Academic literature on the topic 'Prone activities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prone activities"
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Luk, Jim T. C., Freeman K. C. Kwok, Indy M. K. Ho, and Del P. Wong. "Acute Responses of Core Muscle Activity during Bridge Exercises on the Floor vs. the Suspension System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115908.
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This study aimed to compare the neuromuscular activation of selected core musculature in supine and prone bridge exercises under stable versus suspended conditions. Forty-three healthy male participants were recruited to measure the electromyographic activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), lumbar multifidus (LM), thoracic erector spinae (TES), rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GM), and biceps femoris (BF) during supine and prone bridge exercises under six conditions: control, both arms and feet on the floor (Pronecon and Supinecon); arms on the floor and feet on the suspension system (Prone-Feetsuspension and Supine-Feetsuspension); and arms on the suspension system and feet on the floor (Prone-Armsuspension and Supine-Armsuspension). Prone-Armsuspension yielded significantly higher activities in the RA, RF, TES, and LM than Prone-Feetsuspension (p < 0.01) and Pronecon (p < 0.001). Moreover, Supine-Feetsuspension elicited significantly higher activities in the RA, RF, TES, LM, and BF than Supine-Armsuspension (p < 0.01) and Supinecon (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Supine-Feetsuspension elicited significantly higher activities in the RF, TES, and BF than Supinecon (p < 0.01). Therefore, if the RA and/or RF were the target training muscles, then Prone-Armsuspension was recommended. However, if the TES, LM, and/or BF were the target training muscles, then Supine-Feetsuspension was recommended.
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Yang, Jingzhen, Barton J. Mann, Joseph H. Guettler, Jeffrey R. Dugas, James J. Irrgang, Glenn S. Fleisig, and John P. Albright. "Risk-Prone Pitching Activities and Injuries in Youth Baseball." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 6 (March 13, 2014): 1456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546514524699.
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Oseni, A. E., and E. T. Bamidele. "The Contributing Effects of Human Activities to Flooding in Ota, Ogun State." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0195.
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Flood is considered to be a major natural disaster occurrence that affects human existence and the environment in many parts of the world. The objective of this study is to analyze the flood-prone areas and determine their spatial locations using GPS and also determine the causes of flooding in the study area through questionnaires. To achieve this, primary source data like fieldwork was used and secondary source data like administration of questionnaires was also used. A Survey of 120 randomly sampled respondents was conducted in different flood-prone locations and 100 responded. The data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed for the determination of the flood-prone areas in Ota, Ogun State. The result reveals that human activities like the dumping of refuse in drainage, bad road network, lack of proper drainage is majorly responsible for the areas to be at risk of flood prone. It was recommended that the government should create public awareness and sensitization campaigns should be embarked on to prevent the occurrence of this hazardous event in the future.
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Hartini, Nurul. "Resiliansi warga di wilayah rawan banjir di Bojonegoro." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 30, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v30i22017.114-120.
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Many residents in flood-prone areas Bojonegoro have chosen to remain occupying their house, to keep working and performing productive activities in the flood-prone areas. This phenomenon raises a question about “Resident’s resilience in flood-prone areas”. The research subjects are citizens of Bojonegoro from six flood-prone districts, namely: Dander, Bojonegoro, Kanor, Trucuk, Ngringinrejo and Baureno. Data collection is conducted by observation, interviews, and focused group discussion. This research confirmed the theory of Resilience from Grotberg (1995) on the citizens of Bojonegoro, where people living in floodprone areas have developed preparations and certain activities in order to manage the flood in their living areas every moonson.
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Meenakshi J et al, Meenakshi J. et al. "An Ergonomic Analysis of Drudgery Prone Activities in Sugarcane Cultivation." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 7, no. 4 (2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasraug201757.
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YAMADA, Tadashi, Yuka KARATANI, and Yasuo MATSUMOTO. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND ACTIVITIES FOR DISASTER REDUCTION IN A FLOOD-PRONE AREA." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 67, no. 4 (2011): I_661—I_666. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.67.i_661.
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Santos, Daniel Batista Conceição dos, Gleice Frade Assunção, Viviane Gonçalves Baptista, Juliana Granjeia Zanella, Juliane Da Silva Olivares, and Vivian Vieira Rodrigues. "COVID-19 e prona: prevenção de lesão por pressão pela enfermagem." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 36 (December 22, 2021): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.36.112-118.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência de capacitação da equipe de enfermagem sobre a prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos ao posicionamento prona. Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre capacitação da equipe de enfermagem em uma Unidade Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado de grande porte de São Paulo. Participaram das ações educativas 100 profissionais de enfermagem no mês de março de 2020. As capacitações abordaram os seguintes temas: posição prona e seus benefícios, utilização de curativos multicamadas (face e proeminências ósseas) e coxins para alívio e redistribuição da pressão, gerenciamento de circuitos e dispositivos e técnica de reposicionamento nadador. A realização das capacitações para prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes pronados representou importante ferramenta para treinamento e aprimoramento da equipe de enfermagem frente aos desafios do paciente grave com COVID-19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus, Enfermagem, Lesão por Pressão, Decúbito Ventral. COVID-19 and prone: pressure injury prevention by nursingAbstract: This study aims to describe the experience of training the nursing team on the prevention of pressure injuries in patients with COVID-19 submitted to prone positioning. This is an experience report on the training of the nursing team in an Intensive Care Unit of a large private hospital in São Paulo. 100 nursing professionals participated in the educational activities in March 2020. The training addressed the following topics: prone position and its benefits, use of multilayer dressings (face and bony prominences) and cushions for pressure relief and redistribution, circuit management and swimmer repositioning devices and technique. Conducting training to prevent pressure injuries in pronated patients represented an important tool for training and improving the nursing team in the face of the challenges of critically ill patients with COVID-19.Descriptors: Coronavirus Infections, Nursing, Pressure Ulcer, Prone Position. COVID-19 y prono: prevención de lesiones por presión por parte de la enfermeríaResumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia de capacitar al personal de enfermería en la prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 sometidos a decúbito prono. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre la formación del equipo de enfermería en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un gran hospital privado de São Paulo. 100 profesionales de enfermería participaron en las actividades educativas en marzo de 2020. La capacitación abordó los siguientes temas: posición prona y sus beneficios, uso de apósitos multicapa (prominencias faciales y óseas) y cojines para alivio y redistribución de la presión, manejo del circuito y dispositivos de reposicionamiento del nadador y técnica. La realización de capacitaciones para prevenir lesiones por presión en pacientes en pronación representó una herramienta importante para capacitar y mejorar al equipo de enfermería ante los desafíos de los pacientes críticos con COVID-19.Descriptores: Infecciones por Coronavirus, Enfermería, Úlcera por Presión, Posición Prona.
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Podgórzańska, Renata. "Polish Involvement in Peacekeeping Operations and Stabilisation Missions from the Perspective of The Foreign Policy." Reality of Politics 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201405.
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The involvement of Poland in the activities of the international community for strengthening peace, security and stability in conflict-prone states and regions was one of significant elements of the foreign policy pursued afier 1989. It assumed various forms, from diplomatic initiatives and activities, to the direct participation in international peacekeeping operations and stabilisation missions. The involvement of Poland in the activities of the international community for strengthening peace, security and stability in conflict-prone states and regions was one of significant elements of the foreign policy pursued afier 1989. It assumed various forms, from diplomatic initiatives and activities, to the direct participation in international peacekeeping operations and stabilisation missions.
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Li, Xin, Howe Liu, Ke-yu Lin, Ping Miao, Bao-feng Zhang, Song-wei Lu, Le Li, and Chu-huai Wang. "Effects of Different Sling Settings on Electromyographic Activities of Selected Trunk Muscles: A Preliminary Research." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2945952.
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Introduction. The supine and prone sling exercise may facilitate activation of the local trunk muscles. Does the side-lying sling exercise activate trunk muscles more easily than the supine and prone training with sling settings? Clinical work has shown that the side-lying sling exercise could reduce pain in patients with unilateral low back pain (LBP), but the mechanism behind it is unclear. The fundamental purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the electromyography (EMG) characteristics of trunk muscles during different sling lumbar settings on sixteen healthy adults. Methods. Amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of EMG signals were recorded from the transversus abdominis (TA), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (Gmax), and gluteus medius (Gmed) muscles while the subjects performed the supine lumbar setting (SLS), prone lumbar setting (PLS), left side-lying lumbar setting (LSLS), and right side-lying lumbar setting (RSLS). Results. During SLS and PLS, TA and MF showed significantly higher activity than RA and ES on the same side, respectively. The EMG activities of ES, TA, MF, Gmax, and Gmed had significant differences between the different sides during LSLS and RSLS, and the dominant-side muscles showed higher activity than the other side. There was no significant difference in core trunk muscles between different sling lumbar settings—only that the SLS of the MF/ES ratio was significantly higher than LSLS and RSLS. Conclusions. Sling exercises can be an effective measure to enhance MF and TA EMG activity, and the side-lying position can increase dominant-side Gmax and Gmed activity. Side-lying sling training does not activate more core muscles than the supine and prone training. Supine and prone exercise should be preferred over SLT to stabilize the lumbar region because of its high local/global muscle ratio.
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Palayoor, Sanjeewani T., Thomas N. Seyfried, and David J. Bernard. "Calcium ATPase Activities in Synaptic Plasma Membranes of Seizure-Prone Mice." Journal of Neurochemistry 46, no. 5 (May 1986): 1370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb01749.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Prone activities"
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Lamarche, Brandon James. "Error-prone DNA repair in the African swine fever virus characterization of six abasic site processing activities and evidence for a mutagenic function /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117656158.
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Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa. "Oil consumption, pollutant emission, oil proce volatility and economic activities in selected Asian Developing Economies." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/693.
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It is now well established in the literature that oil consumption, oil price shocks, and oil price volatility may impact the economic activities negatively. Studies identifying the relationship between energy and/or oil consumption and output primarily take two different approaches. One approach includes energy or oil consumption in addition to output, labour, and capital. The other approach takes energy and/or oil, output and prices. Based on these two models most of the previous studies suggest energy conservation policies for different economies. However, none of the previous studies considered both of these models jointly to make policy implications and there are not many studies investigating oil consumption-output relationship in a multivariate model in the context of developing economies. Furthermore, one of the important variables in making any conservation policies, carbon emission, is omitted from the models.Similarly, there has been a large body of literature investigating the impact of oil price shocks in different economies. Nevertheless, studies analysing the impact of oil price volatility on economic activities are very limited. More importantly, studies analysing the impact of oil price volatility in developing economies are almost non-existent. In the light of increasing demand for oil from the developing nations, comprehensive studies on identifying the impact of oil consumption, oil prices, and oil price volatility on developing economies is warranted.Hence, in this thesis, the contribution of oil in economic development is investigated with the help of two different models. The first model, termed as supply-side approach, analyses the contribution of oil consumption in economic activities within the traditional production function framework. The second model, termed as demand-side approach, analyses the contribution of energy consumption in economic activities in two stages. In the first stage, oil consumption demand is analysed by a tri-variate model having oil prices as the third variable in addition to oil consumption and GDP. In the second stage, carbon emission output is determined in a tri-variate model with carbon emission as the third variable along with oil consumption and output. This thesis also performs a unique task of analysing the impact of volatility on world crude oil prices on the economic activities of six Asian developing economies.With respect to the oil consumption-output relationship, despite dissimilarities in results for causality relationships between oil consumption and output in three different models for different countries, one common result emerges. Except for the Philippines, all other countries are found to be oil dependent either from supply-side or from demand-side or from both of the sides. This implies that for all the considered developing economies, except for the Philippines, oil conservation policies seem to be harder to implement as that may retard their economic growth. In addition to that, one very important findings of the empirical analysis based on the equation regarding pollutant emission output is that for all the countries, except for Malaysia, output Granger causes pollutant emission (CO2) both in the short run and long run.With respect to the impact of oil price volatility on economies, this study finds that oil price volatility seems to impact all the economies in the short run. According to the results, oil price volatility affects GDP growth in China and Malaysia, GDP growth and inflation in India and Indonesia, while in the Philippines volatility in oil prices impacts inflation. However, in Thailand the impact channels are different for pre- and post-Asian financial crisis period. For Thailand, it can be inferred that oil price volatility impacts output growth for the whole period; however, after the Asian financial crisis the impact seems to disappear.Based on the comprehensive study within three different theoretical frameworks the policy implications regarding oil consumption-output relationship can be summarised as follows. For the Philippines, where uni-directional causality from income to oil consumption is found, she may contribute to the fight against global warming directly implementing energy conservation measures. The direction of causality indicates that the oil conservation policies can be initiated with little or no effect on economic growth. For rest of the oil dependent countries where either bidirectional causality or uni-directional causality from oil consumption to output is found in any of the models, since oil is a critical determinant of economic growth in these countries, limiting its use may retard economic growth. Nevertheless, all of these countries may initiate environmental policies aimed at decreasing energy intensity, increasing energy efficiency, and developing a market for emission trading. These countries can invest in research and development to innovate technology that makes alternative energy sources more feasible, thus mitigating pressure on the environment.According to the impact analysis of oil price volatility on economic activities, the policy implications are as follows. In Thailand, the results after the financial crisis show that adverse effect of oil price volatility has been mitigated to some extent. It seems that oil subsidization of the Thai government by introduction of the oil fund and the flexible exchange rate regime plays a significant role in improving economic performance by lessening the adverse effect of oil price volatility on macroeconomic indicators. For all other countries, the impact of oil price volatility is also of short term. Hence, the short-term impact of oil price volatility on the concerned economies may be exerted though the uncertainty born by the fluctuations in the crude oil price in the world market. As far as the impact on GDP growth is concerned, the short-run impact may also be transmitted through the investment uncertainties resulting from increased volatility in oil prices. However, from the Thai experience it can be inferred that flexible exchange rate regime insulate the economy in the short run from any adverse impact from oil price volatility on growth. Hence, it can be suggested that good subsidization policy with considerable knowledge on international currency market, both spot and future, may shield the economies from adverse consequences due to the fluctuation in oil prices in the short run. Nevertheless, this may affect other sectors of the economy like, inflation, interest rate, government budget deficit, etc.
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林嘉珮. "A study of intensive activities based solution-focused group counseling program on depression prone elementary school students." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32283184730375329815.
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碩士臺北市立教育大學
心理與諮商學系碩士班
97
activities based solution-focused group counselling program on depression prone elementary school students is to evaluate the effectiveness of this counselling program to provide reference & application for future elementary school's counselling work . This experimental module has been conducted on one specific elementary school in Taipei Hsien with focus on 16 depression prone school students taken separately in random sampling groups : Experimental Group and Controlled Group . The objects of these 2 groups have adopted different experimental designs . Experimental Group was treated under a 3-day per week , 50 minutes per day sessions totalling 10 sessions of intensive activities based solution-focused group counseling programs . Controlled group however , was not subjected to any experimental arrangement . The experimental arrangement of this module is classified as " independent item " . The depression points derived from the school students is classified as " variable item " . The principal tool for this judgment is based on the " Chart of Taiwan version of Depression Prone Children &Adlescents " ( CDI_TW ) . Data gathered from this experiment will further undergo independent sample T testing & Variable sample T testing to evaluate the effectiveness of this experimental program . The result of the experiment as follows : 1. The scores of the 2 groups of participating students in this experiment derived after utilizing ( CDI._TW ) , and the difference of the average scores of the 2 groups that have been verified by the independent sample T testing method , showed a significant difference between the Experimental Group and the Controlled Group . 2. The Experimental Group of students have derived 2 testing scores before and after the utilization of ( CDI_ TW) . The scores having been verified by the variable sample T testing method showed significant difference in the results . Based on the conclusion gathered in this experiment , the researchers provided their restrictions , recommendations & analysis that hopefully can allow them to become the school's guidance counsellor and it can serve as guideline and reference for future experimental work.
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Lovell, Brenda. "An Investigation of the Influence of a Wakeful Prone and Vestibular Activity Program on Early Infancy Motor Development." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43126/.
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Critical elements of early infant motor development can be observed when very young babies spontaneously kick and wave their arms. This initial movement phase progresses through various motor milestones from engaging the inhibition of the primitive reflexes through to rudimentary movements, fundamental motor skills, and finally to engaging in specialised sports activities in the early primary school age years (Gabbard, 2012; Goodway, Ozmun, & Gallahue, 2019). Even though infants have the propensity to naturally move through these rudimentary motor milestones, time spent in awake prone positions is central to achieving to achieving these skills (Ohman, Nilsson, Lagerkvist, & Beckung, 2009). Prone positioning is commonly referred to as tummy time, which has been described as a practice whereby an infant is placed on their stomach during awake play times (Hewitt, Stanley, & Okely, 2017). This tummy time positioning encourages head, neck and arm strength supporting timely rudimentary rolling and crawling skills (Dudek-Shriber & Zelazny, 2007; Jennings, Sarbaugh, & Payne, 2009; Lobo & Galloway, 2012; Majnemer & Snider, 2005), and also reducing the risk of deformational plagiocephaly or flat head syndrome (Kennedy, Majnemer, Farmer, Barr, & Platt, 2009).
Researchers have proposed that motor development and motor milestones in infants may be affected or in some cases delayed, following the introduction of sleeping babies on their backs as a result of the SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) campaign of the 1990s (Davis, Moon, Sachs, & Ottolini, 1998; Speltz et al., 2010). As a consequence of this campaign the incidence of SIDs declined worldwide in the following years although it was reported that parents tended to avoid placing their infants on their stomach during awake times, subsequently affecting motor milestones, head shape and core strength (Davis et al., 1998; Robertson, 2011). This doctoral research centres on the Baby Activity Chart-Program (BAC-Program) that was devised and created to support families and to provide a variety of fun, tummy time and vestibular focused actions for infants from 6 weeks post birth. Families are encouraged to interact with BAC-Program’s four milestone focused divisions of 34 activities, and culminating when the infant is mobile, feasibly crawling on hands and knees.
The doctoral research incorporated the concept and activities within the BAC- Program, and subsequently undertook two separate but inter-linked research studies. Study one involves the evaluation of the BAC-Program through an ‘experts’ response questionnaire’ (ERQ) presented to sixteen experts in the early childhood and the allied health professions. The questionnaire consisted of five sections covering all aspects of the BAC Program’s design, layout, diagrams, text and contents. The Experts were instructed to rate all milestone divisions within the BAC-Program within the questionnaire’s five sections and to also include comments and suggestions according to each expert’s professional expertise. Overall, this first study produced a very positive result with the BAC-Program being effectively recommended by 93% of the experts. Consequently, a BAC-Program/2 (BAC- P/2) was created as the Expert’s recommendations were carefully analysed and those considered significant and theory based to enhance the activities were incorporated into the newly produced infant activity program-edition two.
The positive endorsement and results achieved in Study one enabled the newly created BAC-P/2 to be investigated in a further study within this doctoral research. Study two investigated whether an experimental group of twenty nine infants that commenced participation in the BAC-Program/2 at 10 weeks of age, were more advanced in their motor skills (prone, supine, sitting, standing) when compared to a control group of thirty four infants also observed at 7-9 months post birth. The control group had not participated in the BAC-P/2 but were presented with the program at the completion of the testing procedure. The overall results defined that the total percentage mean score on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) of the experimental group was significantly higher (the difference was significant at .023 alpha level) than the control group’s mean score based on all sixty three infant’s AIMS’ motor development scores. The interpretation at a practical level suggests that the participation by parents and carers in the activities within the BAC-P/2 have contributed to the overall differences in the recorded scores when comparing the means between the sample groups using the SPSS independent sample t-test.
Study two also examined the differences in overall motor development between groups in relation to time spent daily in tummy time and in vestibular stimulating activities. The experimental group spent greater time daily in both activity categories (tummy time and vestibular) and recorded a higher total percentage mean AIMS score when compared to the control group, however, the differences were not statistically significant. The data revealed that the association between the two study group’s AIMS scores may be influenced by the varying amount of both daily tummy time and daily vestibular time. Interestingly, both study groups reported higher total mean percentage scores in relation to greater amounts of time spent in both tummy time and vestibular activities. The overall conclusion to this study was reinforced by the result that when participating in the BAC-Program/2 from 10 weeks to 7-9 months, involving specifically modified infant movement activities, the twenty nine experimental group infants were significantly advanced in their motor development. There are also recognisable benefits (e.g. improved head control, core strength, response to gravity, spatial and body awareness) for infants to spend significant time in tummy and vestibular focused movements in regard to achieving their motor milestones.
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Pai, Chia-Lin, and 白佳琳. "Ozaki Hotsuma’s Participation in Cultural Activities and His Studies on Chinese Poetry and Prose in Taiwan（1901-1946）." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17547111139519440850.
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碩士國立中興大學
台灣文學與跨國文化研究所
102
An East-Asian perspective was taken to write this paper. Taiwan was Japan’s first overseas colony, and large numbers of Japanese people were recruited and sent to Taiwan for cultural assimilation. Ozaki Hotsuma was asked to come to Taiwan, too, because he was learned in the Chinese language. He lived in Taiwan for more than Chinese 40 years, during which he worked as Taiwan Daily Newspaper’s journalist and the Chinese column’s editor in chief, history editor for various committees and a historic site investigator. He even founded a fine arts institution through which he introduced Taiwanese artists to Japan and vice versa. Sometimes he presented calligraphy pieces to audience in Japan, too. As the first master’s thesis ever on Ozaki Hotsuma, this paper aims to comb through the local cultural activities that Ozaki participated and how he had exerted his influence in Taiwan. This thesis is divided into six chapters. First is the introduction, which explains the motivation, goals and structure of this research, as well as the materials and literatures used. In the second chapter, Ozaki’s life and experiences in Taiwan, as well as the literary, fine arts and historical activities he took part in are discussed, in the hope of knowing what Ozaki was like, how he was related to Taiwan’s cultural scene, and how Japan’s cultural assimilation was in Taiwan. The third chapter focuses on Ozaki’s social network. A general description of his circle of friends is given, and this circle is combed through from individuals to its entirety to find out how Ozaki had multi-facetedly participated in the cultural activities in Taiwan. The fourth and the fifth chapters analyze Ozaki’s Chinese poetry and prose written in Taiwan. These two chapters respectively discuss Ozaki’s personal thoughts (individuality) and his descriptions of Taiwan (generality). Individuality refers to Ozaki’s personal interests and professional strengths shown in his works. Generality refers to the homesickness of Japanese expats in Taiwan and the portrayals of Taiwan’s landscapes, mountains and waters illustrated in Ozaki’s works. The sixth chapter concludes the research results and points out and reflects on what more can be studied. Key words: Ozaki Hotsuma; cultural assimilation; Chinese poetry and prose in Taiwan during the Japanese Rule; Chinese literature by the Japanese in Taiwan
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Chen, Li-jen, and 陳力仁. "The Design and Implementation of Technology-integrated Instructional Activities into High School Chinese Curriculum--Take Modern Prose for Example." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64726498967406210892.
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碩士淡江大學
教育科技學系
91
The purpose of this study is aimed to design a theme-based methodology for a high school Chinese curriculum integrated with internet and the latest computer technology to help students learn; meanwhile, the teacher can also evaluate students’ achievement and attitude through the system. The design principles are based on project-based learning as well as theme-based curriculum integration theories. This study provides a lesson plan and evidence in using technology and PBL in Chinese class of high school. This designed activity will achieve the following objectives: I. Theme-based activities can extend the depth and width of Chinese learning, and make learning transfer more plausible. II. The technology—integrated and project-based pedagogy can enhance students’ motivation of expanding their reading and make their learning a more interesting experience. III.Students are able to learn from sharing opinions with the peer in cooperative learning activities. IV.Internet helps students communicate and discuss ideas beyond distance limitation. V.Students'' compositions demonstrate better analytical skills whether in quality or in quantity. Suggestions for future are: I.Integrate writing exercise and strategies in extended reading materials. II.Consider students'' entry behavior and provide adaptive instruction for individuals. III.Establish a complete course management system. IV.Design and develop more units for teachers in junior and senior high schools.
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Hsiao, Chia-hui, and 蕭家慧. "Using Concept Mapping with Dynamic Assessment Activities to Probe the Elementary School 5th Grades Students’Conceptual Learning about Light and Color." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38983087329374141932.
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碩士國立台北師範學院
數理教育研究所
90
The purpose of this study was to probe the concept learning and conceptual changes from 5th grades students by concept mapping with dynamic assessment. This work consisted of four phases: a pilot phase, a pre-intervention elicitation, an intervention phase and a post-intervention elicitation. Data collection including the comparison of children’s ideas before and after the intervention phase, concept map, interview and learning journal were analyzed qualitatively. Eight students from the class were interviewed individually five times to explore the details of students’ ideas. The findings were summarized as follows: A. Students’ misconception about light and color: The difference between other researches and the finding of this research is that students have the misconception about the results between the overlapping of the color light and the mixing of subjects. B. Providing more concrete guide concerning about concept change model: According to CCM, two items about entities and concept ecosystem are discussed. If the two conceptions are ontologically compatible and the concept ecosystem of the student is moveable, conceptual change is easy. However, when the two conceptions are ontologically distinct, learning is difficult. C. It is a good time to provide students the chances to review, when their answers are “ I don’t know why I choose that answer”, for getting the opportunity for conceptual change. D. According to the conceptual ecosystem, both the process technical ability and ability of thinking are important in science education.
Books on the topic "Prone activities"
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Nicolas, Oikonomidès, and Nesbitt John W, eds. Byzantine authors: Literary activities and preoccupations : text and translations dedicated to the memory of Nicolas Oikonomides. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
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Cadieux, Gilbert. Vivre en état de conscience: Activités psychologiques : texte en prose numérique. Laval [Québec]: Éditions Duguesclin, 1997.
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Nation's forests health problems: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, on S. 1314, to expedite procedures for hazardous fuels reduction activities on national forest system lands established from the public domain and other public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, to improve the health of national forest system lands established from the public domain and other public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, and for other purposes; S. 1352, to expedite procedures for hazardous fuels reduction activities and restoration in wildland fire prone national forests, and for other purposes; H.R. 1904, to improve the capacity of the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior to plan and conduct hazardous fuels reduction projects on National Forest System lands and Bureau of Land Management lands aimed at protecting communities, watersheds, and certain other at-risk lands from catastrophic wildfire, to enhance efforts to protect watersheds and address threats to forest and rangeland health, including catastrophic wildfire, across the landscape, and for other purposes, July 22, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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Andersson, Jenny. Predicting the Future of American Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814337.003.0006.
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The Commission for the Year 2000, created in 1964 in the American Academy of Arts and Science under the chairmanship of Daniel Bell was a key site for the domestication of the predictive technologies developed at RAND, in particular Delphi and the scenario method. Bell moved, in the years of the 1960s, from his notes on the end of ideology at the beginning of the decade to his conclusion that post-industrial society was a society prone to new forms of social conflict and in need of a new mechanism of coordination. Bell thought that he had found this mechanism in the area of forecasting and futures research—activities which might substitute a planning mechanism in American society and provide a new set of “decision tools” for American politics.
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Churchill, Robert Paul. Moral Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0009.
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While Chapter 8 focused on grand strategy for awareness that honor killing is incompatible with truly honorable ways of life, this chapter emphasizes specific tactics for achieving a sustainable end to honor killing. The bottom-up, grassroots, and participatory programs discussed here will collectively break cycles of deadly violence. Tostan is recommended as a model for the diffusion of innovative ideas and norms and for community buy-in and ownership. School-based programs all serve the objectives of developing gender equality and respect for diversity, managing anger and emotional volatility, and increasing problem-solving competencies. Community-service programs will enable male youth to benefit from engagement with adult male leaders who do not have violence-prone personalities. Emphasis is placed on public health initiatives and self-improvement workshops for women, as well as couples’ training on domestic violence prevention and financial services. All activities will take place at or be coordinated through a collaborative community-school facility.
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Kapczinski, Flávio, Michael Berk, and Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, eds. Neuroprogression in Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198787143.001.0001.
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Psychiatric disorders are characterized by an overlapping set of pathophysiological pathways that include monoamines but also neurotrophins, apoptotic and mitochondrial pathways, epigenetics, and dysregulation of immunity and redox balance, counterbalanced by cellular resilience and defence pathways and the effects of treatment. These conspire in a subset of individuals to cause changes in brain function and, over time, the activity of these pathways in chronic psychiatric disorders can lead to cognitive sequelae and changes in brain structure. This can lead to differences between early and late stages of illness. These biological underpinnings could explain why late-stage patients are more prone to treatment refractoriness, progressive brain changes, and consequent cognitive and functioning impairment. This process is understood under the construct of neuroprogression, which refers to the pathological rewiring of the brain underlying the clinical and cognitive changes that underpin the staged progression of the illness, caused by activities of the aforementioned biological pathways. It is important to note that the brain can adapt to the challenges of the environment and respond to medications to ameliorate this process. Understanding the process of neuroprogression provides a window into the core biology of the disorder and opens the door to therapeutic approaches addressing these pathways. This book is an account of the state of the art in the field of neuroprogression in different psychiatric disorders.
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Perrien, Mary, and Maureen L. O’Keefe. Disciplinary infractions and restricted housing. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0014.
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Misbehavior occurs within jails and prisons. It is generally handled by a formal disciplinary process. Symptoms and impairments associated with mental illness may play a role in such misbehaviour. One of the many concerns in correctional settings is the use of restricted housing units. Segregation units function as the prison within a prison. Designed for the dangerous and violent offender who cannot be managed safely within the general prison environment, segregation is characterized by single-cell confinement, with minimum time out of cell for showers and exercise (e.g., 5 hours per week). Other features include highly restricted movement, limited contact with others, and few privileges and services. Segregation has been criticized as an inhumane practice due to the degree of social isolation. Specifically, the lack of treatment, programs, and activities to engage the mind; restricted personal contact; lack of control over light and sound; lack of windows; and little or no access to the outdoors are considered to be more extreme than is required for the safe operation of prisons. The most significant issue is whether prisoners are able to psychologically adapt to the austere conditions for long periods, particularly those with mental illness. Because mentally ill inmates may be more prone to rule infractions due to manifestation of their illness, they are more likely to be segregated unless specific rules prohibit their placement. This chapter reviews segregation practices, the data on the potential impact of segregated housing on mental illness, and the role of psychiatry in the disciplinary process.
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Perrien, Mary, and Maureen L. O’Keefe. Disciplinary infractions and restricted housing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0014_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Misbehavior occurs within jails and prisons. It is generally handled by a formal disciplinary process. Symptoms and impairments associated with mental illness may play a role in such misbehaviour. One of the many concerns in correctional settings is the use of restricted housing units. Segregation units function as the prison within a prison. Designed for the dangerous and violent offender who cannot be managed safely within the general prison environment, segregation is characterized by single-cell confinement, with minimum time out of cell for showers and exercise (e.g., 5 hours per week). Other features include highly restricted movement, limited contact with others, and few privileges and services. Segregation has been criticized as an inhumane practice due to the degree of social isolation. Specifically, the lack of treatment, programs, and activities to engage the mind; restricted personal contact; lack of control over light and sound; lack of windows; and little or no access to the outdoors are considered to be more extreme than is required for the safe operation of prisons. The most significant issue is whether prisoners are able to psychologically adapt to the austere conditions for long periods, particularly those with mental illness. Because mentally ill inmates may be more prone to rule infractions due to manifestation of their illness, they are more likely to be segregated unless specific rules prohibit their placement. This chapter reviews segregation practices, the data on the potential impact of segregated housing on mental illness, and the role of psychiatry in the disciplinary process.
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Deudney, Daniel. Dark Skies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903343.001.0001.
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Dark Skies is the first work to assess the full impacts of space expansion, past, present, and future. Thinking about space, and the visions fervently promoted by the global space movement, is dominated by geographic misperceptions and utopian illusions. The parts of space where almost all activity has occurred are part of the planet Earth, its astrosphere, and, in practical terms, are smaller than the atmosphere. Contrary to frontier visions, orbital space is already congested and degraded with dangerous space debris. The largest impact of actual space activities is an increased likelihood of catastrophic nuclear war stemming from the use of orbital space and space technology to lob nuclear weapons at intercontinental distances. Building large-scale orbital infrastructures will probably require or produce world government. The ultimate goal of space advocates, the colonization of Mars and asteroids, is promoted to guarantee the survival of humanity if major catastrophes strike Earth. But the spread of humanity into a multiplanet species will likely produce an interstate anarchy highly prone to total war, with Earth having many disadvantages. Altering the orbits of asteroids, a readily achievable technology vital for space colonization, also makes possible “planetoid bombs” with destructive potentials millions of times greater than all nuclear weapons. The biological diversification of humanity into multiple species, anticipated by space advocates, will further stoke interworld wars. Astrocide—the extinction of humanity resulting from significant space expansion—must join the lengthening list of potential threats to human survival. Large-scale space expansion should be relinquished in favor of an Earth-oriented space program of arms control and planetary security.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Environmental Patriotism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0006.
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During the war, many natural resources and environmental activities were directly connected to the war effort. This chapter examines how Japanese Americans tried to show their patriotism and prove their loyalty to the United States by engaging with nature in these prescribed ways. These interactions often involved the production of food, with detainees planting victory gardens and working as sugar beet harvesters at a time when farms were experiencing severe labor shortages. In addition, Japanese Americans at Manzanar participated in a program to cultivate and process guayule, a plant that experts believed could address a nationwide rubber shortage. Participating in these activities became expressions of environmental patriotism.
Book chapters on the topic "Prone activities"
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Galliani, Marta. "Flood Damage Assessment to Economic Activities in the Italian Context." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for the Sustainable Development Goals, 29–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99593-5_3.
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AbstractIn the last century the number of floods affecting people increased across Europe, due to both more frequent intense events and the growth of population and urbanization in flood-prone areas. Equipping cities with tools for flood damage assessment is crucial to effectively manage and reduce flood risk. The sector of businesses has a key role in cities development and suffers high losses in case of inundation, but damage appraisal to economic activities is still a challenging task. This study took up the challenge of addressing this topic, with specific reference to direct damage and the Italian context. Two approaches have been implemented: the analysis of about a thousand damage data regarding economic activities in four Italian flood events and the development of damage functions for retail activities by means a synthetic approach. The results led to the identification of the most vulnerable elements of different types of economic activities and provided reference values to assess the order of magnitude of flood damage. Graphical Abstract
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Antonovsky, Avishai. "Salutogenesis and the Mental Health of First Responders." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 543–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_50.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the author addresses salutogenesis and the mental health of first responders (FRs). Research has observed FRs to be prone to psychological distress and psychopathology resulting from their repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events. Most of the literature is focused on postevent treatment. The author discusses a mental fitness model that includes salutogenically oriented psychoeducation and other activities to enhance mental fitness among FRs and build their psychological strengths as they face adversities on their job.In closing, the author recommends that besides psychopathology-oriented programs intended for providing mental first aid to FRs and for the communities who experience potentially traumatic events, intervention also should include salutogenically based mental preparation programs. These should emphasize the strengths and resources that could help FRs arrive at scenes of disaster equipped with salutogenic resources, at the strategic as well as tactical levels.
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Timonen, Vilma, Marja-Leena Juntunen, and Heidi Westerlund. "The Politics of Reflexivity in Music Teachers’ Intercultural Dialogue." In The Politics of Diversity in Music Education, 39–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65617-1_4.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the politics of music teacher reflexivity that emerged in a transnational collaboration between two institutions, the Nepal Music Center (NMC) and the Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts Helsinki when co-developing intercultural music teacher education. We examine in particular the reflexivity in this intercultural dialogue and how the collaboration became a complex field of issues of power related to social positions and epistemologies. Such reflexivity may act as an invitation to discomfort but at the same time as an invitation to deep professional learning. The empirical material was generated in the flow of activities within teachers’ pedagogical studies organized by the Sibelius Academy for the NMC teachers in Nepal. The authors’ experiences and the omnipresent colonial setting were taken as a backdrop of the overall interpretation and discussion. We argue that in an intercultural dialogue, negotiating one’s premises, stance, and the ethical relations with the Other requires reflection on one’s existential groundings. However, professional learning in intercultural dialogue is prone to persistent paradoxes that cannot be swiped away, or even solved. The politics of reflexivity thus keeps the questions open, with no final answers or ultimate solutions.
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Díez, Jorge A., Andrea Blanco, José M. Catalán, Francisco J. Badesa, José M. Sabater, and Nicolas Garcia-Aracil. "Design of a Prono-Supination Mechanism for Activities of Daily Living." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II, 531–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_88.
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Phung, Duy Khanh, and Béatrice Clouet-d’Orval. "Tips and Tricks to Probe the RNA-Degrading Activities of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal β-CASP Ribonucleases." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 453–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2214-7_26.
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Ippoliti, Carla, Susanna Tora, Carla Giansante, Romolo Salini, Federico Filipponi, Emanuela Scamosci, Massimo Petrini, Nicola Di Deo, and Annamaria Conte. "Sentinel-2 e campionamenti in situ per il monitoraggio delle acque marine dell’Abruzzo: primi risultati." In Proceedings e report, 557–68. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.56.
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In this study, the estimate of chlorophyll "a" and the dispersion of sediment in the sea, calculated from Sentinel-2, was compared with real data acquired in situ by a multiparametric probe, along the Abruzzo coast. The ultimate goal is to optimize parameters and algorithms to be able to derive concentration maps of chlorophyll and suspended solids from satellite, taking advantage of the high time frequency and high spatial resolution of the detections. This information is of particular relevance for aquaculture activities, for monitoring water quality and for analyzing sedimentary processes.
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Quéguiner, Bernard, Karine Leblanc, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Leanne Armand, F. Fripiat, and D. Cardinal. "Using a New Fluorescent Probe of Silicification to Measure Species-Specific Activities of Diatoms Under Varying Environmental Conditions." In Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions, 283–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8630-3_51.
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Zhang, Chao, and Jiawei Han. "Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery." In Urban Informatics, 797–814. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_42.
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AbstractOur physical world is being projected into online cyberspace at an unprecedented rate. People nowadays visit different places and leave behind them million-scale digital traces such as tweets, check-ins, Yelp reviews, and Uber trajectories. Such digital data are a result of social sensing: namely people act as human sensors that probe different places in the physical world and share their activities online. The availability of massive social-sensing data provides a unique opportunity for understanding urban space in a data-driven manner and improving many urban computing applications, ranging from urban planning and traffic scheduling to disaster control and trip planning. In this chapter, we present recent developments in data-mining techniques for urban activity modeling, a fundamental task for extracting useful urban knowledge from social-sensing data. We first describe traditional approaches to urban activity modeling, including pattern discovery methods and statistical models. Then, we present the latest developments in multimodal embedding techniques for this task, which learns vector representations for different modalities to model people's spatiotemporal activities. We study the empirical performance of these methods and demonstrate how data-mining techniques can be successfully applied to social-sensing data to extract actionable knowledge and facilitate downstream applications.
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Darras, Véronique, Vincent Bichet, Christophe Petit, and Laure Deodat. "THE CHALLENGES OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS:." In Cultural Dynamics and Production Activities in Ancient Western Mexico, 15–28. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxw3nnb.4.
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Pimont, François, Julien Ruffault, Thomas Opitz, Hélène Fargeon, Jorge Castel-Clavera, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Eric Rigolot, Renaud Barbero, and Jean-Luc Dupuy. "Lengthening, expansion and intensification of future fire activities in South-Eastern France." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1198–203. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_181.
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Anticipating future fire activity at global and regional scales is critical in a changing climate. Indeed, fire seasons are expected to lengthen and fire prone areas are expected to extend, but the magnitude, location and timing of such increases remain uncertain. Moreover, an intensification is expected during the core of the fire season of already fire-prone regions. However, quantifying seasonal and spatial impacts of climate change on fire activity is challenging. Here, we projected future fire activities in Southern France using the Firelihood model. This Bayesian probabilistic model operates on a daily basis in 8-km pixels, allowing to analyze both seasonal and spatial distributions of fire activities in a framework integrating stochasticity. Projections were computed for 13 GCM-RCM couples under two RCP scenarios (4.5 and 8.5), assuming that the only factor of change in future fire activity was the daily fire weather. The fire season was defined as the period with fire-activity level higher than the level of the 15th of July of the present period. The fire prone region corresponded to locations with fire-activity levels higher than the 2nd level of a 5-level fire-activity scale derived from numbers of fires larger than 1ha, 100ha (N1ha and N100ha) and burnt areas (BA). Simulations under RCP8.5 show that large increases in fire activity should be expected from the mid-century and that the rate of increase should then accelerate, leading to up to three-fold increases for number of fires larger than 100ha by the end of the century. In particular, all metrics except N1ha increased faster than the mean FWI and even the mean DSR. Such increases were partly caused by a massive seasonal lengthening from 45-50 days to up to 125 days, equally distributed between spring and autumn. However, the intensification during the present fire season was found to contribute slightly more to the overall increase than the lengthening itself. For example, for N100ha, the intensification would represent a 280 % increase in fire activity with respect to the present seasonal reference, whereas the lengthening outside of the present season would represent +230%. The fire prone area would increase by 168%, shifting from 22 to 56% of region total area. However, the intensification inside the already fire-prone region was found to contribute more to the increase than the spatial extension. For example, for N100ha, the intensification would represent a 190% increase with respect to the present fire-prone regional reference, whereas the extension outside of this area would represent +110%. These drastic increases provide a good indication of the potential lengthening of the fire season, spatial extension and intensification of future fire activities under RCP 8.5, all three being importantly concerned, but dominated by intensification. Extending and lengthening suppression policies may allow to mitigate projected increases, but the intensification of fire activity during the core of the fire season overwhelm current fire suppression capacities.
Conference papers on the topic "Prone activities"
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Elberzhager, Frank, Stephan Kremer, Jurgen Munch, and Danilo Assmann. "Guiding Testing Activities by Predicting Defect-Prone Parts Using Product and Inspection Metrics." In 2012 38th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seaa.2012.30.
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Ohsugi, Takafumi, and Mitsunori Matsushita. "Presentation of failure-prone processes in a cooking recipe." In CEA/MADiMa2018: Joint Workshop on Multimedia for Cooking and Eating Activities and Multimedia Assisted Dietary Management in conjunction with the 27th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230519.3230588.
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Nguyen, Thanh An, and Yong Zeng. "Analysis of Design Activities Using EEG Signals." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28477.
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It plays a significant role in developing of design theory and methodology to understand designer’s thinking and cognitive process during design activities. The most dominant method to conduct this kind of study is protocol analysis. However, this method is prone to subjective factors. Therefore, other approaches are emerging, which can measure the brain activities directly. With the advances in technologies, brain scanner and brain recorder systems such as EEG, fMRI, PET have become more affordable. In the present research, we used EEG to record designer’s brain electrical signals when s/he was working on a design task. Six channels of the EEG signals were recorded, including Fp1, Fp2, Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, based on which the power spectral density for each EEG band (delta, theta, alpha and beta) was calculated. The results showed that, for the given design problem, the subject spent more effort in visual thinking during the solution generation than that in solution evaluation. The preliminary success in identifying regularity underlying a single designer’s design process through EEG signals lays a foundation for further investigation of designers’ general mental efforts during the conceptual design process.
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Pepin, S., B. Dehandschutter, A. Poffijn, and M. Sonck. "Regulatory Framework for NORM Residues in Belgium." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96249.
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The Belgian radiation protection authority (Federal Agency for Nuclear Control – FANC) has published in March 2013 a decree regulating the acceptance of NORM residues by non-radioactive waste treatment facilities. This regulation is based on the concept of “work activities involving natural radiation sources” in the sense of article 40 of the 96/29/EURATOM directive. The disposal or processing facilities which accept NORM residues with an activity concentration above a generic exemption level will be considered as “work activities” and submitted to declaration according to the Belgian radiation protection regulations. On basis of this declaration, specific acceptance criteria for the different types of processing/disposal of the residues (disposal on landfill, recycling into building materials, etc.) are imposed. FANC has drafted guidelines for these acceptance criteria. A methodological guide for the operators of the concerned facilities was also published. Moreover, sites where significant quantities of NORM residues are or have been disposed, are subjected to an environmental monitoring in the framework of the national program of radiological surveillance of FANC. FANC also introduced in its regulations the concept of anthropogenic radon-prone areas: e.g. former phosphogypsum stacks have been defined as anthropogenic radon-prone areas, which allows some form of regulatory control of these sites.
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Fujimoto, T., B. Djuricic, K. Tanoue, Y. Fukushima, and H. Yamazaki. "CHANGES IN ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES IN BRAIN CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS INJURED BY PLATELET AGGREGATION IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643368.
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We have reported cerebrovascular injuries induced by platelet aggregation in vivo. Appearance of vacuoles in endothelial cells and eventual deendothelialization are characteristic in large cerebral arteries (Stroke, 16:245, 1985). Minor changes are observed in brain capillaries, but disturbances of blood-brain barrier (BBB) are seen. To analyse changes in BBB, enzymatic activities in capillary endothelial cells before and after ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vivo were investigated.80 mg/kg of ADP was injected through a catheter into the right internal carotid artery of 32 rabbits. One hr later, right and left cortexes freed from pial membranes were homogenized and microvessels were isolated using discontinuous sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Purity of microvessel fraction was ascertained microscopically. The follwing enzymatic activities in these samples were measured.; cytochrome C oxydase (CCO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase transferase (pNPPase, K-dependent component of Na, K-ATPase), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GT) and adenylate cyclase (AC). The enzymatic activities did not change after a vehicle-injection and did not show any differences between capillaries of both the cortexes before the ADP-injection. One hr after the ADP, GT and CCO activities decreased significantly in the capillaries of injection side. MAO activity also reduced without significance. The other enzymes did not show significant changes in their activities. Although pNPPase and AC which are associated with inner surface of plasma membrane were preserved well, activity of GT which is associated with outer portion of the membrane decreased significantly. It suggests superficial luminal injury and that plasma membrane might be affected from the side of vascular lumen. Reduced CCO activity suggests that disturbance in BBB is probably related to the increase in vesicular transportation and/or energy failure. Reduction of MAO activity indicates that damages to mitochondria exist in the capillaries. Cerebral blood vessels are prone to damage by released substances from activated platelet in vivo.
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S, Silpa, and Chinsu Mereena Joy. "Seismic Retrofitting of Structures Using Steel Bracing: An Overview." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.32.
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One of the major causes of the collapse of buildings are earthquakes. Reinforced concrete structures are vulnerable to seismic activities and can destruct the structures. The RC structures which are prone to seismic activities should be protected and need to be retrofitted to resist the seismic loads. Retrofitting is one of the best methods which can be used to strengthen the structures safe against seismic loads. Retrofitting techniques will increase the strength, stiffness, ductility and stability of structures as well as reduce the operation costs and environmental impacts. Various techniques of retrofitting can be adapted to improve the stability of the structure. One of the most effective method for retrofitting of structures is the use of steel bracings. Steel bracing can be effectively used for enhancing the earthquake resistance of seismically inadequate reinforced concrete frames. This paper reviews the effect of different steel bracing patterns used as retrofitting technique in the seismic performance of the structures.
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Muller, Chris, Chuck Arent, and Henry Yu. "Data Center Equipment Reliability Concerns—Contamination Issues, Standards Actions, and Case Studies." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0438.
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Abstract Lead-free manufacturing regulations, reduction in circuit board feature sizes and the miniaturization of components to improve hardware performance have combined to make data center IT equipment more prone to attack by corrosive contaminants. Manufacturers are under pressure to control contamination in the data center environment and maintaining acceptable limits is now critical to the continued reliable operation of datacom and IT equipment. This paper will discuss ongoing reliability issues with electronic equipment in data centers and will present updates on ongoing contamination concerns, standards activities, and case studies from several different locations illustrating the successful application of contamination assessment, control, and monitoring programs to eliminate electronic equipment failures.
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Rangel-Rami´rez, Jose´ G., and John D. So̸rensen. "Maintenance Planning of Offshore Wind Turbine Using Condition Monitoring Information." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79159.
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Deterioration processes such as fatigue and corrosion are typically affecting offshore structures. To “control” this deterioration, inspection and maintenance activities are developed. Probabilistic methodologies represent an important tool to identify the suitable strategy to inspect and control the deterioration in structures such as offshore wind turbines (OWT). Besides these methods, the integration of condition monitoring information (CMI) can optimize the mitigation activities as an updating tool. In this paper, a framework for risk-based inspection and maintenance planning (RBI) is applied for OWT incorporating CMI, addressing this analysis to fatigue prone details in welded steel joints at jacket or tripod steel support structures for offshore wind turbines. The increase of turbulence in wind farms is taken into account by using a code-based turbulence model. Further, additional modes t integrate CMI in the RBI approach for optimal planning of inspection and maintenance. As part of the results, the life cycle reliabilities and inspection times are calculated, showing that earlier inspections are needed at in-wind farm sites. This is expected due to the wake turbulence increasing the wind load. With the integration of CMI by means Bayesian inference, a slightly change of first inspection times are coming up, influenced by the reduction of the uncertainty and harsher or milder external agents.
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Rossi, Edoardo, Michele D’Amato, Rosario Gigliotti, and Marco Sebastiani. "Condition assessment of in situ elastomeric bearings." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0305.
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<p>Elastomeric bearings used as seismic isolation devices are key elements in the protection of constructions against earthquakes. They enable structures to exhibit very high performances when subject to extreme events, preventing damage both to structural and non-structural components. Their characteristics, however, are prone to change with time due to long term effects such as aging. Regular inspection and monitoring of their state are thus fundamental activities needed to ensure the required performances. The present work reviews the most common strategies adopted for such purpose, including visual inspections, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), and quick release tests. An innovative characterisation method is also presented. Such method, with the use of a nanoindenter, enables testing of a small rubber sample (3 mm in diameter) cored from a device. Its suitability is confirmed through a comparison of the same device tested in a traditional setup.</p>
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Rossi, Edoardo, Michele D’Amato, Rosario Gigliotti, and Marco Sebastiani. "Condition assessment of in situ elastomeric bearings." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0305.
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<p>Elastomeric bearings used as seismic isolation devices are key elements in the protection of constructions against earthquakes. They enable structures to exhibit very high performances when subject to extreme events, preventing damage both to structural and non-structural components. Their characteristics, however, are prone to change with time due to long term effects such as aging. Regular inspection and monitoring of their state are thus fundamental activities needed to ensure the required performances. The present work reviews the most common strategies adopted for such purpose, including visual inspections, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), and quick release tests. An innovative characterisation method is also presented. Such method, with the use of a nanoindenter, enables testing of a small rubber sample (3 mm in diameter) cored from a device. Its suitability is confirmed through a comparison of the same device tested in a traditional setup.</p>
Reports on the topic "Prone activities"
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Desai, Jairaj, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Mingmin Liu, Howell Li, Jeffrey D. Brooks, and Darcy M. Bullock. Dashboards for Real-time Monitoring of Winter Operations Activities and After-action Assessment. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317252.
Full textAbstract:
The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) operates a fleet of nearly 1100 snowplows and spends up to $60M annually on snow removal and de-icing as part of their winter operation maintenance activities. Systematically allocating resources and optimizing material application rates can potentially save revenue that can be reallocated for other roadway maintenance operations. Modern snowplows are beginning to be equipped with a variety of Mobile Road Weather Information Sensors (MARWIS) which can provide a host of analytical data characterizing on-the-ground conditions during periods of wintry precipitation. Traffic speeds fused with road conditions and precipitation data from weather stations provide a uniquely detailed look at the progression of a winter event and the performance of the fleet. This research uses a combination of traffic speeds, MARWIS and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data to develop real-time dashboards characterizing the impact of precipitation and pavement surface temperature on mobility. Twenty heavy snow events were identified for the state of Indiana from November 2018 through April 2019. Two particular instances, that impacted 182 miles and 231 miles of interstate at their peaks occurred in January and March, respectively, and were used as a case study for this paper. The dashboards proposed in this paper may prove to be particularly useful for agencies in tracking fleet activity through a winter storm, helping in resource allocation and scheduling and forecasting resource needs.
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Mantrom, D. D., and M. G. Miller. COPE Coastal ocean probe experiment Northern Oregon Coast 14-16 September 1995: Test Operations Report summary of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/176790.
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Pretari, Alexia. Resilience in North East Ghana: Impact Evaluation of the Climate Resilient Agricultural and Food Systems (CRAFS) project. Oxfam GB, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5235.
Full textAbstract:
This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2017/18 on resilience programming. The Climate-Resilient Agricultural and Food Systems (CRAFS) project took place in four districts of the Upper East, Northern and Upper West regions, between April 2015 and March 2018, by Oxfam, PAS-Garu, PARED, ProNet North and NANDRIDEP. Project activities took place at district, community, household and individual level and included raising awareness on climate change impact, the need to adapt to it, and the restoration of the natural resource base. This evaluation used a quasi-experimental approach to assess the impact of the project activities in building resilience capacities. Multi-dimensional indices of resilience, and of resilience capacities were developed at the household level, taking into account household level characteristics, individual level characteristics for women and men within the household, and intra-household dynamics. Overall, CRAFS had a positive and significant impact on the overall resilience index, driven by a positive impact on adaptive and transformative capacities. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
Full textAbstract:
Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Seroussi, Eyal, and George Liu. Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variation and QTL for Economic Traits in Holstein Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7593397.bard.
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Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes and increasing awareness that CNV might be a major source for heritable variation in complex traits has emerged. Despite this, little has been published on CNVs in Holsteins. In order to fill this knowledge-gap, we proposed a genome-wide association study between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for economic traits and CNV in the Holstein cattle. The approved feasibility study was aimed at the genome-wide characterization of CNVs in Holstein cattle and at the demonstrating of their possible association with economic traits by performing the activities of preparation of DNA samples, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), initial association study between CNVs and production traits and characterization of CNVSNP associations. For both countries, 40 genomic DNA samples of bulls representing the extreme sub-populations for economically important traits were CGH analyzed using the same reference genome on a NimbleGen tiling array. We designed this array based on the latest build of the bovine genome (UMD3) with average probe spacing of 1150 bases (total number of probes was 2,166,672). Two CNV gene clusters, PLA2G2D on BTA2 and KIAA1683 on BTA7 revealed significant association with milk percentage and cow fertility, respectively, and were chosen for further characterization and verification in a larger sample using other methodologies including sequencing, tag SNPs and real time PCR (qPCR). Comparison between these four methods indicated that there is under estimation of the number of CNV loci in Holstein cattle and their complexity. The variation in sequence between different copies seemed to affect their functionality and thus the hybridization based methods were less informative than the methods that are based on sequencing. We thus conclude that large scale sequencing effort complemented by array CGH should be considered to better detect and characterize CNVs in order to effectively employ them in marker-assisted selection.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.