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1
Foyn, Camilla Hellum, Mila Vulchanova, and Randi Alice Nilsen. "The interpretation of focused pronouns in Norwegian children and adults." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586518000021.
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Earlier research states that if an unaccented pronoun refers to the subject of the preceding sentence, a focally accented pronoun will refer to the object. In the current study, we tested whether Norwegian adults select the intended pronoun referent in this context. Our study is also the first one to use eye-tracking to investigate children's developing sensitivity to intonational cues in pronoun resolution, and consequently the first one where Norwegian is the object language. The participants were monolingual 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children, and a group of adults. They listened to the Norwegian version of utterances like ‘Sarai hugged Mariaj. Then shei/SHEj hugged her own teddy bear’, while watching two corresponding figures on a screen. This was followed by the question, in Norwegian, ‘Who hugged her own teddybear?’ When answering the question, the adults selected the subject referent (Sara) after unaccented pronouns, and the object referent (Maria) after focally accented pronouns. Eye-tracking data revealed that the 7-year-olds initially looked towards the object referent after hearing the pronoun, and then switched to look at the subject referent, regardless of the pronoun's intonation. The 5-year-olds answered the question by selecting the intended referent more often after a focally accented pronoun than after an unaccented one. Finally, the 3-year-olds showed no clear preferences. These results suggest that Norwegian children under the age of seven are still not adult-like when resolving accented and unaccented pronouns.
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Rachman Hadi, Arief, and Sri Rahayu. "Analisis Penggunaan Pronomina dalam Tajuk Rencana Koran Harian Riau Pos." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 1, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2021.6139.
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A pronoun is a pronoun that serves to replace a person, thing or something that is differentiated, pronouns are distinguished by personal pronouns. The problems in this research are (1) How to use personal pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (2) How to use directive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (3) How to use their own pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (4) How do you use the pronoun pronoun in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (5) How is the use of conjunctive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper and (6) How do you use indefinite pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspape. The purpose of this study was to collect data and information about the analysis of pronouns in the Riau Pos Daily newspaper editorial. The theory used in analyzing the problem of this research is pronouns according to H. Guntur T (2009). The method used in this research is descriptive method, this research approach uses a qualitative approach. This type of research includes literature study, as well as data collection techniques using documentation and hermeneutic techniques. The data in this study are in the form of the Riau Pos 2020 daily newspaper editorial, which consists of 26 editions. From the data analysis in this study, the authors conclude that the editorial plan of the Riau Pos daily newspaper uses the pronoun form of the self-pronoun, the directive pronoun, the owner's pronoun, the pen pronoun, the liaison and indefinite pronouns in presenting news and information to society.
Keywords: pronouns and editorials
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Zhai, Qingxu, and Lin Fan. "Pronoun Processing." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.334702.
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Using bibliometric analysis, this paper provides an overview of pronoun research from 2012 to 2022. It collected and analyzed 2,774 articles on pronouns from Web of Science (WoS) categories related to linguistics or language using CiteSpace, a citation analysis tool. This paper examined the intellectual framework and patterns of pronoun research through co-citation analysis and identified the most productive journals, influential articles, intellectual base, and trending topics in pronoun studies. The main intellectual base includes anaphora resolution, referring expression, grammatical category, eye movement, subject expression, and thematic analysis. Trending topics comprise studies on English pronouns, acquisition of pronouns, and information cues such as syntax and discourse that affect the comprehension of pronouns. The results reveal the complexity and diversity of pronoun processing. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion and debate on pronoun studies, helps researchers understand the state of pronoun research, and offers suggestions for relevant future research.
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Saragih, Dhea, and Maria Magdalena Situmorang. "Analysis of Pronoun in “Cinderella” Story by Disney." International Journal Corner of Educational Research 1, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/ijcer.v1i3.164.
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This research aims to analyze pronouns used in a story with title “Cinderella” by Disney. Researchers chose descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data in order to show pronouns that appeared in the story of Cinderella. There were several steps that researchers conducted to collect data, including read the story, then identified the pronouns, and finally analyzed each pronoun from the story descriptively. This research found that there were 15 pronouns used in the story of Cinderella with six types of pronoun. These pronouns include 5 personal pronouns as subject (They, She, It, He, and I), 2 personal pronouns as object (her and them), 3 possessive adjectives (her, his, and their), 2 relative pronouns (whose and who), 2 demonstrative pronouns (this and that), and 1 indefinite pronoun (everyone). In addition, the pronoun that appeared the most was “her” as much as 22.92%, and conversely, pronoun that appeared the least were “their, this, whose, I, everyone, and who”, which each of them only appeared 1 time in the story (2.08% for each pronoun).
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Rai, Krishna Bahadur. "Chamling and English Possessive Pronouns: A Contrastive Analysis." DMC Journal 8, no. 7 (December 31, 2023): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dmcj.v8i7.62438.
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This study aims to explore and compare the Chamling possessive pronouns with English possessive pronouns. Data on possessive pronouns in the Chamling language were collected from seven native speakers and compared to English possessive pronouns gathered from secondary sources. The contrastive analysis of Chamling and English possessive pronouns reveals differences in number, position, and gender. Chamling possessive pronoun consists of inclusive, and exclusive systems, according to the involvement of the addressees, whereas the English possessive pronoun does not have such a system. In addition, the Chamling possessive pronoun comprises singular, dual, and plural forms, however, the English possessive pronoun consists of only singular and plural systems. The number of Chamling possessive pronouns is more than that of English, with ten and six respectively. English pronouns are used in the initial position as the subject and the final position as the object of the sentences, whereas Chamling possessive pronouns never occur in these positions. In English, the third-person singular possessive pronoun has gender distinctions with "his" for masculine and "hers" for feminine. However, Chamling's possessive pronoun does not have such distinctions.
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Siska, Widia. "An Analysis of Personal Pronouns Used by The Students in Writing Narrative Text at Senior High School." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v10i1.1679.
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The research objective was to find out how personal pronouns used by the students in writing narrative text at SMAN 2 Koto Baru, Dharmasraya. The research method was descriptive qualitative method. The data source was documents. There were 38 sheets of student writing about narrative text. The research finding was the students still made mistakes in using personal pronouns such as subject pronoun (correct 61.1%), object pronoun (correct 32.2%), possessive adjective pronoun (correct 49.7%), possessive pronoun (correct 0%) and reflexive pronoun (correct 0%). It can be concluded the ability of the students in using personal pronouns still less.
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Malasari Ely, Dewi Qhuril, and Nana Ronawan Rambe. "THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND AMBONESE PERSONAL PRONOUN." Lingue : Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/lingue.v5i2.5742.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the difference and similarity of the English and the Ambonese personal pronouns based on those standard grammatical literary sources. Type of research descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected using observation, interview and recording of native speaker speech. The finding showed that the form of personal pronouns in English and Ambonese languages have variation based on gender. In English, variations in the use of personal pronouns based on gender are found in the use of third singular person he and she. Whereas in Ambonese language, variations in the use of personal pronoun by gender are found in the use of second singular person, abang, caca, bu and usi. The differences between English and Ambonese in their function as subjective and objective pronoun are English personal pronoun is more varied than Ambonese personal pronoun because almost all of English personal pronoun is different according to the function except you and it. Unlike the English personal pronoun, all Ambonese personal pronouns are the same between subjective and objective pronoun. Ambonese personal pronoun is also based on considerations of gender, age and politeness distinction. The similarities between English and Ambonese personal pronoun is based on considerations of gender.
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van Kampen, Jacqueline. "Eerstezinsdeeldeletie in het Nederlands : Wat topicdrop wél en wat het níet is." Nederlandse Taalkunde 25, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2020.2-3.008.vank.
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Abstract First-constituent-deletion in Dutch. What topic drop is and what it is notThis paper discusses the phenomenon of pronoun deletion in Dutch. In the position before the finite verb a 3rd person pronoun may be deleted. The deletion of the pronoun is constrained by the recoverability condition, which requires that its referential features can be reconstructed from the context. It will be argued that only the deletion of a d(emonstrative)-pronoun is ‘topic drop’, which is typical for spoken Dutch. Deleted topic d-pronouns are subject to the same syntactic conditions as overt topic d-pronouns (Van Kampen 2010). Like the overt topic d-pronoun, the deleted d-pronoun refers to the focus constituent of the preceding sentence. A deleted p(ersonal)-pronoun, by contrast, does not have a uniquely determined antecedent and therefore it cannot be analyzed as discourse topic drop. In written texts, it solely maintains the preceding subject referent. I will further discuss the deletion of 1st person pronouns and the deletion of d-pronouns in imperatives.
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Trufanova, Irina V. "Negative Russian Pronoun Что." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 625–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-4-625-658.
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For the first time in linguistics, the article distinguishes negative pronouns of a pronoun-noun and pronoun-adjective. Their lexical meanings, grammatical features and syntactic functions are determined. A negative pronoun is a noun that means nothing (in Russian both - ничто and ничего ), a negative Russian pronoun что meaning whatever, none. Both pronouns function as the principle sentence component, mainly in negative genitive sentences or as a predicate in a two-memberSubject-Predicate sentence. Subject of a pronoun-noun, which is expressed by the noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective, which is an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. Subject combined with a pronoun-noun could be expressed by a noun of any lexico-grammatical category or infinitive, with a negative pronoun-adjective что , which could also be formed by an infinitive. Both negative pronouns function in rhetorical questions expressing negation in the affirmative form. The meanings of both negative pronouns are syntactically limited (by the function of the predicate or the principle component of the negative genitive sentence) and structurally determined (be found in the construction with the dative of the authorizer). The meaning of a negative pronoun-adjective is also phraseologically confined, a negative pronoun is an adjective that is always used with the Russian words like проку, толку, выгоды, пользы, прибыли, добра . Three meanings stand out for a negative pronoun ничто : 1) ontological vacuum, nonexistence, absence of an object; 2) something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention; 3) denial of the significance of a person, insignificance. A negative pronoun что is a noun that means something insignificant, insignificant, not worthy of attention (or (as it were) the absence of something/someone (for the authorizer)), or absence (of benefit). A negative pronoun что is an adjective that has one of the meanings of a negative pronoun-adjective никакой meaning none of the available or possible. Despite the indeclinability, a negative pronoun что expresses the noun-meanings of the nominative and genitive cases, while being a negative pronoun-adjective to denote the genitive case, either masculine or feminine. The data collected is retrieved from the National Corps of the Russian Language (NCRL). As the main methodological technique, the substitution method was applied. The theoretical basis of the article was the work on homocomplexes, functional homonyms, poly-functional words, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results allow us expand the linguistic understanding of the semantic and grammatical nature of the pronoun as well as the issue of pronoun syncretism in general, the differentiation of homonymy and polysemy of the classes of pronouns, as well as the varieties of genitive sentences. The data collected can be useful for lexicographic practice: compiling dictionaries of homonyms, grammatical homonyms, explanatory dictionaries, as well as to clarify the typology of one-member sentences. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to establish the full list of pronouns in the Russian language, as well as the importance of studying the phenomena of functional homonymy, transition and syncretism and the importance of solving the problem of distinguishing homonymy and polysemy.
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Nokas, Darni Nopi. "An Analysis on the Students’ Ability in Using Personal Pronouns in English." JETLe (Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jetle.v3i1.13129.
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English personal pronouns was still problem for students; especially students of Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surya Kasih. Therefore; it was important to conduct a research on students’ ability in using personal pronouns. The purpose of this study was to describe the students’ ability in using subject, object, possessive and reflexive. The participants of the research were 10 students the second semester students who programmed English subject. There were 30 item tests of personal pronouns. The results of the research showed that the students’ average score was 68 and the students’ level of ability on personal pronouns was enough. Based on the kinds of personal pronouns showed the highest score was 72,10 which is on subject pronoun then followed by object pronoun with the score 70,20 then followed by possessive pronoun with the score 67,80 and the lowest score was 64,70 which is on reflexive pronoun. This research claimed that the students found difficulties in using personal pronoun in English due to interference of Indonesian language as their first language.
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Abd Samad, Arshad, and Nurul Iman Arshad. "The Sequence of Acquisition of Personal Pronoun Case and Person Reference among 6 Year Old Children in Two Selected Malaysian Kindergartens." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.273.
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Pronoun case and person reference refer to the position of the pronoun in the sentence and the person the pronoun refers to respectively. Examining the acquisition of pronoun case and person reference among young children can be insightful as, besides their obvious relevance to language development, both these constructs can have implications on other aspects of child development. Attention given by children to these various constructs may indicate the importance children place on the concept of ego and self as well as on social relations. The sequence of acquisition of personal pronouns among these children is therefore an important phenomenon to be examined as it can reflect linguistic and socio-cognitive development. This largely descriptive study examines the sequence of acquisition of the English pronouns among forty 6 year old Malaysian children learning ESL in two kindergartens. The children in the study were presented with 33 drawings to assess their familiarity with case and person reference expressed through English personal pronouns. They were required to select the correct pronoun from three pronouns that were used to describe each drawing. This paper reports on the accuracy rates for each pronoun and assumes that high accuracy rates indicate a more complete acquisition of the pronoun. Error forms by the children were also be identified and examined. Data obtained were compared to acquisition sequences in the literature and general implications related to the acquisition of personal pronouns among children in an ESL setting in Malaysia will be discussed.
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Ying, Yi. "Analysis Comparative of Chinese and Indonesia Pronouns." Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i1.3096.
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Personal pronouns in communication plays a significant role. Proper use of personal pronouns, communication can proceed smoothly. Misuse of personal pronouns, or failure of communication will be blocked, or even make the communication between two sides break up. Therefore, understanding the language of the two personal pronouns is very important. This study analyzes the Chinese and India and usage of the classification of personal pronouns. Conclusion of the study hope to promote cross-cultural language communication, in particular, help to learn Chinese or learn Bahasa Indonesia in different occasions to use the correct pronouns. The results: (1) Chinese and Bahasa first person pronoun "I" have in common is in the sentence can be a subject and attribute; (2) Bahasa first person pronoun "aku" can not be used in some situations such as: official occasions, and older than themselves, respect for people or strangers or people who speak; (3) Chinese third-person plural pronouns, written language, "they" said that men and women is not the same guy, same use of Bahasa Indonesia kami; (4) Bahasa Indonesia are changes in the form of personal pronouns, while the Chinese personal pronouns do not; (5) the third person pronoun to differentiate between Chinese men and women, and things, but Bahasa Indonesia is no difference between the third person pronoun gender and things; (6) Bahasa Indonesia the personal pronoun is not gender distinction.
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Deswita, Isra, Agustina Agustina, and Novia Juita. "PRONOMINA PERSONA DALAM ANTOLOGI CERPEN GONJONG 2: POTRET KELUARGA." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 5, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/896000.
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The purpose of this study is (1) describes the types of pronouns, (2) describes the categorization of pronouns with nouns, and (3) describes the nature of the reconciliation of pronouns in the short story anthology Gonjong 2: Family Portrait. The data of this research are sentences in which there is pronoun. The type and method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive method. The source of this research data is the written source of the short story anthology Gonjong 2: Family Portrait. The data in this study were collected through the following steps: (1) reading all the short stories that are the source of the data, (2) mark the sentences in which there is pronouns, and (3) records to the data inventory format. Based on data analysis found three research results. First, found three types of pronouns, that is (1) the first single pronoun me, me, my-, me, me and your second pronouns we, us, (2) second single pronouns you, you, lu, you, you and the pronouns of both plural, you and (3) single third pronouns he, he, his, her and pronomina third plural they. Second, found two types of pronoun categorization relationships with nouns, that is (1) pronoun takrif me, me, me, you, you, you, you, you, he, he, his, his, they and (2) pronoun taktakrif who, respectively, and own. Third, two pronominal reference properties are found, that is (1) intrathexual pronouns and (2) extratectual pronouns.Keywords: pronouns, defined, not defined, intratextual, extratextual
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Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam. "Personal Pronouns in Biden’s Inaugural Speech: A Critical Discourse Perspective." Journal of Language and Literature 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v24i1.6330.
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This research primarily examines the first-person personal pronouns in political discourse, political speech in particular. This research aims to reveal how the pronoun I and we are exploited by the politician for the specific intention in political discourse. This research contextually investigates those personal pronouns and their inflectional forms based on the critical discourse analysis perspective, revealing the function and the purpose of producing a particular and an intentional personal pronoun to refer to specific addressee(s). That linguistic strategy in political context indicate the social and political relation between the speaker and the referents. The data in this research were taken from the script of Biden’s inaugural speech given in 2021. From 224 first-person personal pronouns, Biden produced the pronoun I and its inflectional forms 63 times or 28,1% and the pronoun we and its inflectional forms 161 times or 71,9 in percentage. Even though the plural form was identified as the most first-person personal pronoun produced by Biden, the occurrence of the pronoun we and its inflectional forms excluded Kamala Harris as his vice president. Biden exploited the first-person singular personal pronoun to express his gratitude, quality, positive image and persuasively to ingratiate the citizens. On the other hand, Biden expressed the pronoun we and its inflectional forms to establish a sense of national unity, togetherness to confront the challenges, and sharing responsibility. Personal pronouns no longer deal with language structure analysis only, but they are also employed to persuasively affect socio-political position, especially in a political context.
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BEN ARBIA, Achraf. "PRONOMS PERSONNELS COMPLÉMENTS DISJOINTS ET PRONOMS ADVERBIAUX EN ET Y : FONCTIONNEMENT SÉMANTIQUE ET MODE DE DONATION DU RÉFÉRENT." FRANCISOLA 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v1i2.5548.
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RÉSUMÉ. Notre objectif consistera à étudier, d’un point de vue contrastif, le fonctionnement référentiel des pronoms adverbiaux en et y et des pronoms personnels compléments disjoints en français classique et en français moderne. Cette étude opposera le mode de donation référentielle des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels disjoints. Autrement dit, nous mettrons l’accent sur les propriétés inhérentes à l’emploi de ces pronoms dans leur acception anaphorique. Ces propriétés sont en rapport direct avec leur fonctionnement sémantique au sein des textes de la période classique par rapport à leur fonctionnement en français moderne. Nous passerons en revue la nature sémantique de l’antécédent de ces pronoms anaphoriques tout en faisant ressortir les confusions en termes de traits sémantiques [Humain] vs [Non-humain] ou [animé] vs [inanimé]. Nous essaierons également de démontrer que ces confusions dans l’emploi des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels constituent une source d’ambiguïté référentielle au sein des textes classiques et entravent la résolution de certains rapports anaphoriques en termes de rattachement du pronom à l’antécédent approprié.Mots-clés : ambiguïté référentielle, cohérence textuelle, confusion sémantique, pronoms, adverbiaux, pronoms personnels disjoints, trait sémantique. ABSTRACT. This paper aims to study, from a contrastive point of view, the repository operation pronouns and adverbial in there and disjointed personal pronouns in classic French and modern French. This study will oppose the mode of donation referential pronouns and adverbial personal pronouns disjoint. In other words, we will focus on the properties inherent in the use of these pronouns in their anaphoric sense. These properties are directly related to their semantic operation in the texts of the classical period in relation to their functioning in modern French. We will review the semantic nature of the antecedent of the pronoun anaphoric while highlighting the confusion in terms of semantic features [Human] vs [Not Human] or [animate] vs [inanimate]. We will also try to show that these confusions in the use of adverbial pronouns and personal pronouns are a source of referential ambiguity in classical texts and impede the resolution of certain anaphoric relations in terms of attachment of the appropriate pronoun antecedent.Keywords: adverbial pronouns, disjunctive personal pronouns, semantic feature, semantic confusion, referential ambiguity, textual coherence.
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Pozdniakova, Viktoria А., and Yekaterina S. Aplonova. "Pronouns in Ginyanga." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 2 (2022): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.206.
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The paper presents a tentative overview of pronouns in Ginyanga, an understudied Kwa language spoken in Togo and Ghana; in particular, personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstratives, and quantifiers. There are no subject pronouns in Ginyanga. We define two personal pronoun series with a designated pronoun for each noun class: basic (emphatic and possessive) and object. The basic set of pronouns is used in independent and possessive contexts, as well as in reflexive constructions. The overview of Guang pronoun systems shows that Ginyanga falls into the typical Guang pattern. Possessive pronouns of the 1st (human) class exhibit some irregularities when used with kinship terms. In some cases, the morphological agreement pattern between a noun and its coreferential object pronoun can be violated on a semantic basis, e. g. human referents of non-human noun classes. Additionally, there is some variation in usage of object pronoun series by different consultants of different age groups, which may be an indication of language change. There are two demonstratives, -balɪ “this” and -bʊnʊ “that”, also subject to class agreement. In contrast to -balɪ, the demonstrative -bʊnʊ is also used in relative clauses and can be anaphoric. The majority of quantifiers demonstrate no class agreement. The only exceptions in our data are -kʊ “one” and kpɛkpɛ “each”.
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SPENADER, JENNIFER, ERIK-JAN SMITS, and PETRA HENDRIKS. "Coherent discourse solves the pronoun interpretation problem." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 1 (September 2, 2008): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008854.
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ABSTRACTMany comprehension studies have shown that children as late as age 6 ; 6 misinterpret object pronouns as co-referring with the referential subject about half the time. A recent review of earlier experiments testing children's interpretation of object pronouns in sentences with quantified subjects (Elbourne, 2005) also suggests that there is a ‘Pronoun Interpretation Problem’. In contrast, two experiments addressing English children's pronoun production (Bloom, Barss, Nicol & Conway, 1994; de Villiers, Cahillane & Altreuter, 2006) show almost perfect usage. The aim of this study is to verify this asymmetry between pronoun production and pronoun comprehension for Dutch, and to investigate the effects of coherent discourse and topicality on pronoun production and comprehension. Employing a truth-value judgment task and an elicited production task, this study indeed finds such an asymmetry in 83 Dutch children (age range 4 ; 5–6 ; 6). When object pronouns were clearly established as the topic of the target sentence, the Pronoun Interpretation Problem dissolved entirely. These results are compatible with the asymmetrical grammar hypothesis of Hendriks & Spenader (2005/2006) and suggest, contrary to many previous claims, that children are highly proficient at using pragmatic clues in interpretation.
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Zhang, Sofi. "Research of Pronoun Renjia in Semantic and Rhetorical Function." Humaniora 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3413.
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Pronoun renjia is a personal pronoun and its basic functions similar to “other people”. But, in the actual use of pronoun renjia, it can refer to the third person “he, she, they”, refers to the second “you”, and refers to the first person "I, we ". Pronoun renjia has a wide range of functions with a rich function of rhetoric and rhetorical effect compared to the three pronouns. The context of classroom teaching, appropriate design of language environment of pronoun renjia will give student a better understanding on the pronoun renjia’s usage.
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Mshechil, Afaf Kadhim. "First Person Pronouns in the Holy Qur’an, (Juz' Amma) as a Sample (Semantic, Grammatical Study)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 02 (2022): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i02.003.
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The current study discusses (First Person Pronouns in the Holy Qura'an (Juz' Amma) as a sample), pronoun’s indication, the cause of its build up and the reason behind using it in context. Then, explaining in detail about first person pronouns and its types according to many considerations in Juz' Amma. The current study tries to stand still on the most prominent synthetic patterns to the nominal and verbal first person pronouns sentence at the same time. Then the study sought to uncover the most important connotations and contextual meanings contained in the nominal and verbal pronoun sentence. This came in accordance with the descriptive approach in presenting the states of the first person pronoun, and inductive in limiting his positions to Juz' Amma. As well as the semantic analysis, to find out the reason behind the expression in nominal form on one hand, and verbal at the other hand, and each form has its own indication. It is taken in nominal terms to denote conditions or matters that are characterized by permanence, stability and continuity, while vebal is brought to denote what was renewed and continuing to happen, as well as highlighting some of the Sunnahs of the Arabs, such as expressing future matters and events in the past tense and vice versa. As well as searching for the purposes or reasons that lie behind the diversity in the singular use of the speaker the singular pronoun (I) on one hand, and the plural pronoun (we) on the other. It was found out that it is mostly refers to the greatness of the creator (Allah) affecting the achievement or realization of the act.
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Torres, Ilana, Kathryn Slusarczyk, Malihe Alikhani, and Matthew Stone. "Intention and Attention in Image-Text Presentations: A Coherence Approach." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4873.
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In image-text presentations from online discourse, pronouns can refer to entities depicted in images, even if these entities are not otherwise referred to in a text caption. While visual salience may be enough to allow a writer to use a pronoun to refer to a prominent entity in the image, coherence theory suggests that pronoun use is more restricted. Specifically, language users may need an appropriate coherence relation between text and imagery to license and resolve pronouns. To explore this hypothesis and better understand the relationship between image context and text interpretation, we annotated an image-text data set with coherence relations and pronoun information. We find that pronoun use reflects a complex interaction between the content of the pronoun, the grammar of the text, and the relation of text and image.
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Ale-Ebrahim, Benjamin, Tristan Gohring, Elizabeth Fetterolf, and Mary L. Gray. "Pronouns in the Workplace: Developing Sociotechnical Systems for Digitally Mediated Gender Expression." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (April 14, 2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579516.
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Sharing personal pronouns (such as they/them, she/her, or he/him) in the workplace helps colleagues respectfully address each other. Many companies currently seek to design and implement new software tools to facilitate pronoun-sharing among employees. This paper analyzes the social processes of communication about pronouns in the workplace and identifies best practices for creating and using workplace pronoun-sharing software. We conducted 78 semi-structured qualitative interviews with various stakeholders involved in the launch of pronoun-sharing tools in workplace collaboration software, including transgender and queer people, HR and IT professionals, and LGBTQ advocacy organizations. We used an anthropological approach to qualitatively analyze interview materials and notes from interactions with research participants. We find that sharing personal pronouns is an ongoing communication process rather than a single act of information provision. Pronoun sharing tools encapsulate the tension between dynamic social processes of self-expression and technical systems of classification and information retrieval. People communicate their pronouns differently as they navigate identity expression across social contexts. Sharing pronouns is therefore both an individual expression of self-presentation and a complex act of social communication. Developers must create new methods for building pronoun-sharing tools that equip people to control ongoing social processes of self-expression instead of using an information retrieval approach that treats pronouns merely as stable, unchanging data.
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Wolna, Agata, Joanna Durlik, and Zofia Wodniecka. "Pronominal anaphora resolution in Polish: Investigating online sentence interpretation using eye-tracking." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): e0262459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262459.
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The mechanism of anaphora resolution is subject to large cross-linguistic differences. The most likely reason for this is the different sensitivity of pronouns to the range of factors that determine their reference. In the current study, we explored the mechanism of anaphora resolution in Polish. First, we explored preferences in the interpretation of null and overt pronouns in ambiguous sentences. More specifically, we investigated whether Polish speakers prefer to relate overt pronouns to subject or object antecedents. Subsequently, we tested the consequences of violating this bias when tracing the online sentence-interpretation process using eye-tracking. Our results show that Polish speakers have a strong preference for interpreting null pronouns as referring to subject antecedents and interpreting overt pronouns as referring to object antecedents. However, in online sentence interpretation, only overt pronouns showed sensitivity to a violation of the speaker’s preference for a pronoun-antecedent match. This suggests that null pronoun resolution is more flexible than overt pronoun resolution. Our results indicate that it is much easier for Polish speakers to shift the reference of a null pronoun than an overt one whenever a pronoun is forced to refer to a less-preferred antecedent. These results are supported by naturalness ratings, which showed that null pronouns are considered equally natural regardless of their reference, while overt pronouns referring to subject antecedents are rated as considerably less natural than those referring to object antecedents. To explain this effect, we propose that the interpretation of null and overt pronouns is sensitive to different factors which determine their reference.
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Kampen, Jacqueline van. "Discourse-related V1 declaratives in Dutch." Linguistics in the Netherlands 37 (October 27, 2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00043.kam.
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Abstract This paper discusses two types of discourse-related V1 declaratives in Dutch. The first type involves a missing argument. In the position before the finite verb a referential 3rd person pronoun is deleted. The deletion of the pronoun is constrained by the recoverability condition, which requires that its referential features can be reconstructed from context. I will argue that only the deletion of a d(emonstrative)-pronoun is “topic drop”. Deleted topic d-pronouns are subject to the same syntactic conditions as overt topic d-pronouns. Like the overt d-pronoun, the deleted d-pronoun refers to the focus constituent of the preceding sentence. A deleted p(ersonal)-pronoun, by contrast, does not have a uniquely determined antecedent. The second type of V1 declarative is found in so-called “narrative inversion” in which all arguments are present, and no empty element needs to be postulated. Various types of narrative inversion and the kind of discourse relation they imply are discussed.
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HAENDLER, Yair, and Flavia ADANI. "Testing the effect of an arbitrary subject pronoun on relative clause comprehension: a study with Hebrew-speaking children." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 4 (February 19, 2018): 959–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000599.
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AbstractPrevious studies have found that Hebrew-speaking children accurately comprehend object relatives (OR) with an embedded non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun (ASP). The facilitation of ORs with embedded pronouns is expected both from a discourse-pragmatics perspective and within a syntax-based locality approach. However, the specific effect of ASP might also be driven by a mismatch in grammatical features between the head noun and the pronoun, or by its relatively undemanding referential properties. We tested these possibilities by comparing ORs whose embedded subject is either ASP, a referential pronoun, or a lexical noun phrase. In all conditions, grammatical features were controlled. In a referent-identification task, the matching features made ORs with embedded pronouns difficult for five-year-olds. Accuracy was particularly low when the embedded pronoun was referential. These results indicate that embedded pronouns do not facilitate ORs across the board, and that the referential properties of pronouns affect OR processing.
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Lia, Elkana April. "Pronomina Persona dalam Bahasa Dayak Benuaq di Kecamatan Muara Lawa Kabupaten Kutai Barat." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v1i1.6.
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This study aims to describe the pronoun of Dayak Benuaq language charm and its use in the community in Kecamatan Muara Lawa. In addition, this research is also a step to preserve one of Indonesia’s wealth of language, especially the Dayak language Benuaq. It is hoped that this research can explore and explore local wisdom values in the Dayak Benuaq community. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research, that is research based on existing fact or phenomenon that empirically use Dayak Benuaq language. The technique of provision of data used is the technique of fishing rod, technique, skillful technique of advance, technological skill tansemuka, record recording technique. In the analysis of data used the method of agih or distributional, that is analyzing the language system or the whole rules that are set in the language based on the behavior or the characteristics of grammar on certain lingual units The results showed that the pronoun persona of the Dayak Benuaq language consists of three self-referential pronouns (1) the first single pronoun and the first plural pronoun consisting of ap, aqq, aweq, kaiq, and takaq, referring to the person to whom; (2) the pronouns of the second person singular and the pronouns of the second plural person consisting of aweq, ko, and ka, and referring to the person in question; (3) The third singular pronoun Persona and the third plural pronoun consisting of uhak, ongan, mali, and ulutn. The use of pronoun persona in Dayak Benuaq language is in accordance with the role of social factors (age, social status, and familiarity) on the use of pronouns persona, the use of pronouns persona in Dayak language Benuaq is adapted to the circumstances in communication, ie in terms of age, respected person or people who have a relationship of intimacy or kinship.
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COLE, MARCELLE. "Pronominal anaphoric strategies in the West Saxon dialect of Old English." English Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (July 2017): 381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431700020x.
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Building on previous studies that have discussed pronominal referencing in Old English (Traugott 1992; van Gelderen 2013; van Kemenade & Los 2017), the present study analyses the pronominal anaphoric strategies of the West Saxon dialect of Old English based on a quantitative and qualitative study of personal and demonstrative pronoun usage across a selection of late (postc. AD 900) Old English prose text types. The historical data discussed in the present study provide important additional support for modern cognitive and psycholinguistic theory. In line with the cognitive/psycholinguistic literature on the distribution of pronouns in Modern German (Bosch & Umbach 2007), the information-structural properties of referents rather than the grammatical role of the pronoun's antecedent most accurately explain the personal pronoun vs demonstrative pronoun contrast in the West Saxon dialect of Old English. The findings also highlight how issues pertaining to style, such as the author–writer relationship, text type, subject matter and the conventionalism propagated by text tradition, influence anaphoric strategies in Old English.
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Sousa, Valéria Viana. "Uma análise do pronome você nos tempos de agora ( An analysis of the pronoun "você" (you) nowadays)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v10i2.1194.
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Nos eventos discursivos, o pronome “você” tem sido apresentado como o pronome pessoal mais produtivo na atualidade. Esse pronome traz como característica a capacidade de direcionar o texto especificamente a um leitor/ ouvinte e, simultaneamente, também direcioná-lo a um grupo mais particular ou, ainda, a um grupo mais amplo. Com isso, vem se tornando uma espécie de “pronome curinga” em campanhas publicitárias. Nesta perspectiva, no presente artigo, observando as condições de frequência e produtividade, analisamos o referido pronome em doze mensagens veiculadas no suporte outdoor. Para tanto, ancoramo-nos teoricamente nos princípios de iconicidade e de metaiconicidade, postulados do funcionalismo linguístico de orientação givoniana.PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Pronome você. Funcionalismo linguístico. Suporte outdoor.ABSTRACT In discursive events, the pronoun “you” has been presented as the personal pronoun more productive today. This pronoun shows as feature the ability to specifically target the text to a reader / listener, and simultaneously also direct the communicative situation to a more particular group or even a larger group. With this, the personal pronoun “you” has become a kind of “wildcard pronoun” in advertising campaigns. In this perspective, we observe the conditions of frequency and productivity, and we analyze the pronoun “you” in twelve messages conveyed in billboards. Therefore, based on the principles of iconicity of meta-iconicity, we explain that situation using the assumptions of functionalism linguistic as Givón has proposed. KEYWORDS : Você Pronoun. Linguistic functionalism. Iconicity.
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Hatimah, Hatimah. "THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERROR IN USING PERSONAL PRONOUN IN A TRANSLATING SKILLS (CASE STUDY)." PEEL (PASER ENGLISH EDUCATION AND LINGUISTIC) 3, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56489/peel.v3i1.128.
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Grammar as one aspects of the language is necessary to be studied. One of grammatical components is pronoun. Many students are still confused on the use of personal pronouns in translating sentences. Therefore, the researcher is interested to conduct the research about error analysis on the use of personal pronoun in translating sentence. The objectives of this research were to know the percentage of students’ error in using personal pronouns and to know what kind of personal pronouns error that is often made by the students of grade X SMK Nurul Fajeri computer network engineering major.
The method used in this research was qualitative case study. The population was all ten grade students of SMK Nurul Pajeri ccomputer network engineering major, totaling 29 people. The research sample was 14 students who were taken from 29 population. The instument used for the research were test and interviews. That consist of 25 question in the form of fill in the blanks for the test, and the interviews for both students and teacher.
The results of the obtained was sufficient. this is proven from the personal pronoun percentage with the results of: Subject pronoun category 32 items with percentage of 8.65%, object pronoun category 71 items with a percentage of 19.19%, possessive pronoun category 74 items with a percentage 20%, possessive adjective category 66 items with a percentage of 17.84, reflexive ccategory 67 items with a percentage 18.11%, and a transalting 60 items ith a percentage of 16.22%. The most dominant results are wrong in the personal pronoun in the possessive pronoun category. The findings of this study indicate that there are still many students who experience errors in grammmar, especially personal pronouns. The results of the study show that the errors occur in students come from themselves, due to a lack of confidence and this also affects the translation in personal pronoun.
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Bader, Markus, and Yvonne Portele. "The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 38, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 155–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-2002.
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Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.
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Melendez, Sofia, and Archie Crowley. "Pronoun practices in the higher education classroom." Journal of Language and Sexuality 11, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.20022.cro.
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Abstract Pronouns are a crucial linguistic resource for transgender and nonbinary people, and educators are in a unique position to support trans and nonbinary students by implementing affirming pronoun practices for their classrooms. This paper outlines concrete strategies for creating a trans-affirming pedagogy in the context of higher education. The strategies discussed detail modelling pronoun introductions, collecting pronoun information, navigating pronoun misuse, and considerations related to curricula and classroom contexts. Pronoun practices are an essential step towards making the classroom an affirming place for transgender and nonbinary students to thrive.
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Lederer, Jenny. "Understanding the Self: How spatial parameters influence the distribution of anaphora within prepositional phrases." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 3 (July 26, 2013): 483–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0013.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the distribution of reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns in the prepositional phrase, concluding that multiple semantic factors play a role in the appearance of one pronoun over the other. The distributional trends in English are explained by referencing the crucial role space plays in grammar, and the resulting implications for Binding Theory (Chomsky 1995) are discussed. The motivating forces for the corpus distribution are based on perceived directionality and location of the denoted event with respect to the body of the event's protagonist. The patterns found in the corpus data are attributed to a range of factors that play a role in the semantic specifications and associations of the pronouns themselves. First, it is argued that the high rate of reflexive pronouns in events that are metaphorically located in the body is due to the reflexive pronoun's close semantic association with the concept of self, a metaphorical body-internal entity. Second, it is argued that the reflexive pronoun is used to signal either an event which is performed on the body (in the referent's peri-personal space) or directed toward the body. Cases of these types are explained by a schematic, semantic parallelism between syntactically complex reflexive events and syntactically simple reflexive events. In both cases, the reflexive pronoun signals a contrastive element. In syntactically complex cases, the PP examples (e.g. John pushed the box toward himself), and syntactically simple cases, those with basic clause structure (e.g. John kicked himself), the reflexive is used to signal that the direction of the event is counter to the direction of expectation, thus explaining why certain reflexive events (e.g. bathe, or pull something toward you) do not have to, and most often, do not occur with the reflexive pronoun.
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Sanoudaki, Eirini, and Spyridoula Varlokosta. "Pronoun Comprehension in Individuals With Down Syndrome: Deviance or Delay?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (August 2014): 1442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0035.
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Purpose Results of recent pilot studies suggest that the interpretation of pronouns in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may follow a pattern unattested in typical development, indicating the presence of a selective deficit targeting the comprehension of reflexive pronouns. These findings come at a time when there is a heated debate surrounding pronoun comprehension in typical development as well. This study aims to contribute to these debates by examining pronoun comprehension in Greek, a language that exhibits unusual patterns in pronoun comprehension in typical development. Method Seven Greek-speaking individuals with DS and a control group of 14 typically developing (TD) children were tested. The authors examined the comprehension of strong pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and pronominal clitics, using a picture selection task. Results The data reveal evidence of deviant pronoun comprehension in individuals with DS compared with the TD group. The DS group encountered problems in the interpretation of reflexive pronouns when compared with the TD group, while the performance of the two groups was comparable in all remaining conditions. Conclusions Findings are in line with the selective deficit model of language comprehension in DS, supporting the presence of a cross-linguistic reflexive deficit.
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Tamaredo, Iván, and Teresa Fanego. "Pronoun omission and agreement: An analysis based on ICE Singapore and ICE India." ICAME Journal 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icame-2016-0007.
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AbstractThis article deals with pronoun omission in subject position and its connection with subject-verb agreement in Indian English and Singapore English. Agreement morphology has been found to be a predictor and facilitator of pronoun omission cross-linguistically in that it aids in the identification and retrieval of the referents of omitted pronouns. The results of a corpus study partly confirm this trend, since they show that agreement morphology does have a weak facilitating effect in both varieties examined; that is, pronoun omission increases when the subject and the verb agree in person and number. However, this is only true for lexical verbs; non-modal auxiliaries (i.e., be, have, do), on the contrary, show a low percentage of omitted pronouns and no facilitating effect of agreement morphology. To account for this finding, the possible inhibiting effect on pronoun omission of the frequency of co-occurrence of pronouns and non-modal auxiliaries was also explored.
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Lehecka, Tomas. "Antecedents of a novel gender-neutral pronoun: a corpus-based approach to pronoun reference in Swedish." Corpora 18, no. 3 (November 2023): 329–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0290.
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This paper provides a corpus-based perspective on the issues of pronominal systems and pronoun reference. Specifically, the paper examines the antecedents of Swedish third-person singular animate pronouns, with a particular focus on the recently introduced gender-neutral pronoun hen. Using Swedish Twitter corpora from 2015 to 2017 ( c. 1.6 billion words), the study provides a comparison of the general antecedent types as well as the specific antecedent lemmas used with each pronoun. The results show that, whilst there are considerable similarities between the use of hen and the more established gender-equal expression han eller hon (‘he or she’), hen is used substantially more often with nouns that refer to close personal relationships. In this regard, hen also bears closer resemblance to the feminine pronoun than to the masculine pronoun. Generally, the analysis demonstrates that language users are assigning a distinct set of functional properties to hen, making it a complement to the ‘old’ gender-specific and gender-equal pronouns, not a replacement.
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Bittner, Dagmar, Claudia Frankenberg, and Johannes Schröder. "Changes in Pronoun Use a Decade before Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia—Linguistic Contexts Suggest Problems in Perspective-Taking." Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010121.
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The use of pronouns has been shown to change pathologically in the early phases of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). So far, the findings have been of a quantitative nature. Little is known, however, about the developmental path of the change, its onset, the domains in which it initially occurs, and if and how it spreads to other linguistic domains. The present study investigates pronoun use in six speakers of German a decade before they were clinically diagnosed with AD (LAD) and six biographically matched healthy controls (CTR). The data originate from monologic spoken language elicited by semi-spontaneous biographical interviews. Investigation of nine pronoun types revealed group differences in the use of three pronoun types: D-pronouns—a specific pronoun type of German for reference to persons and objects; the impersonal pronoun man ‘one’, and the propositional pronoun das ‘this/that’. Investigation of the linguistic contexts in which these three pronoun types were used revealed a correlation with declines in elaborative and evaluative information; that is, information the hearer would benefit from in creating an informed model of the discourse. We, therefore, hypothesize that the early changes in language use due to AD point to problems in perspective-taking, specifically in taking the hearer’s perspective.
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Contemori, Carla, Sabrina Mossman, and Alma L. Armendariz Galaviz. "The Use of Pronoun Interpretation Biases in L1 Spanish: The Role of Language Proficiency, Exposure, and Use in Heritage Speakers." Heritage Language Journal 21, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-bja10023.
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Abstract In an offline sentence comprehension task, we test the interpretation biases for null and overt pronouns and anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in heritage speakers (HSs) whose first language (L1) is Spanish (L2 English). Previous studies have shown that Spanish HSs can interpret overt anaphoric pronouns differently than monolingual speakers. A question that remains unexplored is how HSs interpret cataphoric pronouns and how L1 experience affects pronoun resolution biases in these individuals. We recruited 48 HSs and 48 monolingual Spanish speakers. The results show that pronoun interpretation in HSs differs from monolingual biases, with HSs demonstrating a higher subject antecedent preference for anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns. The results further show that a continuous measure of language proficiency, exposure, and use may contribute to explaining pronoun interpretation biases in heritage Spanish. We discuss the findings in light of recent research demonstrating that language experience can contribute to shape discourse patterns.
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Lin, Peiqin, and Meng Yang. "Hierarchical Attention Network with Pairwise Loss for Chinese Zero Pronoun Resolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6352.
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Recent neural network methods for Chinese zero pronoun resolution didn't take bidirectional attention between zero pronouns and candidate antecedents into consideration, and simply treated the task as a classification task, ignoring the relationship between different candidates of a zero pronoun. To solve these problems, we propose a Hierarchical Attention Network with Pairwise Loss (HAN-PL), for Chinese zero pronoun resolution. In the proposed HAN-PL, we design a two-layer attention model to generate more powerful representations for zero pronouns and candidate antecedents. Furthermore, we propose a novel pairwise loss by introducing the correct-antecedent similarity constraint and the pairwise-margin loss, making the learned model more discriminative. Extensive experiments have been conducted on OntoNotes 5.0 dataset, and our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in the task of Chinese zero pronoun resolution.
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Järvikivi, Juhani, Roger P. G. van Gompel, Jukka Hyönä, and Raymond Bertram. "Ambiguous Pronoun Resolution." Psychological Science 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01525.x.
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A visual-world eye-tracking experiment investigated the influence of order of mention and grammatical role on resolution of ambiguous pronouns in Finnish. According to the first-mention account, general cognitive structure-building processes make the first-mentioned noun phrase the preferred antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun. According to the subject-preference account, the preferred antecedent is the grammatical subject of the preceding clause or sentence. Participants listened to sentences in either subject-verb-object or object-verb-subject order; each was followed by a sentence containing an ambiguous pronoun that referred to either the subject or the object. Participants' eye movements were monitored while they looked at pictures representing the two possible antecedents of each pronoun. Analyses of the fixations on the pictures showed that listeners used both order-of-mention and grammatical-role information to resolve ambiguous pronouns.
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Ron’ko, Roman V. "POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH PRONOUNS IN SHUGHNI." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 5 (2022): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2022-5-48-66.
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The paper describes possessive constructions with pronouns in Shughni. In this language, possessor can be expressed by personal and demonstrative pronouns, pronouns with the locative postposition and, and constructions including both a standard pronoun and a pronoun marked with a locative marker. I compare these construction types, analyze types of semantic relations between the possessor and the possessee. Besides that, two syntactic types of possessive constructions are distinguished and their syntactic features are described.
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Heidinger, Steffen. "Humanness, pronoun types, and orphan prepositions in French." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 74, no. 1 (November 14, 2023): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2023-0004.
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Abstract This paper is about the distribution of null and strong pronouns in French prepositional phrases in relation to the humanness of the preposition’s complement. The existing literature suggests that the mapping between pronoun type and humanness is characterized by soft complementarity, linking human complements to strong pronouns, and non-human complements to null pronouns. In the empirical coverage of the phenomenon experimental studies are still underrepresented: so far, no data on pronoun choice is available, and regarding interpretation data, the only existing study does not include null pronouns. Two experiments were conducted with the goal to fill this research gap. The results show that soft complementarity only applies to pronoun choice: human complements are typically referred to by strong pronouns, and non-human complements by null pronouns. As related to interpretation, however, both strong and null pronouns are preferably interpreted as human. We account for this asymmetry based on the general preference of pronouns to be interpreted as human unless prevented by strong constraints (as in the case of Engl. it).
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Cunnings, Ian, Georgia Fotiadou, and Ianthi Tsimpli. "ANAPHORA RESOLUTION AND REANALYSIS DURING L2 SENTENCE PROCESSING." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 621–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263116000292.
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In a visual world paradigm study, we manipulated gender congruence between a subject pronoun and two antecedents to investigate whether second language (L2) learners with a null subject first language (L1) acquire and process overt subject pronouns in a nonnull subject L2 in a nativelike way. We also investigated whether L2 speakers revise an initial interpretation assigned to an ambiguous pronoun when information in the visual context subsequently biased against it. Our results indicated both L1 English speakers and Greek L2 English speakers rapidly used gender information to guide pronoun resolution. Both groups also preferentially coindexed ambiguous pronouns to a sentence subject and current discourse topic, despite the fact that overt subject pronouns in the learners’ L1 index a topic shift. We also observed that L2 English speakers were less likely to revise their initial interpretation than L1 English speakers. These results indicate that L2 speakers from a null subject background can acquire the interpretive preferences of overt pronouns in a nonnull subject L2. The eye-movement data indicate that anaphora processing can become qualitatively similar in native and nonnative speakers in the domain of subject pronoun resolution, but indicate reanalysis may cause difficulty during L2 processing.
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Filik, Ruth, Anthony J. Sanford, and Hartmut Leuthold. "Processing Pronouns without Antecedents: Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 7 (July 2008): 1315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20090.
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Pronouns that do not have explicit antecedents typically cause processing problems. We investigate a specific example in which this may not be the case, as in “At the interview, they asked really difficult questions,” where the plural pronoun they has no explicit antecedent, yet is intuitively easy to process. Some unspecified but constrained set of individuals (the interview panel or the company) can be inferred as the referent, but it is not crucial to determine specifically which entities are being referred to. We propose that this contrasts with the processing of singular pronouns (he or she), for which it is necessary to determine a specific referent. We used event-related brain potentials to investigate how readers process the pronoun (they vs. he/she) in these cases. Sentences were placed in a context that either did or did not contain an explicit antecedent for the pronoun. There were two key findings. Firstly, when there was no explicit antecedent, a larger fronto-central positivity was observed 750 msec after pronoun onset for he/she than they, possibly reflecting the additional difficulty involved in establishing a referent for he/she than for they when no explicit referent is available. Secondly, there was a larger N400-like deflection evoked by he/she than they, regardless of whether there was an explicit antecedent for the pronoun. We suggest that this is due to the singular pronouns bringing about a greater integration effort than the plural pronoun. This observation adds to a growing body of research revealing fundamental differences in the way these pronouns are handled by the language processor.
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Sweetser, Eve. "Pronouns, metonymy, and identity." Cognitive Semiotics 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogsem-2022-2009.
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Abstract Although formal linguists have focused on the deictic and (co)referential functions of pronouns, social categorization and identity are deeply involved in pronominal usage. I argue here that even the understanding of pronoun reference requires us to go beyond extensional (co)-reference. The extensive literature on linguistic categorization has focused on nouns more than on verbs, as has work on metonymy – but not on pronouns. Here I present two case studies, one of third-person pronouns and one of first-plural pronouns. In one I argue that cognitive science findings on categorization make it impossible for a masculine noun/pronoun usage to be truly “generic” in gender reference. The other examines the ways in which identity and group structure shape the possibilities for plural pronoun reference, in particular with respect to first-person plural (we) uses. To understand the principles of reference for these pronouns, we need to apply theoretical frameworks developed for lexical meaning: frames, category structure, prototypes, categorial metonymy and frame metonymy.
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Elliott, Patrick D., Andreea Nicolae, and Yasutada Sudo. "The Sticky Reading: VP Ellipsis Without Parallel Binding." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 24 (March 16, 2016): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v24i0.3639.
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Abstract VP Ellipsis (VPE) whose antecedent VP contains a pronoun famously gives rise to an ambiguity between strict and sloppy readings. Since Sag’s (1976) seminal work, it is generally assumed that the strict reading involves free pronouns in both the elided VP and its antecedent, whereas the sloppy reading involves bound pronouns. The majority of current approaches to VPE are tailored to derive this parallel binding requirement, ruling out mixed readings where one of the VPs involves a bound pronoun and the other a free pronoun in parallel positions. Contrary to this assumption, it is observed that there are cases of VPE where the antecedent VP contains a bound pronoun but the elided VP contains a free E-type pronoun anchored to the quantifier, in violation of parallel binding. We dub this the ‘sticky reading’ of VPE. To account for it, we propose a new identity condition on VPE which is less stringent than is standardly assumed. We formalize this using an extension of Roberts’s (2012) Question under Discussion (QuD) theory of information structure.
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Chen, Meng. "Analysis and Teaching Strategies of Middle School English Pronouns from a Cross-culture Perspective." International Journal of Education and Humanities 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xt6pbm07.
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The English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) have promoted the development of core competencies, especially cultural awareness and thinking quality which students lack. English learners in junior high school in China have some pronoun learning problems and always make pronoun errors. So, teaching English pronouns in middle school from the cross-cultural perspective is proposed. This study finds, firstly, different cultural knowledge behind these two languages, Chinese and English, can accounts for their pronoun errors to some extent. Secondly, the language Chinese the high context culture, pays much attention to power and parataxis, while the language English in the low culture context emphasizes solidarity and hypotaxis. English focuses more on grammar and rules. All above accounts for more pronoun use in English than in Chinese and personal pronouns are taken for an example to explain their relationship. Thirdly, it is about teaching strategies: English teachers should supplement relevant concepts and knowledge explanations; use authentic discourse materials and establish a real communicative environment; summarize students’ s pronoun errors and strengthen the correct forms.
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Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam. "Personal Pronouns in American Presidential Political Discourse." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.356.
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This research examines first-person personal pronouns which arise in political speeches given by Obama in his victory as American President in 2008 and 2012. Employing qualitative and quantitative methods, this research explores the occurrences of first personal pronouns to reveal the forms and its discourse function through political speeches. Abstracting from 458 personal pronouns found in Obama’s speeches, 272 pronouns are identified as first personal pronouns. The findings of the first personal pronouns employed in Obama speeches illustrated that Obama produced pronoun we and its variants, 183 times, and pronoun I and its variants, 89 times. Obama exploited singular personal pronoun to convey personally his deep appreciation and gratefulness, personal experiences, personal professional experiences, his personal argumentative opinions, hopes, and his commitment as well. The use of inclusive we and its variants indicate Obama’s desire to shares responsibility and construct nationalistic spirit, togetherness, equality, publicly assertion about the political situation, and any challenges they probably face in the future. Additionally, by employing exclusive we, Obama asserts his political plans, commitment, political experiences during the election, and serious concern of reconciliation.
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Sujarwati, Iis, Sureena Sa ae, and Syafryadin Syafryadin. "A Study of Translation Strategies in Translating Personal Pronouns in Disney’s movie entitled Rapunzel into Thai Version." International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE) 4, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v4i1.2517.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to analyze translation strategies in the translation of personal pronouns used in the Disney movie Rapunzel into the Thai version. The objectives of the study are: 1) to describe the strategies used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie, and 2) to determine the frequency of each translation strategy used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie. The data of the study were gathered from English personal pronouns from the subtitle on DVD Rapunzel which was released in 2010. The result of the study showed that ten translation strategies based on Pokasamrit (2011), Nida (1964), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) were identified as used in the study. The strategies of translation were pronoun to pronoun/literal translation, explicitness to implicitness, kinship terms, formal language, informal language, editorial pronoun, addition, alterations/transposition, and inversion. The frequency of each translation strategy found was determined by considering the following elements: the formulation of personal pronouns and the differences between personal pronouns in English and Thai.
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CƏFƏROVA, N. B. "ƏVƏZLİYİN TƏDRİSİNƏ İNTEQRATİV YANAŞMALAR." Actual Problems of study of humanities 1, no. 2024 (April 15, 2024): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.1.016.
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Integrative Approaches to Replacement Learning Summary A pronoun is a unique, peculiar part of speech. Pronouns prevent unnecessary repetition of words that denote objects, signs and qualities in speech. Pronouns replace and replace nouns, adjectives, numbers, and adverbs, allowing for deeper understanding of these parts of speech. Most definitions and rules learned during pronoun teaching have integrative features; Pronouns are also important when studying spelling and spelling material. When teaching pronouns in the elementary grades, careful attention should be paid to highlighting and integrating each topic with spelling and spelling, since learning the features of these topics is closely related to their spelling and pronuncia¬tion. When teaching pronouns, in addition to teaching their grammatical features, the rules of writing and pronunciation are also studied, which creates favorable conditions for the application of morphological knowledge and spelling and spelling rules together, students' literacy, increases their fluency and develops their speech. Incorporating pronouns into spelling and orthography results in rapid and robust learning of spelling and spelling rules. Key words: pronoun, learning, integration, spelling, spelling
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D'Alessandro, Roberta. "Death and contact-induced rebirth of impersonal pronouns. A case study." Probus 26, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2014-0009.
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Abstract Abruzzese, a southern Italian variety spoken in the central Italian region of Abruzzo, makes use of an impersonal pronoun, nomə, which is the continuation of Latin hŏmo (D'Alessandro & Alexiadou 2006). Nomə is used both as an arbitrary 3rd person pronoun and as a generic pronoun. Its use was quite widespread in the Abruzzo and Molise regions until about 50 years ago; however, as a result of heavy contact with Italian, it has recently been almost completely abandoned, and appears to be used only by the older generation of speakers. Its function has also been reshaped, in that it mostly serves as a marker of plurality on verbs. The loss of impersonal pronouns is a common trend in the European area, as witnessed by the typological study conducted by Giacalone Ramat & Sansò (2007). This typological trend, particularly combined with the significant decay of the dialects in favor of a generalized use of regional Italian, means that the creation of new impersonal pronouns is wholly unexpected. However, it appears that a new impersonal pronoun, annə, is in fact emerging in Abruzzese, and is almost entirely replacing nomə in most areas of Eastern Abruzzo. The development of this impersonal pronoun is following a rather unusual path, seeming to be the result of the re-adaptation of an auxiliary borrowed from Italian. This paper examines the diachronic development of both pronouns, showing that they follow opposite paths. While nomə is grammaticalizing into a plural marker, annə is degrammaticalizing into an arbitrary pronoun.
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Skripka, Veronika. "The functioning of the pronoun ть (тоть) in Russian business writing of the XIV-XV centuries." Litera, no. 6 (June 2022): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38138.
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The article examines the functions performed by the demonstrative pronoun ть (тоть) in business texts of the XIV-XV centuries, written on the territory of the Moscow Principality, Novgorod and Pskov lands. Examples of usages were analyzed and combined on the basis of what function demonstrative pronouns have in each case (anaphoric, articular, determinative function (word-substitute subordinate clause), cataphoric). In the case of an anaphora, an analysis of the antecedent was performed — an expression naming the object, person or situation to which the pronoun refers. Particular attention is paid to the syntactic role of pronouns — substantives, attributives and substantive attributives — and how it affects their use. As a result of the study, three main functions that the pronoun in question performs were identified: anaphoric, articular and determinative function. The specifics of how the syntactic role of pronouns affects its use in an anaphoric function have been clarified: for example, substantives usually refer to objects and situations, but are practically not used to refer to people. Substantive attributes, on the contrary, most often serve to refer to the previously mentioned people and in just one case refer to objects. The first reliable examples of pronouns in the articular function, in our opinion, can be attributed to the XV century. Part of the article is devoted to what features pronouns have in the articular function and how it can be distinguished from anaphora. In the entire corpus of texts considered, only three examples of the cataphoric function of the pronoun were found, and the pronoun тоть in the deictic function was not recorded at all.