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Journal articles on the topic 'Proof of authority'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kester, Brittany, Ruth Castillo, Tyler Wong, et al. "A Research Proposal - Social Influence in Virtual Spaces: Social Proof Versus Authority Power." Psi Beta Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54581/taqt6508.

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The proposed research aims to explore the influences of authority power and social proof while considering personality characteristics in a post-pandemic virtual environment. This study will be conducted online as a conceptual replication of a recent experimental study (Danay et al., 2016) that was conducted in person and compared social influence strategies drawn from two of psychology’s most classic studies. This replication will include several personality factors. Scripts, language, inflection, and tone will imitate the classic Milgram experiments of the 1960s to display authority power, w

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2

Jiahong, HE. "On free proof and regulated proof." Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 8, no. 3 (2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2020.08.00317.

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Free proof and regulated proof are two basic modes of judicial proof. The system of ‘legal proof’ established in France in the 16th century is a classical model of regulated proof. The system of ‘free proof with intimate conviction’ established in France in the 19th century is a classical model of free proof. The force of seeking truth pushes the judicial proof towards the free mode, while the force of seeking fairness, predictability, and authority pushes the judicial proof towards the regulated mode. The interaction of these two driving forces causes the ‘reversal development’ of the judicia

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Usanti, Trisadini Prasastinah, Indira Retno Aryatie, and Yuniarti. "KEWENANGAN WAKIF TERHADAP HARTA BENDA WAQAF." Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan 5, no. 1 (2021): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/lex.v5i1.4074.

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Waqf assets are wakif property which can be proven by proof of ownership of the said assets. The types of waqf assets include immovable and movable objects. The formulation of the problem to be analyzed is the wakif authority over waqf assets. The approach used is a statute approach and a conceptual approach. With regard to immovable objects, the proof of ownership of the said property is a certificate of land rights, if the waqf property is in the form of land rights, then the authority to act as wakif is the name printed on the certificate. The meaning of movable objects in the Waqf Law can

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Ko, Yi-Yin, Sean P. Yee, Sarah K. Bleiler-Baxter, and Justin D. Boyle. "Empowering Students' Proof Learning through Communal Engagement." Mathematics Teacher 109, no. 8 (2016): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.109.8.0618.

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Walton, Douglas, and Marcin Koszowy. "Whately on Authority, Deference, Presumption and Burden of Proof." Rhetorica 36, no. 2 (2018): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2018.36.2.179.

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This paper shows how Whately's view of presumption as a preoccupation of the ground plays an indispensable role in the study of persuasive aspects of appeals to authority and deference. This is done by showing how important connections among arguments from authority, presumption, burden of proof, and deference can be precisely defined, combined, and fitted into a formal argumentation framework for responding to arguments from expert opinion and analyzing the ad verecundiam fallacy. As the inquiry into Whately's ideas also reveals links between Aristotelian topics and dialectic later brought ou

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Manolache, Manuel Adelin, Sergiu Manolache, and Nicolae Tapus. "Decision Making using the Blockchain Proof of Authority Consensus." Procedia Computer Science 199 (2022): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.071.

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Walton, Douglas, and Marcin Koszowy. "Whately on Authority, Deference, Presumption and Burden of Proof." Rhetorica 36, no. 2 (2018): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rht.2018.0018.

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8

Kuibida, Andriy. "Features of proof in administrative cases at the request of public authorities." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 35 (September 1, 2024): 876–83. https://doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-876-883.

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The issue of evidence and proof is to some extent the subject of research by any procedural scientist. This relevance is due to the key place and role of evidence in the process of resolving a particular public law dispute. The article examines the goals, tasks and peculiarities of proof in administrative proceedings, taking into account the nature of judicial proof and the specifics of administrative cases brought by a public authority. Evidence and proof are both the procedural foundation and the procedural core. This is due to the performance by the subjects of proof of the cognitive functi

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9

HEAD, RANDOLPH C. "DOCUMENTS, ARCHIVES, AND PROOF AROUND 1700." Historical Journal 56, no. 4 (2013): 909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x12000477.

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ABSTRACTJean Mabillon'sDe re diplomatica, whose importance for diplomatics and the philosophy of history is well recognized, also contributed to the seventeenth-century European debate over the relationship among documents, archives, and historical or juridical proof. This article juxtaposes early works on diplomatics by Mabillon, Daniel Papebroche, and Barthélémy Germon against Germanius archivitheorists including Rutger Ruland and Ahasver Fritsch to reveal two incommensurate approaches that emerged around 1700 for assessing the authority of written records. Diplomatics concentrated on compar

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Selvakumar, R., S. Shibu, R. Priscilla Joy, Roopa Chandrika R, C. Ramesh Kumar, and S. Kamatchi. "A Federated Consensus for Proof of Authority in IoT-Blockchain Applications." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.8358.

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The growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the need for secure and scalable blockchain applications pose significant challenges in the realm of consensus protocols. This paper proposes a novel consensus mechanism called Federated Consensus for Proof of Authority (Fed-PoA), which combines the advantages of Proof of Authority (PoA) and federated learning to achieve secure and scalable IoT-Blockchain applications. The Fed-PoA ensures efficient data sharing, privacy preservation, and decentralized operation. Performance evaluation of this model in a simulated environment demonstr

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11

周, 宇. "Improved Proof of Authority Consensus Based on Verifiable Random Functions." Computer Science and Application 11, no. 02 (2021): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2021.112038.

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12

Bleiler-Baxter, Sarah K., Jordan E. Kirby, and Samuel D. Reed. "Understanding authority in small-group co-constructions of mathematical proof." Journal of Mathematical Behavior 70 (June 2023): 101015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2022.101015.

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13

Zielinska, Olga A., Allaire K. Welk, Christopher B. Mayhorn, and Emerson Murphy-Hill. "A Temporal Analysis of Persuasion Principles in Phishing Emails." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601175.

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Eight hundred eighty-seven phishing emails from Arizona State University, Brown University, and Cornell University were assessed by two reviewers for Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion: authority, social proof, liking/similarity, commitment/consistency, scarcity, and reciprocation. A correlational analysis of email characteristics by year revealed that the persuasion principles of commitment/consistency and scarcity have increased over time, while the principles of reciprocation and social proof have decreased over time. Authority and liking/similarity revealed mixed results with certain

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14

Flores, Alfinio. "How Do Children Know That What They Learn in Mathematics Is True?" Teaching Children Mathematics 8, no. 5 (2002): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.8.5.0269.

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One of the distinctive marks of mathematical thinking is that we do not need to rely on memory or authority to know whether or not an assertion is true. In mathematics, we can prove our theorems. For students, however, the road to formal proofs is a long one. The ways in which children ascertain that a statement or fact in mathematics is true, accurate, and free from error evolve over time. The kind and amount of convincing evidence, or proof, that is appropriate for a child change as the child's mathematical thinking develops. Children must also learn at a young age that they do not need to r

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15

Iqbal, Muhammad. "The Role & Authority of Inner Notary Making of Heritage Actions." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 2, no. 4 (2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.2.4.533-541.

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This study aims to determine the Role and Authority of Notaries in Making the Inheritance Deed and to find out and analyze the obstacles and solutions by the Notary in making the Inheritance Deed. The data used in this study are primary data, secondary data and tertiary data that can support the assessment, which are then analyzed using descriptive analytical methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that: The notary's duty is to formulate the wishes and actions of the parties into an Authentic Deed with due regard to and not violating applicable legal provisions. Aut

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Timmermans, Stefan. "Suicide Determination and the Professional Authority of Medical Examiners." American Sociological Review 70, no. 2 (2005): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000206.

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Since Durkheim's pioneering study, official suicide statistics have been suspected of underreporting the true suicide rate. A majority of researchers asserts that mistakes are minimal and not systematic while a minority claims that suicide statistics are systematically biased. Lingering uncertainties about suicide rate accuracy call into question the claims of scholarship and the efficacy of prevention programs. From the perspective of the sociology of professions, the critique of suicide accuracy challenges the professional authority of death investigators. Ethnographic observations show that

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17

Al-Sager, Dr Sager. "The authority to prove deepfakes technically and jurisprudentially in artificial intelligence systems." Journal of Social Studies 29, no. 4 (2023): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v29i4.2244.

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The research aims to demonstrate the authority to prove deepfakes technically and jurisprudentially in artificial intelligence systems, as many people still fear the harm of this development in artificial intelligence, mimicking voice, and image, etc. The research contains the concept of artificial intelligence, details on the method of detecting deepfakes technically, the authority of deepfakes in jurisprudence, and then the result, which is: that ‏probable ‏evidence is considered one of the methods of proof considered in the judiciary in Islam. The means of proof are not limited to a specifi

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18

Basilius, Bias Astho Christyono, MoeljonoWidjaja, and Wicaksana Arya. "Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 19, no. 5 (2021): 1565–72. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415.

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Current advances in information technology have brought about significant changes, including ways to carry out elections using computer technology known as e-voting. Blockchain underlies the popularity of the digital currency Bitcoin and some other digital money, sparking the start of a new era of Internet use, including electronic voting (e-voting) system. In this work, we proposed designing and implementing an evoting system powered by the Ethereum blockchain. We used real-world data from the Indonesian Election Commission (KPU) with 26 candidates and 15,725 voters from the Jelupang sub-dist

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19

Toyoda, Kentaroh, Koji Machi, Yutaka Ohtake, and Allan N. Zhang. "Function-Level Bottleneck Analysis of Private Proof-of-Authority Ethereum Blockchain." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 141611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011876.

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20

Zafar, Faheem, Abid Khan, Saif Ur Rehman Malik, Mansoor Ahmed, Carsten Maple, and Adeel Anjum. "MobChain: Three-Way Collusion Resistance in Witness-Oriented Location Proof Systems Using Distributed Consensus." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155096.

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Smart devices have accentuated the importance of geolocation information. Geolocation identification using smart devices has paved the path for incentive-based location-based services (LBS). However, a user’s full control over a smart device can allow tampering of the location proof. Witness-oriented location proof systems (LPS) have emerged to resist the generation of false proofs and mitigate collusion attacks. However, witness-oriented LPS are still susceptible to three-way collusion attacks (involving the user, location authority, and the witness). To overcome the threat of three-way collu

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21

Kaur, Sivleen, Sheetal Chaturvedi, Aabha Sharma, and Jayaprakash Kar. "A Research Survey on Applications of Consensus Protocols in Blockchain." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693731.

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The concept of blockchain, widely known as virtual currencies, saw a massive surge in popularity in recent times. As far as the security of the blockchain is concerned, consensus algorithms play a vital role in the blockchain. Research has been done separately, or comparisons between a few of them have been presented previously. In this paper, we have discussed widely used consensus algorithms in the blockchain. The consensus protocols covered in this paper include PoW (Proof of Work), PoS (Proof of Stake), DPoS (Delegated Proof of Stake), PoET (Proof of Elapsed Time), PBFT (Practical Byzantin

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22

McConnell, James R. "Galatians as Thesis." Review & Expositor 114, no. 2 (2017): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637317702357.

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Previous research focusing on rhetorical criticism of Paul’s letter to the Galatians has failed to reach a consensus. Scholars are divided as to the genre of rhetoric Paul is employing. There is equally little agreement as to the structure of the letter and how it should be sub-divided into the categories for speeches as described by the rhetorical handbooks. This article seeks to simplify the approach to the structure of Galatians 1–4 by reading this portion of the letter in light of Theon’s description of the elementary exercise of thesis as found in the Progymnasmata. After demonstrating th

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23

Alrowaily, Majed Abdullah, Mansoor Alghamdi, Ibrahim Alkhazi, Ahmad B. Hassanat, Musab Mutasim Saeed Arbab, and Charles Z. Liu. "Modeling and Analysis of Proof-Based Strategies for Distributed Consensus in Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Networks." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021478.

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Blockchain technology has a wide range of applicability in the fields of transportation infrastructure construction and maintenance, transportation big data analysis and application, expressway toll collection, and logistics. The core technology lies in the distributed, decentralized, immutable, and programmable features brought about by consensus. This paper studies the dynamic analytical modeling of Proof-Based Consensus (PBC) strategies in blockchain systems, focusing on basic strategies, including Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Proof of Authority (PoA), and Proof of Luck (PoL),

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24

Stein, Alex. "On the Epistemic Authority of Courts." Episteme 5, no. 3 (2008): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1742360008000488.

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ABSTRACTThis paper uses Carl Ginet's concept of “disinterested justification” to identify the boundaries of the epistemic authority of courts. It claims that courts exercise this authority only in the “interest-free” zone, in which their determinations of disputed facts’ probabilities can be made and justified on epistemic grounds alone. This is not the case with the “interest-laden” domain, where courts allocate risks of error under conditions of uncertainty. This domain is controlled by the risk-allocating evidentiary rules: burdens of proof, corroboration, hearsay, opinion, character, and o

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25

Satrio, Iqbal Pandu. "Authorities and Responsibilities of Notaries Regarding the Implementation of Cyber Notary in Indonesia." Authentica 5, no. 1 (2022): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.atc.2022.5.1.198.

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A cyber notary is a breakthrough and innovation that is very important in the legal world, especially Notary; through article 15, paragraph 3 of the Notary Position Act, notaries are given the authority to certify transactions electronically. So far, the certification of electronic transactions has been regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, which discusses all rules relating to electronic transactions. Cyber Notary itself conflicts with the current regulations, especially regarding proof of deeds made electronically by a notary and the authority

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Mariño, Juan David Barbosa, and Juan David López Vergara. "The Preferential and Non-preferential Certification of Origin in Colombia: Trends on the Origin Verification Process." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 3/4 (2020): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020028.

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This article presents the institutional framework of preferential and non-preferential certificate of origin in Colombia. Special emphasis is made in the process of verification, the sanctioning regime and the common errors that Companies incur, also describing some current trends of the Authority to disregard the Proof of Origin. Preferential Origin, Suspension of Preferential Tariff Treatment, Verification, Free Trade Agreement, Sanctions and Penalties, Authorized Exporter, Transshipment, Non-preferential origin, Proof of Origin.

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Staples, Brian Rankin. "Importers: Improve Origin Data Quality to Reduce Origin Liability." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 3/4 (2020): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020029.

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This article presents the institutional framework of preferential and non-preferential certificate of origin in Colombia. Special emphasis is made in the process of verification, the sanctioning regime and the common errors that Companies incur, also describing some current trends of the Authority to disregard the Proof of Origin. Preferential Origin, Suspension of Preferential Tariff Treatment, Verification, Free Trade Agreement, Sanctions and Penalties, Authorized Exporter, Transshipment, Non-preferential origin, Proof of Origin.

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28

Christyono, Basilius Bias Astho, Moeljono Widjaja, and Arya Wicaksana. "Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 19, no. 5 (2021): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415.

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29

Christyono, Basilius Bias Astho, Moeljono Widjaja, and Arya Wicaksana. "Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 19, no. 5 (2021): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415.

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30

Cheetham, Mandy, Sam Redgate, Clare Humble, Peter van der Graaf, and Ashley Adamson. "Local Authority Champions of Research: a mixed methods proof of concept study." Lancet 394 (November 2019): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32808-9.

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31

Konieczny, Jerzy. "Justification and belief as the basis for proof in criminal trial." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, no. XIX (2019): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1015.

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The aim of the article is to present the role of justification and belief in the course of proving guilt in a criminal trial. The starting point is the indication of the inductive character of evidentiary reasoning and the acceptance of its conclusions on the basis of the decision making by trial authority. These decisions appear after the process in which this authority reaches the level of aspirations to make them; the second basis may be their expected usefulness. The requirements for proof are contrasted with the concept of knowledge. If one assumes that the attribution of knowledge to a p

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32

LALLOUCHE, Samira. "LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE VALIDITY OF ELECTRONICALLY SIGNED DOCUMENTS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, no. 02 (2023): 936–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.22.53.

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The information and technology revolution and the widespread use of modern means of communication and the Internet have led to the emergence of the so-called electronic signature as a substitute for the written signature, which is compatible with the nature of the legal actions of electronic documents. The traditional signature is no longer the only method used to authenticate documents and give them authenticity, but it has become possible to use a new technology to document electronic documents, and because the traditional signature could not be used in the latter, an electronic alternative

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Zehir, Cemal, and Melike Zehir. "Emerging blockchain solutions in the mobility ecosystem: Associated risks and areas for applications." Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285) 4, no. 2 (2023): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brss.v4i2.394.

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This study aims to identify the most influential blockchain types for potential implementation areas in the transforming mobility ecosystem, considering application area-specific needs such as transparency, transaction speed, scalability, energy usage, security, and operating cost. The study demonstrated the hybrid blockchain suitability for most of the 13 distinguished mobility applications, while private and consortium blockchains are found applicable based on the needs of specific use cases. A public blockchain is only found suitable for two of the use cases. Proof of Authority and Proof of

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34

連世昌, 連世昌. "稅捐稽徵機關於稅務案件之舉證責任與職權調查". 月旦財稅實務釋評 59, № 59 (2024): 017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/270692572024110059002.

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35

Kumar R, Nithish. "Comparative Study of Proof of Work (PoW) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) Blockchain Consensus Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36425.

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As opposed to the current system, that is controlled by a central authority, blockchain was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 as a distributed ledger system. A major development in the technology came with the introduction of virtual cryptocurrencies where transactions were recorded and verified by miners or validators at various nodes in different locations. Since these transaction records are available to everyone, this solved the current problem of excessive double spending. In a decentralized system like blockchain, a reliable mechanism was necessary to verify the integrity of all trans

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36

Glazunova, I. V., and D. S. Sheptunov. "Tax procedural proof: problems of theory and practice." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 3 (2022): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(3).94-108.

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The subject of this study is the legal norms contained in legislation, other legal acts, as well as materials of law enforcement practice that determine the specifics of tax procedural evidence. This article also analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the mechanism of tax procedural evidence, examines the gaps in tax legislation directly related to the topic under consideration.The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of evidence in the tax process, to study the application of evidence theory in the activities of tax authorities, to develop new ways, means and s

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Yousiff, Samaher, and Raad Muhajjir. "A Review of Blockchain-based Internet of Things." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.1.3.

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The use of smart network applications based on the Internet of Things is increasing, which increases the attractiveness of malicious activities, leading to the need to increase the adequate security of these networks. In this paper, the latest recent breakthroughs in blockchain for the Internet of Things are examined in the context of electronic health (e-health), smart cities, smart transportation, and other applications in this article. Research gaps and possible solutions are discussed, such as security, connection, transparency, privacy, and the IoT’s blockchain regulatory challenges. In a

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38

Tian, Qiuting, Dezhi Han, and Yanmei Jiang. "Hierarchical authority based weighted attribute encryption scheme." Computer Science and Information Systems 16, no. 3 (2019): 797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis180912027t.

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With the development of cloud storage technology, data storage security has become increasingly serious. Aiming at the problem that existing attribute-based encryption schemes do not consider hierarchical authorities and the weight of attribute. A hierarchical authority based weighted attribute encryption scheme is proposed. This scheme will introduce hierarchical authorities and the weight of attribute into the encryption scheme, so that the authorities have a hierarchical relationship and different attributes have different importance. At the same time, the introduction of the concept of wei

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Ali Abduh Osaime Hakami, Ali Abduh Osaime Hakami. "The Authority of the Narration of Al-‘Adl (The Reliable One) from Others: An." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 29, no. 7 (2021): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.29-7.3.

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Its subject matter: The narration of Al-Adl (the reliable one) on the authority of others is one of the rules of the non-explicit endorsement (ta‘deel) according to the scholars of hadiths, it was given special attention by the scholars of Usūl (Fundamentals of Jurisprudence) within the issues of the authority of the Sunnah, and they differed on the validity of using it as a proof in a way that actually led to some Usūlī issues and various jurisprudential rulings being premised on it.

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40

Hatchard, John. "The Standard of Proof in Disciplinary Proceedings: Solicitors Regulation Authority v Sharif (2019)." Denning Law Journal 31, no. 1 (2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v31i1.1795.

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The January 2019 ruling of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal in Solicitors Regulation Authority v Sharif1 highlighted the care that legal practitioners must take in order to satisfy their anti-money laundering obligations and the serious consequences of any failure to do so. This is the subject of a separate note in this issueof the Denning Law Journal.2 However, the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal applied the criminal standard of proof in the case. The question as to whether this is now the appropriate approach is the subject of this note.

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Akmaluddin, Muhammad. "Otoritas Pemahaman Hadis Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam: Kritik Ibn al-Labbād al-Mālikī Kepada asy-Syāfi’ī." Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 9, no. 2 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v9i2.2387.

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Understanding the hadith with different methods may have either the same result or different results, especially between ra’yu and hadith experts. The struggle for authority on understanding hadith makes this study more interesting because it involves understanding hadith itself, differences in schools of thought and which method is more authoritative in practicing a hadith. This paper discusses how Ibn al-Labbād criticized the hadith authority of as-Shafi’ī and the struggle for hadith authority and meaning. This paper uses a qualitative approach with literature review, and content analysis. T

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Maulana, Rifqi Arif. "PENYALAHGUNAAN KEWEWENANGAN DISKRESI PEJABAT EKSEKUTIF PEMERINTAH INDONESIA : STUDI KASUS RATU ATUT CHOSIYAH." SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, no. 01 (2022): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i01.2467.

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The abuse of authority within the discretionary authority by Ratu Atut Chosiyah is a concrete proof that the current system of procurement of goods and services still has weaknesses even though it has been regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 (PERPRES) concerning Amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of Goods/Services (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 63 of 2021). This study explains the weakness of the procurement system for goods and services associated with discretionary authority in the administration of

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Avdasheva, Svetlana B., and Svetlana V. Golovanova. "Concerted practice enforcement in Russia: How judicial review shapes the standards of evidence and number of enforcement targets." Russian Journal of Economics 6, no. 3 (2020): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.63.51277.

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A judicial review of the infringement decisions of the competition authority substantially affects the standard of evidence in competition enforcement as well as the structure of cases that the competition authority takes. Enforcement against concerted practice in Russia represents a case-study of interaction between commercial courts of first instance, the Highest Court, the competition authority as enforcer, market participants and the legislator to influence the standards of liability under investigation of concerted practice. We examine the judicial review of infringement decisions on conc

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Avdasheva, Svetlana B., and Svetlana V. Golovanova. "Concerted practice enforcement in Russia: How judicial review shapes the standards of evidence and number of enforcement targets." Russian Journal of Economics 6, no. (3) (2020): 239–57. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.63.51277.

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A judicial review of the infringement decisions of the competition authority substantially affects the standard of evidence in competition enforcement as well as the structure of cases that the competition authority takes. Enforcement against concerted practice in Russia represents a case-study of interaction between commercial courts of first instance, the Highest Court, the competition authority as enforcer, market participants and the legislator to influence the standards of liability under investigation of concerted practice. We examine the judicial review of infringement decisions on conc

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Anada, Hiroaki. "Decentralized multi-authority anonymous credential system with bundled languages on identifiers in bilinear groups." Journal of Surveillance, Security and Safety 5, no. 3 (2024): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jsss.2024.08.

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We propose a multi-show decentralized multi-authority attribute-based anonymous credential system (dACS). Referring to previous work, we give a new syntax and three security notions: unforgeability, anonymity and unlinkability. Especially, corruption of authorities is considered to reflect a real scenario. Then we give a generic construction of dACS. In our $$ \textsf{dACS} $$ , an attribute authority who issues a private secret key to an entity only has to sign the entity's identifier. Then, according to the principle of "commit-to-identifier", the entity generates a proof of knowing credenti

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Chachalika, Kassim Athuman. "Impact of Tax Audit on Burden of Proof on Examined Returns of Income Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." African Journal of Accounting and Social Science Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajasss.v4i1.14.

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The study examined the impact of tax audits on the burden of proof on examined returns of income among SMEs in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intended to examine how the issued notice of deficiencies affects the burden of proof on taxpayers on the production of evidence and persuasiveness to the tax authority. The study applied a crosssectional design and quantitative and qualitative approach, where, data were collected from targeted respondents and analysed quantitatively to establish the relationships between variables. Data were analysed through a descriptive statis

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musluh, Saif Khalid, and Riyadh Rahef Nuiaa. "A Novel Multi-Attribute Authority Based Encryption for Controlling Access to Cloud Data." Journal of Education College Wasit University 2, no. 25 (2021): 1257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol2.iss25.2737.

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Cloud computing has changed the way IT department are working with respect to outsourcing data and having controlled access to the data. In the new computing paradigm that supports on-demand services, the storage service became an attractive service for many cloud users. When data is outsourced to cloud, there is an issue of giving controlled access to the cloud data. Many schemes came into existence. Some of the schemes focus on auditing, provable data possession and proof of irretrievability. Some other schemes threw light into the access control on the cloud data. While giving privileges to

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Pineda, Magda, Daladier Jabba, Wilson Nieto-Bernal, and Alfredo Pérez. "Sustainable Consensus Algorithms Applied to Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10552. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310552.

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In recent years, consensus algorithms have gained significant importance in the context of blockchain networks. These algorithms play a crucial role in allowing network participants to reach agreements on the state of the blockchain without needing a central authority. The present study focuses on carrying out a systematic mapping of these consensus algorithms to explore in detail their use, benefits, and challenges in the context of blockchain networks. Understanding consensus algorithms is essential to appreciating how blockchain networks achieve the reliability and integrity of their distri

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Supriadi, Muhammad Rizal, and Roni Andarsyah. "INTEGRITAS DATA PRIVATE BLOCKCHAIN HYPERLEDGER FABRIC MENGGUNAKAN METODE PRACTICAL BYZANTINE FAULT TOLERANCE DAN PROOF OF AUTHORITY." SemanTIK : Teknik Informasi 9, no. 2 (2023): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/semantik.v9i2.42584.

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Keamanan dan integritas data menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam menghadapi ancaman di era modern saat ini. Penelitian ini mengembangkan solusi berbasis blockchain dengan menggunakan private blockchain yang diterapkan dengan metode Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) dan Proof of Authority (PoA) untuk menjaga keamanan dan integritas data intelijen militer serta memberikan otoritas kepada partisipan yang dipercaya untuk validasi transaksi dalam blockchain. Solusi ini juga terintegrasi dengan IPFS untuk penyimpanan dokumen yang aman dan Hyperledger Explorer untuk memantau, mencari, dan

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Kräkel, Matthias, and Anja Schöttner. "Delegating Pricing Authority to Sales Agents: The Impact of Kickbacks." Management Science 66, no. 6 (2020): 2686–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3293.

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We investigate a situation where a firm employing a sales agent faces moral hazard with respect to prospecting effort and the threat of collusion between agent and customer. We show that the firm should offer more pricing authority to the agent the more severe the moral hazard problem, although doing so further expands the agent’s discretion. Nevertheless, restricting the agent’s pricing authority such that he cannot sell to low-valuation customers is typically optimal to prevent collusion. We derive optimal collusion-proof contracts, describe conditions under which collusion arises in equilib

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