Academic literature on the topic 'PROMOTE TOXIC FEMINISM'

Christianity, one of the primary world religions, has profound influences in shaping people's views of gender equality. Many Christians perceive feminism to be against Christian doctrine regarding issues like marriage and gender equality. However, Christian feminists refute this with claims that reinterpreting the Bible helps reveal hidden ideas supporting gender equality - leading to further investigation of this relationship between Christianity and feminism. This research topic addresses Christian feminism's development alongside its conflicts with conservative Christian forces - particularly its contributions towards protecting women's rights. Through a systematic review of the historical literature on Christian feminism, the paper analyzes how it has promoted gender equality using the religious framework and examines conservative Christians' responses toward these movements. Findings indicate that many Christians are gradually accepting feminist ideas, although conservative Christians may see it as contradictory to biblical teachings. Christian feminism has made significant contributions towards protecting women's rights despite ongoing challenges from conservative forces. By systematically tracing its development, including conflicts with conservative forces, this paper unveils its contributions towards protecting these rights as well as providing researchers with an in-depth examination of religion-gender relations and gender equality.

Men and feminism is a contentious topic. In theoretical discussions as well as in previous studies, men and feminism have been described as an oxymoron, that being a man and a feminist is a border land position and that it entails experiences of so-called gender vertigo or gender limbo. Still, there are men who identify themselves as feminists and engage in feminist settings, parties and organizations. In this article, I aim to explore how masculinity is constructed and shaped within feminism. The article is based on qualitative interviews with nine young feminist men in Sweden. Using Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology and the concepts of disorientation and reorientation, I analyse how the interviewees experience themselves as men and feminists and how they navigate within their feminist settings. The analysis illustrates that in contrast to previous research, the interviewees articulate an assuredness in their position as men and feminists. However, being a man and a feminist is still a somewhat disorienting position that promotes reflexive journeys through which the interviewees seek to elaborate a sensitive, perceptive and “softer” masculinity. Feminism can be seen as a way of doing masculinity, and the ways in which the interviewees (re)orient themselves in their feminist settings can be understood as processes of masculinity construction. These reorientations position the interviewees in the background of their feminist settings, where they carry out what I call political housekeeping and men-feminism. From this position, they also adopt a perspective of a theoretical as well as temporal distance and articulate themselves as actors in the history of feminism. Thus, the article highlights that feminist men can seek out a masculinity that is positioned in the background yet still experience themselves as subjects in the feminist struggle.

This paper explores the counter argument for Chapter 3 of Marriages, Families, and Relationships by Mary Ann Lamanna, Agnes Riedmann, and Susan Stewart, which deals with the topic of Gender Identities and Families, especially regarding feminism. This paper will provide a general summary, main points, and concepts of the chapter that focuses on feminism. Afterwards, this paper will continue to provide a general social, legal, and cultural climate of the time the book was written versus now (2024), and then reflect on some new information and research that disproves the glorification of modern feminism as done in the book. The critique will demonstrate how modern feminism, under the guise of advocating for gender equality, can sometimes promote racist and sexist agendas. Specifically, this paper will detail the mechanisms through which modern feminism disguises itself, manipulating social perceptions to orient one group as superior over others. This will include an analysis of how certain feminist narratives utilize the concepts of victimhood and social proof to establish a hierarchy of suffering and legitimacy, thereby positioning some groups as more deserving of support and resources than others, based on race, class, or historical experiences.

There exists the idea that western societies are now postfeminist, implying that remaining differences between men and women should be understood as a result of the free exercise of individual choice. Yet this postfeminist promise of liberation is overwhelmingly packaged within the crushingly cruel beauty images that western women are judged against and incited to emulate. Theorizing female agency in light of choice and liberation discourses has been the topic of much recent feminist literature, to which this article seeks to contribute. We utilized a feminist post-structuralist framework to examine how young Australian women position themselves as freely choosing and able to throw off oppression. We discuss these findings in relation to the conception of the neoliberal feminine subject; described as someone who playfully expresses herself by freely choosing her level of participation in socially promoted beauty practices; in turn resulting in a resistance to being seen as inflexible, or critical of wider social influences

In this Special Issue we invited an international audience to address the aim to unsettle notions of vulnerability and question the research practices associated with its use in the psychology discipline. The seven articles 1 expose the paradoxes of vulnerability by starting from experience in different countries, such as: India, Chile, South Africa, Finland, and the USA. They do so by critically interrogating the notion of vulnerability, often cutting across intersectionalities such as: institutional constructions of vulnerability, populations identified as “vulnerable”, researcher’s own vulnerabilities, and the lived experience of “vulnerability”. The papers are presented in this editorial through a cohesive narrative, which highlights topic and contextual specificities of each as well as commonalities and intersections across them. By encouraging new practices for how feminist and queer researchers view, read, and interpret experience in psychological research and activism, this special issue aims to inspire different understandings of vulnerability, that reflect discourses and experiences that promote agency, resistance, solidarity, and transformative social change through transnational collaboration and connection.

A school is a place to promote critical thinking, to question power relations, analyse social issues and encourage differences, i.e., a place of being and thinking. In view of this, it was necessary to include the topic in the discussion of school tasks based on academic practices carried out by students, who are scholarship holders in the Institutional Scholarship for Teaching Initiation Program (PIBID). The activities were developed through Yarning Circles and focused on the topic "The Role of Women: New Views", by two undergraduate history students and supervised by both the High School teacher, who is in charge of the groups where the activity was developed, and the university teacher. The main purpose of the activity was to bring issues of gender and feminism up for discussion due to the need to awaken the students’ critical thinking, thus aiming to break with paradigms in favour of a new view at the role of women in society.

The topic of this thesis is to study the performances of female characters in the TV series Nothing But Thirty. The goal is to see if they deconstruct and reimagine female characters' roles in Chinese film and television works. Today, with advances in mass media technology, feminism has become a public issue. In the wake of the #MeToo movement in 2017, there is an emerging trend in the portrayal of women in film and television. The visible presentation of the female image is inseparable from mainstream ideology. Given that Nothing But Thirty can be considered a female-dominated show, it would be interesting to examine the way women are represented on TV. This will help further promote the study of female representation in film and television.

This research contends that the love interest of the protagonist of Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight endorses domestic violence, fear of intimacy and discourages female independence. Bella Swan, the protagonist of the novel, is a teenage girl who recently moved in with his father and got interested in a 104-year-old vampire stuck inside the body of a 17-year-old boy. This paper takes an overarching feminist approach with particular focus on the patriarchy displayed in the novel. This paper employs feminist discourse to explore the novel as the primary source while looking through past research papers and filling their gaps as secondary sources. It also infers through the feminist agenda influenced by the protagonist’s love interest. The major objective of this paper is to prove the novel promotes the idea that women are better when they are dull and submissive while looking at the toxic masculinity displayed in the male characters throughout the novel. It also seeks to highlight the emotional magnetism and forced endurance of love throughout the novel. The major findings of the paper allude that Twilight characterizes women through abuse, male dependency, and the presumed inability to successfully function on their own, thus negating the role of the modern, independent woman.

“Dad bloggers” are an emerging community of fathers in North America. These men use social media to document and discuss their experiences as parents and gather annually at the Dad 2.0 Summit. A central topic of discussion both online and offline is how involved fathers negotiate and rework gender roles and expectations. This study examines how dad bloggers create and engage with discourse about masculinities. Using blog posts, fieldwork observations, and interviews as data, I present qualitative findings illustrating the ways in which dad bloggers challenge traditional notions of masculinity, construct “caring masculinities,” and adopt a pro-feminist perspective. Despite certain tensions and contradictions within the community, I argue that dad bloggers are reconstructing fatherhood and masculinities in ways that promote care and equality overall.

Feminist geography and epistemologies, since their beginnings, have encouraged us to start again from our bodies as situated geographies, from their experiences and embodied knowledge, to expose the power relations produced by the capitalist heteropatriarchal order and imprinted in the surrounding spaces. The body represents both the privileged dimension from which dynamics of violence, oppression and exploitation are experienced, and the place where new counter-hegemonic practices and forms of embodied knowledge may be produced. Starting with the notion of Wasteocene (2021) – an era marked by the continuous production of cast-off people, communities and places – by the landscape historian Marco Armiero, I will cross some toxic narratives typical of our society, all dear to neoliberal carelessness that inexorably produce waste and marginality. Opposed to these toxic discursive relations and constructions are the commoning practices, as those collective practices that simultaneously generate common goods and communities oriented towards care and inclusion. Along this path, I will present the Queerinale project promoted by the Agapanto Association for the conversion of a disused public building into a collaborative housing for LGBTQ+ elderly in the city of Rome, to re-signify our housing models and suggest new orientations for public policies.

This book presents a transnational feminist view of international actions combatting patriarchal attitudes and policies that shape gender-oppressive cultural practices. How these elements take form in the modern era and responses to them are the heart of this text. Each chapter compels readers to more closely examine contemporary violence and oppression against women and girls throughout the world within a contextual framework and the actions women are taking to change the world. The contributing authors are scholars, but they are also practitioners—experts and activists in their fields who speak to the feminist global and local issues, policies, and practices that exploit women as well as advocacy efforts in each area of the world to ameliorate suffering and promote women’s rights. Fourteen countries across five continents are represented in this compendia. Each chapter begins with a narrative of peril followed by a scholarly overview of the topic and concludes with advocacy efforts with linkages for the reader to be involved in activism toward gender equity. A transnational perspective, which undergirds the theme of the book as an approach that crosses borders, offers a unique and nuanced frame of analysis toward understanding the intersectional issues of gender, race, class, culture, religion, politics, and regional–societal norms that give rise to gender-based violence and inequity. The book discusses ways to promote empowerment to fight injustice and promote equality for women and girls throughout the world as well as in local contexts.

Albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policymakers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender segregation and discrimination are present in multiple aspects of sports, and are socially normalised and accepted through a discourse that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender discourse legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities considered masculine and traped them to those considered as predominantly feminine and feminized It traps female bodies in socio-cultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. Sports and its management continue to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. The International Congress on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sport (ICMPEDS) aimed to investigate the complexities of the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gender closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and male athletic body? Which factors are assessed as the driving forces of these gender cultures that reveal male dominance in the sports field? However, there are significant signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have efforted to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in various modalities, and international and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female participation and recognition in sports, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-competitive sports and as sports spectators have started growing. This improvement leads to new representations of sports and challenges the roles of women in such a context. Different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challenging how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Nevertheless, the research on the impacts of these changes/challenges in sports is scarce. This book focuses on mapping gender relations in sports and its management by considering the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors. It treats sports and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occur, but it also adopts such a space that presents an opportunity for change and a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly.

The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS) is organized by GESPORT with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union from the 14th to the 16th of July 2021. The conference is an excellent forum for academics, researchers, practitioners, athletes, man- agers and professionals of federations, associations and sport organizations, and those other- wise involved in sport to share and exchange ideas in different areas of sport related equality worldwide. We will keep you informed by email and post the latest information on this matter on the GESPORT website and social media. Sport and its management continues to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. This conference aims to investigate the complexities attached to the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gen- der closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to a dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and athletic male body? Moreover, and albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policy makers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender discrimination and segregation are present in multiple aspects of sport. Some illustrations include: a) male athletes have high salaries, more career opportunities, and get more recognition by society than female athletes; b) management and leadership positions in sports organizations are mainly occupied by men, including in sports traditionally considered as feminine and which have become feminised (e.g. gymnastics and dance); c) masculinised sports and its male athletes have much more attention and recognition from the media than female athletes; d) sports journalism continues to be predominantly produced and managed by men; e) some sports spectatorships cultures are marked by rituals and interactions that resort to masculine tribalism, often leading to aggressive and violent behaviours. Gender discrimination in sport is somehow socially normalised and accepted through a dis- course that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender dis- course legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities and traps female bodies in sociocultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport, or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. However, there are signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have made an effort to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in different modalities and in in- ternational and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female partic- ipation and recognition in sport, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-com- petitive sport and as sports spectators have started growing, leading to new representations of sport and challenging the role of women in such a context. Finally, different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challeng- ing how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Yet, research is scarce about the impact of these changes/challenges in the sports context. This conference will focus on mapping gender relations in sport and its management by taking into account the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors (e.g. athletes, spectators, media professionals, sport decision makers and man- agers). It will treat sport and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occurs, but also adopt such as a space that presents an opportunity for change and does so as a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly. In this sense, the conference is interested in theoretical and empirical research work that may explore, but are not limited to the following issues: • Women representativeness in sports modalities and in sport organizational structures in different countries; • Women and management accounting in sport organizations; • The gender regimes that (re)produce different sports policies, modalities, and institu- tions in sport; • The stories of resistance/conformity of women that already occupy different roles in sport contexts; • The challenges and impact of conventional and new body representations in sports institutions and including athletes of both genders; • The discourses of masculinities in sport and its effect on women and men athletes; • The emergence of nationalism and populist discourses in political and governments states and their impact on the (re)shaping of masculinity and femininity constructions in sport; • The gendered transformations of the spectators’ gaze in what concerns different sports modalities; • The effects of new groups of sports spectators on gender relations in sport; • The discourses in media and its participation in the sports gender (in)equality; • The impact of new technologies, and new practices of training/coaching in the body- work and identities of athletes of both genders.

It was not exactly Freud’s birthday, but on April 27, 1995, the em-inent French psychoanalyst André Green (1995) delivered the “Sigmund Freud Birthday Lecture” at the Anna Freud Centre in London under the title “Has Sexuality Anything To Do With Psychoanalysis?” In the opening sections of his paper, Green explained that his provocative question had been prompted by a twofold observation. On the one hand, he had noticed how since the mid-1980s sexuality had all but disappeared as a “ma-jor concept” and a “theoretical function of heuristic value” from the psychoanalytic literature, with the exception of “the ever problematic topic of feminine sexuality.” On the other hand, he had ascertained how practicing psychoanalysts, when pre-senting case material, were more inclined to focus on the ego, inter-subjectivity and destructiveness, for example, rather than the role played by sexuality in the mental economy of their pa-tients. In light of these considerations, and wishing the founder of psychoanalysis well for his birthday, Green went on to em-phasize the value and significance of a thorough re-appraisal of Freud’s key contributions to the psychoanalytic study of sexu-ality—libido, the Oedipus complex, genitality, the vicissitudes of the drives (Eros and Thanatos), narcissism—subsequently responding to his own call in the 1997 monograph The Chains of Eros (2000) by newly integrating these and other notions into a hierarchical “erotic chain,” starting from the drive and ending in language and sublimation.

Abstract In the current climate of feminist theory, the notion of individual autonomy may seem an unlikely topic for a collection of feminist essays. Although the ideal of autonomy once seemed to hold out much promise, in providing both a liberatory goal and a moral standpoint from which to criticize sex-based oppression, autonomy is now generally regarded by feminist theorists with suspicion. Crudely stated, the charge is that the concept of autonomy is inherently masculinist, that it is inextricably bound up with masculine character ideals, with assumptions about selfhood and agency that are metaphysically, epistemologically, and ethically problematic from a feminist perspective, and with political traditions that historically have been hostile to women’s interests and freedom. What lies at the heart of these charges is the conviction that the notion of individual autonomy is fundamentally individualistic and rationalistic.

Abstract By the late 1950s, youth had become a prominent topic in media and expert debates across Europe popularizing the sociological concept of “youth culture.” Chapter 2 traces how this process unfolded in Poland and became a centerpiece of the regime’s efforts to address the challenge of the Thaw. Looking at public projections of youth identity in popular writings, sociological research, and sex education manuals, this chapter shows how the idea of youth came to embody a new type of socialist modernity that promoted moderate consumption, educated leisure, and moral values. Some of the main actors in this chapter are sociologists, writers, educators, and journalists, who served as mediators between the state and young people. Their writings often revealed unexpected progressive and feminist ideas. For example, publications on sexual education stressed the role of ethics and emotions while at the same time promoting female moral autonomy and reproductive rights.

ABSTRACT: The study aims to analyze ILO Conventions and Resolutions with the purpose of verifying whether there is international support for member countries to create prescriptive norms of behavior, giving rise to a positive obligation to encourage female entry into trade union organizations, especially in leadership positions. To this end, it will be necessary to conduct the study using a rational and systematic method, with special observance of the ILO's normative production on the topic. It was concluded that the ILO has international guidelines that allow member states to create internal standards with content to promote female participation in unions and their boards. The guidelines were found, especially, in the Report and Resolution on gender equality, published as a result of the 98th International Labor Conference. Keywords: Gender; Collective Negotiation; International Standards.

Abstract The end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth witnessed major transformations of the economic and social structure of societies. Industrialization, urbanization, and an increased level of literacy all had a major impact on families. For some families, the new economic era brought prosperity and was synonymous with an improved standard of living. For the large majority, however, the new urban and industrial setting was instead synonymous with dismal living and working conditions. Dwellings were crowded, ill-equipped, and the working environment of most workers was highly hazardous. It is in this context that the issues of poverty and high level of mortality, especially among children, became the subject of major political concern. If the relief of poverty had been so far left to philanthropic organizations, the magnitude of the problem was now calling for governmental interventions. This problem was in fact to lead to the first governmental initiatives directed at the family. The other topic which attracted attention during this period was the decline in fertility. In several countries, since the 1870s, fertility had been declining and projections were suggesting an eventual decline in population size. At a time when population growth was perceived as a guarantee of military and political power, such a situation did not leave governments indifferent. Conversely, it led to major initiatives related to fertility and population growth. Finally, the third theme which attracted attention during this period was that of birth-control. Promoted by some feminists and Malthusian associations, the issue aroused serious controversies. In most countries, governments were to take a firm stance in making illegal the use of contraception and abortion. Essentially private in essence, the issue was thus aired in public and led to major governmental initiatives.

The urban experience of women in São Paulo reflects the complexities of urban space and gender dynamics in Brazil's largest city. Women face significant challenges, from precarious mobility to unequal access to public services and unsafe urban spaces. Socioeconomic disparities exacerbate these difficulties, highlighting the intersectionality of their identities. Fully understanding these experiences is essential for developing more inclusive and equitable public policies. This article emphasizes the need for comprehensive analysis that recognizes the diverse realities of women in the City of São Paulo and promotes a safer, fairer, and more equal urban environment for all. Keywords: Feminist urbanism, right to the city, feminine right to the city, urban inequality. Topic: Public space and urban design in the contemporary metropolis. A vivência urbana feminina em São Paulo reflete as complexidades do espaço urbano e das dinâmicas de gênero na maior cidade do Brasil. Mulheres enfrentam desafios significativos, desde mobilidade precária até acesso desigual a serviços públicos e espaços urbanos inseguros. Disparidades socioeconômicas acentuam essas dificuldades, destacando a interseccionalidade de suas identidades. Compreender plenamente essas experiências é essencial para desenvolver políticas públicas mais inclusivas e equitativas. Este artigo destaca a necessidade de uma análise abrangente que reconheça as diversas realidades das mulheres na Cidade de São Paulo e promova um ambiente urbano mais seguro, justo e igualitário para todas. Palavras chave: Urbanismo feminista, direito a cidade, direito a cidade feminina, desigualdade urbana. Bloco temático: Espaço público e projeto urbano na metrópole contemporânea.