Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Projets d'urbanisme'
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Okuda, Kazuko. "Les projets d'urbanisme de Tokyo et les projets d'urbanisme parisiens : étude de droit de l'urbanisme comparé français et japonais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB126/document.
Full textParis and Tokyo are; two world capitals which attract tourists, students, artists and foreign investors. To face their competitors, these two big cities are starting several urban planning projects. In Paris, as in Tokyo, construction takes place in several districts. However, the procedures for establishing city planning schemes and the process of their realization are very different in both countries. France is a decentralized country as proscribed the article 1 of the Constitution of 4 October 1958: «the organization of the Republic» is decentralized. Japan is, on the other hand, a very centralized country. The Japanese people find top-down organization suitable, while French people appreciate the participative approach. City planning is thus established at the local level in France, while the government and prefectures take the initiative in Japan, even if the elaboration of a local urban plan (Master plan) is attributed to the local self-governing body since 2000. Master plans have to reflect the opinions of the inhabitants. The public participates in Japan reluctantly, while in France, all the concerned persons can participate in all processes of elaboration of a local urban plan. In Japan, in spite of the centralization of power, certain powers are entrusted to private citizens. Since 1998, the examination of the application of a building permit can be delegated to a private organization. Since 2002, for certain measures, the act of expropriation can be also entrusted to a private citizen. Since 2003, city planning can also be proposed by property owners and private developers. The inconvenience created by the delegation of certain services to a private citizen is the mercantilism of the urban planning project. Several skyscrapers have been built in shopping districts located in city centers and even in residential zones where it is normally prohibited to build houses with more than 3 floors. The construction of a high-rise building often involves a dispute with neighborhoods wanting to preserve the landscape and the environment of their living area. In Paris, high-rise buildings are built on the outskirts of the city. Since 2011, the height limit permitted 50 meters. High-rise buildings increase total living space allowing more residence for students, foreign workers, travelers and underprivileged persons. Paris thus encourages the construction of local authority housing. In Tokyo, on the other hand, no new local authority housing has been built since 1999 on the pretext of a decrease in the population. In Tokyo and Kawasaki (a neighboring city to Tokyo), new housing has not been able to sell because of the economic crisis and the decrease in the younger population (20-30 years old). Without city planning for the inhabitants, the skyscrapers built everywhere spoil the landscape. Unfortunately, in Japan, the courts rarely protect the interests of the inhabitants. There are no administrative courts which are competent for any dispute with the administration. In Japan, a civil suit is filed. Judges often support the public authority. A way of appeal for the temporary suspension was created in 2004 with the aim of widening the protection of private interests. Judges can now investigate if the damage is not too grave to repair. They consider if the importance of the damage produced by the administrative decision is great enough to overtake the right of discretion or abuse of the administrative power. Nevertheless, in most cases, the administration wins at trial. Not only do the inhabitants usually lose their trial, but also many trials are simply refused by the court because of a lack of interest to act. As a consequence, several urban planning projects in the region in Tokyo region de not take into consideration the interest of the inhabitants
Demazière, Christophe. "Comment évaluer la durabilité d'un projet urbain? Analyse de 20 projets ARCHILAB /." Tours : Polytech'Tours, Aménagement, 2009. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/scd/EPU_DA/2009PFE_IPAD.pdf.
Full textAvitabile, Alain. "Le projet urbain : contribution à une structuration des démarches d'élaboration." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29025.
Full textUrban development strategy has become a main topic in town action in keeping with a new urban design approach and a new way of acting. However, the different actors have not defined this word and neither a protocol process and so many urban strategies are shoved because of the ignorance of urban economics. After having shown an analyst of the development of the word and the evolution of ways of applying urban design strategies, the thesis proposes to contribute to organising the urban development strategy process, on one hand, and on the urban design aspect, on the other hand. This double approach wants to considere both objective interests and protagonists games, especially the coproducers of the projects to set the wheels in motion
Benech, Philippe. "La nouvelle politique d'aménagement et d'urbanisme à Paris : l'exemple des projets relatifs aux nouvelles ZAC." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040303.
Full textThe policy for city renovation engaged by the paris city around the fifties, found its origin in a trend of fast economic growth conditions. This policy has given birth in priority to the modernization of the parisian real estate basis and the construction of many residences. From 1975, a new policy in space organisation and urbanism, based on more diversificated options is appeared. This report's try to analyse the main objectives in space management and particulary concerning :. The problems linked to lodging and lodging again ; the preservation and the development of industrial, artisan and commercial activities ; the integration of buildings in the urban texture ; the aspects of renovation and rehabilitation ; the strongthening of public equipments, cultural and hobby ones ; the creation of green spaces and pedestrian passages. The new policy in space organisation and urbanism in paris find today its frame from these criteria and through the creation of z. A. C. 's. In addition, the aim of this report is to analyse that parisian z. A. C. 's policy by taking the particular exemples of operations planned or realized in the "z. A. C. Des amandiers", in the 20th arrondissement by an organism "s. E. M. E. A. Xv" tool of this important operation. . In a first step, this survey draws the z. A. C. 's policy and the reglementation inside them and states exemples of such operations in paris. .
Yeh, Ju-Ping. "Train à grande vitesse et projet d'urbanisation : la mise en place de la ligne Taïpei-Kaohsiung à Taïwan." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070003.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three parts. The first part offers the background of the high-speed railway project. It describes the plan of Taiwan's geographical context and development history. It ends with the demographic and economic aspects, with a brief presentation of political institutions and their recent evolution. The second part deals with the implantation of the high-speed railway project. It reviews the technical and political chronicle of a big public decision. It reveals that how the government finds itself ill-equiped while facing budgetary dilemmas which result from the scope of investments, and how this ultimately forces the government to give the concession to private sectors. The choices of content and status influence territory planning and are in keeping with a much more general process which affects the whole social organization. The high-speed railway, an emblematic object, is both an excuse and a driving force for revolution. The third part of the thesis is devoted to the realization of the high-speed railway. Noteworthy is the interesting partnership formed between the public and private sectors. The main considerations of the planning operations around the stations include: means to balance the accounts of investments for the concessionary company, expectation of development for the communities, and prospect of easy speculation for many people. There is in fact a blossoming of project, planned on territorial communities' initiatives. It is doubtful about all these initiatives who drive to the hopeful development, however, some new practices regarding the urbanization of Taiwan are a virtual certainty
Jaquet, Laure. "Stabilité et instabilité des valeurs mobilisées dans, par et pour le projet d'urbanisme." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1801/document.
Full textAction in urban planning remains a field of research rich in terms of its complexity. Each project is performed based on an anticipated, partially determined, operating process and on beliefs as opposed to evidence. An urban planning project is defined as the interlink between several ambiguities, notably between the intended action of the planning and the reality of the situation. This research contributes to a better understanding of the practical considerations of an urban project, an exercise of complexity. The values as operators in urban planning constitute the subject of this research. We propose to provide substantial insights into the practicalities of urban planning by analyzing the mobilization of these values, in, for and by the project. The intrigue of this research is the relationship between the mobilization of these values in urban planning and the project itself. The hypotheses of this work rely on the interaction between the dynamic of this mobilization and the dynamic of the project. A study of the Bossut project in Cergy-Pontoise, which has been in the planning stages for four decades, and an analysis of the mobilization of the values herein (centrality, identity and connection), revealed that they did indeed support the project and, in return, were supported by it. Represented by the figure three-Legged stool / “Culbuto”, the dynamic of the mobilization of values in, for, and by the project, at times stable and unstable, allows managing and putting into practice some of the complexity of urban planning
Poyat, Yannick. "La cartographie des services écosystémiques rendus par les sols : un nouvel outil pour des projets d'urbanisme durable." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://theses.scd.univ-tours.fr/index.php?fichier=priv/2018/yannick.poyat_8186.pdf.
Full textIn France, the expansion of urban areas has followed an almost linear evolution since the 1990s, increasing by about 57,000 ha per year. This situation is unsustainable because urbanization induces the destruction of a nonrenewable natural resource essential for the maintenance of human welfare : the soil. Soil knowledge is perceived as a constraint in urban planning in so far as it contributes to questioning the destructive aspect of urban projects. However, given the dichotomy between pedology and urbanism, we can hypothesis that local politicians do not have knowledge of environmental and socio-economic issues related to soil conservation. A survey work was therefore conducted with local politicians to understand the relationship between representations and practices. Results show that the soil is preserved as soon as the ecosystem services it supports are broadly reconised. Knowledge of this social value can be seen as a prerequisite for designing decision support tools to integrate sustainable soil management into urban planning processes
Abdoun, Mahdi. "Le processus de métropolisation dans la ville d'Alger." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083235.
Full textCette thèse s’intéresse au processus de métropolisation qui se met en place dans la ville d’Alger ces dernières années. La recherche aborde dans un premier lieu les discours produits sur la métropolisation par les différents acteurs publics et privés qui agissent dans cette ville et par les professionnels de l’espace et les universitaires qui commencent à s’intéresser récemment à cette notion. Ces différents discours sont discutés et complétés par le propre discours de cette thèse à travers un corpus théorique fondateur du concept et lié au cas d’Alger. Ce corpus théorique a constitué ensuite l’élément conducteur d’une recherche d’indicateurs dit de métropolisation pour la ville suivant les orientations et les méthodes des écoles françaises et canadiennes dans ce domaine. Ces indicateurs ont permit de mettre en évidence des évolutions récentes de l’agglomération en relation avec le processus de métropolisation et qui parait n’être qu’a son commencement. La thèse démontre aussi la relation forte qui existe entre l’amorce de grandes opérations urbaines , les projets urbains, et le développement du processus de métropolisation. Enfin, elle montre dans quelle mesure le processus qui se met en marche contribue à transformer et recomposer le territoire de la métropole ainsi que sa répartition démographique suivant une tendance d’un dépeuplement du centre et une explosion de la périphérie. Cette périphérie ou se crée des polarisations nouvelles qui prennent de plus en plus d’importance suivant des formes urbaines hybrides que les professionnels de l’espace commencent à peine à prendre en charge
Blum, Ileana. "Régénération urbaine et renouvellement des pratiques d'urbanisation en Roumanie." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0063/these.pdf.
Full textThe time between the fall of the communist regime in 1989 and the accession to the EU in January 2007 was a period of profound transformations in Romania. During this period, Bucharest – the capital of the country – strived to achieve a new status as a European city. In the context of changes generated by the transition to a market economy, Bucharest is facing several problems related to the decay of the inner urban space and the deterioration of the city’s social, economic, political and finance fabric. In this context, issues like urban regeneration, sustainable development and integrated urban projects have become subjects of debate among urban planners in Romania. In European countries, the urban actors' interest in urban regeneration is converted into political willingness to react to urban areas in crisis. Supported by the EU policies, these actions towards urban regeneration and sustainable development emerge from a theoretical, operational and political framework which (although often challenged) is designed to cope with the urban issues. Firstly, this research aims to clarify notions as sustainable development and urban regeneration as defined by the EU policies. It also aims to identify the transmission channels of these notions and their impact as model and standard on the urban public policies in Romania, during the pre-accession period, from 2000 to 2006. Secondly, we chose as our case-study the ongoing urban regeneration project of the historical core of Bucharest. We analyzed the distance between the political positions and the practices of urban regeneration. We thus confronted urban actors’ representation of urban regeneration and integrated project (as defined by the national policies in agreement with EU policies) with their real-life application. We questioned the use of notions like urban regeneration and integrated project as models for local urban players, in the context of Romania’s accession to EU
Blum, Ileana Sandu Alexandru Zimmermann Monique. "Régénération urbaine et renouvellement des pratiques d'urbanisation en Roumanie le cas du Centre historique de Bucarest /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=hapenciuc_blum.
Full textNguyen, Thai Huyen. "Ambition technopolitaine, projet d'urbanisme et planification urbaine : les limites et avantages d'un modèle, le cas de la région de Hanoï." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30010.
Full textTechnology parks appear as another step in the process of industrialization. Due to the change in the economic environment of industrial production in a highly competitive global economy, innovation capacity is a key factor in competitiveness. Technology parks are becoming a model attracting interest from the newly industrialized countries and emerging countries due to their ability to stimulate the economy and accelerate technology transfer. Like other countries in the peninsula of Southeast Asia and wanting to fit in the competitive worldwide market, the Vietnamese government expressed its desire to create high-tech parks or "science parks", post-1992, leading to the creation of Hoa Lac high-tech park in Hanoi and Saigon high-tech park in Ho Chi Minh City. Our thesis is in part to try to remedy the weaknesses of the implementation process of technology parks as this is considered a key element for promoting the development of high technology in emerging economies. The thesis sought to answer the following questions: What is the planning process and establishment of science parks or high-tech parks in Vietnam? In the social, cultural and economic context of Vietnam, what lessons (knowledge and expertise) can we learn from the process of the development of existing Asian and European science parks? The thesis provides updated knowledge of the development process of high-tech parks in the countries of Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular. Prior to this thesis, there was a lack of literature covering this subject area. The research has identified the conditions that we consider necessary to promote successful developments of high-tech parks within the Vietnamese context. The thesis stipulates both the potentials and risks of these proposals
Guinand, Sandra. "Comme une mode urbaine : projets de régénération urbaine et patrimonialisation à Porto et Marseille." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010662.
Full textPeynichou, Lorraine. "Quand les promoteurs immobiliers produisent la ville de demain : étude de deux projets urbains de standing en France et au Mexique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1085/document.
Full textReal-estate companies became important stake holders within the city planning process. They moved to new stakes and spaces of urban planning. We suggest that one of the reasons of these new challenges is that some big real-estate companies are focused the themes of innovation and experimentation and are more and more characterized by their involvement within the public – private organizations. This search for innovative proposals has led several organisational transformations within the mix of urban project stakeholder groups. The hegemonic tendency of the real-estate companies can be organized around several phases of urban projects: conception, construction, monitoring, management, etc. Its means that some real-estate companies are not only in charge of the construction phase of urban projects – like they use to be – because they also conquered new phases that participate to the elaboration and to the operational process of urban projects. This recent evolution is linked with strategic views, coming from these companies, on the way they think about urban planning and on the notion of quality of life. It represents, for this type of companies, a change of paradigm in the way of conceiving the production of urban space, but it also represents an evolution of the internal organization of public – private partnership. As several members of a French real-estate companies put it during our interviews, this change involves a new title: they evolve from real estate developers to “urban operators”. We saw, in our fieldwork, that it has led to various developments, such as: a change of temporal perspective, from short term commitment they move towards mid or long-term outlooks. Being “urban operators” also means that they have to be very cognisant about new lifestyles, new kinds of behaviours and needs, because it affects their marketing power. Thirdly, companies are sensitive and even greedy about information that concerns how people react to their proposals. This has led to several organizational transformations with, for instance, the emergence of new kinds of “research and development” areas, specific investments funds, contracts with social science researchers, etc. We studied two contexts in particular: flagship urban projects within the urban renovation process in France and in Mexico. With two cases: Plaza Carso in Mexico and the eco neighbourhood du Fort in Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris. The ranking of flagships projects is a strong trigger for innovation. Plaza Carso and the Fort are characterized by a very strong involvement of real-estate companies that rebuilt the relationship with the local authorities. In both situations, real-estate companies had benefitted from legal specificities, and even legal liberalization in the Mexican case, to develop the project
Feildel, Benoît. "Espaces et projets à l'épreuve des affects : pour une reconnaissance du rapport affectif à l'espace dans les pratiques d'aménagement et d'urbanisme." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537920.
Full textChaab-Vallet, Meriam. "L'insertion spatiale des projets "exceptionnels" de clusters-campus : comparaison internationale France-Russie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2043.
Full textWhether we call them clusters, technopoles, campus or Knowledge Industries, these places, symbols and indices of metropolisation, multiply in the Western world. They aim to connect stakeholders in the production of knowledge and companies with the aim of stimulating the emergence of innovations. Our thesis work aims to question the production methods of these places, specifics by their form and their function, the system of stakeholders that is at the origin of them and their relationship to the territory, from a multi-scalar perspective. The spatial inscription of a campus or a cluster in its urban environment cannot be understood without an analysis of the relationships between the various stakeholders involved. We hypothesize that the interactions between the stakeholders of urban production and those of the university system and the production of knowledge are crucial to understanding the territorial integration of a cluster or a campus. These stakeholders are placed in a complex system of interactions that we have tried to explain. By comparing two self-proclaimed "exceptional" projects - the Paris-Saclay campus and the Skolkovo Innovation Center in Moscow, this thesis shows that historical, social and urban contexts are decisive factors in the appropriation of the "urban model" of campus-cluster and that the factors of acclimatization and translation remain powerful, even in a context of globalization. This work aims to highlight the paths of dependency, both in scientific and urban policies, that determine the spatial configuration of projects that showcase the knowledge economy
Mullon, Rachel. "La réception des modèles urbains dans la pratique urbanistique : une entrée par les références en situation de conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2191/document.
Full textOver the last twenty years, promotional discourse on urban development has been assigning the labels of “best practice” or “model to follow” to an increasing number of specific sites and processes. My thesis explores how these models are received and used by urban developers and other relevant actors. My approach aims at following actors as closely as possible with regard to their working practices. To do so, the notion of “model” is put aside and favored over by the notion of “reference”, whose definition is methodologically based. A reference is the representation of an object (idea, image, text) that is cited within a design situation other than the one it was initially conceived in. Any object can become a reference, but it only becomes a reference when its representation is cited in another design situation. The notion of reference is studied during multiple stages of urban design: from conception to moments during which actors think, talk and plan alone or collectively, to decision-making about the transformation of spatial uses. Two methods were used. First, I carried out semi-structured interviews with 30 actors with the aim of understanding how actors perceive their use of references. Second, I observed and analyzed four specific situations during which actors were designing urban masterplans in order to understand the use of references in the design process.Both methods were applied in France and in the USA (Oregon) and converged in their results, leading to a more precise understanding of the notion of reference. References are mainly urban, anchored within a territory and local. They have many purposes, from communicating and negotiating within a group, to making design decisions, as well as reading an urban context and evaluating design propositions. The present analysis of how references are used is particularly useful for the current debate in urban studies concerning policy and the mobility of ideas. In the design process, there is not one model but a multitude of urban objects that are cited, analyzed and described. Each masterplan is the result of a coordination between an actual context and these cited objects, projects, existing spaces, generic objects and forms, and theories
Jolivet, Delphine. "Maturité du projet d'urbanisme et temporalités : détermination de la maturité du projet selon son épaisseur et sa transversalité temporelles." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985753.
Full textDubois, Jérôme. "Communautés de politiques publiques et projets urbains : deux opérations d'urbanisme municipales : Antigone à Montpellier, 1978-1985 et Sextius-Mirabeau à Aix-en-Provence, 1989-1995." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0090.
Full textThe study of two municipal urban plans is a matter of overstepped the neo-institutional viewpoint of the local government study for wonder about the actor's structuring who have various membership. By the use of national state models, this work attempts to analyse the local public policies and the urban governance, and the possibilities and the limits of this size changing. This work is composed of three parts, corresponding to three moments of the analysis : the first establishes the local and national representations role in the development of local urban plans. The second examines the actor's structuring beyond their institutional status, and study the interpersonal mobilisations, from the analysis of networking studies. The third studies the production of ideas and "rules of game" between actors. This two urban plans attest that public policies take off the formation of local norms of action
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Full textOur research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Parvu, Laura-Maria. "L'aménagement urbain au défi du développement durable : dans les coulisses de la fabrique urbaine de Toulouse Métropole." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10001.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis we tried to open the "black box" of the vast field of research dedicated to ‘Sustainable Urban Development’ by trying to give our own perspective through our deep analysis, within the frame of a CIFRE contract, in an institution that is looking for sustainability, the Toulouse Metropolis. In order to do this, we have chosen the concept of ‘uncertainty’ as a way to define best sustainability policies and especially the concept of ‘sustainable city’ that we questioned indifferent aspects. Our entire research shows how the issues of translation of the global topic of ‘Sustainable Development’ (which consists of adapting to the singularity of a territory the general precepts produced in distant arenas) question the officials of Toulouse Metropolis who, willy-nilly, continue their way to sustainability by ensuring the metropolitan future of this institution
Ferguson, Yann. "Politiser l'action publique : une approche par les instruments : le cas du programme Constellation." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20026/document.
Full textLarge urban projects have come to play an indispensible part in local development strategies, in the context of competition between areas. Their successful conduct often requires calling into question conventional ways of organizing public action. The Constellation project in Toulouse, including an industrial zone and two eco-neighborhoods, provides an occasion to re-examine local urban knowledge and practices. This process is seen in the tools used deliberately to calm the incertitude caused by departures from traditional ways of building cities. They can include charters, team projects, procedural designations of urbanists and architects, drawing up of quality standards and managing on-site locales. They mobilize new participants and new forms of management. Users of the site accredit them with an ability to transform an urban project’s culture. This doctoral thesis intends to provide an understanding of how participants use these tools in a situation of uncertainty. It shows how action involves four types of mediation: pragmatic, epistemic, interactive, and symbolic. Combinations of these produce four mechanisms for delimiting problems: association and community building, selection and socialization. The whole gives an account of the politicization of action insofar as the tools transform the nature of exchanges, from economic to political ones
Sfeir, Nagi. "Le realurbanisme ou la realpolitik de l'urbain : une étude de cas libanaise." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH010.
Full textAs an aim of this doctoral thesis, we intend to introduce into territory sciences, and especially into urbanism, a new model of "realist" analysis and comprehension of urban politics and practices, as defined into "political realism" in international relations theories In our empirical-inductive analysis of urban politics and practices in Lebanon, we identify an "anarchical state" of lebanese urbanism that can be approached with "international anarchical state", particularly at the level of urban governance systems as a private and autonomic model of government of lebanese micro-territories. As we transpose the international relations thesis of realism revisited into the revealing characteristics of lebanese urbanism, we introduce "realurbanisme", constructed on three fundamental and corollary thesis: "the anarchical urban governance", "the privatization of urbanism" and "the power relationships and their balance". Than, we empirically demonstrate and validate the pertinence and accuracy of realurbanism threw a case-study at Bourj-Hammoud, a lebanese city in the northern suburb of Beirut, concerned on its water front (marine and fluvial) by the project Linord for the master-planning of northern littoral of Beirut. After that, we try to affranchise realurbanism from its determinism as clearly inherited from political realism due to its balance of power to a voluntary tool for anarchical elaboration of "urban project" : "the sociocratic negotiation". Finally, as an opening of our thesis, we consider the possibility of integration of sustainable urban development into realurbansim and lastly examine the theoretical convergences, between realurbanism and urban liberalism
Ambal, Julie. "Projets urbains et imaginaires de la mobilité, les nouveaux récits de la fabrique métropolitaine : le cas du mégaprojet Bordeaux Euratlantique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0206/document.
Full textThe mobility of men and women is a major issue in the manufacturing of contemporary territories. Long linked to technical issues and to the efficiency of public and individual transport, it becomes the basis for a redefinition of social and spatial practices in a context of metropolisation and shared values on the protection of the environment. In local public policies and urban projects, the organization of mobility, technical systems and services is a key element in the national and international attractiveness of cities to populations and businesses. It is also the significant support for daily change in lifestyles and aspirations.Our purpose is to question the place it holds in the imaginations of urban projects expressed in their narrative, formulated by the tools of urban marketing and storytelling. Our main hypothesis is that there is a dialectic between the imaginary of mobility, individual and collective, in urban projects; dialectic that accompanies the emergence of new ways of moving and the abandonment of models marked among others using the automobile. The innovative narrativization and unfolding of imaginaries are captured through a case study, Bordeaux Euratlantique megaproject, a new stage in the transformation of the Bordeaux metropolis. Operation of National Interest, led by an ad hoc project management, is an experimental laboratory that foreshadows the mobility of tomorrow and reconfigures the imaginary. There is the idea of speed (hypermobility, connection, network) and slowness (proximity and search for energy sobriety), a combination supported by experts and some of the inhabitants. The project also reveals individual imaginaries, gradually sedimented by the practices and experiences of each, that we qualify in the form of four figures, "opportunistic", "optimized", "smart", "virtuous": they embody the tendencies contemporary mobility. In our opinion, the interweaving of these imaginaries offers an original angle of apprehension of urban manufacturing, emphasizing the importance of representations and discourses to chart the future of cities. From a methodological point of view, our thesis mobilizes a variety of qualitative methods: collective interviews, individual interviews, press reviews, documentary, figurative and archival analysis, direct observations of project sites; participation in consultation meetings.Our demonstration is organized in three parts. The first synthesizes a state of the art that frames our theme and refines our analytical choices. The reading of a multidisciplinary literature combines sociology, political science, urbanism, geography and landscape, to show the value of the concept of urban project and the idea of narrative centered on the theme of mobility. We specify our analysis grid based on a discussion of the notion of imaginary. In the second part, we analyze the Bordeaux experience and the Euratlantique megaproject, which brings a renewed approach to mobility. In the third part, we confront imaginary individual and collective work in the urban project to grasp the complex dynamic of the change of the imaginary. We detail in appendices the survey devices; the iconographic corpus and we situate projects and operations mentioned via cartographic documents
Park, Jungyoon. "Les stratégies et projets urbains pour l’attractivité territoriale : rôle, place, et signification des nouveaux espaces de consommation urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3026.
Full textThe principal aim of our work consists of questioning the role of consumption activities and spaces in local strategies for attractiveness. How is the concept of consumption involved in the dynamics of territorial development, in particular, in terms of the relation among “image,” “marketing” and “attractiveness”? How can we understand “the concept of new consumption space” such as it is employed by the cities that desire to reinforce their attractiveness? To emphasize the importance of consumption spaces in policies for local attractiveness, following a theoretical discussion (part one), we present three case studies (part two) exploring the questions of territorial attractiveness and consumption space: 1. Our first example is “Bercy Village,” a new Parisian consumption space created within the framework of the ZAC Paris Bercy at the end of the 1990s. 2. Second, we examine projects and strategies of urban regeneration in Turin, Italy. Turin is in search of attractiveness by reinforcing the aspects of culture, leisure and tourism. The importance of the attraction of mega-events and the development of global urban strategies (the Spina Centrale project and Turin’s Strategic Plan) is particularly stressed in this example. 3. Finally, we turn to the restoration project of the Cheonggye river (Cheonggyecheon). Seoul, the capital of South Korea, recently restored a forgotten river in an old commercial district, notorious for traffic jams and pollution. Through this project, Seoul was able to create a new attractive riverwalk for city users
Lacroix, Jonathan. "L’approche Urban Living Lab pour insuffler l’innovation en urbanisme ? Contribution à la conception d’une ingénierie de pilotage de l’innovation urbaine : application à l’Opération d’Intérêt National d’Alzette Belval." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0185.
Full textThe urban development project is confronted with increasingly complex territorial and urban problems. How then can we enrich or even renew practices by experimenting with new configurations of actors, methods and tools? Solutions will be sought here in the field of urban innovation, which covers a wide range of initiatives, including method innovation in urban planning. In this theoretical and operational context calling for experimentation, the research approach followed aims to link the potential offered by certain innovative practices with the needs of urban planning. The Urban Living Lab project mode makes it possible to manage a multi-stakeholder and collaborative space and innovation process. The conduct of research and intervention in the context of the Alzette Belval National Interest Operation experimented with the integration of an Urban Living Lab approach into the governance, management and operational processes of an urban development project. This research work leads to the identification of the potential of the Urban Living Lab in terms of dialogue between the processes of project management of an urban development project and an innovation process producing actionable knowledge. Experience shows the ability of the Urban Living Lab approach to renegotiate the governance boundaries of the urban development project and to ensure that it is anchored in territorial governance
Chemin, Le Piolet Séverine. "De la quête de cohérence du projet urbain aux pratiques d’ajustements entre vision prospective, stratégies urbaines et opérations d’aménagement : le territoire stéphanois à l’épreuve de l’urbanisme réflexif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH016/document.
Full textIn a context of urban transformations, emergence of new process such as globalization and "métropolisation" and increase in the number of actors taking place on territories, the question about the consistency of spaces and actions which are led inside, settles there more and more frequently. The urban project appearing as the inescapable tool of the contemporary city, this reflection asserts the hypothesis that the consistency of the global urban project lies in the joint of the projects concerning the various essential scales from the territory. One of the objectives of the research is to measure the impact of our uncertainty contemporary context on the planning through the urban project notion and the method of projects development. The reflection is thus interested in emerging tools which facilitates the joint of scales and projects steps, joint identified as essential element in the urban project coherence. This joint is crucial to reach some urban coherence because it brings to light the interactions of the operational interventions together, and allows to estimate their coherence degree with the global planning. This question has a particular character in Saint-Etienne because the territory combines projects coming within several actors. The research in the form of Industrial Agreement of Training by the Research is the opportunity to test the development of a legibility tool and the coherence of the urban project of Saint Etienne called " Atlas of the urban project " within the town planning and development pole of this city which is Saint Etienne
Delbaere, Denis. "Table rase et paysage : projet d'urbanisme et contextualité spatiale dans le Plan Voisin de Le Corbusier (1925) et la cité Concorde de Le Maresquier (1954)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0144.
Full textIn this work, we are exploring what we call "the minimum de gree of contextuality in urbanism" with the study of two contrasted projects, both built on a "tabula rasa" : the Plan Voisin in Paris (Le Corbusier, 1925) and the Concorde housing district in Lille (Le Maresquier, 1954). The texts and the figures are studied first from the point of view of their history and then of their "stating scene". We show how the rules for a "treatise on urbanism" (Plan Voisin) or the rules for an "architectural contest's file" (Concorde) are stating both project's contextuality. Tools are set up for the analysis of figures, And, beyond differences, a comon contextuality appears which is anticipating the inadequation between the project and the place it's located on. This is achived by creating an "infralieu", meaning a virtual middle course issued by the figuration, after a discreet process of avoiding, transfering and reversing selected aspects of the place chosen for the project
Tardieu, Charlotte. "Transition énergétique dans les projets urbains : conditions de mise en œuvre. Analyse des cas Paris Rive Gauche, Clichy-Batignolles et Paris Nord Est." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10024/document.
Full textUrban development projects provide an excellent opportunity to design energy and carbon efficient cities since they consider the relationship between a set of urban objects consuming and producing energy. Indeed, urban and architectural levers can be activated during an urban project. In this thesis, we compare three urban large-scale projects led by the City of Paris: Paris Rive Gauche, Clichy-Batignolles and Paris Nord Est. Through a qualitative and comparative approach, we seek to understand actor interactions, to highlight the spatio-temporal logics and identify the design parameters used to ensure energy quality. Our analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with the actors of these three urban projects, and all the technical documents we could access. After describing how energy issues have been taken into account in each of the three projects, we compare the procedures and actions that have been implemented. We observe that energy issues are not considered as strategic elements of the urban development process. Actions set up mainly focus on the reduction of building energy demand, ignoring other potential energy savings. The energy performance of buildings is ensured through a relatively conventional environmental quality approach. However, covering the energy needs of new districts with local renewable energy constitutes an important factor of change in urban development practices. Urban developers now need to consider urban areas as potential energy producers instead of energy consumers. This study leads us to question the appropriate scale to define and implement an energy strategy for the urban fabric as well as the best actor to coordinate it
Chemrouk, Ouassim. "La baie d’Alger, une entité paysagère unique entre enjeux politiques, économiques et aménagement." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL062.
Full textSummary With its amphitheater configuration that opens to the sea and its location in the center of the southern shore of the Mediterranean, the bay of Algiers seems to have been predestined to expose and represent the image of the city. Thus, all the interventions on the image of the city seem to have had as a corollary, the transformation of its bay. It is then, without any surprise, that Algiers' new strategic development plan was articulated around a "pearl necklace" around the bay. The latter was to be adorned with iconic and structuring projects that would strengthen the attractiveness of the city among the Mediterranean cities. Considering the introduction of these new projects as an opportunity for a deep investigation of the city’s development, this doctoral research begins by demonstrating that there is a tradition for large projects in Algiers. However, for various reasons, these projects are generally only partially realized and the city seems to evolve in a quite spontaneous manner and in response to day-to-day needs and circumstances. Based on three emblematic projects in progress - The relocation of the port and the waterfront's development, the great promenade of the Bay and that of the great mosque of Algiers, Jamā El Jazā'ir- the research shows that this tradition continues despite environmental and societal constraints. In conclusion, this research shows that behind ideological ambitions, there is now, in Algiers, a real willingness to enhance cultural and natural heritage potential
Vodouhe, Sèlognon Gilles. "Hautepierre : un éco-quartier modèle pour la ville de Strasbourg : utopie ou réalité ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG041.
Full textStrasbourg City choice of a “garden area” method of urban planning as the Urban Renewal Project (PRU) of Hautepierre area is not without questioning specialists interested in the subject. This thesis analyzes the potential resources of Hautepierre area to be reorganized into a “garden area”. This research sheds also lights on the elaborating process of the PRU, the involvement of the inhabitants, and the principal actors of this project (inhabitants, social landlords bailleurs sociaux, professionals and political representives). Evaluating the participation of Hautepierre inhabitants in the elaboration of the Urban Renovation Project (PRU) in term of capability reveals that there is no real active participation of these inhabitants. The “garden area” appears as a compromise between the National Urban Renewal Agency (ANRU) security requirements and the demand made by the inhabitants to preserve green areas. This choice is also symbolic in regard to the history of Hautepierre area and its socio-economic caracteristics
Adam, Matthieu. "La production de l'urbain durable. L'enrôlement des concepteurs et des habitants par l'intégration des contradictions." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1802/document.
Full textThe influence of neoliberalism on the production of urban spaces results in the commodification of spaces, thecompetition between cities, and the metropolisation process. It also generates the spread of watchwords, amongwhich “project”, “sustainable urban development”, “participation” and “social diversity” are the most common.This creates contradictions between the rhetorical and practical aspects of the urban production: the oppositionbetween the theoretically infinite horizon of the urban project on one side, and its realization in timed operationson the other side ; the gap between the values of sustainable urban development, and its achievements dictatedby economic imperatives ; the contradiction between the injunction to participate and urban planning as a practicethat remains top down ; the gap between advocated social diversity and socially selective urbanization.These contradictions are identified by both designers and inhabitants. However, despite their criticism, the levelof conflict in contemporary urban production remains low. Therefore, this work aims to understand and explainwhich function these contradictions occupy, since they do not lead to an opposition.To achieve this objective, the thesis bases itself on structural constructivism, and the use of representations.Access to the representations of inhabitants and designers is achieved through the collection and analysis of theirdiscourses on two emblematic projects, that are approached as mediation apparatuses of their representations:Bottière-Chénaie in Nantes and Confluence in Lyon.The analysis shows that the contradictions that were identified are integrated into the production mode. Theirfunction is to mobilize: they are part of the enrollment of designers and inhabitants in the contemporary urbanproduction
Assennato, Marco. "Une Marseillaise sans Bastille à prendre : Manfredo Tafuri enquête par la philosophie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1019/document.
Full textCertain aspects of Manfredo Tafuri's work have been recently reexamined by the academic community. However, the redraft of his ideas has likely generated both several misunderstandings and misconceptions. His theoretical approach is one of the main keys to interpret his work: the issue of any architectural process is the complexity of the process itself. The theoretical issues of an architectural project relates to Tafuri’s argument regarding the basic constraints that we could find in the philosophical debate about modernity, techniques, languages, freedom and the constraints on subjective action. Tafuri tracks an extraordinarily rich cartography of architecture and a cultural and political pathway that connects a wide critical thinking sphere of the Italian intelligentsia between the 1960s and 1980s
Campobenedetto, Daniele. "L’Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme tra rénovation e forma urbana (1967-1989) : il ruolo di un’agenzia pubblica nella trasformazione dello spazio urbano a Parigi : i casi delle Halles e del secteur de La Villette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1091.
Full textBetween the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris
Hajjar, Abboud. "La construction d’un cadre méthodologique pour l’élaboration de projets urbains durables en Syrie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1128/document.
Full textAfter the appearance of the first generation of sustainable urban projects in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMC), the development of strategies, tools and standards are perceived by experts and specialists, as an absolute necessity to move the implementation of sustainable development in urban projects and the evolution of its contribution in the overall urban action to move to the "sustainable city». In this perspective, our thesis focuses on the development of operational procedures that can bring new thinking on urban practices in Syria, and especially the city of Aleppo, which is the experimental site of this thesis. In this country, the issue of sustainable urban development was imposed before the current war in urban public policy. Between 2000 and 2011, the Syrian national authorities (central government) and local authorities have launched several programs and urban projects, often in collaboration with the international donor funds (World Bank, GIZ, European Union ...).One objective of this thesis is to propose a methodological framework from the French approaches to the implementation of sustainable neighborhood projects, not by taking a totally inappropriate transfer of experience, but performing an analysis of the situation of the city of Aleppo, for the implementation tools to guide local actors of urban development ( local community office, .... ) for the post-war, and to support the design of sustainable urban projects at the interface of local problems and issues
Aimé, Julien. "La ville et les quartiers en train de se faire au rythme des projets urbains : une sociologie de l’expérience socio-spatiale des nouveaux quartiers." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0192/document.
Full textIn the course of the 2000 s, several medium-size cities in the East of France decided to design new neighborhoods dedicated mostly to housing. Ten years after, the first accommodations were made available to both homeowners and tenants, who began to occupy and appropriate those locations. The aim of this research, which relies on a ‘‘comprehensive’’ sociological approach in conjunction with qualitative research methods, is to give full account of the socio-spatial experience of the residents. More precisely, this PhD focuses on three neighborhoods in the making located in two medium-size cities in the East of France and is based on empirical material that includes semi-structured as well as unstructured interviews of the residents – independently of their occupancy status – and of the designers (elected officials, technicians, city planners, etc.). The space of the developing neighborhoods is analyzed following Henri Lefebvre’s model of the “spatial triad”, which divides space into “the conceived space” (or representations of space), “the perceived space” (or spatial practice) and “the lived space” (or representational space). Each of these moments is studied separately – to highlight the dialectic behind each moment – then together again to show the tensions at work. Focusing on the conceived space invites us to question the contemporary production method of cities which is embodied since the 1980 s by the concept of ‘‘urban project’’. The conceived space is also a marketed space, a virtual space, a 3D model space appearing in advertisements presenting the accommodations which are still under construction as a ready-to-live-in utopia. However, these ideal spaces are aseptic, bland and standardized. The developing neighborhoods also exist through their concrete practice, through the lived space. Although the local residents develop multiple identities and affiliations, even if they practice the urban world differently because of their backgrounds, their habits or their own mobility capabilities, the new neighborhood is a significant place both as a location, a territory and a milieu. Nevertheless, this research shows that new neighborhoods do not always carry the same significance but are highly dependent on the moments, contexts and situations when they are mobilized, that they truly represent an identity and representational issue
Guth, Sabine. "Architecture et projet (de l')urbain à l'aune de trois concepts opératoires dans la fabrique récente de la ville : la densité, la mobilité, le logement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC2011.
Full textReconstructing the relationship between the architectural object and urban space has been one of the major challenges of the post-modern recomposition of urbanism. In the context of widespread urbanization and the questioning of the urban condition in the last decades of the twentieth century, this question was the subject of invention and conceptualization, associated with a new instrument, the urban project. Then, as project-based urbanism gradually developed, this articulation - key to the elaboration of urban forms and a transcalar approach to ecosystemic socio-environmental issues - evolved through little-written practices, on the bangs of theoretical and critical reflection. This thesis examines the way in which the relationship between architecture and the urban project has been considered in France and, more generally, in Europe since the 1980s, by updating research on three key themes of this interface and of the programmatic and operational frameworks of contemporary urbanization : density, mobility and housing. Their re-examination brings to light the discreet role of an “urban-architectural project” - a concept borrowed from Europan to define a design scale between the broad urban project and the object, and to designate any architecture that becomes an intrinsic part of an urbanization project, taking on the issues of designing public space, landscape, territories and infrastructures - which refers to an essential space for reflection, poured into a common culture. This work identifies the conditions and driving forces, and shows in particular the extent to which this urban-architectural playground is shaped and delimited by certain “fictions” which, operating on the basis of reductive and often binary categorizations, have little to do with the multiple and complex realities of project situations. Research helps to forge these fictions, but it also helps to unveil them. This re-reading shows how the manufacture of urban forms is standardized by the recurrent dogma of densification, mobilized yesterday in the name of modernizing lifestyles, today in the perspective of the sustainable city, through the instrumentalization of architecture. It also sheds light on the effects on the morphology of urban space of the primacy given to flows as part of the metropolization of territories, while highlighting the potential for (re)negotiating the nature and status of open spaces offered by the new paradigms of mobility. Lastly, it examines the place of standards and judgments of taste in housing and related urban projects, as well as in their critical reception, and more broadly questions the stakes and place of experimentation in urban design. Based on the observation that the diffuse nature of the urban-architectural project, and the difficulty of grasping, implementing and transmitting it, have led to certain fields of exploration being closed off, this thesis suggests that the concept of the urban-architectural project would benefit from being better visualized and defined to become a real critical tool, with theoretical and practical foundations that can be debated and transmitted
Quaeybeur, Clément. "Entre urbanisme et paysage : des territoires de projets. : Analyse d’une séquence urbaine : Euralille 1, Euralille 2, Saint-Sauveur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10218.
Full textIn France, some urban design general discussions focus on the border between the projects made by the urban designer and the one made by the landscape architects (Champy, 2000): between concurrency and complementary (Donadieu, 2012). In the 2000s, we can give a mark on a movement involved in some disciplinary crosses, between landscape and urban design. It takes place into an historic development of the landscape architect profession since the late 1960s (Estienne, 2010). Others observe what they call sub-urbanism (Marot, 1995, 1999, 2006), or “urbanisme de révélation” (Fromonot, 2011). In urban design practices, what kind of exchanges can lay out the interface between landscape and urbanism? This thesis analyses a local urban sequence, one territory in the city of Lille made by three projects over a quarter of a century (1989-2013): Euralille 1, Euralille 2, Saint-Sauveur. The investigation highlights the relations in the works made by the landscape architects and the urban designer. The analysis looks mainly on the opening works and designs, and study as much as graphic documents produced in the studios than the discourse logic associated to the projects. The work shows the exchanges that could organize the synaptic interface between urbanism and landscape design or planning. It opens directions for the consideration of the landscape architect work and the landscape thinking method, in the development of our contemporary cities
Ballout, Jean-Marie. "Territorialisation par "ville nouvelle" au Maghreb. Regard croisé sur les projets d'Ali Mendjeli ( Constantine) et de Tamansourt (Marrakech)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994394.
Full textToubal, Samer. "Urban design et projet urbain entre spécialisation et multidisciplinarité : l’identité professionnelle des concepteurs et leurs marges de manœuvre dans le projet." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1167.
Full textThrough a historical-epistemological approach and an analysis of actual practices, this work focuses on the temporal dimension of professional specialization. There are two approaches to research long-term and short-term archi-urban design specialization. As a first step and making a round trip between American urban design and French urban project, we wonder about the origins of the emergence and evolution of groups of designers specialized in city-parts design. In a second step, we study four urban operations engaged in France since the introduction of the concept of urban project. The objective is to understand the impact of the multidisciplinary on the place and role of architects-urbanites in the project. The two approaches are complementary. They show that the leeway of a designer in the design process does not depend only on his professional identity but also on the time and duration of his involvement in these processes. This time and this duration can be controlled, in part, through the management of the project and its temporality. Thus, the birth of new specialties - as embodiments of the temporary specialization - not only due to the nature and context of the architectural and urban command, but also by the strategies put in place to respond to this command
Ragueneau, Sylvie. "Pékin : ville de projet, ville vécue." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0071.
Full textThe first question here is the true meaning of city project and city planning in the current context of urban explosion-¬implosion. For cities are not only the result of the work of architects and city planners, but are also produced through a long process which involves, in a mixture of dynamism and inertia, all kinds of forces. Thus, architects and city planners are more often spectators than authors of the transformations of cities. But on the other hand, city planners, architects and developers con front the real purpose of a city: to be the life-space for a great number of people. The question is thus: how can the new city be inhabited? The quality of urban life depends not only on urban form and its aesthetic and fonctional quality, but also on the adaptability of space, that is to say, the capacity and opportunity given to people to build links with surrounding built and non-built space. The second question is thus: what about those links, how do they work ? And then, what is the relationship between these two questions? If living in the city is difficult, urban production should also be questioned from that point of view. As an example, the phenomenal change in Beijing's (Peking's) appearance in the last years, especially before the 2008 Olympic Games, contrasts with the mythic history and eternal picture of the old city. Changes of scale, the disappearance of antique features, has shocked a great many people, in particular those who have visited the city before, ten or twenty years ago. All over the city, new developments are revealing highways, skyscrapers and the frenzy of commercial and financial business. . . . Money making became the main goal offered to the Chinese through the reform and opening policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping. But something seems to have been forgotten: human beings. A double hiatus appears and grows between the city project, the real built city and the ability of the people to live there to inhabit this place
Tolmer, Charles-Edouard. "Contribution à la définition d’un modèle d’ingénierie concourante pour la mise en oeuvre des projets d’infrastructures linéaires urbaines : prise en compte des interactions entre enjeux, acteurs, échelles et objets." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1190/document.
Full textHowever, the information management within an infrastructure project (road, rail, airport and other civil engineering works) also requires the use of specific methodologies and concepts like the concepts of ”level of detail” , ”level of development” or ”level of abstraction”. They are used to describe the relevant information that have to be exchanged between stakeholders, according to the modeling objectives in order to meet the project requirements. In the specific context of infrastructure projects, these tools are poorly defined, insufficient and sometimes bring to contradictory models.With a view to progress towards concurrent engineering design, our research is a contribution in two parts. Based on the principles of systems engineering, the first part is about to provide a methodology for requirements and relevant information identification to respond and control this response. The second part describes the project conceptual data model : it deals with the structure of the objects that model in connection with the requirements identification. This proposal is accompanied by a redefinition of several types of existing levels (detail, development, information, abstraction, etc.). These inputs are tested on a project of urban freeway in an industrial context.The exchange of information is at the center of BIM. The accuracy and quality of exchanged information participate in both technical and managerial project success. Our proposed methodology allows to change practices and the vision that the construction sector looks forward to the information it creates. It also participates in the digitalization of the construction sector
Blanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203.
Full textUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Nahon, Raphaël. "Modélisation des échanges radiatifs à l'échelle urbaine pour un urbanisme bioclimatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10130/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to evaluate the bioclimatism of an urban project at its early stages: its capacity to harness daylight, the energy efficiency of the projected building and the thermal comfort of the outdoor environment. A first proposal for the exterior geometry is made in the mass plan. At this stage, buildings are commonly represented as mass blocks. Architectural details, such as windows shapes, interior coatings or wall composition are not defined, and daylighting inside the buildings or thermal behavior of their envelope are impossible to model. Nevertheless, we show that it is possible to evaluate as soon as in the mass plan the impact of the exterior radiative sources on the bioclimatism of the project. The concepts of sufficient and useful luminances and radiant temperatures are introduced. The first two criteria traduce the percentage of the year in which an outside luminous source induces a convenient illuminance inside the buildings; the third one traduces the impact of an outside radiative source on the heating and cooling of the outside surfaces and the outdoor thermal comfort. We analyze their distribution on the sky vault and highlight its variability under different climates. The final objective of this thesis is to propose a software likely to lead the urban planners in their search of bioclimatic urban forms: ensuring daylight access inside the buildings, energy efficiency and outdoor thermal comfort
Jehl, Laura. "Restructurer les zones commerciales : enjeux urbanistiques et de gouvernance, pour des villes plus durables ?" Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUA022.
Full textThis thesis questions the emergence of new public-private projects to restructure peripheral commercial areas. Indeed, in recent years, we have been witnessing a reconsideration of the model of commercial "boxes" developed by the actors of mass distribution since the 1970s, for ecological, economic and political reasons. The thesis then studies the adoption of new strategies by the public and the private actors, in order to reintegrate retail areas into the constituted urban area and to perpetuate the value of the commercial assets. Based on an action-research methodology within the firm specialised in urban and commercial strategy Adenda, the thesis studies three innovative projects for the restructuring of commercial zones carried out in three French metropolises: the North commercial zone (Strasbourg), the Actisud zone (Metz) and the Petite Arche zone (Tours). These operations test and formalise a new "commercial urban planning project", which is based on an unprecedented public-private partnership approach and on the appropriation of the methods and tools of the urban project on commercial land. While the thesis identifies levers that promote the transformation of these areas, it also highlights the many difficulties in terms of governance, territorial planning, land control, economic balance and mixed functions. These projects are questioned regarding to their real contribution to the sustainable city and their replicability in other territories. Finally, prospects for improvement are proposed in order to reintegrate commerce into the field of sustainable urban planning
Cauhopé, Marion. "De la Poudrerie nationale de Toulouse au Cancéropole : la catastrophe d'AZF dans les dynamiques territoriales d'un espace industriel urbain (1850-2008)." Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20003.
Full textAZF factory blast, in Toulouse, France, on September 21, 2001, deeply questions the status of hazardous activities in urban areas. It challenges more precisely land-use patterns supported and claimed as legitimate by the industry. In our dissertation, we consider the disaster, as well as discourses about space it creates, and the new balance of power it reveals, as core starting points to analyze the relations between urban society and the chemical industry. The study goes back to the creation of an explosives factory in the mid-nineteenth-century. The material and symbolic effects of the disaster are thus considered in perspective to the spatial dynamics at work in a damaged urban area, in a long-term temporality. The ONIA, an ancestor of the AZF factory, appears as most emblematic of these changes. During the post-war period, it was considered a flagship company for Toulouse and its metropolitan area. Due to evolutions of industrial projects, themselves related to urban sprawl and renewed environmental concerns, it entered in a cycle of gradual decline, which ended up with AZF factory definitively closed in 2002. Lively debates about the future of chemical plants then opened new perspectives on the definition of urban renewal projects for damaged industrial areas. Prospects for an heath and research cancer center finally took shape with the Toulouse Cancer Campus. The project stands as a central piece of the post-AZF disaster reconstruction. It clearly reflects a break with the industrial past of Toulouse, as it proposes to re-enroll damaged areas into the urban and economic development perspective, closely related to the vision of a “winning” metropolis
Cucu, Graindorge Tatiana. "Contribution à une méthodologie d'évaluation à priori des projets de transport urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14488/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to provide to the local authorities a decision aid tool in order to formalize a participatory approach during the conception of a sustainable urban transport project, in a multi-criteria and multi-actors context. The methodology is based on the a priori evaluation of the impacts of a local project, involving stakeholders as soon as the diagnosis phase. This phase aims at identifying groups of actors according to their perception of urban phenomena, their interactions and their stated preferences of evolution. The diagnosis phase leads to the setting-up of a list of common indicators to be evaluated. The choice of alternatives to be studied is the result of the transferability techniques - based on the projects developed in other cities - and the stated preferences of local users. The probability of using the service is evaluated using an aggregated behavioral model that takes into account the fuzzy perception and the indecision of users in a new situation. Changes in the behaviour of the users are taken into account thanks to an indicator of robustness that tests the impact of exogenous parameters on the evolution of the probability of using a service. A traffic micro--simulator aims at assessing the impacts of the various scenarios on traffic, environment and the welfare of citizens– which is monetized. It illustrates the costs and indirect benefits expected with the implementation of project. A compromise solution is proposed: it aims at identifying an alternative that would best satisfy the representatives of the stakeholder groups – and not necessarily the optimal solution in terms of impacts
Moulin, Elodie. "Analyse des formes d’adaptation au risque dans la construction en zones inondables en région parisienne : ce pour quoi l’on décide de donner des gages et ce que l’on choisit d’ignorer." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1085/document.
Full textThis study is developed against a background of high estate pressure in the Ile-de-France region, of brownfield conversion and of increased urban densification. All these processes are leading to the land-use in floodrisk areas. The aim of this thesis is to analyse urbanisation process in floodrisk areas, with regard to the current transformations in urban design methods. Large urban development projects require the intervention of several stakeholders and significant expertise. Uncertainties in projects that are designed over ten, twenty or thirty years and the need to develop a progressive process have to be evaluated. Researchers and land-use stakeholders qualify this process of “urban project”. Our primary hypothesis was that the changes observed in urban project designs may challenge flood risk integration methods. Will the urban project stakeholders seize upon the risk integration in a different way using a more significant expertise and make risk management stakeholders play a part? Our analysis focus on two urban projects: les Ardoines in Vitry-sur-Seine and Parc-en-Seine in Villeneuve-le-Roi. Our study also integrates observation of other urban projects in the Greater Paris and in Germany. In our case studies in France, the risk is often analysed through the flood risk prevention plan. However, this will raise only marginally practices and urban forms related to prevention, protection and crisis management. Based on this concept it has been pro-posed that the application of the rule at the urban project scale is transformed into the construction of the ignorance process (Jouzel, Dedieu, 2013) concerning a global risk management, integrating all these actions. During the rule application, the advocacy coalitions (Sabatier, Jenkins-Smith, 1993) will find a common idea mainly focusing on ensuring the safety of goods and people and the hydraulic transparency. This expertise will be the most important piece to translate the rule in urban forms (stilts, raised ground floor, etc.) as a guarantee of good compliance with the rule. Construction of ignorance results in a lack of awareness of the impacts of development projects on the district and the city during flood periods. This process is partially filled in by a public development authority, which includes the two figures of the state, both protector and developer. They have for mission to develop and densify an area of three hundred hectares. The examples of German urban projects used in this thesis show a reversal of risk integration methods. The removal of any principle of prohibition of urbanization in flood-risk areas leads to the production of new rules in regard to urban forms (sealed buildings, elevated roads ...) and also the obligations relating to the warning and management crisis. In conclusion, our study has shown that once an urban project is completed, the in-habitants will be the ultimate witnesses to the segmentation of the flood risk management. Indeed, receiving information from risk exposure, does not integrate the implications of this exposure - that is to say the role it will have to play in case of flood. More communication would lead to raise the question of responsibilities of each party and would highlight that the risk remains despite protection tools
Ottaviano, Nancy. "Architectes-urbanistes 2.0 : enquête ethnographique sur une pratique de concepteurs de la ville à venir : des promesses du numérique à une innovation en situation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100019.
Full textAs contemporary architects and urbanists embrasse a large variety of practices, how does the rise of digital technologies in the civilian society affects their field ? Based on an ethnographic inquiry, this research questions the role of technics and technologies within the conception process of the city of tomorrow. Office of architecture and urbanism, digital start-up, independent research laboratory and a non-profit organisation frame the actions of a small team of designers. Following their paths, an analytical description reveals the impact of the linear innovation process scheme. Starting with theoretical works the interlocutors move to a collaborative R&D intended to be operational through visualizations tests and prototype and then to the realization of an innovative product : a digital application based on the principles of « open innovation » and designed to be used in the city making process. The analysis shows how the designers make sense of what they do on a daily basis and across the years, how they recurrently question their practice to legitimate their work. Going from the idea of producing a universal index score of the urban quality of life later, they actively promote what they call « collaborative urbanism » which is to be fulfilled using the tool they designed. The text shows how designers poach on various fields of knowledge and use « intellectual technologies » to manipulate numbers, datas, informations, models and pictures. The status and roles given to theses non-human things variate to follow the developments of their practice as a whole. From being scientific and objective to the use of metaphors, the interlocutors go from a virtual view of the city to a re-localized point of view. Keeping their favorite domain of scrutiny, they operate a conceptual U-turn: from datas to project on the model of a city to a city made of datas awaiting to be unveiled, thus going from prediction to innovation. Observed in context, the role of technology, its way of dealing with time and space, meet the various actors of city making processes, unveiling the fragile assemblage to be made between a simulated and stimulated future to a shared and concrete one
Périnaud, Clémentine. "De la ville industrielle à la ville désindustrielle : Analyse de la production socio-spatiale de deux territoires d'industrialisation ancienne (Givors et Terrenoire)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES026.
Full textThe thesis observes urban change in two early industrialised areas of the Lyon and Saint-Etienne metropolitan area (France) that support contradictory processes of enhancement/devaluation. The production of the small industrial towns of Givors and Terrenoire are the results of specific development strategies and geographical imaginaries that invested urban planning. We study how their local governments developed narratives about urban renewal that left their mark on the future of the territories. We used historical mapping to reveal the gap between the two cities’ urban social and economic changes in the XIXth and XXth century, and the representations of local authorities that often lag behind change. Thus, former representations of the industrial city and former planning practices are sustained in the long term. The two territories underwent several industrial restructurings until the late 1990's and retain the strong legacy of an urban fabric shaped by industry. Since then, in a complex post-industrial context, we show how urban policies refuse the industrial legacy for the sake of ensuring urban redevelopment. The search for residential and economic growth relies on the reusing of historical images of the two cities without breaching territorial devaluation. Thus, the production of renewed urban narratives encounters the resistance of the material and symbolic legacy inherited from the industrial past of the city
Tran, Khac Minh. "Des métropolisations en concurrence : le développement des périphéries urbaines de la région de Hô Minh Ville (Vietnam) sous l'effet de la création de zones industrielles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H102.
Full textSince the Đôi Moi (Renovation) reforms initiated in 1986, the Hô Chi Minh City region plays a fundamental role in the economic development of Vietnam. Owning one-third of Vietnam’s industrial parks, the four most developed provinces of Hô Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Đông Nai and Ba Ria Vung Tau form the largest urban-industrial pole in the south of Vietnam. Under the effects of the globalized industrialization, the suburban areas of the Hô Chi Minh City region are rapidly transforming, from the construction of multiples real estates projects and new cities to the development of new regional infrastructures. This thesis aims to decipher the synergy between industrialization, spontaneous urbanization and mega urban projects, as well as the interdependent relationship between localities and between different stakeholders. From local authorities to private real-estate developers, stakeholders adopt new negotiation methods and breaking-fence tactics, which leads to the creation of multiples public-private alliances in urban-industrial development. Contributing to the creation of new development pole, the metropolization intensified the competition between emerging provinces and Hô Chi Minh City, which reinforces the polycentric trend of regional construction. If the diversified metropolitan strategies adopted by the provincial authorities commonly lead to landscape transformation and functional redeployment, the competition between Hô Chi Minh City and the neighboring provinces generates multiples territorial fragmentation, socio-economic inequalities and environmental problems