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Journal articles on the topic 'Promoter Characterization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Nevoigt, Elke, Jessica Kohnke, Curt R. Fischer, Hal Alper, Ulf Stahl, and Gregory Stephanopoulos. "Engineering of Promoter Replacement Cassettes for Fine-Tuning of Gene Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (2006): 5266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00530-06.

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ABSTRACT The strong overexpression or complete deletion of a gene gives only limited information about its control over a certain phenotype or pathway. Gene function studies based on these methods are therefore incomplete. To effect facile manipulation of gene expression across a full continuum of possible expression levels, we recently created a library of mutant promoters. Here, we provide the detailed characterization of our yeast promoter collection comprising 11 mutants of the strong constitutive Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEF1 promoter. The activities of the mutant promoters range between

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2

Zhang, Xiaojuan, Zhixuan Yao, Yanting Duan, Xiaomei Zhang, Jinsong Shi, and Zhenghong Xu. "Investigation of specific interactions between T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase by force spectroscopy using atomic force microscope." Biochemical Journal 475, no. 1 (2018): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170616.

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The specific recognition and binding of promoter and RNA polymerase is the first step of transcription initiation in bacteria and largely determines transcription activity. Therefore, direct analysis of the interaction between promoter and RNA polymerase in vitro may be a new strategy for promoter characterization, to avoid interference due to the cell's biophysical condition and other regulatory elements. In the present study, the specific interaction between T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase was studied as a model system using force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscope (AFM). The sp

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3

Daxhelet, Guy, Philippe Gilot, and Philippe Hoet. "Cloning and characterization of transcriptional promoters fromBacillus subtilisphage 2C." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 9 (1996): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-118.

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Phage 2C is a Bacillus subtilis lytic phage, whose genome contains hydroxymethyluracil in place of thymine. To isolate promoters of early phage genes involved in the take-over of cellular metabolism, 2C DNA libraries were constructed in promoter-probe plasmids replicating in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis. Four different 2C DNA fragments strongly expressed reporter genes in E. coli but not in B. subtilis. All fragments originated from unique sequences of the genome and not from its terminal redundancies. One fragment was sequenced. Despite the presence of an σA-RNA polymerase binding site up

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4

Gopaul, Krishna K., Patricia C. Brooks, Jean-François Prost, and Elaine O. Davis. "Characterization of the Two Mycobacterium tuberculosis recA Promoters." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 20 (2003): 6005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.20.6005-6015.2003.

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ABSTRACT The recA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unusual in that it is expressed from two promoters, one of which, P1, is DNA damage inducible independently of LexA and RecA, while the other, P2, is regulated by LexA in the classical way (E. O. Davis, B. Springer, K. K. Gopaul, K. G. Papavinasasundaram, P. Sander, and E. C. Böttger, Mol. Microbiol. 46:791-800, 2002). In this study we characterized these two promoters in more detail. Firstly, we localized the promoter elements for each of the promoters, and in so doing we identified a mutation in each promoter which eliminates promoter

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5

Zahradka, Peter, Dawn E. Larson, and Bruce H. Sells. "Characterization of a mammalian ribosomal protein gene promoter." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 6 (1990): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-140.

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The presence of specific promoter elements, notably the TATA and GC boxes, has been useful for categorizing genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The gene for the murine ribosomal protein (r-protein) L32 lacks both of these elements, although it has GC-rich regions. The conditions required for its optimal synthesis in vitro, however, resemble the properties of promoters containing TATA (adenovirus major late promoter) rather than GC boxes (dihydrofolate reductase). To further investigate the relationship of the r-protein gene to different promoter elements, transcription competition analyses

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6

Gosselin, P., A. P. Makrigiannis, R. Nalewaik, and S. K. Anderson. "Characterization of the Ly49I promoter." Immunogenetics 51, no. 4-5 (2000): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050626.

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7

Dutt, Manjul, Zhijian T. Li, Sadanand Dhekney, and Dennis J. Gray. "(285) Characterization of a Composite Promoter from Genomic Sequences of Grapevine." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1053C—1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1053c.

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Genetic transformation of plants necessitates the use of promoters to control transgene expression. Numerous promoters have been isolated from a wide range of organisms for use in plants. However, many of these natural promoters exhibit relatively low activity and/or have limited use. To provide an alternative, we constructed a composite promoter (EP) using a genomic DNA sequence and a 35 bp TATA-containing fragment from the 2S albumin (VvAlb1) gene core promoter of grapevine. The 0.9-kb genomic sequence was identified after TAIL-PCR, based on the presence of several unique cis-acting elements

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8

Cazzonelli, Christopher Ian, and Jeff Velten. "In vivo characterization of plant promoter element interaction using synthetic promoters." Transgenic Research 17, no. 3 (2007): 437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-007-9117-8.

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9

Bacha, Sardar, Nadia Iqbal, Aftab Bashir, Farah Deeba, Muhammad Asif, and Joshua Yuan. "Evaluation of Cis-Regulatory Elements of Dicot ?-TbSt Promoter." JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 2, no. 3 (2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v2i3.35.

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The eukaryotic gene expression is controlled by a regulatory region called promoter. Many plant promoters have been characterized for regulatory motifs. There are three types of plant promoters i.e. inducible, constitutive and tissue specific on basis of regulatory motifs. Plant sources have been searched for isolation of strong promoters that are being utilized in molecular biology research. The researchers need to address IPR issues for utilizing the strong patented promoters for the expression of their transgenes. The identification and characterization of strong dicot promoter is necessary

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10

García, Pilar, Juan Evaristo Suárez, Victoria Bascarán, and Ana Rodríguez. "Isolation and characterization of promoters from the Lactobacillus casei temperate bacteriophage A2." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 11 (1997): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-151.

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Random Sau3AI DNA fragments from the temperate Lactobacillus bacteriophage A2 were cloned into the promoter-probe plasmid pGKV210. Seven DNA fragments with promoter activity were selected, after transformation of Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis, subsp. lactis, through the chloramphenicol resistance they conferred to the corresponding clones. The seven promoters were functional in Lactobacillus casei. Their strength was analysed by measuring the levels of chloramphenicol resistance and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity induced in each host. The nucleotide sequences of these fra

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11

Liliana, Villao-Uzho, Chávez-Navarrete Tatiana, Pacheco-Coello Ricardo, Sánchez-Timm Eduardo, and Santos-Ordóñez Efrén. "Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation." Genes 14, no. 6 (2023): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14061226.

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One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Ther

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12

Lee, Dong-Hoon, Naum Gershenzon, Malavika Gupta, Ilya P. Ioshikhes, Danny Reinberg, and Brian A. Lewis. "Functional Characterization of Core Promoter Elements: the Downstream Core Element Is Recognized by TAF1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (2005): 9674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9674-9686.2005.

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ABSTRACT Downstream elements are a newly appreciated class of core promoter elements of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. The downstream core element (DCE) was discovered in the human β-globin promoter, and its sequence composition is distinct from that of the downstream promoter element (DPE). We show here that the DCE is a bona fide core promoter element present in a large number of promoters and with high incidence in promoters containing a TATA motif. Database analysis indicates that the DCE is found in diverse promoters, supporting its functional relevance in a variety of promoter cont

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13

Smith, R. L., D. L. Traul, J. Schaack, G. H. Clayton, K. J. Staley, and C. L. Wilcox. "Characterization of Promoter Function and Cell-Type-Specific Expression from Viral Vectors in the Nervous System." Journal of Virology 74, no. 23 (2000): 11254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.23.11254-11261.2000.

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ABSTRACT Viral vectors have become important tools to effectively transfer genes into terminally differentiated cells, including neurons. However, the rational for selection of the promoter for use in viral vectors remains poorly understood. Comparison of promoters has been complicated by the use of different viral backgrounds, transgenes, and target tissues. Adenoviral vectors were constructed in the same vector background to directly compare three viral promoters, the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat, and the adenoviral E

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14

Wei, Kai, Lei Ma, and Tingting Zhang. "Characterization of gene promoters in pig: conservative elements, regulatory motifs and evolutionary trend." PeerJ 7 (June 25, 2019): e7204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7204.

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It is vital to understand the conservation and evolution of gene promoter sequences in order to understand environmental adaptation. The level of promoter conservation varies greatly between housekeeping (HK) and tissue-specific (TS) genes, denoting differences in the strength of the evolutionary constraints. Here, we analyzed promoter conservation and evolution to exploit differential regulation between HK and TS genes. The analysis of conserved elements showed CpG islands, short tandem repeats and G-quadruplex sequences are highly enriched in HK promoters relative to TS promoters. In additio

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15

Sang, Na, Darun Cai, Chao Li, Yuqiang Sun, and Xianzhong Huang. "Characterization and Activity Analyses of the FLOWERING LOCUS T Promoter in Gossypium Hirsutum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (2019): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194769.

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Flowering transition is a crucial development process in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the flowering time is closely correlated with the timing of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of various cis-regulatory elements in the FT promoter of cotton has not been determined. In this study, a 5.9-kb promoter of FT was identified from cotton. A bioinformatics analysis showed that multiple insertion–deletion sites existed in the 5.9-kb promoter. Different expression levels of a reporter gene, and the induction by sequential deletions in GhFT pro

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16

Fenton, R. A., C. A. Cottingham, G. S. Stewart, A. Howorth, J. A. Hewitt, and C. P. Smith. "Structure and characterization of the mouse UT-A gene (Slc14a2)." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 282, no. 4 (2002): F630—F638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2001.

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The movement of urea across plasma membranes is modulated by facilitated urea transporter proteins. These proteins are the products of two closely related genes, termed UT-A ( Slc14a2) and UT-B ( Slc14a1). By genomic library screening and P1 artificial chromosome “shotgun” sequencing, we have determined the structure of the mouse UT-A gene. The gene is >300 kb in length, contains 24 exons, and has 2 distinct promoters. Flanking the 5′-region of the gene is the UT-Aα promoter that regulates transcription of UT-A1 and UT-A3. The second promoter, termed UT-Aβ, is present in intron 13 and regul

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17

Yan, Junjun, Qiang Gao, Zongbin Cui, Guoliang Yang, and Yong Long. "Molecular characterization of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) beta-actin gene promoter." PeerJ 6 (October 23, 2018): e5701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5701.

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Constitutive promoters are important tools for gene function studies and transgenesis. The Beta-actin (actb1) gene promoter has been isolated from many species but remains to be cloned from the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). In this study, we cloned and characterized the Mractb1 gene promoter. Two alternative promoters were identified for the Mractb1 gene, which direct the generation of two transcripts with different 5′ untranslated regions. Three CpG islands were predicted in the upstream sequence, which are intimately related to transcription initiation and promoter acti

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18

Wei, Wei, Guiyun Wang, Xiang Qi, Ella W. Englander, and George H. Greeley. "Characterization and Regulation of the Rat and Human Ghrelin Promoters." Endocrinology 146, no. 3 (2005): 1611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1306.

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Ghrelin is a recently discovered stomach hormone and endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor. The aim of these studies is to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the ghrelin gene. Distal and proximal transcription initiation sites are present. A short transcript, a product of the proximal site, showed a more widespread distribution. Two sets of 5′-upstream segments of the rat and human ghrelin genes were cloned and sequenced. Rat promoter segments upstream of the distal site showed highest activity in kidney (COS-7) and stomach (AGS) cells, whereas human promoter

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19

Jiang, Daifeng, Srinivas Mummidi, Sunil K. Ahuja, and Harry W. Jarrett. "CCR5 Promoter Haplotype Transcription Complex Characterization." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 22, no. 4A (2011): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2011.0169.

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20

Cano, A. "Characterization of the rat NHE3 promoter." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 3 (1996): F629—F636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.3.f629.

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NHE3, a transmembrane protein involved in transcellular ion transport, is expressed in the apical membrane of renal and gastrointestinal epithelia. Chronic regulation by multiple stimuli, including glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional regulation, has been demonstrated. To study the tissue-specific expression and transcriptional regulation of NHE3, the 5' flanking region of the rat NHE3 gene was cloned. Two genomic libraries were screened with the 5' end of the NHE3 cDNA. The 5' flanking region and first exon were isolated. Primer extension mapped a single transcription start site in stomach,

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21

Jian, Jin-Long, Can-Sheng Zhu, Zhu-Wei Xu, et al. "Identification and Characterization of theCD226Gene Promoter." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 39 (2006): 28731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m601786200.

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22

Blackwood, L., D. E. Onions, and D. J. Argyle. "Characterization of the feline thyroglobulin promoter." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 20, no. 3 (2001): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-7240(01)00093-5.

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23

Topping, Robert S., Scott P. Myrand, Brandi L. Williams, Jack C. Albert, and J. Christopher States. "Characterization of the human XPA promoter." Gene 166, no. 2 (1995): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00649-4.

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24

Polster, Brenda J., Moon Y. Yoon, and Susan J. Hayflick. "Characterization of the human PANK2 promoter." Gene 465, no. 1-2 (2010): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2010.06.011.

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25

Guimond, Julie, Dominic Devost, Helene Brodeur, Sylvie Mader, and Pangala V. Bhat. "Characterization of the rat RALDH1 promoter." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1579, no. 2-3 (2002): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00510-9.

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26

Shu, Xinhua, Julie R. Simpson, Alan W. Hart, et al. "Functional Characterization of the HumanRPGRProximal Promoter." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 53, no. 7 (2012): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8811.

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27

Skawran, Britta, Stephanie Schubert, Frank Dechend, et al. "Characterization of a human TSPY promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 276, no. 1-2 (2005): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-005-3801-x.

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28

Simons-Evelyn, Michelle, Howard A. Young, and Stephen K. Anderson. "Characterization of the MouseNktrGene and Promoter." Genomics 40, no. 1 (1997): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.4562.

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29

Lee, Jintae, Moohwan Cho, Eock-Kee Hong, Kwang-Soo Kim, and Jongwon Lee. "Characterization of the nar promoter to use as an inducible promoter." Biotechnology Letters 18, no. 2 (1996): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00128665.

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30

Gottesdiener, K., H. M. Chung, S. D. Brown, M. G. Lee, and L. H. Van der Ploeg. "Characterization of VSG gene expression site promoters and promoter-associated DNA rearrangement events." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (1991): 2467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2467-2480.1991.

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The expressed variant cell surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene of Trypanosoma brucei is located at the 3' end of a large, telomeric, polycistronic transcription unit or expression site. We show that the region 45 kb upstream of the VSG gene, in the expression site on a 1.5-Mb chromosome, contains at least two promoters that are arranged in tandem, directing the transcription of the expression site. DNA rearrangement events occur specifically, at inactivation of the expression site, and these events delete the most upstream transcribed region and replace it with a large array of simple-sequence DNA

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31

Gottesdiener, K., H. M. Chung, S. D. Brown, M. G. Lee, and L. H. Van der Ploeg. "Characterization of VSG gene expression site promoters and promoter-associated DNA rearrangement events." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (1991): 2467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2467.

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The expressed variant cell surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene of Trypanosoma brucei is located at the 3' end of a large, telomeric, polycistronic transcription unit or expression site. We show that the region 45 kb upstream of the VSG gene, in the expression site on a 1.5-Mb chromosome, contains at least two promoters that are arranged in tandem, directing the transcription of the expression site. DNA rearrangement events occur specifically, at inactivation of the expression site, and these events delete the most upstream transcribed region and replace it with a large array of simple-sequence DNA

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32

Hung, Chien-Hui, and Shih-Tung Liu. "Characterization of the Epstein–Barr virus BALF2 promoter." Journal of General Virology 80, no. 10 (1999): 2747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-10-2747.

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BALF2, which encodes the major DNA-binding protein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), is expressed during the early stage of the lytic cycle. The location of the BALF2 promoter was identified by primer extension, which indicated that the transcription start is located at nucleotide 164,782 of the EBV genome. Transfection analyses revealed that, similar to other EBV early promoters, the BALF2 promoter is activated by the EBV-encoded transcription factors Rta and Zta. The promoter is also synergistically activated if both transcription factors are present in B lymphocytes and in epithelial cells. Dele

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33

Correa, Nidia E., and Karl E. Klose. "Characterization of Enhancer Binding by the Vibrio cholerae Flagellar Regulatory Protein FlrC." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 9 (2005): 3158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.9.3158-3170.2005.

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ABSTRACT The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum, and motility has been inferred to be an important aspect of virulence. It has previously been demonstrated that the σ54-dependent activator FlrC is necessary for both flagellar synthesis and for enhanced intestinal colonization. In order to characterize FlrC binding, we analyzed two FlrC-dependent promoters, the highly transcribed flaA promoter and the weakly transcribed flgK promoter, utilizing transcriptional lacZ fusions, mobility shift assays, and DNase I footprinting. Promoter fusion st

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34

Xu, Jiangtao, Xiaoqing Liu, Xiaoxia Yu, Xiaoyu Chu, Jian Tian, and Ningfeng Wu. "Identification and characterization of sequence signatures in the Bacillus subtilis promoter Pylb for tuning promoter strength." Biotechnology Letters 42, no. 1 (2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-019-02749-4.

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Abstract Objective To thoroughly characterize the Pylb promoter and identify the elements that affect the promoter activity. Result The sequences flanking the − 35 and − 10 box of the Pylb promoter were divided into six segments, and six random-scanning mutant promoter libraries fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein EGFP were made and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the four nucleotides flanking the − 35 box could mostly influence the promoter activity, and this influence was related to the GC content. The promoters mutated in these regions were successfully used f

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35

Lin, Fanyu, He Huang, Wei Ke, Luhong Hou, Fang Li, and Feng Yang. "Characterization of white spot syndrome virus immediate-early gene promoters." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 2 (2013): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.047274-0.

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Twenty-one immediate-early (IE) genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been identified so far. However, the transcriptional regulation of WSSV IE genes remains largely unknown. In this report, the 5′ flanking regions of 18 WSSV IE genes were cloned and eight functional promoter regions were identified. WSSV IE gene promoters normally contained a TATA box approximately 30 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. Also, the cyclic AMP response element (CRE; TGACGTCA) was frequently found within the WSSV IE promoter regions. Mutations of the CREs of WSSV IE promoters P403 and P4

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36

Dreos, René, Anna Sloutskin, Nati Malachi, Diana Ideses, Philipp Bucher, and Tamar Juven-Gershon. "Computational identification and experimental characterization of preferred downstream positions in human core promoters." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (2021): e1009256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009256.

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Metazoan core promoters, which direct the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), may contain short sequence motifs termed core promoter elements/motifs (e.g. the TATA box, initiator (Inr) and downstream core promoter element (DPE)), which recruit Pol II via the general transcription machinery. The DPE was discovered and extensively characterized in Drosophila, where it is strictly dependent on both the presence of an Inr and the precise spacing from it. Since the Drosophila DPE is recognized by the human transcription machinery, it is most likely that some human promoters c

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Sebastian, Siby, Kazuto Takayama, Makio Shozu, and Serdar E. Bulun. "Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Endothelial Promoter of the Human CYP19 (Aromatase P450) Gene that Is Up-Regulated in Breast Cancer Tissue." Molecular Endocrinology 16, no. 10 (2002): 2243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2002-0123.

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Abstract Intratumoral expression of aromatase P450 (P450arom) promotes the growth of breast tumors via increased local estrogen concentration. We cloned a novel 101-bp untranslated first exon (I.7) that comprises the 5′-end of 29–54% of P450arom transcripts isolated from breast cancer tissues (n = 7). The levels of P450arom transcripts with exon I.7 were significantly increased in breast tumor tissues and adipose tissue adjacent to tumors. We identified a promoter immediately upstream of exon I.7 and mapped this to about 36 kb upstream of ATG translation start site of the CYP19 (aromatase cyto

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38

Yan, D. H., and M. C. Hung. "Identification and characterization of a novel enhancer for the rat neu promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 4 (1991): 1875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.4.1875-1882.1991.

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We used chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays to identify and characterize cis-acting elements responsible for rat neu promoter function. Deletion of a region of the neu promoter (-504 to -312) resulted in a marked decrease in CAT activity, indicating that this promoter region corresponds to a positive cis-acting element. Using band shift assays and methylation interference analyses, we further identified a specific protein-binding sequence, AAGATAAAACC (-466 to -456), that binds a specific trans-acting factor termed RVF (for EcoRV factor on the neu promoter). The RVF-binding site is

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39

Yan, D. H., and M. C. Hung. "Identification and characterization of a novel enhancer for the rat neu promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 4 (1991): 1875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.4.1875.

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We used chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays to identify and characterize cis-acting elements responsible for rat neu promoter function. Deletion of a region of the neu promoter (-504 to -312) resulted in a marked decrease in CAT activity, indicating that this promoter region corresponds to a positive cis-acting element. Using band shift assays and methylation interference analyses, we further identified a specific protein-binding sequence, AAGATAAAACC (-466 to -456), that binds a specific trans-acting factor termed RVF (for EcoRV factor on the neu promoter). The RVF-binding site is

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40

Manna, Adhar, and Ambrose L. Cheung. "Characterization of sarR, a Modulator ofsar Expression in Staphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (2001): 885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.885-896.2001.

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ABSTRACT The expression of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus is controlled by global regulatory loci (e.g.,sar and agr). The sar locus is composed of three overlapping transcripts (sar P1, P3, and P2 transcripts from P1, P3, and P2 promoters, respectively), all encoding the 372-bp sarA gene. The level of SarA, the major regulatory protein, is partially controlled by the differential activation of sar promoters. We previously partially purified a ∼12 kDa protein with a DNA-specific column containing asar P2 promoter fragment. In this study, the putative gene, designated sarR, was

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41

Horzempa, Joseph, Deanna M. Tarwacki, Paul E. Carlson, Cory M. Robinson, and Gerard J. Nau. "Characterization and Application of a Glucose-Repressible Promoter in Francisella tularensis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 7 (2008): 2161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02360-07.

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ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a category A biodefense agent. The examination of gene function in this organism is limited due to the lack of available controllable promoters. Here, we identify a promoter element of F. tularensis LVS that is repressed by glucose (termed the Francisella glucose-repressible promoter, or FGRp), allowing the management of downstream gene expression. In bacteria cultured in medium lacking glucose, this promoter induced the expression of a red fluorescent protein allele, tdtomato. FGRp activity was used to produce antisense RNA

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Vanhamme, L., A. Pays, P. Tebabi, S. Alexandre, and E. Pays. "Specific binding of proteins to the noncoding strand of a crucial element of the variant surface glycoprotein, procyclin, and ribosomal promoters of trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 10 (1995): 5598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.10.5598.

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The variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclin promoters of Trypanosoma brucei recruit an RNA polymerase sharing characteristic with polymerase I, but there is no sequence homology between them nor between these promoters and ribosomal promoters. We report the detailed characterization of the VSG promoter. The 70-bp region upstream of the transcription start site was sufficient for full promoter activity. Mutational analysis revealed three short critical stretches at positions -61 to -59 (box 1), -38 to -35 (box 2), and -1 to +1 (start site), the spacing of which was essential. These ele

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Guan, Jiazhen, Pascale V. Guillot, and William C. Aird. "Characterization of the Mouse von Willebrand Factor Promoter." Blood 94, no. 10 (1999): 3405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.10.3405.422k28_3405_3412.

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Expression of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene is restricted to the endothelial and megakaryocyte lineages. Within the endothelium, expression of vWF varies between different vascular beds. We have previously shown that the human vWF promoter spanning a region between −2182 (relative to the start site of transcription) and the end of the first intron contains information for environmentally responsive, vascular bed-specific expression in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. In the present study, we cloned the mouse vWF (mvWF) promoter and studied its function in cultured endothelial cell

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Wahyudi, Ivan Arie, Taigo Horiguchi, Keiko Miyoshi, et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Specificity Protein 6 Promoter." Indonesian Journal of Dental Research 1, no. 1 (2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/theindjdentres.9984.

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Specificity protein 6 (SP6) is a member of the SP/Krüppel-like transcription factor family and plays key roles in tooth development. To study its biological roles, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of Sp6 gene expression. For this purpose, we first identified two separate 5' ends of the Sp6 cDNA by 5' RACE analysis using mouse mandibular RNA. Next, we isolated mouse genomic DNA fragments covering the Sp6 gene including two putative mouse Sp6 promoter regions and generated a series of luciferase reporter constructs. We confirmed the activity of both promoters by a luci

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Borovsky, Dov, Hilde Breyssens, Esther Buytaert, et al. "Cloning and Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolases (JHEH) and Their Promoters." Biomolecules 12, no. 7 (2022): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12070991.

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Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of JH III in insects. To study the control of JHEH in female Drosophila melanogaster, JHEH 1, 2 and 3 cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses showed that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds juvenile hormone III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. Analyses of the three JHEH promoters and expressing short promoter sequences behind a reporte

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Tuck, S. P., and L. Crawford. "Characterization of the human p53 gene promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 5 (1989): 2163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.5.2163-2172.1989.

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Transcriptional deregulation of the p53 gene may play an important part in the genesis of some tumors. We report here an accurate determination of the transcriptional start sites of the human p53 gene and show that the majority of p53 mRNA molecules do not contain a postulated stem-loop structure at their 5' ends. Recombinant plasmids of the human p53 promoter-leader region fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) were constructed. After transfection into rodent or human cells, a 350-base-pair fragment spanning the promoter region conferred 4% of the CAT activity med

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Tuck, S. P., and L. Crawford. "Characterization of the human p53 gene promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 5 (1989): 2163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.5.2163.

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Transcriptional deregulation of the p53 gene may play an important part in the genesis of some tumors. We report here an accurate determination of the transcriptional start sites of the human p53 gene and show that the majority of p53 mRNA molecules do not contain a postulated stem-loop structure at their 5' ends. Recombinant plasmids of the human p53 promoter-leader region fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) were constructed. After transfection into rodent or human cells, a 350-base-pair fragment spanning the promoter region conferred 4% of the CAT activity med

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Liu, Rongxiang, Jing Zhao, Zhongrui Xu, and Zhiting Xiong. "Comparison and Characterization of a Cell Wall Invertase Promoter from Cu-Tolerant and Non-Tolerant Populations of Elsholtzia haichowensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (2021): 5299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105299.

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Cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity and the expression of the corresponding gene were previously observed to be significantly elevated in a Cu-tolerant population of Elsholtzia haichowensis relative to a non-tolerant population under copper stress. To understand the differences in CWIN gene regulation between the two populations, their CWIN promoter β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter vectors were constructed. GUS activity was measured in transgenic Arabidopsis in response to copper, sugar, and phytohormone treatments. Under the copper treatment, only the activity of the CWIN promoter from the Cu-t

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Mulvey, Michael R., Elizabeth Bryce, David A. Boyd, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Cefoxitin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Canadian Hospitals." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 1 (2005): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.1.358-365.2005.

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ABSTRACT A study designed to gain baseline information on strains of Escherichia coli displaying resistance to cefoxitin in Canada is described. A total of 29,323 E. coli isolates were screened at 12 participating hospital sites as part of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase surveillance initiative. A total of 411 clinically significant, nonrepeat isolates displaying reduced susceptibilities to the NCCLS-recommended beta-lactams were submitted to a central laboratory over a 1-year period ending on 30 September 2000. Two hundred thirty-two isolates were identified as resistant to cefoxitin. All

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Takeda, Hisashi, Akihiro Yamada, Keisuke Miyauchi, Eiji Masai, and Masao Fukuda. "Characterization of Transcriptional Regulatory Genes for Biphenyl Degradation in Rhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 7 (2004): 2134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.7.2134-2146.2004.

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ABSTRACT Transcription of the bphA1A2A3A4C1B genes, which are responsible for the conversion of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl to the meta-cleavage products in Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1, was examined. The bphA1 promoter (P bphA1 ) was identified and was shown to promote transcription induction by biphenyl and ethylbenzene. An 8.8-kb HindIII fragment that promotes transcription induction of P bphA1 in Rhodococcus erythropolis IAM1399 was isolated from the region downstream of bphB by using a reporter plasmid containing P bphA1 . Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this fragment reve

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