Academic literature on the topic 'Prolonged obstructed labour'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prolonged obstructed labour"
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Roa, Lina, Luke Caddell, Gabriel Ganyaglo, Vandana Tripathi, Nazmul Huda, Lauri Romanzi, and Blake C. Alkire. "Toward a complete estimate of physical and psychosocial morbidity from prolonged obstructed labour: a modelling study based on clinician survey." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 7 (July 2020): e002520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002520.
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IntroductionProlonged obstructed labour often results from lack of access to timely obstetrical care and affects millions of women. Current burden of disease estimates do not include all the physical and psychosocial sequelae from prolonged obstructed labour. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the full spectrum of maternal and newborn comorbidities, and create a more comprehensive burden of disease model.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey of clinicians and epidemiological modelling of the burden of disease. A survey to estimate prevalence of prolonged obstructed labour comorbidities was developed for prevalence estimates of 27 comorbidities across seven categories associated with prolonged obstructed labour. The survey was electronically distributed to clinicians caring for women who have suffered from prolonged obstructed labour in Asia and Africa. Prevalence estimates of the sequelae were used to calculate years lost to disability for reproductive age women (15 to 49 years) in 54 low- and middle-income countries that report any prevalence of obstetric fistula.ResultsPrevalence estimates were obtained from 132 participants. The median prevalence of reported sequelae within each category were: fistula (6.67% to 23.98%), pelvic floor (6.53% to 8.60%), genitourinary (5.74% to 9.57%), musculoskeletal (6.04% to 11.28%), infectious/inflammatory (5.33% to 9.62%), psychological (7.25% to 24.10%), neonatal (13.63% to 66.41%) and social (38.54% to 59.88%). The expanded methodology calculated a burden of morbidity associated with prolonged obstructed labour among women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in 2017 that is 38% more than the previous estimates.ConclusionsThis analysis provides estimates on the prevalence of physical and psychosocial consequences of prolonged obstructed labour. Our study suggests that the burden of disease resulting from prolonged obstructed labour is currently underestimated. Notably, women who suffer from prolonged obstructed labour have a high prevalence of psychosocial sequelae but these are often not included in burden of disease estimates. In addition to preventative and public health measures, high quality surgical and anaesthesia care are urgently needed to prevent prolonged obstructed labour and its sequelae.
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Shaikh, Shahida, AH Shaikh, SAH Shaikh, and B. Isran. "Frequency of Obstructed Labor in Teenage Pregnancy." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8834.
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Aims: Teenage pregnancy has globally recognized as high risk pregnancy. Under grown pelvic bones at delivery pose greater risk of obstructed labour in such young girls resulting in poor feto-maternal outcome. Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of obstructed labor in teenage pregnancy and to know fetomaternal outcome. Methods: This Cross Sectional Observational study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology unit I and II, Shaikh Zyed Women Hospital Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana Sindh Pakistan from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. 468 women admitted with obstructed labour of all age groups, out of these which 257 patients were teenage mothers. Patients selected after fulfilling selection criteria. Obstructed labour in teenage patients wasdiagnosed on the basis of history of prolonged labour and clinical presentation. Demographical characteristics noted. Mode of the delivery and fetomaternal outcome was observed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 12 version. Results: Total deliveries in both units during study period were 9000. Among them 468(5.2%) patients found to have obstructed labour. Out of these 257(2.85% of total) patients were teenagers.. 82% (210) teengers were non booked and admitted in emergency while only 18 %(47) came through OPD having a single visit. Mean age was 16±2 years and parity was 2±1.5.Mode of delivery was LSCS in 84% (214) ,assisted vaginal delivery in 12% (32) and 4% (11)had spontaneous delivery with episiotomy. Cephalopelvic disproportion remained the commonest reason of obstruction (66%). 1.94% (5) of patients died of septicemia .PPH seen in 41% (105),1.1% (3) had scar dehiscence due to prolonged trial by untrained birth attendant.1.94% (5) patients developed vesicovaginal fistula later on. Perinatal mortality was around 54.6% (142) while 44.75 % (115) babies born alive. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnant women not only face pregnancy related problem but also they are prone to have obstructed labour due to their developing pelvic bones. Obstructed labour is one of the most common and preventable causes of maternal and perinatal deaths and disabilities. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 1 / Issue 13 / Jan- June, 2012 / 37-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8834
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Ekanem, E. I., A. Umoiyoho, and A. Inyang-Otu. "Study of Electrolyte Changes in Patients with Prolonged Labour in Ikot Ekpene, a Rural Community in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (December 17, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/430265.
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Background. Prolonged obstructed labour is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries of the world, where the incidence is high. These complications are partly attributed to the metabolic and electrolyte derangements that are often associated with this problem. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the metabolic and electrolyte changes of these patients in a rural community in a developing country. Objective. To compare the electrolyte changes, maternal, and perinatal outcomes in patients with prolonged obstructed labour with that of normal labour in General Hospital Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Patients and Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional case control study conducted in the Labour Ward of the General Hospital Ikot Ekpene to compare the electrolyte levels and perinatal outcome of 95 pregnant women who had prolonged labour with 105 women who had normal labour within the same period. Main Outcome Measures. Electrolyte changes, ketonuria, maternal complications, and perinatal outcome. Results. The majority of women with prolonged labour (91.6%) had major surgical interventions requiring anaesthesia. Perinatal death occurred in 12.6%, and a major life-threatening maternal complications (including two deaths) occurred in 13.7% of those with prolonged labour compared to 2.9% (with no death) in those with normal labour. Significant abnormal electrolyte changes included hyperkalemia, high urea, and creatinine as well as low bicarbonate levels were recorded. Metabolic abnormality was shown by ketonuria in 91.1% of the patients compared to 1.9% in women with normal labour. Conclusion. Women with prolonged labour in Ikot Ekpene have significant electrolyte and metabolic changes which impact adversely on the maternal and perinatal outcomes of the pregnancy. Effort should be made to correct these electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities during resuscitation of the woman in order to reduce the complications associated with such derangements.
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Indra, Usharani N., and Mumtaz Bendigeri. "A study on clinical outcome of obstructed labour." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170027.
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Background: Obstructed labour accounts for 8% of maternal mortality in developing countries. Obstructed labour is the single most important cause of maternal death and is one of the three leading causes of perinatal mortality with the case fatality rate of 87-100%.Methods: The 50 patients with prolonged labour and maternal distress with signs and symptoms of maternal exhaustion, dehydration, keto-acidosis, Bandl’s ring formed the study subjects.Results: Out of the 50 cases studied the still birth rate was 24% (12 cases). This was due to delay in the referring the cases from peripheral centers.Conclusions: Our peripheral hospital need appointment of qualified personnel and well trained staff, who can recognize any deviation from normal labour and recognize malpresentation and malposition at the earliest and refer such cases to higher centers.
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Reshma, Shaik, and Sri Lakshmi Ambarkar. "Paperless partogram: a simple clinical tool in effective labour management." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212167.
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Background: Maternal mortality is unacceptably high, about 830 women die from pregnancy or child birth related complications around the world every-day. Prolonged and obstructed labour is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In developing countries like India, around 5% of total maternal deaths are caused by prolonged and obstructed labour. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of paperless partogram in management of labour, identification of abnormal labour and early intervention to prevent the maternal and perinatal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the role of paperless partogram in labour monitoring and decision-making in overburdened Indian labour room setup and to evaluate the outcome of the cases.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, between January 2020 to March 2020. A total of 300 pregnant mothers in established labour who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in the study after taking informed consent.Results: In our study, of all the pregnant women 23 crossed the alert ETD but 16 had delivered vaginally and 2 by caesarean section before action ETD and 5 women crossed the action ETD. Among the 5 who crossed action ETD 3 delivered vaginally and 2 had cesarean section. Majority, of the women who crossed the alert and action ETDs were primigravidae.Conclusions: From our study, it is concluded that paperless partogram was effective and user friendly in management of labour and prevention of abnormal or prolonged labour.
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Bansal, Anshul, and Ruchi Kalra. "Feto maternal outcome in obstructed labor: a tertiary centre study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192457.
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Background: The number of maternal deaths as a result of obstructed labor is 8% globally but this number varies in developing country, it ranges 4-70% of all maternal deaths and it is also associated to high perinatal mortality rate. Objective of the study was to find out the proportion of obstructed labour cases and their feto-maternal outcome during last 3 years at tertiary level institute.Methods: A cross sectional observation study was done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Bhopal. All pregnant women presenting with obstructed labor who delivered at our hospital during last 3 years duration (January 2015 to December 2017) were studied for their feto -maternal outcome.Results: 53% cases had duration of trail more than 16 hours. 84% were referred from primary health centers of nearby rural areas. All cases of obstructed labor delivered by cesarean section (100%). 44% were primigravida. 72% of cases had Cephalopelvic disproportion as the cause. 28% of cases had longer stay more than 7 days at hospital. 32% had fever during post operative period 12.5% cases had wound sepsis and 6% of cases required re-suturing of wound during post operative period. 72% baby's birth weight was between 3 to 3.4 kg. 94% of the babies survived where as 6% of babies were still birth. 16% of babies born to obstructed labor mother had APGAR less than 7 at 5 minutes of birth. 6% fetus were IUFD.Conclusions: Cephalopelvic disproportion was the most common cause for obstructed labor. Timely identification of prolonged labor and timely referral and management at place where operation theatre, NICU and blood bank facilities are available can save the life of both baby and mother.
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Ahmed, Benazir, Meena Jain, and Hema Bharwani. "Partograph versus no partograph: effect on labour progress and delivery outcome: a comparative study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2017): 4928. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175002.
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Background: Abnormal labour which includes prolonged labour and obstructed labour remain major causes of maternal morbidity. The major reason for neonatal mortality, birth asphyxia and subsequent morbidity is essentially the repercussion which occurs when a complicated labour is not intervened at the right time. A Partograph provides a graphic overview of the progress of labour and records information about maternal and fetal condition during labour. It is considered to be a very effective tool to monitor labour progress and prevent prolonged and obstructed labour.Methods: This prospective randomised comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JLN Hospital and RC, Bhilai, Chattisgarh, from January 2015 to June 2016. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to two groups, of 200 each, after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Women assigned to Group 1 had their active labour modified using modified WHO partograph whereas those assigned to Group 2 were not monitored using the partograph.Results: Use of Partograph (group 1) significantly reduced the duration of active phase of labour (p <0.0001), duration of second stage (p <0.0001) and thus the total duration of labour (active phase plus second stage) (p <0.0001). Requirement of augmentation was also significantly reduced (p <0.05). Group 1 also had significantly more spontaneous vaginal deliveries (p <0.01) with lesser requirement of operative interventions like LSCS or instrumental deliveries like forceps. Use of partograph also significantly improved neonatal outcome with significantly lesser newborns with Apgar <7 (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to NICU admissions (p>0.05).Conclusions: The use of Partograph, when compared to no Partograph plotting in active labour, is associated with better monitoring of labour progress as well as delivery outcome in the form of a healthy mother and a healthy child.
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Abodunrin, O. N., A. B. C. Daniyan, B. Okusanya, K. C. Ekwedigwe, S. M. Uguru, E. N. Yakubu, and I. Sunday-Adeoye. "Non-Fistulous Complications of Prolonged Obstructed Labour among Obstetric Fistula Patients in Southern Nigeria." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 09, no. 10 (2019): 1372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2019.910133.
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Sunday-Adeoye, Ileogben, Patrick Okonta, and Ogbonnaya Lawrence Ulu. "Prevalence, profile and obstetric experience of fistula patients in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria." Urogynaecologia 25, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2011.e6.
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<em>Objective</em>. Fistula has always been thought to be a scourge of the Northern region of Nigeria only. This study was aimed at providing data on the prevalence, profile and obstetric experience of fistula patients in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria and to demonstrate that fistula is also a burden in the southern parts of Nigeria. <em>Materials and Methods</em>. This was a prospective descriptive study conducted between 2003 and 2009. Sample size and sampling method. Four hundred and sixty-two fistula patients who were operated at the Fistula Unit of the Teaching Hospital and later at the Southeast Fistula Centre was consecutively recruited and interviewed during the study period. <em>Results</em>. The prevalence of fistula was 4.3%, the mean age was 35±9.5 years and 8.4% was less than 20 years, majority of them had no formal education. A quarter had no occupation and majority had no regular monthly income. Twenty percent were married by the age of 14 years and majority were multiparous. In about 40%, the fistula occurred during the first child birth. About 34% were still sexually active and 30% of the married clients had achieved childbirth after development of fistula. The average height and weight were 1.47m±0.08 and 46.4kg±7.2 respectively. Majority had fistula following prolonged obstructed labour, though 42.6% eventually had caesarean section for prolonged obstructed labour. Majority of the patients were older, had a longer urine leakage and presented latter for corrective surgery than those reported from other parts of Nigeria. <em>Conclusions</em>. There is a high prevalence (43.6/1000 deliveries) of obstetric fistula in this Centre, and majority of the vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) was due to prolonged obstructed labour. Majority of the patients were older, had a longer urine leakage and presented latter for corrective surgery than those reported from other parts of Nigeria. However, 30% of the married patients achieved a pregnancy and delivered vaginally even in the presence of the fistula.
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Sultana, Sabiha, Kamrun Nahar, Sufia Begum Sompi, and Mst Nazmunnaher Mina. "Fetomaternal Outcome of Emergency Caesarean Section in a Tertiary Level Hospital." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 4, 2019): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v7i1-2.53968.
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Background & objective: Acute threat to the pregnant mother or their foetus may arise during the process of labor or any time after 28 weeks of gestation, when emergency caesarean section (CS) is indicated. But emergency CS is not completely safe to the mother or their foetus. The present study was undertaken to observe the foetomaternal outcome of emergency caesarean section.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between January to June, 2010 in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. All pregnant women undergoing emergency CS admitted at the the above-mentioned Hospital were the study population. The indications for emergency CS were obstructed labour, fetal distress, prolonged labour, cord prolapse, antepartum hemorrhage, antepartum eclampsia with unfavorable cervix labor with malpresentation, history of previous one caesarean section with impending scar rapture, chorioamnionitis, failed forceps/ventous etc. A total of 672 pregnant women based on predefined eligibility criteria were consecutively included in the study and fetomaternal outcome of emergency CS was evaluated.
Result: Age distribution of the patients shows that over 30% were 25-29 years, 26.5% 30-34 years, 23.3% 20-24 years old. About 10% were < 20 years and another 10% were 35 or > 35 years old. Over 20% of the mothers were short-statured (< 140 cm), 60% were nullipara, 16.5% primipara and the rest were multipara. The indications for emergency caesarean sections were previous caesarean section with complications (23.7%) followed by foetal distress (16.2%), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (8.6), eclampsia (7.8%), obstructed labor (7.4%), severe preeclampsia, breech, prolonged labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, PROM etc. About 25% of the women were preterm, 57% were term and 18% were post-term. A total of 230(34.2%) patients developed complications following caesarean section. Wound infection (14.3%) was the most common complication followed by wound dehiscence, puerperal pyrexia, anaemia, primary PPH, UTI, anesthesic hazarads and vesico-vaginal fistula. Sixteen (2.4%) mother died of complications. Most common causes of death were postpartum haemorrhage (12%), severe preeclampsia & eclampsia (7.1%), puerperal sepsis with septicemia (3.6%) and cardiac arrest. About 94% of fetuses were born alive, 5% were stillborn and 1% born with congenital anomalies. Early perinatal death occurred in 10% cases who were born alive, 5.2% had neonatal jaundice and 3.3% developed septicemia. Finally, 559 (83.1%) were discharged healthy. Of the total 113 perinatal deaths, 68 were early perinatal death.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that increased perinatal mortality was due to severe birth asphyxia following obstructed labour, placenta praevia, PROM with chorioamnionitis and eclampsia. Proper antenatal care, screening of high-risk pregnancy, timely hospital admission, neonatal resuscitation and establishment of specialized neonatal care unit can significantly reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality
Ibrahim Card Med J 2017; 7 (1&2): 92-98
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prolonged obstructed labour"
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Muia, Catherine Mwikali. "Women's perceptions and experiences of post-operative physiotherapy management at an Obstetric Fistula Center in Eldoret, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6301.
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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy)Post-operative physiotherapy plays a vital role in the management of patients with incontinence in order to optimise the outcome of obstetric fistula surgery. Women who suffer residual urinary incontinence continue to experience shame, social isolation and institutional rejection. Incontinence continues to impair them leading to lower levels of role participation and restriction in most activities. Gynocare Fistula Center, Eldoret, receives a number of referrals for women with obstetric fistula requiring surgical and physiotherapy care. Many studies have focused on the determinants of surgical outcomes and social reintegration but none have focused on woman's perceptions and experiences with postoperative physiotherapy. While continence is not always achieved immediately after surgery, this study was designed to explore women's perceptions and experience of postoperative physiotherapy management at an obstetric fistula center in Eldoret,Kenya. Participants were then asked about their experiences and related perceptions and perceived challenges regarding the physiotherapy service following discharge from the Center. An explorative qualitative method was used to explore the women's perceptions and experiences of the post-operative physiotherapy management, as well as their perceived challenges regarding access to physiotherapy post discharge.
Books on the topic "Prolonged obstructed labour"
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Devlieger, Roland, and Maria-Elisabeth Smet. Obstetric management of labour, delivery, and vaginal birth after caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0012.
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This chapter describes the events surrounding normal and abnormal labour and delivery with particular relevance to the anaesthetist. The first two sections explain the course of a normal labour, delivery, and third stage. Subsequently attention is paid to obstructed labour, delivery, and prolonged third stage. Since induction of labour has become common practice in many pathological conditions, several methods of induction and their complications are then discussed. Next, some basic knowledge about intrapartum fetal monitoring is presented, followed by some specific and potentially complicated situations such as shoulder dystocia, operative vaginal delivery, caesarean delivery, breech delivery, twin birth, and vaginal birth after previous caesarean delivery.
Book chapters on the topic "Prolonged obstructed labour"
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Murphy, Deirdre J. "Malpresentation, malposition, and cephalopelvic disproportion." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 395–406. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0032.
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Normal labour involves an appropriate-sized fetus in a vertex presentation with a well-flexed head that descends and rotates within the maternal pelvis in response to uterine contractions, delivering in an occipitoanterior position. Abnormal labour occurs when any one or a combination of these factors deviates from normal. It may involve a malpresentation (e.g. face, brow, or breech), a malposition (e.g. occipitoposterior), or cephalopelvic disproportion. The consequences include prolonged labour, obstructed labour, operative vaginal delivery, or caesarean section. Appropriate management requires expertise in clinical assessment, decision-making, and the technical and non-technical skills of operative delivery. A systematic approach is required including an awareness of risk factors for abnormal labour, early identification of deviations from normal, use of preventative strategies where possible, and appropriate intervention when necessary. Good teamwork and clear communication between midwives and obstetricians is essential within a labour ward setting. Timely transfer may be required in a homebirth setting. Particular skills are required in low-resource settings where obstructed labour may be advanced at the time of presentation.
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Ganguly, Rajendra, Joydev Mukherji, and Gourisankar Kamilya. "Prolonged and Obstructed Labor." In Essentials of Obstetrics, 399. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12974_44.
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Mukherji, Joydev. "Prolonged and Obstructed Labor." In Essentials of Obstetrics, 345. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10288_41.
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Ganguly, Rajendra, Joydev Mukherji, and Gourisankar Kamilya. "Prolonged and Obstructed Labor." In Essentials of Obstetrics, 460. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11242_43.
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Rathore, Asmita, Swaraj Batra, and Poonam Sachdeva. "Prolonged and Obstructed Labor." In Obstetric Protocols for Labor Ward Management, 16. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10564_3.
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Konar, Hiralal, and DC Dutta. "Prolonged Labor, Obstructed Labor, Dystocia Caused by Fetal Anomalies." In DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics, 463. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12540_28.
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Dutta, DC. "Chapter-26 Prolonged Labor, Obstructed Labor, Dystocia Caused by Fetal Anomalies." In D C Dutta�s Textbook of Obstetrics, 401–9. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12044_26.
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Michael Anyaeze, Chineme. "Common Genitourinary Fistulas in Rural Practice: Treatment and Management." In Rural Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99116.
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Acquired genitourinary fistulas are common in rural practice. They are pathological communications between the urinary and genital tracts, or between either of the tracts and gastrointestinal tract or skin. Vesicovaginal fistula is the commonest and most devastating. They may result from prolonged and obstructed labor, injuries during obstetric, gynecologic, pelvic and urologic procedures, circumcision, fall from heights, road traffic accidents and female genital mutilation. They present as urinary leakage with characteristic odor. Diagnoses are mainly clinical and confirmed by dye tests, contrast radiography and endoscopy. Treatment is individualized according anatomic sites and etiology. Timing of repair is of essence; delayed repair for obstetric and early for focal injuries. Multidisciplinary team approach and cooperation is encouraged in the management of some of these cases. The sustenance of the 2 – way referral system is emphasized in cases beyond the scope of rural practice. Repairs when undertaken by skilled compassionate fistula surgeons with attention to principles of fistula management and surgical treatment, success rate can approach 90%. Interposition of vascularized grafts have improved success rate. The burden of this condition will be reduced through integration of rural practitioners in the preventive strategies of health education of the public and girlchild; improvement of healthcare, education and transportation infrastructures.
Conference papers on the topic "Prolonged obstructed labour"
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Burleson, Grace, Brian Butcher, Brianna Goodwin, and Kendra Sharp. "Assisting Economic Opportunity for Women Through Appropriate Engineering Design of a Soap-Making Process in Uganda." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59715.
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TERREWODE, a non-governmental organization in Uganda, works to eradicate obstetric fistula in local communities and provide income-generating skills training to the affected women. Obstetric fistula is a traumatic childbirth injury caused by prolonged, obstructed labor and delayed intervention. The condition is preventable with proper medical attention, however, in rural areas women who suffer from the condition are typically disowned from their families and communities [1]. As part of their social reintegration program, TERREWODE provides training for women post-treatment in multiple income-generating skill areas; jewelry making, baking, cooking, sewing, and buying/selling produce. The soap-making idea originated within TERREWODE itself and is intended to create an income stream for the women participating. The scope of this senior capstone project, in collaboration with several organizations, is to increase efficiency, reliability, and repeatability of the soap-making process and explore potential avenues for powering the system in an off-grid setting. A weighted-design matrix was used to make engineering decisions throughout the project. The two primary engineering aspects of this project were the selection of soap-making process (hot vs. cold) and the selection of a mixing device and powering unit. Understanding of appropriate manufacturing technologies in Uganda was necessary as all materials and tools needed to be locally available for success for the project. The hot process requires maintaining the soap mixture at a constant temperature for roughly two hours or until the gel phase occurs. This process allows for a short curing time, permitting the soap to be ready for use sooner. Opposing this, the cold process requires little cook time but a lengthy curing time. Experimental data showed that maintaining a consistent temperature over an extended period of time while using a cookstove is nearly impossible, even in a controlled lab environment. The cold process was selected as a better suited solution for manufacturing due to field conditions and available resources. A mixing device is crucial to the soap-making process. Due to the unreliability of grid-based electricity in the region, the team considered both a human-powered mixing solution and a solar-powered mixing solution [2]. TERREWODE leadership steered the team away from creating a human powered bike mixer for fear of discouraging women to participate, due to potential health and comfort issues. The team selected a solar powered system and has tested a U.S. manufactured prototype. The ultimate goal of this soap-making project is to provide an opportunity for victims and survivors of obstetric fistula to earn a livelihood. The work done by the Oregon State (OSU) mechanical engineering design team, in conjunction with the OSU Anthropology department, University of Oregon College of Business, several private artists and entrepreneurs, and TERREWODE, will provide potential improvements to the process and implementation plan to more effectively and economically create soap.