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Journal articles on the topic 'Prolines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Singh, Manmeet, Abhinoy Kishore, Dibyajyoti Maity, et al. "A proline insertion-deletion in the spike glycoprotein fusion peptide of mouse hepatitis virus strongly alters neuropathology." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 20 (2019): 8064–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004418.

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Fusion peptides (FPs) in spike proteins are key players mediating early events in cell-to-cell fusion, vital for intercellular viral spread. A proline residue located at the central FP region has often been suggested to have a distinctive role in this fusion event. The spike glycoprotein from strain RSA59 (PP) of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) contains two central, consecutive prolines in the FP. Here, we report that deletion of one of these proline residues, resulting in RSA59 (P), significantly affected neural cell syncytia formation and viral titers postinfection in vitro. Transcranial inocula

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2

Tolmachova, Nataliya A., Ivan S. Kondratov, Violetta G. Dolovanyuk та ін. "Synthesis of new fluorinated proline analogues from polyfluoroalkyl β-ketoacetals and ethyl isocyanoacetate". Chemical Communications 54, № 69 (2018): 9683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05912h.

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3

Keller, Michael, Cédric Sager, Pascal Dumy, Mike Schutkowski, Gunter S. Fischer, and Manfred Mutter. "Enhancing the Proline Effect: Pseudo-Prolines for TailoringCis/TransIsomerization." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 12 (1998): 2714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja973966s.

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4

Heidenreich, Steffi, Pamela Weber, Heike Stephanowitz, et al. "The glucose-sensing transcription factor ChREBP is targeted by proline hydroxylation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 50 (2020): 17158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014402.

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Cellular energy demands are met by uptake and metabolism of nutrients like glucose. The principal transcriptional regulator for adapting glycolytic flux and downstream pathways like de novo lipogenesis to glucose availability in many cell types is carbohydrate response element–binding protein (ChREBP). ChREBP is activated by glucose metabolites and post-translational modifications, inducing nuclear accumulation and regulation of target genes. Here we report that ChREBP is modified by proline hydroxylation at several residues. Proline hydroxylation targets both ectopically expressed ChREBP in c

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5

Zhao, Zihan, Xuejiao Xu, Hairong Cheng, et al. "Galectin-3 N-terminal tail prolines modulate cell activity and glycan-mediated oligomerization/phase separation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (2021): e2021074118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021074118.

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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has a long, aperiodic, and dynamic proline-rich N-terminal tail (NT). The functional role of the NT with its numerous prolines has remained enigmatic since its discovery. To provide some resolution to this puzzle, we individually mutated all 14 NT prolines over the first 68 residues and assessed their effects on various Gal-3–mediated functions. Our findings show that mutation of any single proline (especially P37A, P55A, P60A, P64A/H, and P67A) dramatically and differentially inhibits Gal-3–mediated cellular activities (i.e., cell migration, activation, endocytosis, and hem

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6

McDONNELL, MAEVE, RICHARD FITZGERALD, IDE NI FHAOLÁIN, P. VINCENT JENNINGS, and GERARD O'CUINN. "Purification and characterization of aminopeptidase P from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 3 (1997): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002318.

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Aminopeptidase P was purified 65·3-fold from the cytoplasm of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM2 with a 5·8% yield. The purified enzyme was found to consist of one polypeptide chain with a relative molecular mass of 41600. Metal chelating agents were found to be inhibitory and Mn2+ and Co2+ stimulated activity 7-fold and 6-fold respectively. The purified enzyme removed the N-terminal amino acid from peptides only where proline (and in one case alanine) was present in the penultimate position. No hydrolysis was observed either with dipeptides even when proline was present in the C-terminal

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7

Rout, Saurav Saswat, Manmeet Singh, Kenneth S. Shindler, and Jayasri Das Sarma. "One proline deletion in the fusion peptide of neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) restricts retrograde axonal transport and neurodegeneration." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 20 (2020): 6926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011918.

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Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV; murine coronavirus) causes meningoencephalitis, myelitis, and optic neuritis followed by axonal loss and demyelination. This murine virus is used as a common model to study acute and chronic virus-induced demyelination in the central nervous system. Studies with recombinant MHV strains that differ in the gene encoding the spike protein have demonstrated that the spike has a role in MHV pathogenesis and retrograde axonal transport. Fusion peptides (FPs) in the spike protein play a key role in MHV pathogenesis. In a previous study of the effect of deleting a single pr

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8

Caumes, Cécile, Nicolas Delsuc, Redouane Beni Azza та ін. "Homooligomers of substituted prolines and β-prolines: syntheses and secondary structure investigation". New Journal of Chemistry 37, № 5 (2013): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nj00127j.

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9

Bottoni, Carlo, Mariagrazia Perilli, Francesca Marcoccia, et al. "Kinetic Studies on CphA Mutants Reveal the Role of the P158-P172 Loop in Activity versus Carbapenems." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 5 (2016): 3123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01703-15.

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ABSTRACTSite-directed mutagenesis of CphA indicated that prolines in the P158-P172 loop are essential for the stability and the catalytic activity of subclass B2 metallo-β-lactamases against carbapenems. The sequential substitution of proline led to a decrease of the catalytic efficiency of the variant compared to the wild-type (WT) enzyme but also to a higher affinity for the binding of the second zinc ion.

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10

Kubyshkin, Vladimir. "Polarity effects in 4-fluoro- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (July 23, 2020): 1837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.151.

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Fluorine-containing analogues of proline are valuable tools in engineering and NMR spectroscopic studies of peptides and proteins. Their use relies on the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the substituents and the main chain groups of the amino acid residue. This study aims to showcase the polarity-related effects that arise from the interaction between the functional groups in molecular models. Properties such as conformation, acid–base transition, and amide-bond isomerism were examined for diastereomeric 4-fluoroprolines, 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines, and 1,1-difluoro-5-azasp

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11

Ganguly, Himal Kanti, and Gautam Basu. "Conformational landscape of substituted prolines." Biophysical Reviews 12, no. 1 (2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-020-00621-8.

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12

Sanders, Rogier W., and John P. Moore. "Virus vaccines: proteins prefer prolines." Cell Host & Microbe 29, no. 3 (2021): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.002.

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13

Miyake, Ariko, Mikako Fujita, Haruna Fujino, et al. "Poly-proline motif in HIV-2 Vpx is critical for its efficient translation." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 1 (2014): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057364-0.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) carries an accessory protein Vpx that is important for viral replication in natural target cells. In its C-terminal region, there is a highly conserved poly-proline motif (PPM) consisting of seven consecutive prolines, encoded in a poly-pyrimidine tract. We have previously shown that PPM is critical for Vpx expression and viral infectivity. To elucidate the molecular basis underlying this observation, we analysed the expression of Vpx proteins with various PPM mutations by in vivo and in vitro systems. We found that the number and position of consecu

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14

Oba, M., S. Koguchi, and K. Nishiyama. "Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroxylated Prolines and Prolinols Starting fromL-Tartaric Acid." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 51, no. 1 (2013): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.1634.

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15

Hong, Sohee, Ki-Sung Ryu, Myung-Suk Oh, Inhae Ji, and Tae H. Ji. "Roles of Transmembrane Prolines and Proline-induced Kinks of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor." Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, no. 7 (1997): 4166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.7.4166.

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16

Shimagaki, Kazunori, Ryoko Koga, Haruna Fujino, et al. "The stability of HIV-2 Vpx and Vpr proteins is regulated by the presence or absence of zinc-binding sites and poly-proline motifs with distinct roles." Journal of General Virology 101, no. 9 (2020): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001456.

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The Vpx and Vpr proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) are important for virus replication. Although these proteins are homologous, Vpx is expressed at much higher levels than Vpr. Previous studies demonstrated that this difference results from the presence of an HHCC zinc-binding site in Vpx that is absent in Vpr. Vpx has another unique region, a poly-proline motif (PPM) of seven consecutive prolines at the C-terminus. Using PPM point mutants of Vpx, this study demonstrated that these seven consecutive prolines are critical for suppressing proteasome degradation of Vpx in the

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17

Wei, Lan, and William D. Lubell. "Scope and limitations in the use of N-(PhF)serine-derived cyclic sulfamidates for amino acid synthesis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 1 (2001): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-176.

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Ring-opening of N-(PhF)serine-derived cyclic sulfamidate 17 was achieved with different nucleophiles (β-keto esters, β-keto ketones, dimethyl malonate, nitroethane, sodium azide, imidazole, and potassium thiocyanate) to prepare a variety of amino acid analogs. Two different pathways for ring opening of 17 were elucidated: direct nucleophilic displacement, as well as β-elimination followed by Michael addition. Furthermore, β-keto ester and β-keto ketone products 18k,18m, and 18i were converted to prolines and pyrazole amino acids.Key words: glutamate, amino acid, cyclic sulfamidate, proline.

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18

Zhou, Ziniu, William Scott, and Martin O’Donnell. "Solid-Phase Synthesis of Amine/Carboxyl Substituted Prolines and Proline Homologues: Scope and Limitations." Molecules 21, no. 3 (2016): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030350.

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19

Kamenecka, Theodore M., You-Jung Park, Linus S. Lin, Thomas Lanza, and William K. Hagmann. "Enantioselective approach to 3-substituted prolines." Tetrahedron Letters 42, no. 49 (2001): 8571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01869-x.

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20

Mendiola, Javier, Susana García-Cerrada, Óscar de Frutos, María Luz de la Puente, Rui Lin Gu та Vien V. Khau. "Enzymatic Resolution ofN-Substituted-β-prolines". Organic Process Research & Development 13, № 2 (2009): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op8002097.

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21

Ghosh, A., S. Kulkarni, C. X. Xu, and P. Fanwick. "Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Prolines." Synfacts 2006, no. 12 (2006): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-955639.

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22

Aliev, Abil E., and Denis Courtier-Murias. "Conformational Analysis ofl-Prolines in Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 50 (2007): 14034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp076729c.

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23

Doerfel, Lili K., Ingo Wohlgemuth, Christina Kothe, Frank Peske, Henning Urlaub, and Marina V. Rodnina. "EF-P Is Essential for Rapid Synthesis of Proteins Containing Consecutive Proline Residues." Science 339, no. 6115 (2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1229017.

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Elongation factor P (EF-P) is a translation factor of unknown function that has been implicated in a great variety of cellular processes. Here, we show that EF-P prevents ribosome from stalling during synthesis of proteins containing consecutive prolines, such as PPG, PPP, or longer proline strings, in natural and engineered model proteins. EF-P promotes peptide-bond formation and stabilizes the peptidyl–transfer RNA in the catalytic center of the ribosome. EF-P is posttranslationally modified by a hydroxylated β-lysine attached to a lysine residue. The modification enhances the catalytic prof

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24

Pavlushin, Alexander V., Vladimir S. Moshkin та Vyacheslav Ya Sosnovskikh. "A novel diastereoselective α-functionalization of proline with benzaldehydes: synthesis of α-(α-hydroxybenzyl)prolines". Mendeleev Communications 27, № 6 (2017): 628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2017.11.031.

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25

Foschi, Francesca, Dario Landini, Vittoria Lupi та ін. "Enantioselective Rearrangement of Proline Sulfonamides: An Easy Entry to Enantiomerically Pure α-Aryl Quaternary Prolines". Chemistry - A European Journal 16, № 35 (2010): 10667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201000989.

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26

Heinrich, Markus, Amelie Bartuschat, and Nina Hegmann. "Synthesis of Fmoc- and Boc-Protected (2S,5S)- and (2R,5R)-5-Aminomethylprolines." Synthesis 51, no. 04 (2018): 976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610304.

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The proline derivatives (2S,5S)dmamPro, (2S,5S)N-Boc-amPro and (2R,5R)dmamPro are useful building blocks for peptides since they allow conformational fixation of peptidyl–CO–N-prolyl bonds in the unusual cis conformation. The stereoselective syntheses of these dimethylaminomethyl-prolines is achieved from literature-known precursors with overall yields of 23% [over 8 steps for (2S,5S)dmamPro], 33% [over 9 steps for (2S,5S)N-Boc-amPro] and 12% [over 8 steps for (2R,5R)dmamPro]. The applicability of (2S,5S)N-Boc-amPro in peptide synthesis is demonstrated through the preparation of an Fmoc-Val-am

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27

Yamada, Takeshi, Naotoshi Kaji, Takashi Odawara, Joe Chiba, Aikichi Iwamoto, and Yoshihiro Kitamura. "Proline 78 Is Crucial for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef To Down-Regulate Class I Human Leukocyte Antigen." Journal of Virology 77, no. 2 (2003): 1589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.1589-1594.2003.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef down-regulates human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) in T lymphocytes, and the down-regulation involves the Nef proline-rich domain (PRD) containing four prolines at positions 69, 72, 75, and 78. We used a Sendai virus vector with nef and examined regulation by Nef of HLA-I and CD4 in suspension cultures of cells such as T lymphocytes. Analyses of a series of PRD substitution mutants indicated that, because the substitution of Pro78 with Ala abolished down-regulation of HLA-I but not of CD4, Pro78 is important for HLA-I down-regulation in T ly

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28

Zhao, Liang, Shengbin Zhou, Junhua Tong, Jiang Wang, and Hong Liu. "Asymmetric Synthesis of 3, 5-Disubstituted Prolines." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 38, no. 6 (2018): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201712005.

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29

Pellegrini, Nadia, Martine Schmitt, and Jean-Jacques Bourguignon. "Rapid access to cis 3-substituted prolines." Tetrahedron Letters 44, no. 35 (2003): 6779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01476-x.

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30

Kemskiy, Sergiy, Alina Grozav, Sergiy Sujkov, Oleksandr Yurchenko та Mykhailo Vovk. "Pd/C-CATALISED HYDROGENIZATION OF METHYL PYRROLE-3-CARBOXYLATES IN THE DIASTEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF α-SUBSTITUTED β-PROLINES". Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, № 2 (2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.86.2.2020.100-110.

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The analysis of synthetic and biological importance of α-substituted β-prolines was conducted. Methods of synthesis of β-prolines and their esters, based on both intra- and intermolecular reactions of formation of functionalized pyrrolidinic cycle, as well as catalytic reduction of corresponding 2,3-substituted pyrroles and their dihydro derivatives, were systematized. The necessity of the hydrogenation process improvement of 2,3-di-substituted pyrroles using cheap catalysts was justified. The approach to α-substituted β-prolines (2-substituted pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids) was pro-posed, th

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31

Ferrario, Eugenio, Riccardo Miggiano, Menico Rizzi та Davide M. Ferraris. "Structure of Thermococcus litoralis Δ1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase in complex with NADH and L-proline". Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 76, № 5 (2020): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320004866.

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L-Hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) is a nonstandard amino acid that is present in certain proteins, in some antibiotics and in the cell-wall components of plants. L-Hyp is the product of the post-translational modification of protein prolines by prolyl hydroxylase enzymes, and the isomers trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline (T3LHyp) and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T4LHyp) are major components of mammalian collagen. T4LHyp follows two distinct degradation pathways in bacteria and mammals, while T3LHyp is metabolized by a two-step metabolic pathway that is conserved in bacteria and mammals, which involves a T3LHyp d

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32

Li, Hao, Takeshi Sakamoto, and Yasuo Kikugawa. "Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-5-Alkyl-(S)-prolines from (S)-Pyroglutamic Acid via 5-Alkyl-5-hydroxy-(S)-prolines." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 38 (1997): 6677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01563-3.

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33

O'NEAL, Kevin D., Mohan V. CHARI, Charles H. McDONALD, et al. "Multiple cis-trans conformers of the prolactin receptor proline-rich motif (PRM) peptide detected by reverse-phase HPLC, CD and NMR spectroscopy." Biochemical Journal 315, no. 3 (1996): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3150833.

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An eight-amino-acid synthetic peptide (Ile1-Phe2-Pro3-Pro4-Val5-Pro6-Gly7-Pro8) corresponding to the conserved proline-rich motif (PRM) of the intracellular domain of the prolactin receptor (PRL-R) was studied by one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) proton NMR spectroscopy in water and DMSO in order to characterize its conformational dynamics. The purified PRL-R PRM peptide eluted as two partially resolved peaks in equilibrium on reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) at 20 °C with a ratio of 60:40. At 30 °C, the two peaks coalesced into a single peak. The two RP-HPLC peaks correspond to two peptide con

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34

Bellis, Evagelos, and George Kokotos. "4-Substituted prolines as organocatalysts for aldol reactions." Tetrahedron 61, no. 36 (2005): 8669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.113.

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35

Denes, Fabrice, Alejandro Perez-Luna та Fabrice Chemla. "Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Enantioenriched 3,4-Disubstituted β-Prolines". Journal of Organic Chemistry 72, № 2 (2007): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo061603h.

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36

Cordero, Franca, Federica Pisaneschi, Marco Lumini, and Alberto Brandi. "Click Chemistry: A Straightforward Route to Decorated Prolines." Synlett 2007, no. 18 (2007): 2882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-991065.

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37

Micheli, Fabrizio, Romano Di Fabio, and Carla Marchioro. "Asymmetric synthesis of some substituted-3-phenyl prolines." Il Farmaco 54, no. 7 (1999): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00052-x.

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38

Laabs, Stephan, Winfried Münch, Jan W. Bats, and Udo Nubbemeyer. "Auxiliary controlled enantioselective synthesis of 3-aryl-prolines." Tetrahedron 58, no. 7 (2002): 1317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01233-9.

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39

Kamenecka, Theodore M., You-Jung Park, Linus S. Lin, Thomas Lanza Jr., and William K. Hagmann. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Approach to 3-Substituted Prolines." ChemInform 33, no. 9 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200209195.

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40

Hardy, F., G. Vriend, O. R. Veltman, B. van der Vinne, G. Venema, and V. G. H. Eijsink. "Stabilization ofBacillus stearothermophilusneutral protease by introduction of prolines." FEBS Letters 317, no. 1-2 (1993): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(93)81497-n.

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41

Durrant, Marcus C., Shirley A. Fairhurst, David L. Hughes, et al. "Ligand rotamers and redox isomerism: metallo-pseudo-prolines." Chemical Communications, no. 24 (1997): 2379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a706634a.

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42

Chen, Xiang-Yu, and Dieter Enders. "Multisubstituted Unnatural Prolines for Asymmetric Catalytic Domino Reactions." Chem 4, no. 1 (2018): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.007.

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43

Mezzache, S., N. Bruneleau, K. Vekey, et al. "Improved proton affinity measurements for proline and modified prolines using triple quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometers." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 40, no. 10 (2005): 1300–1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.905.

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44

Foschi, Francesca, Dario Landini, Vittoria Lupi та ін. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rearrangement of Proline Sulfonamides: An Easy Entry to Enantiomerically Pure α-Aryl Quaternary Prolines." ChemInform 42, № 3 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201103201.

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45

LI, H., T. SAKAMOTO, and Y. KIKUGAWA. "ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-5-Alkyl-(S)-prolines from (S)- Pyroglutamic Acid via 5-Alkyl-5-hydroxy-(S)-prolines." ChemInform 28, no. 51 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199751214.

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46

Noguchi, Yuri, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Masato Ueda, and Sachiro Kakinoki. "Surfaces immobilized with oligo-prolines prevent protein adsorption and cell adhesion." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 11 (2020): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00051e.

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47

Kim, Koeun, Sunghyun Yoon, Yeong Bin Kim, and Young Ju Lee. "Virulence Variation of Salmonella Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018." Animals 10, no. 12 (2020): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122346.

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Salmonella Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still prevalent in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virulence and genetic variation of 116 S. Gallinarum isolates from laying hens between 2014 and 2018. A total of 116 isolates were divided into five Gallinarum Sequence Types (GST) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) subtyping meth

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48

Karoyan, Philippe, and Gérard Chassaing. "New strategy for the synthesis of 3-substituted prolines." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 1 (1997): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02221-6.

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49

Hofman, Gert-Jan, Emile Ottoy, Mark E. Light, et al. "Synthesis and Conformational Properties of 3,4-Difluoro-l-prolines." Journal of Organic Chemistry 84, no. 6 (2019): 3100–3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b02920.

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50

Lumini, Marco, Franca M. Cordero, Federica Pisaneschi та Alberto Brandi. "Straightforward Synthesis of α-Substituted Prolines by Cross-Metathesis". European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008, № 16 (2008): 2817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200800044.

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