsi qu'au developpement, a l'analyse et a la simulation de nouveaux algorithms mis au point dans le cadre de la these. Le troisieme chapitre contient la description du concept instrumental et l'analyse des contraintes techniques et scientifiques requises pour la definition d'un radar spatial destine a une mesure quantitative des precipitations tropicales. Le quatrieme chapitre aborde brievement l'echantillonnage global des precipitations dans la ceinture tropicale, par un radar embarque sur satellite a basse altitude ( 500 km) et faible inclinaison ( 30). Le cinquieme chapitre utilise les differents elements de l'etude et les logiciels de simulations de fonctionnement du radar qui ont ete elabores, pour definir une version preliminaire du radar de la mission b. E. S. T. (bilan energetique du systeme tropical) soutenue par le c. N. E. S. Et actuellement en cours de phase a

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64).
This dissertation describes the design, implementation and testing of the Radar Digital Unit (RDU), a subsystem for the South African Synthetic Aperture Radar II (SASARII). The SASARII is an airborne demonstrator SAR system for a spaceborne SAR and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imaging radar. The demonstrator system parameters, such as bandwidth, reflect the desired spaceborne SAR parameters.

This study concerns itself with examining the degree to which Live Projects can deliver learning experiences that enable architecture students to gain specific professional practice-ready skills and capabilities currently perceived to be lacking within the existing school curriculum - (1) collaborative interaction within and between inter-disciplinary teams, (2) participatory engagement with clients & civic concerns and the (3) capability to manage emergent ambiguities in risk exposure & decision-making –and as a consequence examine (4) how embryonic Live Project assessment rudiments might contribute to this acquisition? Architects are under increased pressure to demonstrate the value of their contribution within the process of building design and construction. They are tasked with working effectively in teams, collaborating effectively with clients and end users and to cope with growing levels of risk and liability, uncertainty and ambiguity, often requiring greater creative leadership and commercial risk-taking in order to succeed. The need for architects to acquire three skillsets to cope with these conditions imposes changing expectations around the architect's role in practice and places increased pressure upon schools of Architecture to ensure their students are equipped with gaining these skillsets. The question emerges as to whether a less-established teaching model – Live Projects - might be able to deliver skills that will not only respond to, but also endure the ongoing changes within professional practice? And if so, in relation to what skillsets? In contrast to other research enquiries concerning Live Projects and literature concerning architectural education in general, this thesis gathered evidence from a highly diverse range of sources – including data on emergent economic and industrial trends outside of the construction sector - as a means to define what the most valuable skillsets might be. For schools of architecture, the specific challenge is to not only to work out how to teach these skillsets but to design and then assess learning activities that facilitate and reward their acquisition. Subsequently, this thesis also examines whether tentative assessment rudiments can play an enabling role in this respect. Within a broader learning theory context, this enquiry supports a wider body of emergent evidence that Live Projects offer learning experiences consistent with much of the literature regarding effective pedagogy - one that involves authentic and active engagement with real situations being more effective at enabling learning more relevant to the nascent demands of wider industry. Subsequently, the main question being considered – as reflected in the title - is: To what extent do Live Projects enable the acquisition and application of three ‘practice-ready’ skillsets? This question is then operationalised by examining this efficacy in relation to four sub-questions. 1. To what extent can Live Projects enable students to acquire inter-disciplinary teamwork capabilities? 2. To what extent can Live Projects enable students to acquire client collaboration & civic engagement capabilities? 3. To what extent can Live Projects enable students to acquire ambiguity tolerance & risk management capabilities? 4. To what extent might Live Project assessment rudiments assist in the acquisition of the three skillsets? In order to answer these questions, the enquiry employed qualitative as well as quantitative data collection methods. The qualitative evidence largely utilised grounded theory methods and analysis as a means to examine the perceptions of educators, architects and students. This involved the discovery of theory through the analysis of data and real world research, which focuses upon problem solving with a view to creating meaningful change. The mixed methods approach relied upon triangulation as a means to cross-examine evidence from the different data sets and to strengthen validity. The themes relating to the missing skillsets were then inter-related to highlight any interdependencies and to ensure a rigorous level of analysis and abstraction. Findings in relation to each skillset were isolated within focused chapters. Mixed method or ‘multi-method’ analysis - involving a series of matrices - was used to compare both quantitative and (selected sections of) qualitative data. In line with practice-based research methodology, an extended and iterative period of data gathering and analysis allowed the researcher to consolidate observations regarding the acquisition of specific skills in both an academic as well as a practice context to consolidate into a concise set of learning concepts. The thesis subsequently used these learning concepts to define tentative assessment rudiments. The samples chosen for this study were situated in two distinctly different contexts; in practice and in education: encompassing architects, trainee architects, students and educators both with and without Live Project experience, to enable a clear set of variables for comparative analysis. The samples were also drawn from both the US and UK – a useful consequence of research funding in terms of providing quantitative data and comparable cohorts. These insights were then used to tentatively explore practical ways the acquisition of these skillsets could be assessed. The conclusions of this study identify that Live Projects can enable students to acquire the three skillsets due to their ability to offer experiences that more closely align with professional practice. However it also pinpoints specific contingencies such as ensuring Live Project success is measured in terms of processes and not just outcomes - and - that keeping Live Projects as non-compulsory, extra curricula options or adjuncts to more established teaching models allows them to retain their inherently flexible, adaptive and responsive nature. Whilst there is general view that a lack of formal acknowledgement of Live Projects within the curricula-validating infrastructure of RIBA & NAAB has contributed to a collective sense that Live Projects are undervalued, the evidence suggests that the opposite is true – that Live Projects do have the ability to meet the criteria for validation extensively and effectively and can make the validation criterion more accessible and meaningful to students – and -because Live Projects encompass a hugely diverse range of projects by their nature of being holistically responsive to a set of site and community specific circumstances – assessment rudiments (rather than a design brief) might be the only unifying criteria. Given the current crisis in underemployment and the rise of the unpaid internship, these capabilities are of increasing relevance and value. Furthermore, it is transposable skills – which all three of the skillsets are – as opposed to those that are exclusive and unique to architecture – that are most likely to best serve students in future, whether or not they choose to become professional architects. Traditional subject specific skills are undeniably important, but transposable skills deserve greater emphasis and investment given the economic reality of finite resources and demands for greater user participation. Finally, for architectural educators already engaged in or initiating Live Projects, this thesis provides theoretical as well as an applied-knowledge framework to draw from, encompassing a practical as well as passionate advocacy for their wider implementation.

Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernández Figueroa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento teórico e computacional de um arranjo de antenas de grande comprimento elétrico com grande aplicabilidade em radares e sistemas de sensoriamento que utilizam distribuições de potência específicas. São abordados a síntese do padrão de radiação do arranjo, a escolha do número de antenas e o desenvolvimento da rede de alimentação do sistema. De maneira geral, o projeto pode ser dividido em duas partes: cálculo dos parâmetros do arranjo de antenas e desenvolvimento do sistema de alimentação do arranjo. Na primeira parte, a partir da escolha de um diagrama de radiação específico, determina-se o número de antenas e a amplitude e fase de campo eletromagnético que cada antena do arranjo deve receber a fim de gerar o diagrama de radiação necessário. Para tal, adota-se uma distribuição de amplitudes do tipo Hamming adaptada às especificações do projeto e uma distribuição de fase uniforme. Na segunda parte, desenvolve-se um sistema de alimentação para o arranjo de antenas que possibilita a distribuição da energia obedecendo à distribuição de amplitude e fase do campo determinada na fase anterior. O sistema proposto utiliza tecnologia de linhas de fita montada num substrato de poliestireno expandido, que agrega não somente baixas perdas ao sistema de distribuição, mas também baixos custo e peso. É possível verificar, portanto, que o desenvolvimento de um arranjo de antenas com comprimento elétrico muito maior do que o comprimento de onda de operação é um projeto que agrega conhecimentos não somente de antenas e suas características, mas também o conhecimento de arranjos de antenas e ponderação de amplitudes, bem como seus efeitos no diagrama de radiação do arranjo. Contudo, o desenvolvimento deste sistema implica na utilização de sistemas de guiamento eletromagnético que possibilitem a transmissão de energia agregando baixo custo, baixas perdas, e alta eficiência.
Abstract: This work deals with theoretical and computational development of an antenna array of large electrical length with wide application in radar and sensing systems using specific power distribution. The project describes the process from the synthesis of radiation pattern, the choice of the number of antennas and the development of the power supply system. Overall, the project can be divided into two parts: calculation of parameters of the antenna array and development of the power system. In the first part, the number of antennas and the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic field that each antenna needs are calculated to generate the required radiation pattern. To this end, we adopt a distribution of amplitudes of Hamming type (Hamming weighting) adapted to the project specifications and a uniform phase distribution. In the second part, the power system to the antenna array is developed. This supply system enables the distribution of energy obeying the distribution of amplitude and phase of the field specified in the previous part. The proposed system uses striplines mounted on a substrate of expanded polystyrene, which combines low-losses, low-cost and lightweight.
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Le Sud-Est de la France est régulièrement soumis à des épisodes de pluies intenses en automne, entraînant parfois des inondations ayant un fort impact sociétal. L'un des sujets de recherche du projet HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) porte d'ailleurs sur l'amélioration de la compréhension et de la prévision de tels phénomènes. La particularité du nuage orageux est la production d'éclairs, précédée par l'électrisation du nuage. Des études ont montré que la présence simultanée de graupels, de cristaux de glace et d'eau surfondue dans les zones convectives était nécessaire à l'établissement de l'électrisation. Il existe donc un lien entre ces paramètres et l'occurrence d'éclairs. Le but de cette thèse est d'identifier et de quantifier des relations entre éclairs nuage-sol et paramètres nuageux en France métropolitaine et particulièrement dans le Sud-Est. Pour ce faire une analyse multi-variables a été réalisée à partir de plusieurs jeux de données : électrique (observation d'éclairs nuage-sol, Météorage) et radar (Dopplers : restitution des champs 3D de réflectivité et de vent, et polarimétriques : restitution de la microphysique, Météo-France). L'étude a été menée sur deux régions : la région parisienne et la région Sud-Est. Les résultats obtenus permettent notamment d'établir des relations linéaires quantifiables entre volume de réflectivité supérieure à 40 dBZ et taux d'éclair nuage-sol ainsi qu'entre masse de glace précipitante (principalement composée de graupel) et taux d'éclair. Une application de " l'hypothèse des flux de glace " basée sur le mécanisme d'électrisation non-inductif des orages a également été testée et montre des résultats encourageants entre produits des flux de masse de glace précipitante et non précipitante et taux d'éclair. La comparaison des résultats régionaux a montré un caractère plus facilement généralisable de la relation entre forte réflectivité et taux de CG. Au contraire, les relations basées sur les masses de glace semblent plutôt avoir un caractère régional. L'étude du premier cas considéré comme représentatif de la campagne HyMeX a permis la comparaison de la restitution des masses de glace à partir des données provenant de deux radars du réseau opérationnel de Météo-France (l'un en bande C, l'autre en bande S). Cette étude fait apparaître que la masse de glace précipitante semble sensible à l'instrument utilisé pour la restituer contrairement à la glace non précipitante (cristaux de glace et neige sèche).

The thesis aims to offer a culturally sensitive analysis of a culture change intervention undertaken in a Polish subsidiary of a North American Pharmaceutical corporation. This is achieved by first of all examining the context in which the initiative was undertaken and subsequently the many facets of its development and implementation. More specifically, the thesis investigates the underlying assumptions of the cultural intervention, its design and implementation, as well as the experiences and perceptions of different organisation members regarding it. The findings come from a longitudinal qualitative study. The data collection methods comprise eighty five semi-structured interviews, photo and word collages, observation and documentary analysis. Based on a constructivist ontology and interpretivist epistemology, the study pays special attention to the storied version of organisational reality as narrated by different participants. The study extends the previous work on the topic by offering insights into a relatively under-explored context of a traumatised Eastern European organisation which attempted to climb out of organisational depression by reinvigorating and promoting its long standing values. The study illustrates how the local situateness of the organisation, such as the communist history of the country, and the changes in the Polish political arena, affected the way participants perceived attempts at cultural manipulation. Furthermore, the thesis discusses how cultural interventions can perpetuate organisational delusion without necessarily leading to the desired behavioural changes. Finally, the findings highlight the instrumentality with which the espoused organisational values are approached and responded to by different organisational actors. To this end, the thesis puts forward the notion of the political reengineering of values to discuss how organisation members, both the agents and targets of change, can creatively engage in the official discourse to promote their individual or group interests.

Dans le cycle de carbone à l'échelle de la planète, la contribution des forêts tropicales, en tant que stock de carbone, est déterminante. Les études actuelles montrent que la connaissance précise de la biomasse forestière globale est nécessaire pour les modèles de prévision. C'est dans ce contexte que le projet BIOMASS est choisi par l'Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) comme une phase A du programme «Earth Core Mission». L'objectif de cette mission innovatrice est l'utilisation d'un système d'imagerie polarimétrique fonctionnant en bande P (435 MHz) pour la mesure de la biomasse forestière. La définition actuelle de la mission prévoit un mode tomographique rassurant une imagerie tri-dimentionnelle (3-D) de la forêt. Dans le cadre du projet BIOMASS, cette thèse de doctorat vise à développer une nouvelle stratégie pour la télédétection de la biomasse dans les forêts tropicales en utilisant des données multi-baseline acquises par le radar à ouverture synthétique (SAR) en bande P. Une approche originale consite à combiner la tomographie et le modèle RvoG (Random-Volume-over-Ground) établi et vérifié avec la technique PolInSAR (polarimetric SAR Interferometry). L'environnement forestier peut être décrit avec précision par un modèle polarimétrique multicouche (sol et succession de couches végétales). Une généralisation multi-baseline du modèle RVoG implique un certain nombre de paramètres qui peuvent être estimés à partir des données SAR en utilisant des méthodes spectrales haute résolution. Ainsi, une cartographie de la forêt et du sol peut être réalisée à l'aide de données tomographiques. De plus, la capacité des techniques tomographiques permet d'estimer la distribution verticale de la puissance rétrodiffusée. Ainsi, une information précise sur la biomasse peut être extraite de la puissance mesurée dans un domaine adapté à la couche de végétation. Cependant, cette puissance mesurée peut être fortement affectée par l'écho du sol dû à la contribution de double rebond. Et par suite, le principal défi peut être résumé par l'élaboration d'un nouvel estimateur de la biomasse forestière lié à une puissance rétrodiffusée mesurée avec une polarisation et un domaine vertical, tous les deux sont adaptés à la couche de végétation. Les algorithmes développés pour la cartographie de la forêt, l'estimation et la simulation de la biomasse sont appliqués et validés sur des données SAR aéroportées réalisées lors de la campagne TROPISAR en Guyane
Forested areas cover one third of earth's land surface and their contribution in the storage of carbon is decisive. Current studies show that the accurate knowledge of global forest biomass is necessary for the prediction of climate changes on the planet. In this context, the BIOMASS project is selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as Phase A of the 'Earth Core Mission' program. This highly innovative mission consists of the use of a polarimetric imaging radar operating at P band (435 MHz) for the measurement of forest biomass. The current definition of the mission provides a three-dimensional imaging (3-D) of the forest with both tomographic and multi-pass interferometric modes. In the framework of this project, this PHD thesis aims to develop a novel strategy for the remote sensing of the biomass within the dense tropical forests by processing on multi-baseline P-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. An original approach combines the possibilities of 3-D exploration tomography and the Random-Volume- over-Ground (RVoG) model established and verified with PolInSAR technique (Polarimetric Interferometry SAR). The forested environment can be accurately described by a polarimetric multi-layer model (soil and a succession of vegetationlayers). A multi-baseline generalization of the RVoG model involves a certain number of parameters which must be estimated from radar observation data by using High- Resolution spectral estimation tomographic methods. Thereby, a cartography of the forest and its underlying ground can be made using tomographic data. Furthermore, the capacity of the tomographic techniques on 3-D imaging allows an estimation of the vertical distribution of the backscattered power. Thus, an accurate biomass information may be extracted from the power measured at a domain adapted to the canopy layer. However, this measured backscattered may be strongly affected by the ground echo due to the double bounce contribution. The main challenge of this thesis is to establish a novel biomass estimator related to a backscattered powermeasured with a polarimetric channel and at a vertical domain, both adapted to the canopy layer. The proposed algorithms of forest cartography and biomass estimation are applied and validated on Airborne P-band SAR data realized on the TROPISAR campaign in French Guyana

Sustainability is fundamentally transforming construction industries worldwide, resulting in an increased complexity of construction projects with a more divergent set of actors involved. A seamless transfer of knowledge between these actors is required. The gap between the performance of green buildings as designed and as built could be interpreted as an indication that this transfer is not immaculate. Nowadays almost every actor involved in the construction process claims to strive for sustainability. However, the way they perceive and translate it into practice varies widely between different project participants. Therefore a better understanding of how knowledge on sustainable construction is transferred and adopted is needed. A subsequent enhancement of this process could support a certain standard of sustainable building quality. Previous research indicated that social networks influence knowledge transfer (KT), as knowledge is personal and KT takes place through interaction of individuals. Moreover, social network analysis (SNA) provides the means to map the knowledge flow in a project environment and thus enables an understanding of how to enhance it. As a result SNA was used to compare KT practices in construction teams delivering office buildings to sustainable building standards in Germany and the UK. A literature review led to the establishment of a conceptual framework that characterizes the KT process. This was used to inform the research design, data collection and analysis. The research was carried out using a multiple case study approach. The data collection tools were mainly questionnaires with a combination of quantitative, qualitative and social network data. The data was analysed using a combination of descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, content analysis and SNA. The findings were used to revise the conceptual framework. The findings showed a lack of awareness and knowledge of sustainable construction. Moreover, analysis of the data concluded that KT on sustainable construction is influenced by so-called general enhancers/ inhibitors, such as age group and job level, and social network characteristics. Furthermore the results suggest benefits could be derived from employing a sustainability manager as a key contact and to enhance KT on sustainable construction. This research contributes to literature on KT in sustainable construction project teams from a social network perspective. It is the first of its kind comparing KT in construction teams delivering sustainable office buildings in Germany and the UK. The framework is the most important output of this research in terms of both contribution to knowledge and practice and can be used to support the examination of KT in sustainable construction projects. Furthermore this study facilitates the understanding of knowledge contents and types of sustainable construction knowledge.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Kretly
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, as diferentes propriedades de superfícies seletivas em frequência, FSS - Frequency Selective Surfaces, são analisadas. As FSS são estruturas planares com células periódicas e podem ser classificadas como uma classe de metamateriais. Para tanto, o mecanismo de trabalho dessas estruturas foi extensivamente estudado, e um método próprio, baseado no modelo de circuito equivalente em conjunto com simulações de onda completa foi proposto. A ferramenta desenvolvida é útil para uma análise preliminar rápida de FSS, a qual foi utilizada para criar uma base de dados de elementos conhecidos na literatura. Diferente dos modelos de análise clássicos, a modelagem analítica proposta, que é uma das principais contribuições do trabalho, usa um simples algoritmo para aproximar a resposta de superfícies seletivas em frequência com geometrias arbitrárias, para incidências normal e oblíqua e para substratos com quaisquer espessuras. Nesse sentido, após a simulação eletromagnética da estrutura, é possível computar a resposta de uma FSS com diferentes parâmetros sem o consumo de tempo das simulações de onda completa. O modelo usa as características peculiares de superfícies de alta impedância, HIS - High Impedance Surface, que dentro de determina faixa comporta-se como condutor magnético perfeito, PMC - Perfect Magnetic Conductor, enquanto no restante da banda tem comportamento de um condutor elétrico perfeito, PEC - Perfect Electric Conductor, para sintetizar absorvedores finos e planares de micro-ondas. As estruturas, compostas de superfície seletiva em frequência resistivas sobre um substrato dielétrico aterrado, são projetadas visando aplicação em diferentes faixas de frequência de absorção e diferentes larguras de banda. Na faixa de 5,5 GHz, objetivou-se satisfazer as especificações dos sistemas WIMAX, WLAN, com os padrões IEEE 802.11a, bem como sistemas de radar, enquanto sinais de outras faixas podem trafegar com atenuação mínima ou nula. Para a faixa mais elevada, projetou-se uma estrutura que oferece absorção sobre a faixa de frequências de 10 GHz a 18 GHz, que pode ser empregada visando aplicações na banda-X e banda-Ku. O método de modelagem para a FSS e para os absorvedores propostos foi validado fisicamente através de montagens experimentais e instrumentação, especialmente desenvolvidas para estas estruturas. Os protótipos dos absorvedores fabricados são extremamente finos e foram medidos por meio de setups de medida em campo aberto e em câmara anecóica. As estruturas projetadas mostraram excelente desempenho para as faixas medidas, mantendo refletividade tipicamente abaixo de -10 dB ao longo de toda a banda. A metodologia desenvolvida nesta pesquisa pode ser ampliada para diferentes faixas de frequências, larguras de banda e aplicações
Abstract: In this work, the different properties of frequency selective surfaces - FSS are analyzed. Frequency selective surfaces are planar structures with periodic cells and can be classified as a kind of metamaterials. To this end, the working mechanism of these structures has been extensively studied, and a proper method based on the equivalent circuit model in conjunction with full-wave simulations was proposed. The developed tool is useful for a fast preliminary analysis of FSS, which was used to create a database of known elements presented in the literature. Unlike of classical analysis model, the proposed analytical modeling, which is one of the main thesis contributions, uses a simple algorithm for approximate the response of frequency selective surfaces with arbitrary shape, for normal and oblique incidence and for substrates with all thicknesses. In this sense, after the electromagnetic simulation of the structure, it is possible to compute the response of an FSS with different parameters without the time consuming full-wave simulations. The model uses the unique characteristics of High-Impedance Surfaces - HIS, which for certain frequency range, behaves as Perfect Magnetic Conductor - PMC, while outside this band behaves as a Perfect Electric Conductor - PEC, for synthesizing thin planar microwave absorbers. The structures, comprising resistive frequency selective surfaces over a grounded dielectric substrate, are designed aiming different absorption frequency bands and different bandwidths. In the 5.5 GHz frequency range, the aim was to satisfy the specifications of WiMAX, WLAN systems, in view of the IEEE 802.11a standards, as well as radar systems, while signals from other bands can travel across with zero or minimal attenuation. To the highest range, the designed structure provides absorption over 10 GHz to 18 GHz frequency range, and can be applied to the X- and Ku- band. The modeling method for the FSS and the proposed absorbers was physically validated through experimental setups and instrumentation, especially developed for these structures. The prototype of the fabricated absorbers are extremely thin and were characterized by using free space and anechoic chamber measurement setups. The designed structures showed excellent performance for measurements ranges, with reflectivity typically below -10 dB over the entire band. The methodology developed in this research can be extended to different frequency bands, bandwidth and applications
Doutorado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

The Design Metrics Research Team at Ball State University has developed a quality design metric D(G), which consists of an internal design metric Di, and an external design metric De. This thesis discusses applying design metrics to the ROCC-Radar On-line Command Control project received from Harris Corporation. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the behavior of D(G), and the primitive components of this metric.Error and change history reports are vital inputs to the validation of design metrics' performance. Since correct identification of types of changes/errors is critical for our evaluation, several different types of analyses were performed in an attempt to qualify the metric performance in each case.This thesis covers the analysis of 666 FORTRAN modules with approximately 142,296 lines of code.
Department of Computer Science

Improved productivity in the construction industry (Cl) can have an important role in improving national competitiveness and achieving a satisfactory growth rate in developing countries. The Sri Lanka (SL) State Engineering Corporation, SL Building Department, SL Port Authority and SL Labour Department have experienced that most of their projects are affected by low productivity. Most projects have also suffered from serious setbacks, and in certain cases even termination, of contracts: productivity is believed to be low compared to other developing countries and the Asian sub-continent in particular. The construction site layout plan (SLP) is one of the focal factors which strongly influence construction productivity. This research aims to investigate how productivity could be improved in the Sri Lank.an public sector building CI through effective SLP. The main objective of this research is to develop an empirically grounded framework for understanding the relationship between SLP and site productivity in the Sri Lankan construction industry (SLCI). The semi-structured interview was chosen as a main research instrument for data collection. 60 site staff members were randomly selected from 15 construction sites within the context of construction projects commissioned by the Sri Lankan public sector. The findings from the study show that the employers in Sri Lanka are aware of the supposed advantages of efficient SLP in Cl. However, construction SLP in the developed regions in the Sri Lankan CI is not vastly different from SLP in remote regions in the Sri Lankan Cl. Effective and efficient SLP in SLCI would contribute to improving their productivity considerably. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on productive construction site layout and also presents a SLP framework for improving construction productivity in the SLCI. The implementation of this SLP framework could give a new dimension and benefits to the SLCI. If successfully implemented this same framework, could be applied in other industries such as manufacturing. It could also be used in other developing countries - particularly in the Asian sub-region.

Nous presentons dans cette these la definition, la realisation et les tests d'un radar v. H. F. Multifrequence et multipolarisation, travaillant dans une gamme allant de 20 a 100 mhz. Ce systeme denomme m. O. S. A. R. (maquette orientee pour un systeme d'analyse de resonances) a pour objectif la mesure des sections efficaces radars d'avions dans cette gamme de frequence, afin de fournir l'ensemble des connaissances qui permettront de concevoir un futur radar operationnel, destine a la detection et a l'identification des cibles aeriennes. Dans un premier temps, nous definissons les caracteristiques principales du systeme, telles que la largeur de l'impulsion emise, la periode de recurrence, le nombre de frequences utilisees, ensuite, nous construisons un radar a impulsions, monostatique, coherent, commande par ordinateur, capable de mesurer et d'enregistrer les signaux retrodiffuses par des avions. Ce systeme emploie deux reseaux d'antennes differents pour l'emission et la reception, chacun de ces reseaux utilisant respectivement quatre antennes log-periodiques dipolaires. Les informations relatives aux cibles (amplitude, phase et frequence doppler) sont ensuite extraites par une analyse spectrale non lineaire haute resolution. Nous evaluons les performances du radar et precisons les limites du systeme. Enfin, des resultats experimentaux sont presentes et confirment les choix dans la definition et la realisation du radar

Southeast Asia is experiencing unprecedented biodiversity declines brought about by human population growth and economic development leading to unsustainable use of natural resources and loss of natural habitat. The scientific community has emphasized this biodiversity crisis in the past decade, calling for immediate action. In this context, I set my research as a case study in Nakai-­‐Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT NPA), central eastern Laos where wildlife hunting has been rampant and management strategy failing to prevent wildlife declines. This research aimed (1) to re-­‐assess and bring forward the importance of NNT NPA for wildlife conservation, (2) to identify the key species for which NNT NPA is a priority for their conservation, (3) to use the data collected to develop a long-­‐term project in the area for research and conservation. In addition to this local-­‐level case study, I aimed (4) to identify the National near-­‐future priorities for research and conservation of Lao non-­‐ human primates (primates). For the latter, I reviewed the literature for the most reliable occurrence localities of Lao primate species across the country to model their potential distribution. I used the models to re-­‐assess their current status and identify the remaining gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed. For the research in NNT NPA, I collected baseline data on key species occurrence and threats within the area. From January 2011 to March 2012, I conducted transect surveys in 10 different sites in the area. At each site, I set four to 20 transects, each replicated up to three times. During the transect walks I recorded all diurnal primate species sighted. In addition, I used the camera-­‐trap database of 2006 management staff. Using modelling softwares (MAXENT, ENFA, DISTANCE) to provide baseline predictions, I analysed both my transect survey and the camera-­‐trap survey data to assess the current status and distribution of red-­‐shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus), four macaque species (Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, M. leonina, M. mulatta), small-­‐carnivores (i.e. Viveridae, Prionodontidae, Herpestidae and Mustelidae), small medium-­‐sized cat species and muntjacs species (Muntiacus spp.) occurring in the area. My analysis of Lao primates distribution models at the National level reveals that (1) so-­‐far unvisited regions of northestern Laos may hold populations of highly-­‐ threatened colobines. Future research should focus on the taxonomy and distribution range limit between taxa of Nomascus, Pygathrix, T. francoisi s.l. and T. germaini s.l. The modelling results emphasise the need for more research on primate species in Laos, a country of high priority for primate conservation. My case-­‐study research in NNT NPA reveals that (2) based on a MAXENT analysis, I predicted a conservative suitable habitat of ca. 1600 km2 in NNT NPA and through a distance analysis, I estimated an average group density of 2.8 groups/km2, yielding a potential for ca. 4900 groups in the area. The population of red-­‐shanked doucs in NNT NPA likely -­‐term global survival. (3) Based on a MAXENT analysis using records from both transects and camera-­‐traps, the four resident macaque species were predicted to occupy a different geographical range and niche within NNT NPA. Macaca arctoides, M. assemensis, M. leonina and M. mulatta, respectively were predicted along a general environmental gradient: from low to high temperature and precipitation, and high to low elevation and slopes. The potential distribution of these four co-­‐existing, and morphologically similar species will have important implication for their management and future research. (4) Of 20259 camera trap-­‐days, from March 2006 to January 2011 only 21 images taken were of these four cat species. All these species were found with much lower survey efforts in NNT NPA in the 1990s. These species are readily camera-­‐ trapped in other evergreen forest sites in South-­‐east Asia. In combination, these factors indicate that the present low encounter rate is likely to represent their induced low density in NNT NPA due to high hunting pressure. This indicates that protected large forest blocks or mainly primary forests do not ensure the long-­‐term survival of hunting-­‐sensitive species. (5) Of the at least 21 small-­‐carnivore species (Viverridae, Prionodontidae, Mustelidae, and Herpestidae) confirmed in Laos, 15 occur in Nakai-­‐Nam Theun NPA of which ten were photographed during this survey: common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, masked palm civet Paguma larvata, large Indian civet Viverra zibetha Chrotogale owstoni, spotted linsang Prionodon pardicolor, binturong Arctictis binturong, yellow-­‐throated marten, ferret badger sp(p). Melogale sp(p)., hog badger Arctonyx collaris and crab-­‐ eating mongoose Herpestes urva. The high rate of hunting with ground snares in the 5 area put some of these species at high risk of local extinction; however, NNT NPA remains one of the most important areas in Laos for small-­‐carnivore species, in (6) Based on an ENFA and MAXENT analysis, Critically Endangered large-­‐antlered muntjac M. vuquangensis and other resident muntjac species differ in their predicted potential distribution. The former is predicted at lower elevation range, in the western part of the NPA. NNT NPA represents the core habitat of M. vuquangensis and its conservation should be a priority in the area (7) Over my field work in NNT NPA I counted over 3000 ground snares (active or about to be set). Despite a management strategy in place and funding available, wildlife conservation in NNT NPA has not been successful. The major threat to wildlife is unsustainable hunting, using ground snares, by both Lao and Vietnamese hunters driven by a lucrative wildlife trade between the two countries. This indicates the urgent need for wildlife management improvement in the area, to be targeted on illegal hunting activities and the need for a long-­‐term research and conservation project to improve our knowledge of this rich wildlife, ensure its long-­‐term conservation and empower and educate local communities towards an integrated conservation strategy.

Este trabalho enfocou a avaliação de dados de radar (SAR) obtidos por aeronaves (experimento SAREX'92) e orbital (imageamento ERS-1) no mapeamento geológico da região do Salobo, Província Mineral de Carajás. Os principais objetivos da investigação envolveram a análise visual e digital dos dados SAR na discriminação litológica e mapeamento estrutural, levando-se em consideração, os distintos parâmetros funcionais dos sensores e da geometria de aquisição dos dados (polarização, resolução, ângulo de azimute e de incidência e sentido de visada ). A pesquisa buscou também, fornecer subsídios aos modelos geológicos conhecidos da área teste e a avaliação da performance do futuro imageamento pelo RADARSAT. A área de estudo, com o mais importante depósito de cobre do país, está localizada na borda noroeste da Província Mineral de Carajás na continuidade do Cinturão de Cisalhamento Itacaiúnas, de suposta idade arqueana. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os mais imortantes parâmetros de radar foram ângulos de incidência, de azimute e sentido da visada. Os dados de radar do SAREX mostraram-se valiosos no mapeamento geológico na escala de semi-detalhe. Os dados ERS-1 exibiam distorções relativas a efeitos de "layover" e "foreshortening" nas áreas de relevo acentuado. Contudo, informações geológicas significativas puderam ser obtidas com estes dados, para as áreas de relevo arrasado. As técnicas de realce digitais mostraram-se valiosas na extração de informações com significado geológico, para os dois conjuntos de dados SAR avaliados.
This work has focussed on the evaluation of airbone (SAREX'92) and orbital (ERS-1) SAR data in the geological mapping of the Salobo area, Carajás Mineral Province (Brazilian Amazon Region). The main objectives of the investigation have ancopassed visual and digital analysis of the SAR data in the lithological discrimination and structural mapping taking into account distinct sensor parameters and acquisition data geometry (polarization, resolution, incidence and azimuth angles and look direction). The research has also aimed at providing insights for the geological knowlegde of the Salobo area and for the RADARSAT evaluation in this "difficult" tropical rain forest environment. The test-site is inserted in the Itaiúnas Belt, a wide shear zone with probable Archean age and copper deposits, located in the northwest border of the Carajás Mineral Province. The results have shown that the most important radar parameters were incidente and azimuth angles and look direction. Airborne radar data from SAREX proved to be a valious tool for geological mapping at a semi-detailed scale. ERS-1 data has presented distortion problems related to "layover" and "foreshortening" affects in the high relief area. However, geological information could be extracted in the low relief regions. Digital enhancement techniques proved to be important in the extraction of information with geological meaning from both SAR dataset.

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Public investments in the development of innovation in the country, either through the rigging of public universities, either through public announcements of the promotion, increased dramatically in recent years. To analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of public resources is especially in times of austerity, essential for the development of a country. In this context, this research aims to identify the influence of public investments to promote innovation in the degree of maturity of innovative companies in the state of the RN. Another goal is to identify the regional influence from the installation site - capital or countryside, in the performance of the companies studied in the degree of innovation. The theoretical basis of the understanding of the scope of the concept of innovation and its determination for the purposes of this study. Typology, degree of innovation, evaluation methodologies and mechanisms to support innovation : Still on the theme of innovation additional concepts that help the reader to a greater understanding, such as are presented. Following is approached conceptualization of the triple helix, highlighting the concepts advocated by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, Salomon and Silva and Ipiranga, Freitas and Paiva, among others. With regard to methodological aspects, we propose a descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research quantitative and qualitative approach with the target audience group of companies served by INOVA PRO- NAGI design - multi-institutional action from a public resource called FINEP promotes the development of innovative companies in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - in 2013. The research should provide reflection and understanding of the influence of public investment in innovation, which by means of qualitative predictive variables associated with quantitative method to explain which variables are significant variations in the degree of maturity of enterprises studied
Os investimentos p?blicos no desenvolvimento da inova??o no pa?s, quer por meio do aparelhamento das universidades publicas, quer por meio de editais de fomento, cresceram vertiginosamente nos ?ltimos anos. Analisar a efici?ncia e efic?cia da aplica??o dos recursos p?blicos ?, sobretudo em tempos de austeridade, primordial para o desenvolvimento de um pa?s. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar a influ?ncia dos investimentos p?blicos de fomento ? inova??o no grau de maturidade de inova??o de empresas instaladas no Estado do RN. Objetiva-se ainda identificar a influ?ncia regional, a partir do local de instala??o capital ou interior, no desempenho das empresas estudadas no grau de inova??o. A fundamenta??o te?rica parte da compreens?o da dimens?o do conceito sobre a inova??o e a sua defini??o para efeitos deste trabalho. Ainda sobre a tem?tica da inova??o s?o apresentadas conceitua??es adicionais que auxiliam o leitor a uma maior compreens?o, tais como: tipologia, graus de inova??o, metodologias de avalia??o e mecanismos de apoio ? inova??o. Na sequ?ncia ? abordada a conceitua??o sobre a tr?plice h?lice, ressaltando os conceitos preconizados por Etzkowitz e Leydesdorff, Salomon e Silva e Ipiranga, Freitas e Paiva, entre outros. No tocante aos aspectos metodol?gicos, prop?e-se uma pesquisa descritiva, explorat?ria e explicativa de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, tendo como p?blico-alvo o grupo de empresas atendidas pelo projeto PR?-INOVA NAGI a??o multiinstitucional que a partir de recursos de uma chamada p?blica da FINEP promove o desenvolvimento da inova??o em empresas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no ano de 2013. A pesquisa dever? proporcionar reflex?es e compreens?o da influ?ncia dos investimentos p?blicos em inova??o, que por meio de vari?veis qualitativas preditivas, associada ao m?todo quantitativo explicar quais vari?veis s?o significativas na varia??o do grau de maturidade em inova??o das empresas estudadas

Artist's book It is needed is a compilation of interviews with major graphic designers and curators of czech gallery sphere. The interviews show possible methods of this kind interdisciplinary cooperation.

The International Standards on Auditing are created and published by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. These standards are high quality, modern and approved by regulators throughout the world. Most of the developed countries addopted the ISAs in some way. The International Standards on Auditing have been effective for all audits in the Czech Republic since 2005. Their implementation in the European Union is expected shortly. Standards contribute to better international comparability and enhance the credibility and quality of the audit, including auditor's report. The Clarity project was in progress between 2003 and 2009. It was aimed at clearing standards, increasing clarity and facilitating their interpretation.

SAR Wave INteraction for Natural Targets Over Land (SWINTOL) is a project funded by the European Space Agency. The study’s goal is to better understand the interaction of high frequency radar (> X-band) with vegetation and soils, in order to drive the development of a high-frequency electromagnetic model to simulate SAR imagery at high resolution (< 1 m). Existing models work well at C and X band frequencies, but do not work properly at higher frequencies. Cranfield University’s role in this project was to provide the field data necessary for model validation and development. Radar imagery was taken of a barley crop over an entire growing season. The portable outdoor GB-SAR system used the tomographic profiling (TP) technique to capture polarimetric imagery of the crop. TP is a scheme that provides detailed maps of the vertical backscatter pattern through a crop canopy, along a narrow transect directly beneath the radar platform. Fully-polarimetric imagery was obtained across overlapping 6.5 GHz bandwidths over the X- and Ku-band frequency range 8-20 GHz. This gave the opportunity to see the detailed scattering behaviour within the crop at the plant component level, from emergence of the crop through to harvesting. In combination with the imagery, full bio-geophysical characterisation of the crop and soil was made on each measurement date. Surface roughness characterisation of the soil was captured using a 3D optical stereoscopic system. This work details the measurements made, and provides a comparative assessment of the results in terms of understanding the backscatter in relation to biophysical and radar parameters.

A água é fundamental para sustentar a vida na Terra, sendo usada para consumo, produção de alimentos, atividades industriais e outros. Este recurso vital está sob pressão de uma população crescente, distribuição desigual de recursos e impactos das mudanças climáticas, estando a agricultura entre os setores mais vulneráveis. A utilização das novas tecnologias aliadas à investigação científica, poderão ajudar a desenvolver metodologias de observação e monitorização, que ajudem a evitar o desperdício do valioso recurso hídrico. O projeto desenvolvido teve essencialmente por objeto a recolha, processamento e análise de imagens de radar do satélite Sentinel-1 (SAR), que permitam visualizar mensalmente a evolução da humidade relativa do solo, tanto nas margens de enchente de bacias hidrográficas como em campos agrícolas, assim como o efeito da alteração do coberto vegetal, em particular após grandes incêndios, no período entre fevereiro 2016 e fevereiro 2019. A área de estudo centrou-se no Concelho de Lagoa, abrangendo ainda parte da bacia hidrográfica do rio Arade e algumas zonas em redor, de modo a ser possível observar e analisar os diversos fenómenos que pudessem surgir, decorrentes do processamento dos dados. Na ausência de uma estratégia de processamento consensual, foi necessário adotar uma desenhada com base em conceitos teóricos, após sendo avaliada a coerência dos resultados. Com a análise pretendeu-se avaliar a sensibilidade do sistema SAR, em relação à água e a humidade. Para isso foi dado enfoque à prática dos agricultores do Concelho de Lagoa, no que respeita ao uso da água nas culturas de arroz, nas diferentes épocas do ano, observando também a suscetibilidade do sistema quanto à variação no nível de água das albufeiras, o efeito das marés e após grandes incêndios. Para apresentação dos resultados, foi desenvolvido um sistema de Websig, com ferramentas 100% código aberto, como Postgresql, Postgis, Geoserver, Node.js e OpenLayers3.
Water is essential to sustain life on Earth, used for consumption, food production, industrial activities and others. This vital resource is under pressure from a growing population, unequal distribution of resources and impacts of climate change, with agriculture being among the most vulnerable sectors. The use of new technologies combined with scientific research, may help to develop methodologies for observation and monitoring, which help to avoid wasting valuable water resources. The project developed is essentially aimed at the collection, processing and analysis of radar images from the Sentinel-1 satellite (SAR), which allow the visualization of the evolution of the relative moister of the soil on a monthly basis, at the margins of hydrographic basins and in agricultural fields, as well as the effect of changing the vegetation cover, particularly after major fires, in the period between February 2016 and February 2019. The study area focused on the Municipality of Lagoa, also covering part of the hydrographic basin of the Arade River and some surrounding areas, in order to be able to observe and analyze the various phenomena that could arise, resulting from the data processing. In the absence of a consensual processing strategy, it was necessary to adopt a design based on theoretical concepts, after evaluating the coherence of the results. The analysis was intended to evaluate the sensitivity of the SAR system, in relation to water and moisture. To this end, a focus was given to the practice of farmers in the Municipality of Lagoa, with regard to the use of water in rice crops, at different times of the year, also observing the susceptibility of the system to the variation of the water level of reservoirs, the effect of the tides and after big fires. To present the results, a Websig system was developed, with 100% open source tools, such as Postgresql, Postgis, Geoserver, Node.js and OpenLayers3.

This diploma work deals with durability of projects co-financed by the European Union. The term is explained and used in real project. First part is about the problem of regional politics of Czech Republic and shared regional politics of EU and ways of supports in which contains many different structural funds. The main goal of this part is focused on Regional operational program NUTS II Jihozápad, a grant applications from this program, requisites and feedback control, which is connected with durability. The second part is about real project named Reconstruction local communications Dražice. There is this conclusion: structural fund achieved the goal such is realisation of project which could not be proceed without this help. The insufficient of resources was the main reason for application. There are also many benefits arise from the project.

(abstract) The main aim of this diploma thesis is to describe projects of selected Czech media institutions that arised from the beginning 2008 until the end of May 2019 and aimed to develop and support media literacy of the public. It will be primarily about researching of programs of the Council for Radio and Television Broadcasting, the Czech Television and the Czech Radio. We also pay certain attention to projects of other media institutions. For individual projects, the work focuses primarily on the period of origin, format, type and its thematic content. The obtained data will be summarized in a well arranged way at the end. Based on the results and with regard to the current state of media literacy in the Czech Republic, at the end of the thesis, will be proposed other formats for individual institutions that could help the development and support of media literacy. In addition to this systematic research, at the beginning the work will deal with the history of implementation of media education, that means systematic education, to achieve various levels of media literacy in the world and Czech society. In describing the history of media education, particular account will be taken of the role played by the media and media institutions in the process. The thesis will also mention some...